USA > Pennsylvania > Lancaster County > History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania : with biographical sketches of many of its pioneers and prominent men > Part 29
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tionary war, are known to have been buried in this ment. The circuits to which it has belonged have
John Caughey, Sr., Joseph Tweed, R ,bert Bailey, James Thompson, and John McClure.
Also the following, who served in the 1812 war :
John Caughey, Jr., William MeCray, Henry Byre, William Sampson, James McCord, William Boone, Andrew Thompson, and William McClure.
Also the following, who served in the late civil war :
Capt. Samuel Boone, George W. Good, Lewis Find- ley, Lewis Kanghman, Benjamin Young, and Jacob Ritz.
Also Edwin M. Martin, M.D., who served as an as- sistant surgeon in the United States navy from April 12, 1875, until the time of his death, Aug. 20, 1878.
There are no sessional records of Middle Octorara Church previous to the settlement of the Rev. Joseph Barr, in 1823, known to the writer, and hence no definite information can be ascertained in regard to the elders previous to that date. When Mr. Barr en- tered on his ministry the following were elders: John Patterson, Francis McKnight, Alexander Morrison, James Steel. Robert Patterson, Samuel Morrison, and Samnel Paxton. On Sept. 11, 1831, Cornelius Collins, Thomas Morgan, Stephen Heard, Francis Caughey, and Alexander W. Morrison were ordained elders. In 1846, John A. Love, Benjamin Fite, Jacob Ritz, and Robert Ferguson were added to the session ; also the following at various times : William Boone, Thomas Ferguson, Adam Drancker, Peter Baugh-
man, Samuel Ressler, William McElwain, Lewis H. Linville, Hervey Baughman, and Milton Heidle- bangh.
Methodist Episcopal Church at Georgetown.1- A society of the Methodist Episcopal Church was in existence at Georgetown as carly as 1830, and services were regularly held at private residences. Among the first active members were George Rockey, Solo- mon Hamar, and Adam Hess, who was the class- leader.
At a meeting of the Quarterly Conference, held at Columbia, Nov. 24, 1832, for Strasburg and Columbia Circuit, Christopher Masters, Solomon Hamar, and Charles Bender were appointed a committee to esti- mate the expense of building a house of worship on James Caldwell's land, near Georgetown.
They proceeded to erect the church, which was completed and dedicated in 1833. It was a stone structure, with a seating capacity of two hundred and forty. The dedicatory services were performed by Thomas Miller, who was preacher in charge. It was named Salem Methodist Episcopal Church. They made a graveyard on this church lot. This house continued in use until 1876, when it was taken down, and the present church edifice was erected on its site. This is a frame building forty-five by sixty-five feet, including two convenient class-rooms. It cost about four thousand dollars.
This society has always been a circuit appoint-
been altered from time to time as changing cirenm- stances have required. In 1830 it was under the charge of Strasburg Circuit, and the circuit preachers were David Best and Nathaniel Chew ; in 1831-32 it was included in Strasburg and Columbia Circuit, and the circuit preacher, were Thomas Miller, Elipha- let Reed, Richard Thomas, Robert E. Morrison, and John Edwards; in 1533 it was connected with Sou- dersburg Circuit and the circuit preachers Thomas Miller and William Ryder. Ministers have since served this society, viz. : Revs. John Lednom, R. E. Morrison, John Edwards, J. A. Watson, R. Ander- son, Dallas D. Lore, E. R. William,, G. Oram, Val- entine Gray, Jonas Bissey, Samuel Grace, G. D. Car- row, Henry Sutton, Allen John, William Rink, J. B. Dennison, Charles HTarsner, G. W. Lybrand, W. W. Michael, B. T. String, J. C. Wood, Alex. Wiggins, J. Aspril, Williant Downey, J. Amthor, J. A. Cooper, E. C. Yerkes, L. D. MeClintock.
This society is now associated with the churches of Gap and Christiana. These three constitute George- town and Gap Cireuit, and have for their minister Rev. L. D. MeClintock. This church has generally been prosperous. Its membership at present is one hundred and twenty. There is a flourishing Sunday- school, of which Johnson Ryan is superintendent. The trustees are Peter Pickel, William Phenegar,
1 Prepared by Rev. L. D. MeClintock.
669
BART TOWNSHIP.
Jesse McAllister, Seth Thomas, David L. Keiser, Samuel H. Townsend, John F. Leech, Samnel Helin, Thomas Williams.
Protestant Episcopal Church at Gap Mines.1- May 4, 1856, on invitation from Capt. John Williams, Capt. Charles Doble, and others, Rev. Dr. B. B. Kil- likelly, rector of All Saints' Church, Paradise, and Christ Church, Leacock, Lancaster Co., Pa., held evening service, and preached in the carpenter shop at Gap Mines. This and subsequent meetings for divine worship in the carpenter-shop led to and re- sulted in a business meeting, held Aug. 26, 1856, at the residence of Capt. Williams, when it was an- nounced that the Gap Mining Company had offered to donate a lot of two aeres of land, eligibly situated for a church and graveyard ; and it was then decided that Gap Mining Company's offer be accepted, and that trustees be appointed to solicit subseriptions for the building of the said church, whereupon the fol- lowing-named per-ons were duly appointed, viz., Dr. B. B. Killikelly, of Paradise; James Hopkins, of Gap; Adam K. Witmer, of Paradise ; Francis Lytle, of Bart; John Showaker, of Bart; and Capt. Wil- liams, of Gap Mines.
At a meeting of the trustees, held Aug. 26, 1856, Capt. Williams was elected president, and Francis Lytle, secretary ; and at the same meeting Dr. Killi- kelly and John Showaker were added to the number of trustees, to form with them a building committee.
The building committee, encouraged by the favor the enterprise met with, concluded to build the church of stone, thirty by sixty feet, after the early English pointed style.
On Sept. 14, 1857, the corner-stone was laid in the presence of about five hundred persons; and on Dec. 25, 1857, the building, although uncompleted, was so far advanced as to allow of divine service being cele- brated in it, which was accordingly done by the Rev. Dr. Killikelly.
On April 5, 1858, Easter Monday, the organization of a parish, according to the rites and usages of the . attendance, eighty. Officers of the Sunday-school, Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States of . John Hocking, superintendent ; Thomas H. Webb, North America, to be known as the parish of Grace librarian ; and Capt. Doble, secretary and treasurer. Free Church, Gap Mines, Lancaster Co., Pa., was Settlers in Bart .-- The following were inhabitants of Bart from 1751 to 1758 inclusive : completed, and the following seven persons were duly elected vestrymen, to serve one year from that time, Arthur Andrews. Samuel Coulter. viz., John Showaker, John Williams, Francis Lytle, John Brown. John Common. William W. Withers, George Pogson, David Simp- Jaunes Breadley. William Downing. son, and James Martin. John Showaker and John Felix Banghman. Samuel Dunlap. Wilham Prison, William Denny. Williams were elected church wardens, and James Hugh Bartley. George Denen. Martin secretary of the vestry. On the same day the Jacob Bayor. Robert Duskin. vestry duly elected the Rev. Dr. B. B. Killikelly rec- John Bayein. William Enken. Robert Boinside. Robert Henning. tor of the church and parish. John Coulter. Thomas Feling.
On Sept. 27, 1858, the church being completed and furnished, was dedicated by the Right Rev. Samuel Bowman, D.D., assistant bishop of the diocese of Pennsylvania, the wardens and vestry assuming the
outstanding debts against the church so that the church could be consecrated. Those debts were soon after paid off.
John Showaker, a vestryman and warden, who had been so instrumental in the building of the church, was the first to be laid in the new graveyard. He was buried there on Dec. 1, 1859.
On Nov. 10, 1860, a charter for the church was ob- tained from the Lancaster County court.
Besides the before-named vestrymen the following- named persons of the neighborhood have been vestry- men at some period since the organization of the parish, viz. : Levi 1. Fogle, E. W. Coffin, John Hey- berger, Esq., James Greer, Joseph Donoghue, Wil- liam Nelson, William C. Lytle, Leonard Pickel, J. William Showaker, Isaac Smith, John Leech, Jr., and John M. Rutter.
The original members were C'apt. John Williams and wife, Davis Simpson and wife, John Showaker, Miss Jane Gossner, James Martin, William W. Withers, Miss Ann Withers, Mrs. Franeis Lytle, George Pogson and wife, and possibly one or two others.
The following have been the rectors : Rev. Dr. B. B. Killikelly (from the beginning to 1863), Rev. William A. White, Rev. Mr. Ash, Rev. Mr. Brouse (from 1872 to 1875), Mr. Burrows (from 1875 to 1879), Rev. Henry C. Pastorius, and from 1879 to the present time, Rev. J. MeAlpine Harding.
The present vestrymen are John Hoeking, Henry Conner, Samnel A. Hughes, Esq., Thomas H. Webb, Christian J. Rapp, John B. Murray, and Capt. Charles Doble. The wardens are Christian J. Rapp and Capt. Doble; Secretary, John Hoeking; Treasurer, Capt. Doble.
The church was built by voluntary contributions, and it is free of debt. Seating capacity, two hundred. Pews free. Value, two thousand dollars. Services, alternate Sundays in the afternoon. Sunday-school is held in the church six months in each year ; average
Nathaniel Coulter. Matthew Gray.
Hugh Coulter.
John Gray.
John Cuakle.
James. Gray.
Jolın Caır.
David Hinnah.
Neul Cammel.
Hieronymus Heckman.2
Francis C'usey.
Henry Heidelbough.
: Who married a daughter of old Matthias Slaymaker.
1 By Capt, Charles Doble.
HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.
Benry Heckman.
Patrick MeTire.
James Henry.
Henry Miller.
Patrick Henry.
Pady McCherry.
-
Jacob Hick mau.
John MeCarter.
James Harvey. James Huston.
Francis Neaff.
Gabriel Holmes.
Henry Null. William Noble.
Samuel Jenkins.
Owen O'Ned.
Samuel Kyle.
Samuel Paxton.
Donnken Kanun.
Andrew Paxton.
Thomas Kanady.
John Paxton.
Daniel Kanady.
John l'al.
Thomas Luckey.
Samnel Ramsey.
Lawrence Liskey.
Robert Ramsey.
George Leonard.
Thomas Ramsey.
-
The following is a list of non-associators that were assessed three pounds ten shillings each in 1777 :
Jacob Beare. Robert Hall.
Martin Beare.
James Hannah.
Jacob Benre, Jr. George Oatman.
Henry Kunkle.
Jobn Rusel.
George Kunkle.
John Shraver
Martin Moura.
Thomas Smith,
Mike More.
William Stuart.
Samuel Downing.
Peter Sides.
Alexander Mays.
John Shannon.
John Grittith.
Juines Turner.
Martin Miller.
Matthew Sevy.
Adam Guysanger. Henry Work.
Davul Wait. John MeClure.
Henry Hoke.
David Sterat.
Taxables in 1782 were as follows :
Jacob Beare (thice stills).
Conrad Freeman.
Marun Beate (two slills). James Fulton.
John Brare.
Stoppel Frawley.
Jacob Berylton (two stills).
John Glass.
Abrain Beam (one still).
James Gween.
Felix Boughman.
Simon Ghost.
Willium Brown.
Leonard Ghost.
l'eter Barkman.
Joseph Grithth. Adam Gissinger.
Stoppel Bereley.
Henry lloke.
Henry Bartholomew.
David Hair.
George Boughman.
Robert Hall.
Henry Bonghiman.
John Hood.
Cinist. Black.
Henry Hersh.
Nathan Coulter (one still).
Henry Hedlebangh.
Yost Cremer (ono still).
Caleb Hartuar.
Julin Cunckle.
James Haney.
Francis Canghey.
William Hood.
Hugh Coulter.
Henry Keen.
William Mechan.
John McKee,
Ernst Cusicker.
William Keley.
John Carı.
Widow Latta.
Joli Caldwell.
John Lagets.
William McClure.
Jacob Lottman.
John R. Cuthbertson.
Michael Lingerfield.
Juhu bintk.
Jumues Leach.
Martin Cocherspire.
James MeGomry.
Pan. Cosen.
James Miller.
Mutk MeC'ord.
John Maben.
William MeConnal.
Auron Mour.
John Dowlin.
Denis Mackey.
Archibald McDowell.
Millinger Milchor.
Walter Davis.
Francis Mcknight.
William Downing.
Henry Nool.
James Duucan.
Henty Nool, Jr.
Sammel MeDowell.
Peter Oatman (two stills).
John MeGrath.
John Paxton.
Hierony mus Eck man.
Daniel MeCready.
Robert Erwin.
ulomon Ritz.
Adam Johiston.
ohu Ramsey.
'enry Rocky, Jr.
John Kiwin. Andrew Franck.
imes Rubery aud Brother.
Robert Fulls.
Oseph Ros8.
Andrew Work, Esq., was elected county commis- sioner in 1744, and sheriff in 1749-50. He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1756, and he commanded a company of associators in the French and Indian war. Ile was a magistrate till 1793. Ile was probably well advanced in years at the time of the Revolutionary war, or he would have taken a more active part in the struggle. Samuel Ramsey, of Bart, was his lieutenant in 1756, and John McCarter, of the same township, was his ensign. In 1758 there were also Samuel, John, and Alexander Work, prob- ably brothers of Andrew, George Warfel, David Wales, Jolin Witmore, Joseph Walker, Conrad Waltz, Jacob Waggoner, George White, James Willson, David Watson, James Wilson, Matthew Young.
In 1750, James Snodgrass died, leaving children,- William, Ann, Sarah, Elizabeth, Mary, James. The same year Alexander Snodgrass left children, - William, James, Robert, Alexander, and Thomas.
In 1784, Hieronymus Eekman left children,- John Martin, Barbara, Eve, Jacob, Hieronymus, Magdalena, and Esther.
In 1787, James Miller left children, Eleanor and Andrew.
In addition to these it appears that the following were residents of the township, or owned land therein : John Kyle, prior to 1730; Samuel Kyle, 1742; Leonard File, James Money, Thomas Cooper, Calvin Cooper, Samuel Tatta, William Slaymaker, 1744; William Downing, before 1747, in which year he built a mill ; Felix Baughman, the original pat-
entee of six hundred acres around Georgetown; William McClure, the great-grandfather of Joseph McClure, near Green Tree inn, 1750; John Noble, William Laughlin, Josiah Kern, Alexander Mc- Dowell, Alexander Works, William Brasson, Thomas Smith, James Laughlin, Alexander Gallutly, Joseph Miller, James Miller, Henry Eckman, Jacob Eck- man, 1753; Abraham Behm, Jacob Behm, 1757; Ben- jamin Graff, 1768; Samuel Johnson, 1769; Patrick Ewing, a justice of the peace in 1777, and in 1784 elected a councilor ; Gottlieb Hartman, Rev. John Sipith, John Culbertson, 1780; William Richardson, Andrew Miller, 1790; Robert Risk, George Millart, 1807.
Jacob Losey.
Robert Rumsey (maltster).
James Laskey.
Daniel Reed.
William MeCInre.
William Richardson.
Archibald McDowell.
John Richardson.
James McClure.
Andrew Russel.
Wilbam Mailing.
llenry Rockey.
John McCarter.
David Shearer,
Moses MeCarter.
Peter Shearer.
Abraham MeWilliams.
Peter Sides.
Jacob Mire.
Peter Shortes.
Isaiah McBride.
Widow Scott.
George Morrow.
Michael Trout.
James Mliller.
Robert Templeton.
Samuel Moore.
Thomas Toppin.
James MeCowen.
Martin Bord.
Ernest hisaker. Robert Stewart.
Richard Ivers.
Francis MeBude.
671
BART TOWNSHIP.
Henry Rockey.
John Spenre. John Smith.
John Ramsey.
Agness Richardson & Son.
Frederick Still.
Archibalil MeReady. Robert Ramsey & Son.
John Shannon.
Widow Ramsey. George Rockey. John Russell.
Jacob Whistler.
Conrad Riese.
James Wilson.
Henry War field.
Jobn Richards. George Rickerts.
Audrew Work.
David Shrater.
Edward Wahuz.
Peter Sides.
Jacob Young.
Freenten.
William Ilunkle.
Andrew Hall.
George Hunkle.
Joseph Whelcb.
William Ramsey.
Francis Leland.
John Thompson.
Samuel Downing.
Henry Eckman.
John Camble.
l'eter Sides.
Samuel Mccartney.
William Speare.
Robert Wilson.
Alexander McBride
James Thompson.
Sammuel Shanon.
John Cochinn.
The justices of the peace eleeted in the township of Bart since 1840 have been :
1840. John Kidd. James Caldwell.
1865. John M. Heybergor. William S. Ferree.
1867. George Whitson.
1845. John Kidd. James Caldwell.
1870 Samuel A. Inghes.
1850. James Caldwell.
1872. George Whitson.
1851. Robert Evans.
1875. Samuel A. Hughes.
1855. William S. Ferree.
1877. Hemy Banghman.
Isaac Sharp.
1880. Samuel A. Hughes.
1860. Julin M. Heyberger.
1882. Harvey Baughman.
William S. Ferree.
Georgetown.1-This town was laid out in 1819 by Samuel Ferguson, who was then the owner of three hundred aeres of land here, thirty of which he laid out in town lots, which he disposed of by lottery. The shares or tickets in this lottery were sold at sixty dollars each, and there were no blanks to be drawn. The two grand prizes were the tavern-house and lot, valued at three thousand dollars, and a lot on the opposite corner, where now is the residence of James P. Russel, on which there was a blacksmith- shop, valued at three hundred dollars.
There were then in the town nine dwellings, three of which were hotels or licensed taverns, and two stores. The place bore the undesirable and inelegant name of Hardscrabble, by which it was known during many years. The Hardserabble Fair was at that time a great institution, usually commeneing on the first Thursday in August and continuing three days.
The town has had a gradual steady growth, and it now has forty dwelling-houses, some of them double, forty-nine families, and one hundred and ninety in- habitants.
The following are the business establishments in the town: Atkins & Palmer, general merchandise and drugs ; William S. Ferree, general merchandise ; James P. Russel, variety and confectionery-store ; Benjamin Fritz, hotel; Charles Quigley and William Starret, blaeksmiths; Joseph Scott, wagon-maker;
Solomon Hamer and George Pogson, shoemakers ; Rea Chamberlin, saddler; Ellis P. Moore, dentist and printer ; John Martin and Jerome Keeley, physi- cians; Jesse MeColester, tailor ; Samuel A. Hughes, justice of the peace. The town has two well-kept schools, and it is a pleasant country village.
Nickel-Mines .- This hamlet, one and a half miles north from Georgetown, has been spoken of in the history of the mines. Bartville, in the southern part, near the line between Bart and Colerain, has a store and a few hou-es. Nine Points, so named from the convergence of several roads at that point, is in the southeastern part, and in addition to a collection of dwellings, there is a store there. Mount Pleasant is, as its name indicates, a pleasant and thriving hamlet.
Green Tree .- When and by whom Green Tree Inn was built is not certainly known. The first patentee of the land at that time was George Leonard, who on the 6th of November, 1739, took up one hundred and four aeres. This he sold to James McConnell Nov. 12, 1742. It afterward became the property of John MeCarter, who sold a part of it, with other par- cels of land, to James Parry. In 1763 Mr. Parry sold to Thomas and William Smith. These gentle- men, who had been the owners of Martie furnace, laid out a town here ealled, after them, Smithsburg. The town ineluded nineteen acres, and was shaped like a boot, with the toe pointing up along the east side of the run at that place. James Fulton, a son- in-law of Mr. Smith, and afterward the father of the famous Robert Fulton, became a purchaser from Mr. Smith, and in 1764 he sold to Robert Thompson, of Bart, a shopkeeper, after whom it was for a time called Thompsontown. No vestige of the town is to be seen, but the old inn remains with but little change, a veritable relie of the long ago. The quaint old sign-board, with the original device, a tree in full foliage, painted thereon, still invites the weary way- farer to rest beneath the roof that has been a shelter for travelers during probably a century and a half. One or two mechanic shops are near the inn, and the township elections have long been held there.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
JAMES JACKSON.
James Jackson was born in Londonderry township, Chester Co., Pa., on the 16th of the fourth month (April), 1805. Ile was the descendant, in the sixth generation, from first, Anthony Jackson, who was born in Eccleston, parish of St. Michael, Lancashire, Eng- land, about the beginning of the second quarter of the seventeenth century, settled with an elder brother, Richard, in 1649, in Lurgan, Province of Ulster, Ireland.
1 By William S. Ferree, Esq.
Patrick Sloan. Peter Shirts.
Widow Thompson.
672
HISTORY OF LANCASTER COUNTY.
Second, Isaac Jackson, born in 1665, married Ann, daughter of Rowland Evans, County of Wicklow, Feb. 29, 1696 (O. S.), emigrated to America in 1725, settled at Harmony Grove Farm, near West Grove village, Chester Co., and died in 1750, aged eighty- six years. Isaac and Ann Jackson had ten children, viz. : Rebecca, Thomas, I-aac (Ist), Alice, William, Mary, James, Isaac (2d), John, and Isaac (3d).
Third, William Jackson, fifth child above, born Feb. 24, 1705, married, Sept. 9, 1783, Katharine, daughter of James and Katharine Miller, members of Tunahoe Meeting of Friends in Ireland. William died Nov. 24, 1785, aged eighty years. His wife died April 12, 1781. Ile is described as a man of "in- dustry, frugality, and unswerving integrity."
Fourth, James Jackson, born Nov. 3, 1736, married Mary, daughter of Joseph and Susanna ( Miller) Jackson, June 19, 1760, who was born March 27, 1738, died Aug. 30, 1812. James died April 11, 1817.
Fifth, Josiah Jackson, born Jan. 17, 1773, married Mary, daughter of Caleb and Ruhaney Sharpless, of Christiana Hundred, Del., Jan. 30, 1799, who was born Ang. 26, 1777, and died March 26, 1817.
Sixth, James Jackson, subject of this sketch. On his mother's side he was a lineal descendant of John and Ann Sharpless, who left England on account of religious persecution, being followers of George Fox, as were also the Jacksons. They landed at Upland, now Chester, Pa., on the 14th of sixth month, 1682 (O. S.). Taking their few effects, they wended their way up Ridley Creek about a mile and a half, and built their cabin in the wilderness, against a large rock. He took up a large tract of land, most of which after the lapse of two hundred years is still owned by the Sharpless family. Josiah Jackson, father of James, died when the latter was but twelve years of age. His mother being a woman of energy and perseverance, took upon herself the charge of the homestead, some- what encumbered with debt, kept her boys at work, sending them to school only a few weeks in the winter season, and as they arrived at what she thought a suitable age, had them apprenticed to learn trades, much, however, against the wishes of her son James, whose strong inclination and desire was to study law, with a view eventually of following that profession ; but being overruled in his wishes by his mother, he was sent to Dupont's Bank to learn the trade of a fuller, or woolen manufacturer. The society into which he was thus thrown would have wrecked many characters, as it was one in which hard drink was the custom ; but his "Jackson firmness" preserved him, and after serving his time as an apprentice, and re- maining a short time as a journeyman, he visited home for a few months, and returned again to the factory, but not to tarry long, for scarcely had be commenced work, when he was called upon to furnish money to treat all the hands in the mill. Giving the money, he left his loom and resigned his place, where-
upon the foreman said to him, "Jackson, I know what is the matter, I cannot keep a sober man in the mill."
Afterthis he bought a part of his mother's farm, and erected thereon a small factory, in which he carried on business a few year-, during which time he mar- ried Abigail Rakestraw, daughter of Thomas and Mary ( Lippincott) Rakestraw, 8th month 20th, 1829. Her father was the grandson of Anthony Rakestraw, who emigrated from Wales. Her mother was of English extraction, her ancestry being traced back to the Lippincotts, who were also Friends and left England hoping to find religious liberty in the colony of Massachusetts; but during the terrible persecu- tions of the Friends there they returned to the mother-country, but afterwards tried their fortunes in the New World in New Jersey, about the time of the settlement of Pennsylvania.
Mr. Jackson continued to carry on the factory about two years after his marriage, but it not agreeing with his health to work in the mill, he sold his small farm and factory, and bought a much larger farm adjoin- ing, where he pursued the business of agriculture' until 1841, when he moved to Bart township, Lancas- ter County, settling on the farm now owned by his son, James J. Jackson. Here for a number of years he carried on the Jime business, also improved his farm, and erected thereon a full set of farm buildings.
In the year 1872 he built for himself a new house on the part of his farm now owned by his daughter, Lydia F. Jackson, where he lived till his death, 4th month 6th, 1881. His wife died 9th month 3d, 1881. They were buried at the Bart Meeting-House burying- ground.
Ile was a recommended minister in the Society of Friends, was very liberal in his belief, subscribed to no ereeds, dogmas, or traditions inconsistent with reason or philosophy. ITis was an every-day religion, such as Jesus taught, consisting rather in good works than in mysterious theories, that the profound- est intellect cannot unravel. He was one of the early abolitionists, and his door was always open to the flying fugitive, whom he would help on his way to a place of safety. In 1852, during the excitement attending the "Christiana Riot," he was indieted for high treason, though he was not on the ground dur- ing the fight, but went there after hearing the reports of the guns., Through the leniency of the marshal, Anthony B. Roberts, he was never arrested, but his family suffered great annoyances, the house being twice searched by bands of roughs who were hunting for colored men he had had in his employ, and they often knew that spies were watching them. He was opposed to all war, was a strong advocate of temper- ance, not much of a politician, but, if he did vote, he was first a Whig and afterwards a Republican. As a money-loaner he was cautious, but very conscientious, never taking a bonus from any one, but often loaning his money below the legal rate. No man in his
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