History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Part 24

Author: Ellis, Franklin, 1828-1885; Evans, Samuel, 1823-1908, joint author
Publication date: 1883
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : Everts & Peck
Number of Pages: 1320

USA > Pennsylvania > Lancaster County > History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men > Part 24

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The convenience of and purity of the water makes this place superior to many others for manufacturing purposes. The boilers are kept from sediment, re- quiring less labor in cleansing, and last much longer.

Pioneer Settlers .- The first settlement dates back prior to the middle of the last century, and in 1761 William Addams, the elder, laid out the town on a general plan, consisting of twenty-eight lots of one acre each, and twenty-nine lots of half an acre each,

and then other lots adjacent, with a street of four perches wide running nearly east and west, and a number of alleys to he fifteen feet wide. This terri- tory. occupies ground along the present Main Street, so as to take in the lots of the present owners, to wit: on the north side from Andrew Gottshalk's to Samuel Miller's, and on the south side from Cyrus Miller's to Abram Raudenbush, Sr., inclusive.

After Mr. Addams had laid out the town and made a general plot or draft thereof he called it " Adams- burry," and entered into a written agreement on the 4th day of July, 1761, with the following-named per- sons as purchasers and occupiers of the several Icta therein designated : Frederick Fernsler, Jacob Balde, Balthazer IIeining, Christopher Smith, Nicholas Fernsler, Nicholas Seltzinger, Abraham Shonauer, Matthias Abber, Matthias Farntzler, Philip Brendel, John Schwartz, Abraham Kern, John Moore, Peter Freisser, Jacob Freisser, Nicholas Yost, Thomas Kern, George Feiser, Philip Heil, Franz Habn, Isaac and Philip Moyer, Christian Richard, Jobo George Shoup, John Stall, Conrad Carroll, Jacob Betz, Peter Negeley, Abraham Kern, Jr., Lorentz Stephan, Cath. Zwalley, Ludwig Herring, Henry Brendel, Ludwig Twinks, Martin Eicholts, Abraham Addams, Christian Hailing, Philip Breidenstein, Isaac Addams, William Addams, Jr., with whom be stipulated to lay out the town aforesaid into sixty lots, with streets and alleys, subject to a yearly ground-rent of sixteen shillings per acre, Pennsylva- nia currency.

Lease of Lots in Adamsburry .- Subsequently, in order to carry out the provisions and true intent of the original agreement, and to provide each ocen- pier with proper titles, the said William Addams and Ann, his wife, by indenture, did grant and confirm unto the said purchasers of lots, their heirs and as- signs forever, the said certain lot of ground as num. bered and described, "situate in (then) Cocalico township, in the county of Lancaster aforesaid, in the town called ' Adamsburry,' with a clause or pro- viso, called ' Memorandum,' that it is covenanted and agreed upon by and between the two parties hereof that the said (purchaser's name), his beirs and assigns, shall, at his or their own proper cost and charges, make, erect, build, and finish on the said premises, within the term of two years from the date hereof, a good, substantial dwelling-house, twenty by sixteen feet at least, with a good chimney of stone or brick, cemented with lime and sand; and, further, that the said (-), his heirs and assigns, shall pay therefor and thereout unto the said William Addams, his heirs and assigns, at the town of Adamsburry, on the twenty-sixth day of June yearly, forever here- after, the rent of sixteen shillings (if the lot contained one acre, and eight shillings when it contained but half an acre), lawful money of Pennsylvania: Pro- vided always, nevertheless, that if the said yearly rent, or any part thereof, shall happen to be behind

1 By Hon. E. Billingfelt.

647

ADAMSTOWN BOROUGH.

and unpaid by the space of sixty days next after any of the days of payment on which the same ought to be paid as aforesaid, that then it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Addams, his heirs and as- signs, or any of them, into the said premises with the appurtenances to enter and distrain for the said yearly rent, and the distress and distresses then and there so found to lead, drive, and carry away and impound, and impounded to detain until the said yearly rent be fully paid and satisfied.

The Addams Family .- William Addams, the founder of Adamstown, died in November, 1772, leaving a widow, Anna, and five sons, named Abra- ham, Samuel, Richard, William, and Isaac, and a daughter married to John Witman. Ile also left con- siderable property in and about the vicinity of Adams- town, consisting of a mill and farming lands, as well as the aforesaid town lots. As early as the 1st of August, A.D. 1739, a patent was issued by the com- monwealth of Pennsylvania to William Bird, an iron- master, for three hundred and fifty-six acres of land, including what was then known as " Addams' Mill," then as now supposed to contain iron ore, and on March 26, 1747, the said William Bird and Bridget, his wife, sold the same to Christopher Witman. The latter and Barbara, his wife, on the 27th day of April, 1749, sold two hundred and forty-six acres thereof unto the said William Addams, who lived out of the town on a portion thereof, and gave lots to his four sons,-Abraham, Samuel, Richard, and William. To Isaac, the youngest, he gave lots Nos. 31, 32, and 61. The first-named three sons afterwards transferred their rights and title to said lots unto their brother William for three hundred and thirty pounds. Isaac also got the mansion farm and one hundred and thirty-seven acres adjoining the village of Adams- town.

William Addams, the founder, was of English, and his wife, Anna, of German descent. Their descend- ants are very numerously found in the counties of Lancaster, Berks, Lebanon, Schuylkill, Dauphin, Cumberland, Perry, and other counties in Pennsyl- vania, as well as in the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illi- neis, Iowa, Missouri, and Oregon.

William Addams, one of the five sons, died in 1774, leaving a widow named Barbara, and a son also named William, who was a minor, to whom he bequeathed the whole of his estate, should he arrive at the age of twenty-one years; but in case of his death before arriving at said age, one-half of his estate should go to his said widow, Barbara, and the remainder to his

four brothers,-Abraham, Samuel, Richard, and Isaac. William, the younger, died in his minority, and Isaac afterwards married Barbara, the widow of his late brother William.

The said Abraham, Samuel, Isaac, and Barbara, on the 19th day of April, A.D. 1810, conveyed all their right, title, and interest in the same unto the said Richard Addams, who died in 1816, leaving a widow named Susannah and eight children, viz .: Mary, intermarried with Rudolph Heberling; Anna, inter- married with Jacob Fliekinger; Margaretta, inter- married with Henry Flickinger ; Susanna, intermar-

John Bechtel; William, who inherited the farm ; Catherine, single woman; Elizabeth, intermarried with Peter Musser. To these named seven daughters was bequeathed all the interests in and to the original ground-rents.

" Provided, further, that if no distress can be found upon said premises, that then it shall and may be lawful to and for the said William Addams, bis heirs | ried with John Fisher; Magdalena, intermarried with and assigns, into all and singular the hereby granted premises with the appurtenances, or into any part thereof, in the name of the whole, wholly to re-enter, and the same to have again, repossess, and enjoy, as if these presents had never been executed."

To William Addams descended the Addams farm (formerly owned by his uncle, Isaac), and by him owned and occupied until 1852, when he died and left it to bis two sons, the Rev. Jacob Addams, deceased, and his brother, Isaac. The latter is still living near Leesport, Berks Co., Pa. The two brothers partitioned the farm, the latter taking the old mansion and part of the land, the former the balance of farm, added to the dwelling he had for- merly built for himself as a residence close by.

But few of the descendants of Richard Addams are now living in the borough, the only ones being Mr. John Musser, retired merchant, who is a grand- son, his sister, Susannah Musser, Jonathan Flick- inger and John Fisher, great-grandsons, and Maggie Billingfelt (wife of E. Billingfelt), a great-grand- daughter.

Isaac Addams, who was the youngest son of the founder of Adamstown, and brother of Richard Addams, lett six sons, viz. : William, who represented Berks County in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Con- gresses; John, who commanded a brigade of the Pennsylvania militia during the war of 1812; Isaac, Samuel, Peter, and Abraham. The latter's daughter, Ann Eliza Addams, married Jacob Beaver, whose son, Gen. James Addams Beaver, the gallant one-legged Union soldier, was the Republican candidate for Governor during the election campaign of 1882. A combination of circumstances brought three candi- dates into the field (two Republicans) for the same office, thus rendering the defeat of Gen. Beaver in- evitable.

Present Owners of Ground-Rents .- The several lots of ground are still sold and held subject to said yearly ground-rent, which is annually collected and paid to the proprietors, successors, or present owners. By will and divers conveyances the proprietary right became vested in Richard Addams, one of the five sons of the founder, and after his decease, which oc- eurred in 1816, his proprietary right was sold at pub- lie sale by his executors, William Addams and Henry

648

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

Flickinger, and bought by Rudolph Heberling, a son-in-law, and the interest therein divided among heirs or daughters of said deceased in equal shares. The said shares were owned in 1883 by the following parties : The heirs of Magdalena Bechtel, deceased, who was a daughter of the said Richard Addams, one share ; the heirs of Anna Flickinger, deceased, also a daughter, one share; Susan Musser, a grand- daughter, three shares; estate of Solomon Regar, deceased, purchaser of Mr. Ileberling's interest, one share; and Frederick T. Zeigler, purchaser of the share formerly owned by Henry Flickinger, Sr., de- ceased, one share.

When incorporated its population numbered three hundred, and in 1880, according to the last census, eight hundred and one.

The territory occupied contains abont three hun- dred acres, and was taken mainly from the township of East Cocalico, the balanee from Breeknock town- ship, Lancaster Co.

Incorporation of the Borough .- The borough of Adamstown was incorporated by a special act of the Legislature April 2, 1850, and is embraced in the fol- lowing survey : Beginning at Adams' Spring, in Berks County, and running N. 594° W. 95.5 perches to Ruth's Spring; thence S. 551º W. 192 perches to Good's Spring; thence S. 513º W. 157 perches to corner of Heft and Regar's land ; thence S. 54° E. 113 perches to a willow-tree standing on the bank of Adamstown Branch of Mnddy Run; thence N. 60[° E. 320 perches to Storie and Gehman's line; thence N. 41º W. 65.2 perches to place of beginning in Berks County.

The act of the Legislature erecting the borough authorized the election of the following borough officers, viz. : One chief burgess, three councilmen, three school directors, one justice of the peace, one constable, one street commissioner, one assessor, two assistant assessors, one auditor, and a board of elec- tion officers. Having secured all the powers and privileges of a borough, the people soon became in- different about borough matters, the anthorities having but limited powers, until the spring of 1875, when a new regime was inaugurated ; application was made to the proper authorities, when the privi- leges allowed by the act of the Legislature of 1851, and a supplement in 1871, was extended tol Adams- town borough, and six councilmen and six school directors and two justices of the peace, instead of three, were to be elected. .

Up to that time, 1875, the borough records give no satisfactory list of officers. Since then they have been as follows :

Br-Rav49, -- 1875-76, William A. Neibel; 1877-78 and 1881, Henry R. Stock ; 1879, Henry Fitchthorne; 1880, Jacob Fitchthorne ; 1882-83, George Bollman.

TOWN COUNCIL,-1875, Jacob Fitchthorne, Benjamin Steffy, Isaac Sow- era, Henry Haller, Sr (only four councilmen this year) ; 1876, Jacob Fitchthorne, Henry H. Miller, Benjamin Steffy, Edward Regar, George Bollman; 1877, Henry Fitchthorne, William M. Krick, Wil-

liam M. Hymau, Edward Regar, David Landis; 1878, David Landis, Joshua Spaeetz. William M. Hyman, Edward Smith, Henry Fitch- thorne; 1879, Edward Regar, Samuel Regar, Benjamin Steffy, An- drew M Gottshall, Edward Smith ; 1880, Andrew M. Gottshall, Wil- liam M Hyman, William R. Stork, William R. Redcay, Jr., Nathan F. Hartman; 1881, Michael Smith, Sr., William F. Regar, Jr , B M. Artz, Cyrus Miller, Benjamin Steffy ; 1882, Henry Bicher, Sammel I. Sloat, John Zerbe, Angu-tus Regar, Richard Trostle, Harrisou Birndel; 1883, Henry Seigfreid, Henry Bucher, David Loralı, Au- gustus Regar, John Zerhe, Richard Trostle.

TOWN CLERK .- 1575-81, W. W. Felter; 1882, Franklin Woods; 1883, S. J. Culdern.

In 1883 the assessor for the borough was William Knauer; assistant assessors were Levi C. Schnader and William Bicher ; Constable, Cyrus Miller; Au- ditor, R. M. Hyman ; Treasurer, Levi C. Schnader.

Educational. - On the 14th day of February, 1814, John Frymeyer and his wife, Catharine, by their in- denture, did grant and confirm unto Henry Flicker- ing and William Addams, and their successors forever, a tract of land situate in Adamstown, "in trust to and for the use and behoof of the inhabitants of Adamstown and its vicinity, and their snecessors, for a site or place for erecting churches and houses of religious worship, school-houses and almshonses, and bnrying-grounds. etc., and the said trustees shall, as soon as conveniently may be, at the cost and expense of the neighbors and those who wish to contribute thereto, erect and build, or canse to be erected and built on the said premises, a house or honses suitable and convenient for keeping or teaching a school for the education of children and grown persons of all de- nominations whatever that may be desirons of being taught there, for which purpose they shall, with the approbation of the neighbors and contributors, and at the expense of those who send children to he taught or choose to be taught themselves, find and provide a good teacher, if such ean conveniently he had, to superintend the school, and shall prevent any other use or occupancy to be made of the lot and premises than what is necessary for the school and teachers for the time being ; and in case of the death or incapacity of the said trustees to act, the neigh- bors and contributors shall choose their successors and fill the vacancies that may arise."

In order to avail themselves of the privileges granted in the aforesaid trust, the citizens of Adams- town and vicinity for miles around, by their assistance and contributions, soon thereafter erected a modest one-story stone school-house, the dimensions being about twenty-five by twenty-five feet, employed a teacher, who was so well patronized that at times the capacity of the building was almost too small to hold all the pupils, during the winter months upwards of seventy being regularly in attendance with but one teacher. The lot upon which the school-house was built being well covered with heavy timber, and coal as fuel not then in use, the larger and older boys of the scholars had to fell trees, eut and split wood between hours, which was used as fuel in a large ten- plated stove of the " George Ege pattern."

649

ADAMSTOWN BOROUGH.

Of the earliest teachers in the school were Messrs. Stillwell, Yerkes, Spayd, McDowell, Lightner, Proud- foot, Zimmerman, Dewees, MeDonough, and others.

In the year 1855 a new two-story stone school- house, thirty by thirty-six feet, was built near the site of the old one, and near the upper end of what is now Broad Street, and two schools established therein. This house gave place in 1878 to a two-story brick structure, which was destroyed by fire early in the morning of Dec. 13, 1881. This building stood a few rods east of its predecessors, and upon the same foun- dation was erected in 1882 the present beautiful two- story school building, containing four well-arranged and well-ventilated school-rooms, three of which are occupied by the schools of the borough, with Frank- lin Wood as principal, assisted by H. W. Harrah and Miss Ida V. Seheats.

The first teachers of the borough schools under the free-school system were Christian Lichty, E. Billing- felt, and Abraham Lutz.

The school directors of the borough for 1852 were Henry Miller, Henry Staufer, and Benjamin E. Shirk. Between that time and 1857 the name of Rev. Benjamin Adams appears as one of the school board.

The borough record furnish the following school directors for the borough :

1857 .- Henry Miller, Benjamin E. Shirk.

1858-59 .- Henry Miller, Benjamin E Shirk, John Mu-ser. 1860-61 .- Henry Miller, Benjamin E Shirk, Henry Fichthorn. 1862 -Henry Miller, Henry Fichthorn.

1863-64 -Henry Miller, Henry Staufer, Henry Fichthorn. 1865-66 -Abrahon Lutz, Henry Stanter. Henry Fichthorn.

1867-74 .- Abraham Lutz, Ludwig T Custer, Henry Fichthorn.

1875-76 .- Abraham Lutz. Ludwig T. Custer, Dr. W. Harvey Hartzell, Richard Regar, Edward H. Coldren, Henry G. Mohn.

1877 .- Abraham Lutz, Ludwig T. Custer, George Bollman, Richard Regar, Edward Hf Coldren, Henry G Mohn.

1878 -George Bullman, E H. Coldren, L. T. Custer, R. Regar, A. Lutz, L. C. Schnader. Mr. Bollman removed from the district, when Dr. A. S. Raudenbush was elected to fill vacancy, nearly one year.

1879 .- Henry Seigfried, E. II Coldren, H. R. Redesy, R. Regar, A. Lutz, L C. Schnader, Mr. Redcay was elected for two years, to fill the vacancy occastuned by the resignation of George Ballman. Mr. Regar resigned, when George Bullmau was elected for one year to fill vacancy.

1880,-W. W. Felter, E. I Coldien, H. R. Redcny, Henry Seigfried, Joshua Spatz. L. C. Schouder. Mr. Seigfried resigned, when Wil- liam K. Manerer was elected to fill vacancy.

1881 .- George Bollman, E. Il. Coldren, Henry Regar, W W. Fetter, Joshua Spatz, and Henry A. Shirk for one year.

1882,-G. Bollman, E. H. Coldren, Henry Regar, W. W. Fetter, Joshua Spatz, Nathan F. Hartman. Mr. Spatz resigned, and II A. Shuk was elected by the board to fill vacancy. Mr Regar resigned, when the bound elected Cyrus Miller for one year. Mr. Hartman removed from the district, when the board elected Withum R. Slote to till vacancy

1883 .- G. Bollman, E. 11 Coldren, II. R. Redeay, Samuel E. Staufer, William II. Klein, I. Witman.

Church of the Evangelical Association .- In the earlier days of Adamstown religious worship was held in the pioneer school-house by itinerant preach- ers and others, and about the year 1840 the Evangeli- eal Association sent their ministers to this place, who frequently held divine service in the school-house,

and soon made such a favorable impression upon many of the inhabitants that many converts were gained for their form of service and the doctrines taught by them. Much has been done in the few in- tervening years to establish true religion in the hearts of many old and young citizens of this town.

This church was organized in 1845, and a stone house of worship erected the same year on a plot of ground on Broad Street, north of Main. Here the congregation continued to worship till 1883, when, on May 31st of that year, the old frame building was taken down and the corner-stone removed.

In 1883 the church and congregation built their present substantial brick edifice, forty-one by eighty feet, on Main Street, at a cost of a little over seven thou- sand dollars. The corner-stone was laid July 7, 1883, by Rev. -- Brown, of Reading, assisted by the pastor. The building committee for the new house of worship was H. G. Mohn, president ; D. R. Redcay, secretary ; II. R. Stork, assistant secretary ; A. C. Snader, treas- urer; and Levi Snader, Joshua Spatz, and A. R. Bollman. The following-named persons comprised the board of trustees in 1883: Joshna Spatz, presi- dent ; II. R. Sloat, secretary ; Allen C. Snader, treas- urer ; and llenry G. Mohn and Levi Snader.

The missionary society of the church was organ- ized in 1882, with the following-named officers : A. R. Bollman, president; H. K. Bucher, vice-president ; S. J. Coldren, secretary ; and Rev. A. Dilaba, pastor of the church.

The Sunday-school dates with that of the church, and is officered as follows: W. W. Fetter, superin- tendent ; Mrs. Agnes Bollman, assistant superintend- ent ; S. J. Coldren, secretary ; A. R. Bollman, assist- ant secretary ; Henry G. Mohn, treasurer ; S. R. Sloat, librarian ; David R. Redeay, assistant librarian ; Sally Bollman, organist; Dora Fitchthorn, assistant or- ganist.

The officers of the Sunday-school Missionary So- ciety for 1883 were W. W. Fetter, president; S. J. Coldren, secretary ; H. G. Mohn, treasurer.

Burial-Places .- In 1769 a plot of ground in what was in after-years the school land was inclosed to be used as a burial-ground, in which many of the older citizens of this town and vicinity lie buried, in- eluding soldiers of the Revolutionary war. After the erection of the Evangelical Church on Broad Street, and a burial-place attached thereto, and the laying out of a new cemetery by Hon. Esaias Billingfelt, ad- joining the Evangelieal burying-ground, no burials have taken place in the old school-house grounds.

Adamstown Council, No. 60, O. U. A. M., was instituted Nov. 4, 1865, with the following-named charter . members: Henry Echtnacht, Samuel Styer, E. IT. Coldren, Henry B. Handel, Benjamin Steffy, Henry R. Redeay, Joseph White, A. S. Raudenbush, William Echlnacht, Henry Stauffer, Edward Smith, Ephraim Haller, Solomon Good, Henry Seigfried, Lewis Lutz, Samuel Prutzman, Jacob Fiehthorn,

650

HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.

Abram Lutz, Jacob Beam, Barney Lutz, John Fitch- thorn, John Artz, Jonathan Swartz, John Schnader, Jacob Kochel, and Samuel Stork.

The first officers of the council were as follows : Councilor, A. S. Randenbush ; V. C., John Fich- thorn ; Rec. Sec., Henry B. Hendel ; Asst. Rec. Sec., Edward Coldren ; Fin. Sec., Abraham Lutz; Treas., Henry Echtenach ; I., Jacob Fichthorn ; Ex., Samuel Styer; I. P., Benjamin Steffy ; O. P., Joseph White; Jr. Ex.C., John Artz.

The following-named members were the committee appointed to draft constitution and by-laws, which were adopted Jan. 25, 1866: Abraham Lutz, Henry B. Hendel, Jacob H. Fichthorn, Samuel Styer, and A. S. Raudenbush, committee.

The regular meetings of the council are held on Thursday evening of each week in its hall, over the store of Feeter & Prutzman. Present membership, eighteen. The present officers (August, 1883) are as follows: C., Samuel R. Sloat; V. C., Henry K. Bucher; R. S., B. M. Artz; F. S., William K. Maurer; Treas., Henry Fichthorn ; I., Jacob Fich- thorn ; I. P., Benjamin Steffy ; (). P., Richard Tros- tle ; Trustees, IIenry Bucher, Benjamin Steffy, and Lewis Lutz.

Post-Office .- Just who the pioneer postmaster was we are unable to say, but probably one of the Addams family. Ilowever, in 1835, Henry Flickinger was the postmaster, and kept the office in his store. For several years prior to 1880 the office was kept in the hotel now kept by M. II. Clark. Nov. 29, 1880, Abra- ham Lutz was appointed postmaster at Adamstown, and at present keeps the office over the store of Suader & Landis.

ABRAHAM LUTZ was born in the village of Reams- town, Lancaster Co., Pa., Aug. 3, 1830, and during his minority he learned the trade of a cabinet-maker in Philadelphia, Pa., and Oct. 9, 1855, he married Miss Fanny Rohrer, of Adamstown borough, Pa., who died in Adamstown, Sept. 27, 1880. From 1852 to 1864 he taught school in Adamstown, and the lat- ter year was appointed an assistant revenne assessor for Lancaster County, in which capacity he served over six years. In 1865 he was elected one of the school directors of Adamstown, and served as such for fifteen years. In 1875 he was elected a justice of the peace, and served one term, five years, after which he was appointed a notary public, which position he resigned to accept the office of postmaster of Adams- town in 1880, which he still holds.

Taverns-Pioneer and Later .- Of old taverns there were three in number, kept many, many years ago. "Redeay's," in early times, was known as Jacob Schwartz's tavern, and kept at present by Morgan II. ('lark. " Rogers'" tavern, now occupied by Nathan S. Hartman as a private residence. "Rohrers' " tavern was in the building now owned by Nicholas Redeay, and occupied as tenements. The fourth tavern was started by Elias Redeay, Sr., who died

thirty-five years ago, and is kept at present by S. W. 3Tiller.

Of these old hostelries, "Redcay's" was the favor- ite for sojourners stopping in town, when on their way from Reading to Lancaster, and among the patron who never passed here without stopping were the McGrannis', McLane's, MeGoverns', and many others.

Among its early proprietors were Jacob Schwartz, Dickinson, Clavenstein, Yerkes; and, in 1820, Elias Redeay bought and kept the same for thirty years, when he sold to Jacob S. Shirk. His, brother, Henry Shirk, became the proprietor, and was succeeded by Benjamin E. Shirk, Samuel Styer, L. H. Evans, John R. Clark, and the present proprietor, Morgan H. Clark.

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History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men, Part 24

Author: Ellis, Franklin, 1828-1885; Evans, Samuel, 1823-1908, joint author Publication date: 1883 Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : Everts & Peck Number of Pages: 1320

Author: Ellis, Franklin, 1828-1885; Evans, Samuel, 1823-1908, joint author
Publication date: 1883
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : Everts & Peck
Number of Pages: 1320