USA > Pennsylvania > Fayette County > History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men > Part 52
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Ephraim B. Schrope, must. in Feb. 10, 1864. William V. Thompson, must. in March 3, 1864. William H. Thoopson, must. in Feb. 4, 1865. John Thomas, must. in Jau. 25, 1865. George W. Turner, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. John Trader, must. in Sept. 24, 1862. Henry W. Templiu, must. iu Oct. 27, 1862. Joseph B. Taylor, must. in Feb. 23, 1865. William Vought, must. in Sept. 24, 1862. Samuel Wood, must. in Oct. 23, 1862. Daniel West, must. in Feb. 6, 1865. Julius Werdeman, must. in Jan. 24, 1865. Josephi Will, must. in Ang. 23, 1864. James Walters, muat. in Oct. 28, 1862. James Wilson, must. in Sept. 29, 1862. John K. Weiondt, must. in March 6, 1865. James Wilson, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. John Wood, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. William Whetstone, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. John Way, must. in Sept. 18, 1862. James M. Wilson, must. in Sept. 24, 1862.
David S. White, must. in Sept. 24, 1862. Isaac Wimer, must. in Sept. 24, 1862. William H. Weir, must. in Sept. 24, 1862. William M. Wood, must. in Oct. 28, 1862. Joseph Wallace, must. in Sept. 18, 1862. Jacob J. Yarger, must. in March 6. 1862. Henry Yehert, must. in March 7, 1862. Frederick Zech, must. iu Feb. 16, 1862.
COMPANY G.
William A. West, captain, must. in Oct. 29, 1862; pro. to major Nov. 5, 1862.
John K. Fisher, captain, must. in Sept. 10, 1862; pro. from first lieuten- ant Nov. 19, 1862; disch. December 1st, for wounds received at Shep- ardstown, W. Va., July 16, 1863.
Henry H. Oliphant, captain, must. in Sept. 10, 1862; pro, from regi- mental commissary-sergeant to second lieutenant April 1, 1863; to captain March 28, 1864; brevet major March 13, 1865; wounded at Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 1865; trans. to Co. B July 24, 1865.
Frederick W. Heslop, captain, umst. in March 1, 1862; wounded at Din- widdie Court-House March 31, 1865 ; disch, April 9, 1866 ; veteran. George W. Brown, first lieutenant, must. in Oct. 29, 1862; pro. from second lieutenant Nov. 20, 1862; disch. March 25, 1863.
John R. West, first lieutenant, must. in Sept. 6, 1862 ; pro. from quar- termaster-sergeant to second lieutenant Nov. 17, 1862; to first lieu- tenant April 1, 1863; disch. by G. O. July 24, 1865.
NorDian J. Ball, first lieutenant, must. iu Oct. 29, 1862 ; must. uut with company Ang. 11, 1865.
Henry Schively, second lienteuant, must. in Oct. 13, 1862; pro. from sergeant-major May 3, 1865; disch. by G. O. July 24, 1865.
Thomas J. Alexander, first sergeant, must. in Oct. 19, 1862; pro. from sergeant Aug. 1, 1865 ; Duist. out with company Aug. 11, 1865. David Sample, first sergeant, minst. in Sept. 23, 1862 ; disch. on aurgeon's certificate Nov. 13, 1862.
Michael M. Logau, first sergeant, must. in Sept. 23, 1862.
Joseph Neil, first sergeant, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; pro. tu commissary. sergeant March 7, 1863; to first sergeant May 13, 1865; disch. by G. O. June 15, 1865.
William A. McDowell, first sergeant, must, in Sept. 6, 1862; pro. to com- missary of subsistence Nov. 16, 1862.
William A. Kann, quartermaster-sergeant, must. in Feb. 27, 1864; pro. from private June 27, 1865 ; must. out with company Aug. 11, 1865. Thomas J. Reed, commissary-sergeant; must. in Oct. 7, 1862; pro. to corporal Nov. 1, 1864 ; to commissary-sergeant June 17, 1865; must. out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
William Wood, commissary-sergeaut, must. in Oct. 1, 1862; trans. to Co. R.
Monroe Beeson, sergeant, miust. in Sept. 6, 1862; must. out under G. O. at Satterlee Hospital, West Philadelphia, May 22, 1865.
Martin L. Hutchins, sergeant, must. in Oct. 29, 1862; pro. tu corporal April 1, 1863; to sergeant Jan. 5, 1865; must. out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
William H. Taylor, sergeant, must. in Oct. 7, 1862: pro. to corp. Jan. ], 1865; to sergeant June 17, 1865; must, out with company Aug. 1], 1865.
229
WAR OF THE REBELLION.
Albert 11. Shields, sergeant, must. in Oct. 25, 1862; pro. from private June 27, 1865 ; must. out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Lewis Dunbangh, sergeant, must. in Feb. 1, 1864 ; pro. from private June 27, 1865; must. ont with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Charles Stetler, sergeant, must. in March 6, 1865 ; pro. from private June 27, 1865 ; must. out with company Ang. 11, 1865.
Jesse Steely, sergeant, minst. in Oct. 19, 1862; died at Potomac Creek, Va., Feb. 22, 1863.
Jesaa Tweed, sergeant, must. in Sept. 23, 1862; captured at Parker's Store, Va., Nov. 29, 1863; died at Richmond, Feb. 12, 1864.
John R. Dunham, sergeant, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; disch. by G. O. June 24, 1865.
William Hagan, sergeant, must, in Sept. 6, 1862; pro. to corporal Oct. 29, 1862; to sergeant Dec 1, 1863; diech. by G. O. June 15, 1865.
Herrman H. Kregor, sergeant, muet. in Sapt. 6, 1862 ; pro. to corporal Oct. 29, 1862; tu sergeant March 1, 1865; disch. by G. O. June 15, 1865.
Aaron H. Gadd, sergeant, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; pro. to corporal Jan. 1, 1865; to sergeant March 1, 1865; disch, by G. O. June 15, 1865.
William H. Hagana, sergeant, mast. in Sept, 6, 1862; trans. to Co. B. Joseph W. Lehr, corporal, must. in Oct. 19, 1862; pro. to corporal June 27, 1865; must. out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
W. H. Greenland, corporal, must. in Oct. 19, 1862 ; pro. to corporal June 27, 1865; must. out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
James L. Trutton, corporal, must, in Dec. 31, 1863; pro. to corporal June 17, 1865; must. out with company Aug. 11, 1865; veteran.
B. D. Hotchkiss, corporal, must. in March 1, 1864 ; pro. to corporal June 17, 1865; must. out with company Ang. 11, 1865.
William H. Peck, corporal, must. in March 6, 1865 ; pro. to corporal June 27, 1865 ; must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Hezekiah King, corporal, must. in Feb. 16, 1865 ; pro. to corporal June 27, 1865; must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
William P Kirk, corporal, must. in March 8, 1865 ; pro. to corporal June 27, 1865; must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Edward Stewart, corporal, must. in March 7, 1865 ; pro. to corporal June 27, 1865; must. out with company Ang. 11, 1865.
Henry C, Neil, corporal, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; disch. by G. O. May 29, 1865.
Stewart Starus, corporal, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; pro. to corporal Dec. 1, 1864 ; disch, by G. O. June 15, 1865.
Robert H. Strong, corporal, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; pro. to corporal March 1, 1865; disch. by G. O. June 15, 1865.
Josephı N. Piersel, corporal, must. in Sept. 19, 1862 ; pro. to corporal May 1, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 15, 1865.
Sebastian Rush, corporal, must. in Sept. 6, 1862 ; pru. to corporal June 1, 1865; disch. by G. O. June 15, 1865.
William Dutton, corporal, must. in Sept. 6, 1862 ; pro. to corporal June 1, 1865; disch, by G. O. June 15, 1865
George Kise; corporal, must. in Oct. 1, 1862; pro. to corporal June 1, 1865 ; disch. by G. O. June 15, 1865.
Jeremiah B. Foulke, corporal, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; trans. to Co. B. Benjamin F. Harris, corporal, must. in Sept. 6. 1862 ; trans. to Co. B. Tobias J. Coil, corporal, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; trans. to Co. B. Joseph N. Lewis, corporal, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; trans. to Co. B. Joseph R. Norris, corporal, must. in Sept. 6, 1862 ; trans, to Co. B.
James Harrison, bugler, must. in Feb. 27, 1865; must. out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
John S. Hunt, bugler, must. in Oct. 19, 1862; must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Jordan Wintersteen, bugler, mast. in Oct. 25, 1862 ; disch. May 8, 1863. Isaac C. Clare, artificer, must. in Oct. 4, 1864 ; must, out with company Aug. 11, 1865,
John Lynn, blacksmith, must in Sept. G, 1862; disch. by general order Jan. 15, 1865,
David F. Olinger, farrier, must. in Oct. 19, 1862 ; must. out with company Aug. 11, 1865.
William Gay, farrier, must. in Oct. 7, 1862; must. uut with company Aug. 11, 1865.
Joseph Marr, farrier, must. in Oct. 30, 1862 ; disch. on surgeon's cer- tificate April 5, 1865.
John H. Lomas, saddler, must. in Sept. 6, 1862; disch, by general order June 15, 1865.
Privates.
Jacob A. Anderson, must. in Feb. 28, 1864. George E. Alexander, must. in Feb. 24, 1865. Daniel Aley, must, in Sept. 23, 1862.
John Adare, must. in Sept. 28, 1862. Isnac Arnold, must. in Oct. 19, 1862. Gabriel Betligate, must. in Feb. 24, 1864. Charles Bower, must, in Oct. 7, 1862. Stephen P. Bancroft, must, in Feb. 23, 1865, John Bowuer, must. in Feb. 25. 1865. Francis Boyd, must. in Feb, 27, 1865. Joseph Bayer, must. in Feb. 28, 1865. Riley Bressler, must. in March 1, 1865. G. Il. Baughman, must. in March 7, 1865. Jacob Briner, must in Sept. 23, 1862. Joseph Bennett, must. in Oct. 19, 1862. Henry F. Bastruff, must in March 6, 1865. Henry R. Black, must. in Sept. 25, 1862. Curry Brantly, must. in Feb. 24, 1862. John Batton, must. in Oct. 3, 1862. Jacob A. Bowman, must, in March 1, 1865. G. W. Brown, must. in Sept. 30, 1864. Samuel Betts, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Henry W. Beeson, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Henry Il. Beeson, must, in Sept. 6, 1862. Allen Barricklow, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Geurge Barricklow, must, in Sept. G, 1862. Albert W. Bohlan, must, in Sept. 6, 1862. George Brooks, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. George Browneller, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. John Bice, must. in Sept. 20, 1862. Robert T. Blair, must. in Sept. 28, 1862. Thomas H. Cupples, must, in Oct. 19, 1862. Oliver Cummings, must, in Feb. 28, 1865. John H. Casner, must. în Oct. 9, 1862. Cloyd R. Collier, must. in Feb. 25, 1864. William Clinger, must. in July 25, 1864. Christopher C. Clute, must. in April 4, 1864. Martin Cupples, must. in Oct. 19, 1864. Thomas A. Collins, must. in Feb. 27, 1865. James E. Conoway, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Stewart Christopher, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Cornelius Dempster, must. in Dec. 24, 1863. William H H. Dreese, must. in Oct. 19, 1862. John Davenport, must. in Oct. 19, 1862. Michael Dunn, must. in March 7, 1865. George L. Dill, must. in Feb. 28, 1865. Joseph W. Dill, omst. io Fab. 24, 1864. John Dockman, must. in March 6, 1865. Samnel Dugan, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. A. G. Dougherty, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. John Dugan, must. in Oct. 29, 1862. Abraham Dunham, must. io Sept. 19, 1862. Charles E. Dorcy, must, in Feb. 17, 1865. John A. Evans, must. in Sept. 23, 1862. Henry W. Earley, must, in Oct. 25, 1862. Levi Ebersole, must. in Sept. 28, 1862, Isaac P. Eberhart, must. in Jan. 4, 1864, Adolph A. Eberhart, must. in Sept. 6, 18G2. Abraham Francis, must. in Oct. 3, 1862. Michael H. Foore, must. in Oct. 19, 1862. Daniel Fry, must. in Oct. 29, 1862. John Ferry, must. in Feb. 14, 1865. William A. Fuller, must. in Sept. 23, 1862. Herman Firesbrink, must. in Sept. 6, 1862, Levi Francis, muat. in Sept. 6, 1862. David Fetz, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Ebenezer T. Giles, must. in March 8, 1864. Michael Garver, must. in Jan. 30, 1864. Henry Y. Gable, must. in Oct, 7, 1862. John Gray, must. in Feb. 17, 1865. James Georges, must. in Sept. 23, 1862. James Gaddis, must. in Sept. G, 1862. Andrew J. Gordon, must in Sept. 6, 1862. Jonathan Gane, minst. in Sept. 19, 1862. Philip Hauk, must. in March 1, 1865. Henry Hoffer, must. in Feb, 27, 1865. S. Harshbarger, must. in March 3, 1865.
Thomas H, Hunting, must, in Oct. 18, 1864. John B. Hopple, must. in Sept. 18, 1862. John Harrison, must. in Feb. 21, 1865.
230
HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Samuel Harter, must. in Oct. 25, 1862. John Hickson, must. in Oct. 29, 1862. John Horn, must. in Feb. 27, 1865. George A. Harrington, must. in Feb. 20, 1865. Abraham P. Ilaines, must. in Sept. 23, 1862. Daniel Hollabaugh, muet. in Sept. 23, 1862. Isaac Hockenberry, must. in Oct. 19, 1862. Benjamin Hockenberry, must. io Oct. 19, 1862. James Hasson, must. in Sept. 15, 1864. William Hall, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. John H. Hone, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. George W. Hagan, must. in Oct. 22, 1862. Hatfield Hoden, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Jacob Helsel, must. in Oct. 1, 1862. John Herberger, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. James D. Irwin, must. iu Dec. 1, 1863. William J. Johnson, must. in Oct. 7, 1862. Thomas Jobes, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. William H. Jordon, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. Jeremiah D. Kepner, must. in Feb. 24, 1864. Jacob T. Ketring, must. in Feb. 18, 1865. David Killey. must. in Feb. 24, 1865. Jobn W. Knight, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Jacob L. W. Kolp, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. David J. Karchner, must. in Oct. 20, 1862. William H. Leas, must. in Jan. 21, 1864. William Lebo, must. in Oct. 30, 1862. G. H. Longnecker, must, in Feb. 17, 1865. J. S. Longnecker, must. iu Feb. 17, 1865. John W. Lancaster, must. in Feb. 23, 1865. Patrick Lenaban, must. in Feb. 27, 1865. William H. Lansing, must. in Sept. 23, 1862. James Leonard, must. in Oct. 19, 1862. George W. Lewis, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. John T. Lilly, must, in Sept. 6, 1862. John Lockwood, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. James Lewis, must. in Sept. 30, 1864. William H. Lynn, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Isaac Lerett, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Cyrus Laughrey, must. iu Sept. 19, 1862. Edward Laughrey, must. in Oct. 21, 1862. Thomas Martin, must, in March 14, 1864. Joseph Morrison, must. in Feb. 21, 1865. James M. Martin, amust. in Aug. 19, 1862. Peter Meshey, must, in March 7, 1865. Alonzo R. Martz, must. in Sept. 23, 1×62. Henry Miner, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. William Mitchell, must. in Sept, 6, 1862. John May, Jr., must. in Sept. 30, 1864. Calvin B. Martin, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. James Mitchell, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Joseph Means, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. Calvin Miller, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. Robert McCracken, must. in Oct. 7, 1862. B. C. Mc Williams, must. in July 27, 1863. James McDonald, must. in Feb. 16, 1865. William S. McClary, must. in Feb. 23, 1865. Joseph A. McArthur, must. In Oct. 1, 1862. Jeho V. McLane, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Joseph A. McCoy, muet. in Sept. 6, 1862. Simon Norris, must, in Sept. 19, 1862. Joseph Nickle, must. in Sept, 19, 1862. Samuel Narrass, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. Lewis O'Connell, must. in Oct. 18, 1862. James J. Pelter, must in Oct. 19, 1862. James Il. Porter, must. in March 8, 1865. Andrew J. Purdy, must. in Oct. 18, 1862. Nathan Perdew, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. John Propper, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. George W. Palmer, minst. iu Sept. 19, 1862. John J. Quay, must in Feb. 19, 1864. John Rosenberger, must. in Feb. 24, 1864. Daniel Rogers, must. In March 3, 1865. John Redmond, must. in Feb. 16, 1865. Frederick Rentz, must. in March 8, 1865. Charles Rhoads, muet, in March 4, 1865. John S. Robinson, must. in Sept. 24, 1802.
David Rose, must. in Sept. 28, 1862. William Rice, must. in Oct. 29, 1862. Allen Rearich, must. in Sept. 23, 1862. Simon Rondall, must. in Sept. 23. 1862. Jamee Roseell, muet. in Sept. 19, 1862. Silas Rossell, must. in Sept. 30, 1864. James F. Reed, must. in Sept. 30, 1864. Daniel Reynolds, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. Edgar F. Reynolds, muet. in Sept. 19, 1862. William Rine, must, in Sept. 6, 1862. Jacob Switzer, must. in Feb. 8, 1865. Heury Simpson, must. in Feb. 14, 1865. Charles Shoffer, must. iu Feb. 25, 1865. William Shoff, must. in Oct. 3, 1862. David A. Snyder, must. in Oct. 3, 1862. Lawrence Shepherd, must. in Feb. 23, 1864. Alexander Sutherland, must. in Feb. 23, 1865. John H. Sickles, muet. in Feb. 23, 1865. Robert Sankey, muet. in Sept. 23, 1862. Peter Saylor, must. in Oct. 25, 1862. Robert A. Sayers, must, in Sept. 23, 1862. John Smith, must. in Sept. 28, 1862. Robert Salyards, must. in Sept. 23, 1862. Oliver P. Snook, must. in Oct. 19, 1862. James Shean, must. in June 8, 1864. Charles Sterling, muet, in March 23, 1864. Henry Shak, must. in Feb. 16, 1865. Nathan Shenefelt, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Beeson Shaffer, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Perry Swartztrover, must. in Sept. 2, 1864. Daniel E. Sickles, must, in Sept. 6, 1862. Lemuel Sutton, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. Amos Sullivan, must. in Sept. 19, 1862. John Sighen, must. in Oct. 18, 1862. Horace Sias, must. in Oct. 21, 1862. Hezekiah B. Thomas, must. in Feb. 20, 1864. George W. Turner, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. Jacob Vanasdale, must. in Sept. 28, 1862. Jacob Walker, must. in Oct. 19, 1862. Daniel P. Weeters, must. in Feb. 17, 1865. John Williams, must. in Feb. 28, 1865. Elmuud Wimer, must. in Feb. 25, 1865. Edmund W. Westcott, must. in Feb. 18, 1865. Robert F. Watt, must. in March 30, 1864. Joseph Wilson, must. in Sept. 23, 1862. Charles Wilson, must. in Feb. 21, 1865. Jacob Walters, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. David Whitsett, must. in Sept. 15, 1864. John Wood, must. iu Sept. 6, 1862. William Whetstone, must. in Sept. 6, 1862. James Wilson, must. in Sept 19, 1862. Jacob Wynn, must. in Oct. 16, 1862.
CHAPTER XXII.
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY-IRON, COAL, AND COKE. THE MINERAL RESOURCES OF FAYETTE COUNTY.
FAYETTE COUNTY embraces a portion of the great Appalachian coal-field. It is rich in coal, iron, lime- stone, and fire-clay.
Coal occurs abundantly. The great Pittsburgh bed in the Connellsville basin yields a coal which makes the typical coke; while the same bed in the basin followed by the Monongahela River yields a coal hard enough to bear shipment, and admirably adapted to the manufacture of illuminating gas, Numerous other beds are present, most of which afford good coal for fuel, and are mined to a greater or less extent to supply local needs.
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Pittsburgh Bed and Upper Coal Measures.
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231
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.
In the broad valley occupying the eastern part of the county, and lying between Laurel and Chestnut Ridges, the beds of the lower coal groups are exposed. The upper Freeport coal-bed, the highest of the lower productive coal group, is accessible along Indian Creek from the county line southward to near the Youghiogheny River, while the same bed is found in patches on the hills along that river. South from the Youghiogheny it is accessible at many places along the larger streams. This bed varies in thick- ness from two to nearly ten feet, and the coal shows equal variations in quality. It is opened at many places within this valley, and the coal is good for fuel ; but the volatile matter is too low for the manufacture of gas, and the ash is too high to permit excellence in the coke.
Other and lower beds of coal are exposed in the deep trough excavated by the Youghiogheny River in crossing this valley, as well as on several of the lar- ger streams emptying into the river; but the coal from these, though useful for fuel, contains so much ash and sulphur as to be useless for either gas or coke. These beds are shown on both sides of Chest- nut Ridge, and the upper Freeport is mined to a slight extent on the eastern slope to supply fuel. But the proximity of the large Pittsburgh bed in the Connellsville basin has prevented any full develop- ment of the bed or a thorough determination of its value. The lower beds are not reached westward from Chestnut Ridge in such quantity as to be economically available.
Beds lying above the Pittsburgh coal-bed in the Connellsville basin are rarely mined. They are irregu- lar both in thickness and quality. The coal from the Pittsburgh as found here is soft and ill fitted to bear handling. The volatile matter is much lower than in the next basin towards the west, and the sulphur rarely exceeds one per cent. Comparatively little of this coal is shipped, and with the exception of the small quantity needed to supply villages, the whole amount mined is converted into coke. This coke, known in the markets as Connellsville coke, is hard, silvery, and retains its lustre for an indefinite period when exposed to the air. It is prepared by burning the coal in beehive ovens for from forty-eight to seventy- two hours.
The greater part of the coking area has been pur- chased by corporations, and the eastern outcrop of the bed is now lined with coke-works. The western outerop is not yet open to market, but the coal on that side of the basin is inferior to that obtained from the other side only in this, that it contains a slightly greater proportion of volatile matter. The coke appears to be equally good.
Near the State line the coal from the Pittsburgh bed along the Monongahela is comparatively low in volatile matter and yields a very fair coke; but the presence of some slates detracts from the appearance of the product.
Lack of railroad facilities has prevented a full development of the Pittsburgh coal-bed along the Monongahela River, but slack-water navigation has rendered possible some extensive workings at and below Brownsville. The coal obtained in this basin shows from thirty-four to somewhat more than thirty- six per cent. of volatile matter, is comparatively free from sulphur, and bears handling well. It is shipped down the Monongahela River to the Ohio, and is sold in the markets of Cincinnati and other cities farther south.
The thickness of the Pittsburgh bed is usually somewhat less along the river than it is in the Con- nellsville basin, frequently being almost ten feet in the latter basin, but rarely exceeding eight feet along the river.
The iron ores of Fayette County attracted attention at a very early day, and the first iron produced west of the Allegheny Mountains was made in Fayette County from Fayette County ore.
The Blue Lump ore, which immediately underlies the Pittsburgh coal-bed in the Connellsville basin, was the first ore-bed discovered, but other beds were found not long after, and furnaces were erected to utilize them. All of the early furnaces were small and used charcoal as the fuel, though Col. Isaac Meason used coke in a small way at his Plnmsock Furnace in 1817, and in 1836 Mr. F. H. Oliphant ran Fairchance Fur- nace with coke for several weeks, making an iron of excellent quality.
The important horizons of iron ore are two, the upper being almost directly under the Pittsburgh coal- bed, and the lower in the shales underlying the great conglomerate which marks the base of the coal-bear- ing series within this region.
The ore immediately below the Pittsburgh bed, known usually as the coal ore, is confined for the most part to the Connellsville basin, but it crosses to the river basin in Spring Hill township, and is present along the river certainly as far north as Catt's Run; beyond that, northward, it seems to be wanting.
This ore shows serious variation in the Connells- ville basin, there being a marked difference between the ores found from the Youghiogheny River to a little way north from the National road, and those found still farther south. In the southern part of this basin the group consists of four beds, known as the Blue Lump, the Big Bottom, the Red Flag, and the Yellow Flag, the order being descending. The whole thickness of ore is not less than two fect, and is in- cluded within a vertical distance of not more than twelve feet. The Blue Lump contains from thirty-nine to forty-two per cent. of metallic iron, with .07 to.08 per cent. of phosphorus and .01 to .04 per cent. of sulphur. In the Big Bottom the iron is thirty-five per cent. and the phosphorus only .04 per cent. The ores from the other beds have about the same percentage of iron as that from the Big Bottom, but the percentage of
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HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
phosphorus is somewhat greater. The change north- ward seems to be abrupt, and it certainly occurs within a distance of not more than one mile. At Lemont and Dunbar only a single or sometimes a double layer is mined, which varies from ten to twenty-two inches in thickness. The ore shows material variations in quality, but for the most part it is good. It has from thirty to thirty-three per cent. of iron, and the phos- phorus varies from .13 to .20.
This ore is persistent, unlike most of the carbonate ores of the carboniferous groups. The area underlaid by it and actually proved up is estimated to contain not less than two hundred millions of tons, and this does not include any part of the western side of the basin.
The beds of the lower group are known as the mountain ores. They are four in number,-the Little Honeycomb, the Big Honeycomb, the Kidney, and the Big Bottom. The Little Honeycomb is within twenty feet of the great conglomerate, and is seldom more than four inches thick. It is not available ex- cept where it can be mined by stripping. The ore is very good. The Big Honeycomb is usually a com- pact flag ten to twelve inches thick, but occasionally swelling to more than two feet. It is persistent to very near the northern limit of the county. The ore is fine-grained, smooth, and it is regarded as excel- lent. The metallic iron varies from thirty-five to forty-one per cent., the phosphorus from .03 to .22, and the sulphur from it varies little from .15. The Kidney ore is persistent, and is usually a plate from four to eight inches thick. According to analysis, the percentage of iron varies from thirty-one to forty-one per cent., the phosphrus from .10 to .19, and the sulphur from .08 to .40. The Big Bottom is present at all localities examined along Chestnut Ridge. It consists of one, two, or three flags, with a total thickness of from ten inches to three feet. The percentage of iron varies from thirty-two to thirty- seven, of phosphorus from a mere trace to .25.
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