USA > Pennsylvania > Fayette County > History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men > Part 78
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right, resigned, and was succeeded by M. H. Bowman. The banking-rooms of the institution are on the corner of Arch and Main Streets. The present offi- cers of the bank are:
Directors, Ewing Brownfield, president ; Thomas H. Fenn, William MeCleary, James Robinson, Daniel Huston, James A. Searight.
Cashier, M. H. Bowman.
DOLLAR SAVINGS-BANK OF UNIONTOWN.
This bank commenced business Jan. I, 1870, with the Hon. A. E. Willson as president, and Armstrong Hadden as cashier. Upon the election of Mr. Will- son as judge of this district in 1873 he retired from the presidency of the bank, and was succeeded by Robert Hogsett, Esq. In October, 1872, C. S. Seaton was appointed to the cashiership made vacant by the death of Mr. Hadden. Mr. Seaton remained cashier until April, 1878, when he retired, and was succeeded by Henry McClay, who had previously been teller. The business of the bank closed July 19, 1878.
FAYETTE COUNTY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.
This company was organized Sept. 2, 1844, the corporators being Isaac Beeson, John Dawson, Al- fred McClelland, Andrew Byers, William B. Roberts, James T. Cannon, Ewing Brownfield, John Huston, Robert T. Flenniken, Daniel Kaine, James Piper, Samuel Y. Campbell, and Everard Bierer. Isaac Beeson was chosen president, and Daniel Kaine secre- tary.
During the first year of the company's business fifty-three policies were written, aggregating a risk of $107,000. The total amount of risks from the organ- ization of the company in 1844 to Jan. 1, 1881, was $5,259,505. Total number of premium notes taken, 3317, aggregating $444,260.21.
The present. board of managers is composed of E. B. Dawson, Thomas Hadden, William Hunt, Wil- liam Beeson, John K. Beeson, Ewing Brownfield, John T. Harah, Adam C. Nutt, Edward Campbell, James S. Watson.
UNIONTOWN BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATION.
On the 2d of April, 1870, a number of citizens con- vened at Skiles' Hall, in Uniontown, for the purpose of organizing the above-named association. Officers were elected as follows : President, Jasper M. Thomp- son ; Secretary, A. C. Nutt; Treasurer, John H. McClelland; Directors, John H. Miller, A. M. Gib- son, J. A. Laughead, John K. Ewing, W. H. Bailey, D. M. Springer, and Hugh L. Rankin.
On the 18th of April a constitution and by-laws were adopted. Section 2 of the former declares that " The object of this association shall be the accumula- tion of money to be loaned among its members for the purchase of houses or lands, or for building or repairing the same and acquiring homesteads."
There has been no change in president or treasurer
342
HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
since the organization. A. C. Nutt, secretary, resigned April 27, 1872, and was succeeded by William H. Hope, who resigned March 31, 1877, when Benjamin Campbell, the present secretary, was elected.
The association did not purchase any lands, but : the lodge numbered fifty-two members. The first one loaned money exclusively to members and for build- ing purposes until December, 1876, when provision was made to make loans for other purposes, and to parties not members of the association.
Below is given the amount of loans made by the association in each of the seven years next follow- ing its formation, viz. :
. From April, 1870, to April, 1871, 817,882.11.
66
66
1871, " 1872, 1873, " 1874, 35,051,29. 1874, " 1875, 20,401.02. 66 1875, " 1876, 37,144.31. 1876, " 66 1877, 48,018.88. 1872, 16,373.03. 1873, 20,252,00.
Two-thirds of the last amonnt was cash paid to stock- holders in cancellation of shares, which from 1877 to the present time have been gradually drawing to a close.
SOCIETIES AND ORDERS.
A Masonic lodge was chartered in Uniontown April 2, 1802, with the following-named officers : Abraham Stewart, W. M .; George Manypenny, S. W .; Christian Tarr, J. W. ; John Van Houten, Tyler. This lodge continued until 1817.
LAUREL LODGE, No. 215, F. AND A. M.1
This lodge was instituted June 30, 1828, nnder charter granted by the R. W. Grand Lodge of Penn- sylvania, June 2, 1828. Its first officers were Thomas Irwin, W. M .; L. W. Stockton, S. W .; Gabriel Evans, J. W .; William Salter, Treas .; M. Hampton, Sec. The lodge existed for a short period only, closing its work Feb. 11, 1831.
:FAYETTE LODGE, No. 228, F. AND A. M.1
Upon the petition of John Irons, Zalmon Luding- ton, James Piper, John Keffer, P. U. Hook, John McCuen, William Doran, Moses Shehan, Rev. S. E. Babcock, and Samuel Bryan, the R. W. Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted a warrant or charter to open a lodge in the borough of Uniontown, to be known as Fayette Lodge, No. 228. John Irons to be first W. M .; Zalmon Ludington to be first S. W .; James Piper to be first J. W.
On the second Monday of April, 1848, the first reg- ular meeting was held ; nine petitions for degrees and membership and two for membership were presented. Of the eleven petitioners ten were admitted and one withdrew his application. From April 10th until St. John's day, Dec. 27, 1848, thirty-nine meetings were held, and during that time the E. A. degree was con- ferred upon thirty-eight applicants; the F. C. degree
was conferred upon twenty-nine applicants; the M. MI. degree was conferred upon twenty applicants ; and in addition to that four M. M.'s were admitted to membership, so that at the end of the Masonic year entered was William Thorndell ; the last one entered that year was Dr. Smith Fuller. An accession of forty-two members during the first eight months was surely encouraging to the brethren who labored earn- estly for the success of the lodge.
On the 29th of July, 1850, John Irons, the W. M., died of cholera. On the afternoon of the 30th the brethren assembled to pay the last "tribute of re- spect" to their much-beloved Master, and with the honors of Freemasonry they consigned his body to the earth.
The labors of the lodge were continued under the control of the following brethren, who served as Mas- ters: Robert Boyle, for the year 1851-52; James L. Bugh, 1853; Moses Shehan, 1854; Zalmon Ludington, 1855; George W. K. Minor, 1856; Thomas Semans, 1857-58; James H. Springer, 1859 ; Daniel Smith, 1860-62; Thomas Semans (re-elected), 1863-67; George W. Litman, 1868; Thomas Semans, 1869; Charles E. Boyle, 1870; William Hunt, 1871; Wil- liam C. Snyder, 1872; P. M. Hochheimer, 1873-74; S. M. Baily, 1875-76 ; D. J. Hopwood, 1877.
Since the organization of this lodge there have been elected six members who served as treasurer of the lodge: S. Bryan, for the years 1848-49; R. M. Modi- sett, 1850-51; William Thorndell, for ten successive years, from 1852 to 1861, inclusive; John S. Harah, for the years 1862-66; Thomas Hadden, 1867; John S. Harah, 1868-75 ; C. H. Rush, 1876; John S. Harah, 1877, and re-elected for 1878. Fourteen members served this lodge as secretary during the period of thirty years from the organization of the lodge: John Ketfer, for the year 1848; Robert Boyle, 1849; Richard Huskins, 1850-51; R. M. Modisett, 1852; William Seldon. 1853; James H. Springer, 1854-57 ; William B. McCormick, 1858; Jesse B. Ramsey, 1859 -61; George W. Litman, 1862-63; Thomas A. Hal- deman, 1864-65; William E. Beall, 1866; William R. Semans, 1867; William E. Beall, 1868-72; Wil- liam H. Hope, 1873-75; P. M. Hochheimer, 1876- 77. The fee for initiation and membership was $16 until April, 1852, when by instruction of the Grand Lodge it was advanced to $19.25, which remained un- changed until the year 1865, when $30 was made the constitutional fee until the year 1870, when another advance of $10 was made, making $40 the constitu- tional fee. The fee for the admission of a M. M. to membership was 82 until the adoption of the by-laws of 1868, when it was changed to $5. The yearly dues have been $3 until Jan. 8, 1877, when by the adop- tion of an amendment to the by-laws they were changed to $4.
During a period of thirty years from the first organ- ization there was paid into the treasury of this lodge
1 Prepared by P. M. Hochheimer.
343
UNIONTOWN BOROUGHI.
From initiation fees
$5919.25
admission fees ...
107.00
dues ...... .....
6195.82
Total . $12,222.07
Of this sum was paid out
For Charter and Grand Lodge dues ..... $2898.42
" Charity, etc ...
1094.07
" Sundry expenses.
6964.74
Total
$10,957.23
and in addition to this sum there was expended the sum of $800, of which no account can be given, making the total expenditure $11,757.23, or $391.91 per year.
Past Master Zalmon Ludington was the only one of the charter members whose name remained upon the roll of members at the end of thirty years from the establishment of the lodge. Redding Bunting, Thomas Semans, Charles S. Seaton, George H. Thorn- dell, and Robert Britt became members of the lodge in 1848.
During the Masonic year of 1858, Brother Thomas Semans, W. M., the lodge seems to have been aroused from its dormant state, and at the stated meeting March 8th twenty-six members were suspended or expelled for non-payment of dues. Since the organ- ization of the lodge two members after due trial have been suspended for unmasonic conduct.
Fayette Lodge has furnished members for the organ- ization of King Solomon Lodge at Connellsville, and Valley Lodge, Masontown. Kind and fraternal feel- ings have ever existed among the members of this lodge toward the members of the several lodges in this county.
From information gathered from the records of the lodge and the correspondence of the different D. D. G. M. of this Masonic district, we find a continuons effort has been made on the part of these officers to impart the work and ritual as taught in the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, and their labors have not been in vain ; the work, ritual, and landmarks of Free- masonry as practiced in this lodge are strictly in ac- cordance with the teachings of the Grand Lodge of this great jurisdiction.
The officers of the lodge at present (1881) are: W. M., John W. Wood ; S. W., Calvin Springer ; J. W., Armor S. Craig; Treas., William B. McCormick ; Sec., P. M. Hochheimer. The number of members is seventy-seven.
UNION R. A. CHAPTER, No. 165.
A petition was forwarded to the Grand Holy Royal Arch Chapter of Pennsylvania, signed P. U. Hook, John Irons, S. E. Babcock, William Searight, Daniel Sturgeon, and John McCune, praying that a charter be granted them to open and hold a chapter of Royal Arch Masons at Uniontown.
The Grand Chapter, having taken favorable action upon said petition, directed S. Mckinley, Esq., D. D.
G. H. P. for the Western District of Pennsylvania, to convene the petitioners and constitute them into a chapter of R. A. Masons, which he did on the 15th day of May, 1849, when Union R. A. Chapter, No. 165, was duly constituted and its officers elected, viz. : P. U. Hook, H. P .; William Searight, K .; John Irons, S .; William Thorndell, Treas. ; Richard Hus- kins, Sec.
The work of this chapter was carried on until St. John's day, Dec. 27, 1855, after which date the chap- ter remained in a dormant state until the 15th day of April, 1872, when a sufficient number of members convened, and by authority from the Grand H. R. A. Chapter of Pennsylvania resuscitated Chapter No. 165, and elected officers who have successfully carried on the work. The officers for the year 1881 are Thomas Brownfield, H. P .; Andrew J. Gilmore, K .; Max Baum, S .; William B. McCormick, Treas. ; P. M. Hochheimer, Sec.
ST. OMER'S COMMANDERY, No. 3, KNIGHTS TEMPLAR.
Organized at Uniontown, Dec. 14, 1853, under char- ter granted by the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. The first officers were: Eminent Commander, John Bierer; Generalissimo, Andrew Patrick; Captain- General, William Thorndell, Jr .; Prelate, James Piper; Treasurer, William Thorndell, Jr .; Recording Scribe, Richard Huskings. The commandery was discontinued Oct. 17, 1854, but was afterwards revived and removed to Brownsville.
UNIONTOWN COMMANDERY, No. 49, KNIGHTS TEMPLAR.
This commandery was chartered May 13, 1874. Its first officers were Nathaniel A. Baillie, Eminent Com- mander; Charles H. Rush, Generalissimo; William Hunt, Captain-General ; William C. Snyder, Prelate ; Clark Breading, Treasurer ; William H. Hope, Re- corder ; Silas M. Bailey, Senior Warden ; William T. Moore, Junior Warden; John F. Gray, Standard- Bearer ; J. Austin Modisett, Sword-Bearer ; Thomas Brownfield, Warden. The present officers are Philip M. Hochheimer, Eminent Commander ; Thomas Brownfield, Generalissimo; Andrew J. Gilmore, Cap- tain-General ; William B. McCormick, Treasurer ; William Hunt, Recorder. The present number of members is twenty-three.
FORT NECESSITY .LODGE, No. 254, I. O. O. F.
Instituted Aug. 6, 1847. The first officers of the lodge were Samuel Bryan, N. G .; M. Keely, V. G. ; H. W. S. Rigdon, Sec. ; M. Runion, Ass't Sec .; D. Clark, Treas. The lodge first met in Madison Col- lege building, afterwards in Bryant's building, and now holds its meetings at its rooms in Concert Hall Block. The present membership is eighty. The offi- cers of the lodge for 1881 are C. D. Conner, N. G .; Martin L. Reis, V. G .; Joseph Beatty, Sec. ; John S. IIarah, Treas.
344
HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
FAYETTE ENCAMPMENT, No. 80. I. O. O. F.
Chartered July 31, 1848. The first officers of the encampment were Daniel Bryan, C. P .; James Piper, H. P .; H. W. S. Rigdon, S. W .; D. Marchand Springer, J. W. ; James A. Morris, Sec. ; James Me- Dermott, Treas. ; David Clark, S. The present offi- cers are . Thomas Thorndell, C. P .; Alonzo Nabors, S. W .; Peter Lape, J. W .; P. M. Hochheimer, Scribe ; W. H. Wilhelm, Treas. The membership now num- bers thirty-five.
TONNALEUKA LODGE, No. 365, I. O. O. F.
This lodge was chartered June 18, 1849, and organ- ized on the 11th of July following. with the following- named officers: James Piper, N. G .; Daniel Smith, V. G .; John K. Fisher, Sec .; William Barton, Jr., Ass't Sec .; Robert T. Galloway, Treas. The lodge has now (1881) a membership of seventy-six, and its officers are Levi S. Gaddis, N. G. ; John M. Cannan, V. G .; Alfred Howell, Treas. ; W. H. Wilhelm, Sec.
ROYAL ARCANUM COUNCIL, No. 388.
Organized in September, 1879; chartered May 3, 1880. The officers for 1881 are P. M. Hochheimer, Regent; Stephen E. Wadsworth, V. R .; D. H. Backus, Sec .; M. H. Bowman, Treas. The number of its members is thirty-four.
MADISON LODGE, No. 419, K. OF P.
The charter of this lodge dates Dec. 10, 1873. The charter members were G. W. K. Minor, H. Delaney, J. M. Hadden, J. W. Wood, J. S. Roberts, J. S. Bread- ing, G. B. Rutter, L. Francis, J. D. Moore, and George H. Thorndell, Sr. The present membership of the lodge is forty-six. The officers for 1881 are Florence Barnett, Chancellor Commander ; William Jeffries, V. Chancellor ; R. S. Reis, Prelate ; Joseph M. Had- den, M. of Exchequer ; Albert G. Beeson, Master of Finance : George B. Rutter, Keeper of Records and Seals ; Levi Francis, Past Chancellor.
WILL F. STEWART POST, No. 180, G. A. R.
This post of the Grand Army of the Republic was organized May 20, 1880, with twenty charter mem- bers. The membership at present numbers forty- three. The officers are Henry White, Past Com- mander; Albert G. Beeson, Post Commander; James Collins, James C. Whalley, Vice Commanders ; John H. Marshall, Chaplain ; A. M. Litman, Quartermas- ter; George B. Rutter, Adjutant ; John Nicholson, Quartermaster-Sergeant. The post meets in the hall in Miller's building.
RISING STAR LODGE, No. 533, I. O. G. T.
This lodge was organized June 21, 1880, by George Whitsett, and the following-named officers were then elected and installed : W. C. T., P. C. Baxter ; W. V. T., Miss M. V. Jackson; W. Secretary, Joseph B. Jack- son ; W. F. Secretary, Susan Moxley ; W. Treasurer, William Albert Henry ; W. Chaplain, C. A. Jenkins;
W. Marshal, Eli Truly ; Inner Guard, Samuel Miller ; Sentinel, James Carter.
The present ( August, 1881) officers are: W. C. T., William A. Henry ; W. V. T., Mary E. Truman ; W. Secretary, Joseph B. Jackson ; W. F. Secretary, Mary V. Baxter; W. Treasurer, James Carter; W. Chap- lain, Eli M. Cury ; W. Marshal, Thomas J. Brooks ; Inner Guard, D. F. Baxter; Sentinel, Dennis Carter.
MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES.
One of the oldest landmarks, as it is also the most ancient of all the manufacturing establishments of Uniontown, is the old mill building, still standing, in the western part of the borough, near the Main Street bridge over Beeson's Run. This building, known in later years as the Phoenix Cement Mill, was built in or about the year 1784, and fitted up as a grist-mill with the machinery and fixtures of the older mill of Henry Beeson, which stood near the present Gallatin Avenue bridge, and which was then discontinued.
The mill (built, as above mentioned, about 1784) was continued as a grist- and flouring-mill for more than eighty years, but finally, in 1868, was discon- tinned as such, and converted into a mill for the manufacture of hydraulic cement. The old building is in a much better state of preservation than could be expected from its great age.
The flouring-mill of W. & J. K. Beeson, located near the confluence of Campbell's or Beeson's Run and Redstone Creek, is on the site of Nathaniel Mit- chell's old tilt-hammer shop and scythe-factory, which have been mentioned in preceding pages. The prop- erty came into possession of Isaac Beeson, who put in machinery for the manufacture of cement from material quarried on the north side of Campbell's Run. It was operated for this purpose by him and his son Charles until the death of the latter. In 1867 it was sold to Henry R. Beeson, who changed it to a flouring-mill. Afterwards it passed to William Beeson, the present owner.
A woolen-factory was erected on Campbell's Run, on the site of the John Miller tannery, in the south- west part of the borough, and was in operation for some years under the proprietorship of C. C. Hope and others, but was never very successful financially, and was finally destroyed by fire.
The Uniontown Flouring-Mill, now owned and operated by L. W. Reynolds, is the successor of a mill built about 1838 by Mr. Huston, from Maryland. It was afterwards used for several years as a distillery, and was finally destroyed by fire, being at that time the property of Col. Israel Painter. The present flouring-mill was erected by Jacob Murphy and Wil- liam S. Barnes. In 1863 it was purchased by L. O. Reynolds. After his death in 1879 it came into pos-
Drun. Sturgeon
345
UNIONTOWN BOROUGH.
session of his son, Lyman W. Reynolds, its present owner.
The Union Foundry, located at the corner of Mor- gantown and Foundry Streets, was started in 1840 by E. Robinson. In 1861 it passed to the proprietorship of Jaquett & Keffer, hy whom it was operated till October, 1877, when the present proprietor, Mr. Thomas Jaquett, assumed entire charge and manage- ment. The business of the establishment is the man- ufacture of stoves, plows, grates, and castings of nearly every description. The store-room and office of the foundry are located on Morgantown Street.
The Redstone Foundry and Machine-Shop, located on Pittsburgh Street, was established by Richard Mil- ler in the year 1846. Some time afterwards Mr. Mil- ler admitted his son as a partner, and the firm of Miller & Son carried on the business till 1875, when it was succeeded by Henry Delaney. In 1879 the ยท establishment passed to the management of Frank- enberry & Moore, the present proprietors. They manufacture coke-oven fronts, car-wheels, stoves, grates, hollow-ware, and all kinds of castings and light machinery. Their foundery has a capacity of melting and casting about twelve thousand pounds of metal weekly. The building occupied is two stories in height, having a depth of one hundred and ten feet, and width of thirty-six feet. A twenty horse- power engine is used, and a number of skilled work- men are employed.
The planing-mill and wood-working factory of Laughead, Hadden & Co. is the largest and most im- portant of the manufacturing establishments of Union- town. It was built and put in operation in October, 1867, by Fuller, Laughead & Baily. On the 28th of June, 1870, the firm of Fuller, Laughead, Baily & Co. succeeded to the business. In May, 1875, the firm- name of Fuller, Laughead & Co. was adopted. Tbe present firm, composed of James A. Laughead, Thomas Hadden, John W. Sembower, and Dr. Smith Fuller, all members of the old firm with the exception of Hadden, succeeded to the business, adopting the style and title of Laughead, Hadden & Co.
The mill building, fitted up throughout with new and improved machinery, is two stories in height, and covers an area of ground forty by sixty feet. At- tached to this is a wing twenty-two by forty feet. The boiler-house and engine-house are each twenty-two by twenty feet. A forty horse-power engine is used, and from forty to eighty workmen are employed in the manufacture of doors, sash, blinds, etc., and in the BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. erection of buildings, etc. During the past summer this company erected sixty-one buildings. As both the Southwest Pennsylvania and the Baltimore and HON. DANIEL STURGEON. Ohio Railroads pass over the five acres of ground Hon. Daniel Sturgeon, "the Silent Senator," who was born in Adams County, Pa., Oct. 27, 1779, and died at Uniontown, Fayette Co., July 2, 1878, in the owned by the company, they enjoy excellent shipping facilities, and are constantly shipping lumber, etc., to all sections of the country. In connection with their ! eighty-ninth year of his age, was of Scotch-Irish
mill, Messrs. Laughead, Hadden & Co. conduct a general store in a two-story building twenty by seventy feet.
UNIONTOWN GAS-WORKS.
The Uniontown Gas and Water Company was in- corporated by an act passed March 26, 1859. This act was supplemented by one approved April 2, 1868, and in June of the latter year the company was organ- ized, with Dr. Smith Fuller as its president, and T. B. Searight, secretary and treasurer. Dr. Fuller, Col. T. B. Searight, and E. B. Downer were constituted a committee to open books and receive subscriptions. The amount of fifteen thousand dollars was subscribed, and at a meeting of stockholders held on the 10th of July, T. B. Searight, Alfred Howell, J. H. McClellan, E. B. Woods, and Ewing Brownfield were chosen managers, and a constitution and by-laws adopted.
After organization, the subscriptions to the stock not being paid in, John H. Miller, Jr., of Grafton, W. Va., proposed to build gas-works at his own ex- pense, provided the company would transfer its powers and franchises to him. This offer was accepted, and legislation was procured (March 26, 1869) authorizing the transfer to Mr. Miller, with the proviso that he should not charge for gas a price exceeding two dollars and fifty cents per thousand feet, unless he was com- pelled to purchase coal at a price above twelve dollars per one hundred bushels. He soon after built the works (located on the creek near the Broadway bridge) as proposed, and operated them for the manufacture of gas until May 8, 1872, when Eleazer Robinson, of Uniontown, purchased the works. He carried on the business till 1875, when his son, William L. Robinson, assumed charge and still continues to supply gas to the people of Uniontown.
POPULATION.
The population of Uniontown borough by the United States census of 1880 was :
East Ward 1582
West
1683
Total 3265
Since the taking of that census, however, the re- markable business activity and prosperity of the town and surrounding country has brought a corresponding increase in the population of the borough, which at the present time (January, 1882) is estimated to be fully four thousand.
346
HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Presbyterian stock, his grandfather having come from the north of Ireland and settled in Adams County some time early in the eighteenth century. He graduated at Jefferson College, Washington County, and moved to Uniontown in 1810 to study medicine with Dr. Benjamin Stevens, a man of note in his day. After finishing his studies in medicine he commenced practicing his profession in Greensboro', Greene Co., and remained there a year, after which, Dr. Stevens meanwhile dying, Dr. Sturgeon returned to Uniontown to take his place, and went into prac- tice there. He was chosen by his fellow-citizens to represent them in the Legislature of the State in its session of 1819, and was continued in his capacity of representative for three terms. In 1825 he was elected a member of the State Senate, and served in the important position of Speaker during the years 1827-29. His manly bearing and strict integrity of character secured him the post of auditor-general of the State under Governor Wolf in 1830, at which he served for six years. He was State treasurer in the years 1838-39, and was in 1840 elected United States senator for the term commencing March 4, 1839 (the Legislature having failed the session before to elect in consequence of " the Buckshot war"). He was re- elected in 1845, and served till 1851. In 1853 he was appointed by President Pierce treasurer of the United States Mint in Philadelphia, and held that respon- sible trust until 1858, when he retired from public life. Among Dr. Sturgeon's contemporaries in the United States Senate were Webster, Clay, Calhoun, Benton, Wright, Buchanan, William Allen, and Simon Cameron.
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