USA > Pennsylvania > Lehigh County > History of Lehigh county, Pennsylvania and a genealogical and biographical record of its families, Vol. I > Part 17
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"ROBT. H. MORRIS."
Franklin and James Hamilton arrived at Eas- ton on December 29, 1755, and William Par- sons was appointed Major of the troops raised in Northampton county, as is shown by the fol- lowing letter :
ORDERS TO CAPTS. MARTIN & CRAIG
1755.
Easton, 29 December, 1755. "SIR:
"As I think it will be for the Good of the Service in general that the Troops raised in the County of Northampton, should be under the Care and Superintendence of a Field Officer, I have with that View in virtue of the power granted me, appointed William Parsons, Es- quire, to be Major of the said Troops. You are therefore to observe and follow all such orders and directions as you shall from time to time receive from him, touching the Marches or other Service of the Company, under your im- mediate Command. Anything in your Commis- sion or Instructions to the contrary notwith- standing.
"I am, Sir, "Your most h. s. "J. HAMILTON."
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FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
Franklin was selected to direct the erection of a fort above the gap in the Lehigh and left for Bethlehem, from which place he wrote to the Governor, as follows:
BENJ. FRANKLIN TO Gov. 1756. Bethlehem, Jany. 14, 1756.
"SIR:
"As we drew near this Place we met a Num- ber of Waggons, and many People moving off with their Effects and Families from the Irish Settlement and Lehi Township, being terrified by the Defeat of Hay's Company, and the Burn- ings & Murders committed in the Township on New Year's Day. We found this Place fill'd with Refugees, the Workmen's Shops and even Cellars being crowded with Women & Chil- dren; and we learnt that Lehi Township is al- most entirely abandoned by the Inhabitants. Soon after my arrival here, the principal Peo- ple of the Irish Settlement, as Wilson, elder Craig, &c, came to me and demanded an Ad- dition of 30 Men to Craig's Company, or threat- 'ned they would immediately one and all leave that Country to the Enemy. Hay's Company was reduc'd to 18 Men, (and those without Shoes, Stockings, Blankets or Arms,) partly by the Loss at Gnadenhütten, and partly by De- sertion. Trump and Aston had made but slow Progress in building the First Fort, complain- ing for want of Tools, which it was thought the People in these Parts might have Supply'd them with. Wayne's Company we found posted at Nazareth agreeable to your Honour's Orders. I immediately directed Hays to compleat his Company, and he went down to Bucks County with Mr. Beatty, who promised to assist him in Recruiting. His Lieutenant lies here lame with frozen Feet, and unfit for Action; But the Ensign with the 18 Men is posted among the Present Frontier Inhabitants to give some Satisfaction to the Settlement People, as I re- fus'd to increase Craig's Company .. In my turn, I have threaten'd to disband or remove the companies already posted for the Security of par-, ticular Townships, if the People would not stay on their Places, behave like Men, do something for themselves, and assist the Province Soldiers. The Day after my Arrival here, I sent off 2 Waggons loaded with Bread, and some Axes for Trump & Aston, to Nazareth, escorted by Lieut. Davis, and the 20 Men of McLaughin's that came with me; I ordered him to remain at Nazareth to guard that Place while Capt. Wayne whose Men were fresh proceeded with the Convoy. To secure Lyn and Heidelberg Township, whose Inhabitants were just on the
Wing, I took Trexler's Company into Pay, (he had been before commission'd by Mr. Hamil- ton) and I commission'd Wetterholt, who com- manded a Watch of 44 Men before in the Pay of the Province, ordering him to compleat his Company. I have also allow'd 30 Men to se- cure the Township of Upper Smithfield, and commission'd Van Etten and Hinshaw as Cap- tain and Lieutenant. And in order to execute more speedily the first Design of erecting a Fort near Gnadenhütten to compleat the Line and get the Rangers in Motion, I have rais'd another Company under Capt. Charles Foulk, to join with Wayne in that Service; and as Hays I hear is not likely soon to recruit his Company, I have ordered Orndt to come up from Rockland in Bucks County to strengthen this Part of the Province, convoy Provisions, &c. to the Com- pany, who are and will be at work over the Mountains, and quiet the Inhabitants who seem terrified out of their Senses.
"The Arms & Blankets wrote for to New York are not yet arriv'd; but I hear that 100 Guns & 150 Blankets are on the Road, sent me by Mr. Colden; those of Mr. Walton's being sold before. I have consulted Mr. Parsons, and if the Waggons come to-Day, it is proposed that I proceed to-morrow with Wayne's Company, which is return'd, Foulk's, and the 20 Men of McLaughlin's to Gnadenhütten, to lay out the intended Fort, and endeavor to get it dispatch'd. Capt. Wayne tells me that Trump expects the first Fort will be finished next Week; I hope to get this done as soon, having more Tools, tho' at this Season it seems to be fighting against Nature. But I imagine 'tis absolutely neces- sary to get the Ranging Line of Forts compleated that the People may be secur'd as soon as possible in their Habitations, and the internal Guards and Companies dismissed, otherwise the Ex- pence & Loss to the Province will be intoler- able.
"I want much to hear the Event of the pro- posed Treaty, and the Determination your Hon- our and the Commissioners may have come to, for the Encouragement of Volunteer Scalping Parties.
"I am, with dutiful Respect, Sir, "BENJAMIN FRANKLIN."
"Govr. Morris.
"P. S .- If you should think fit to pass the Regulars at Easton & in Smithfield Township, I think they would be of use there, & so far on their Way to Albany, when they are to re- turn in the Spring."
In addition to the official report made by Franklin, showing how he was gradually bring-
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HISTORY OF LEHIGH COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
ing order out of chaos, we have also his private account in his autobiography of what took place at Bethlehem and how, in person, he went to Gnadenhütten and superintended the erection of Fort Allen. In his usual modest way he says:
"While the several companies in the city and country were forming, and learning their ex- ercise, the Governor prevailed with me to take charge of the northwestern frontier, which was infested by the enemy, and provide for the defence of the inhabitants by raising troops, and building a line of forts. I undertook this mili- tary business, though I did not conceive myseli well qualified for it. He gave me a commis- sion with full powers, and a parcel of blank commissions for officers, to be given to whom I thought fit. I had but little difficulty in raising men, having soon five hundred and sixty under my command. My son, who had in the preceding war been an officer in the army raised against Canada, was my aid-de-camp and of great use to me. The Indians had burned Gnadenhütten, a village settled by the Mora- vians, and massacred the inhabitants; but the place was thought a good situation for one of the forts. In order to march thither, I as- sembled the companies at Bethlehem, the chief establishment of those people. I was surprised to find it in so good a posture of defence; the destruction of Gnadenhütten had made them apprehend danger. The principal buildings were defended by a stockade; they had pur- chased a quantity of arms and ammunition from New York, and had even placed quantities of small paving stones between the windows of their high stone houses, for their women to throw them down upon the heads of any In- dians that should attempt to force their way into them. The armed brethren too kept watch, and relieved each other on guard methodically as in any garrison town. In conversation with the bishop, Spangenberg, I mentioned my sur- prise ; for knowing they had obtained an act of parliament exempting them from military duties in the colonies, I had supposed they were con- scientiously scrupulous of bearing arms. He answered me, 'That it was not one of their established principles; but at the time of their obtaining that act it was thought to be a prin- ciple with many of their people. On this oc- casion, however, they, to their surprise, found it adopted by but few.' It seems they were either deceived in themselves, or deceived the parlia- ment; but common sense, aided by present dan- ger, will sometimes be too strong for whimsical opinions.
"It was the beginning of January, 1756, when we set out upon this business of building forts.
I sent one detachment towards the Minisink, with instructions to erect one for the security of that upper part of the country; and another to the lower part with similar instructions; and I concluded to go myself with the rest of my forces to Gnadenhütten, where a fort was thought more immediately necessary. The Mo- ravians procured me five wagons for our tools, stores, baggage, &c. Just before we left Bethle- hem, eleven farmers, who had been driven from their plantations by the Indians, came to me re- questing a supply of fire arms, that they might go back and bring off their cattle. I gave them each a gun with suitable ammunition. We had not marched many miles before it began to rain, and it continued raining all day. There were no habitations on the road to shelter us, till we arrived near night at the house of a German, where, and in his barn, we were all huddled together as wet as water could make us. It was well we were not attacked in our march for our arms were of the most ordinary sort, and the men could not keep the locks of their guns dry. The Indians are dextrous in their con- trivances for that purpose, which we had not. They met that day the eleven poor farmers above mentioned, and killed ten of them; the one that escaped informed us that his and his companions' guns would not go off, the priming being wet with the rain. The next day being fair, we continued our march, and arrived at the desolate Gnadenhütten; there was a mill near, round which were left several pine boards, with which we soon hutted ourselves; an opera- tion the more necessary at that inclement season, as we had no tents. Our first work was to bury more effectually the dead we found there, who had been half interred by the country people; the next morning our fort was planned and marked out, the circumference measuring four hundred and fifty-five feet, which would require as many palisades to be made, one with another of a foot diameter each. Each pine made three palisades of eighteen feet long, pointed at one end. When they were set up, our carpenters built a platform of boards all round within, about six feet high, for the men to stand on when to fire through the loop holes. We had one swivel gun, which we mentioned on one of the angles, and fired it as soon as fixed, to let the Indians know, if any were within hearing, that we had such pieces; and thus our fort (if that name may be given to so miserable a stock- ade) was finished in a week, though it rained so hard every other day that the men could not well work.
"This kind of fort, however contemptible, is a sufficient defence against Indians who had no
85
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
cannon. Finding ourselves now posted secure- ly, and having a place to retreat to on occasion, we ventured out in parties to scour the adjacent country."
Franklin's official report of January 26th, and personal letter to Gov. Morris of January 25th, which give more minute details of the fort, were as follows:
"Fort Allen, at Gnadenhütten, Jan. 25, 1756. "Dear Sir :
"We got to Hays' the same Evening we left you, and reviewed Craig's Company by the Way. Much of the next morning was spent in exchanging the bad arms for good-Wayne's Company having joined us. We reached, how- ever, that night to Uplinger's, where we got into good Quarters.
"Saturday morning we began to march to- wards Gnadenhütten, and proceeded near two miles; but it seeming to set in for a rainy day, the Men unprovided with great Coats, and many unable to secure, effectually, their Arms from the wet, we thought it most advisable to face about and return to our former Quarters, where the Men might dry themselves and lie warm; whereas, had they proceeded they would have come in wet to Gnadenhütten where Shel- ter and Opportunity of drying themselves that night was uncertain. In fact it rain'd all day and we were all pleased that we had not pro- ceeded. The next Day being Sunday, we march'd hither, where we arrived about 2 in the afternoon, and before 5 had inclosed our Camp with a Strong Breast work, Musket Proof, and with the Boards brought here be- fore by my Order from Drucker's mill, got our- selves under some shelter from the Weather. Monday was so dark with a thick Fog all day, that we cou'd neither look out for a Place to build or see where Materials were to be had. Tuesday morning we looked round us, Pitched on a Place, mark'd out our Fort on the Ground, and by 10 o'clock began to cut Timber for Stockades and to dig the Ground. By 3 in the afternoon the Logs were all cut and many of them halled to the Spot, the Ditch dug to Set them in 3 Feet deep, and that Evening many were pointed and set up. The next Day we were hinder'd by Rain most of the Day. Thurs- day we resum'd our Work and before night were pretty well enclosed, and on Friday morn- ing the Stockade was finished and part of the Platform within erected, which was compleated the next morning, when we dismissed Foulk's and Wetterholt's Companies, and sent Hay's down for a Convoy of Provisions. This Day we hoisted your Flag, made a general Discharge of our Pieces, which had been long loaded, and
of our two Swivels, and nam'd the Place Fort Allen, in Honour of our old Friend. It is 125 Feet long, 50 wide, the Stockadoes most of them a Foot thick; they are 3 Foot in the Ground and 12 Feet out, pointed at the Top.
"This is an Account of our Week's Work which I thought might give you some satisfac- tion.
"Foulk is gone to build another, between this and Schuylkill Fort, which I hope will be fin- ished (as Trexler is to Join him) in a Week or IO Days. As soon as Hays returns I shall de- tach another Party to erect another at Surfas' which I hope may be finished in the same Time and then I purpose to end my Campaign, God willing, and do myself the Pleasure of seeing you on my Return. I can now add no more than that I am, with great Esteem and affection, Dr. Friend,
"Yours, affectionately,
"B. FRANKLIN. "The Honorable Robert Hunter Morris, Es- quire."
"Fort Allen, At Gnadenhutt., "Jany. 26, 1756. "Sir :
"We left Bethlehem the 10th Instant with Foulk's Company, 46 Men, the Detachment of McLaughlin's, 20, and 7 Waggons laden with Stores and Provisions. We got that night to Hays' Quarters, where Wayne's Company joined us from Nazareth.
"The next Day we marched cautiously thro the Gap of the Mountain, a very dangerous Pass, and got to Uplinger's, but twenty-one Miles from Bethlehem, the Roads being bad and the Waggons moving slowly."
(After giving an account of the week's work almost verbatim as in the foregoing, he pro- ceeds) :
"This present Monday we are erecting a third House in the Fort to accommodate the Garrison.
"As soon as Capt Hays returns with the Con- voy of Stores and Provisions, which I hope may be to-morrow, I purpose to send Orndt and Haeds to Join Capt. Trump in erecting the middle Fort there, and supply both as occa- sion may require, and hope in a week or ten Days, weather favouring, those two Forts may be finished and the Line of Forts compleated and garrisoned, the Rangers in Motion, and the internal Guards and Watches disbanded, as well as some other Companies, unless they are permitted and encouraged to go after the Enemy to Sasquehannah.
"At present the Expence in this County is pro-
e
her nd
0
m
e
m
86
HISTORY OF LEHIGH COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
digious. We have on Foot, and in Pay, the following Companies :
Trump.
50 Men.
Aston.
50 55
Wayne ..
Foulke.
46 )
Trexler
48 .
Without the Forks.
Wetterhold 44 )
Orndt ...
50
Craig .
30 2
in the Irish Settlements.
Martin .
30 5
Van Etten .
30 Minisinks.
Hays .. .
45
Detachment of M'Laughlin ..
20
Parsons.
54 at Easton.
522
"This, Sir, is a particular Account of our Trans- actions and the present State of Affairs in this County. I am glad to learn by your Favour of the 21st Just received, that you have Thoughts of coming to Bethlehem, as I may hope an Opportunity of waiting upon your Hon- our there after our Works are finished, and communicating every thing more fully. I now only add that I am, with dutiful Respect,
"Sir, Your Honour's most obedient humble Servant,
"B. FRANKLIN. "To Govr. Morris."
The northern border of Northampton county, having suffered so severely from Indian rapa- cities, it was deemed advisable to erect forts or blockhouses at or near the gap in the mountains and at some commanding point to the westward. Two of the most prominent of the residents of that section of the county west of the Lehigh river, which now constitutes Lehigh county, re- commended two sites in the following communi- cation :
"We whose Names are hereunto subscribed do give this as our Opinion; That if a Fort was to be built on this side of the Blue Moun- tains it would be of the most service on this side of Lechai on Daniel Schneider's Land from whence it would command up to Lechai so far as beyond the Mountain and across the River to the other Shore. Or, if our Superiors should not like this Place then on the other side of Drucker's Mill on the blue Mountains there being a good spring and an eminence which commands on all its Sides a large extent of Land.
"JOHN PETER TREXLER,
"Justice in the County of Northampton. "GEORGE REX."
FORT EVERETT.
Fort Everett, the only fort erected within the territory now included in Lehigh county, was located in Lynn township. It stood in what is now a level, ploughed field, about one fourth of a mile north of Lynnport, about 150 feet from the house of M. K. Henry, a tenant
of Mrs. David Stein, eastward, and about 250 feet from the creek, which flows past the slate works on the west and empties into Ontelaunee creek. A spring, but a few feet south of where the fort was erected, marks the position of what was then a well of water. It was a block- house, about 25 feet by 30 feet, and stood on the property of John Everett, a man of prom- inence in the township at the time.
It was in all probability built early in the year 1756. Franklin in his letter of January 25th, written at Fort Allen, says:
"Foulk is gone to build another, between this and Schuylkill Fort, which I hope will be fin- ished (as Trexler is to join him) in a week or 10 days." This evidently refers to Fort Ever- ett, as Foulk was a resident of Lynn township, and it is reasonable to suppose that he saw that his friends and neighbors were protected.
Captain Charles Foulk, or Volck, who was commander at Fort Allen from April 19th to the last of June, 1756, was born November 18, 1709. He was baptized in New York, Sept. 10, 1710, reared in the Lutheran faith, and married, in 1730, Catharine Harzy. They had ten children.
Franklin in his letter of January 14th states that he had raised a company under Capt. Charles Foulk, and in January 26th he states that Foulk commanded 46 men, stationed with- out the Forks.
In a document giving the position of troops in Northampton county, without date, but sup- posed to be 1758, Captain Foulk is mentioned as in command of 63 men, at the new fort, not named, between Fort Allen and Fort Leb- anon. The officers under Capt. Foulk were Lieut. Michael Beltz, Sergeants John White and Dewalt Bossing and Corporal Christian Weirick.
The territory included within the boundaries of Albany township, Berks county, and Lynn township, then Northampton and now Lehigh county, was known at the period now under consideration, as Allemängel, meaning "All- want," from the fact that the land was not as productive as the country further to the south.
The district was well settled and Fort Ever- ett occupied an important position, but, un- fortunately, but little is recorded concerning it.
The garrison frequently ranged around the country between the Schuylkill and the Lehigh and were under the command of Captain Nich- olas Wetherhold.
While many occurrences were continually taking place, the first actual mention of the station is by Colonel Weiser, on November 24, 1756. He had just visited Fort Franklin and
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FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR.
seen its poor condition ; he also saw that most of the inhabitants lived south of the mountain, and concluded that its condition was of but little value. He accordingly says, "I ordered Lieu't Engel to Evacuate it, and come to the South side of the Hills himself with Nineteen men, at John Eberts, Esq'r, and the Rest being Sixteen men more, at John Eckenroad, both places being about three miles distant from each other, and both in the Township of Linn, Northampton County, untill otherways ordered."
We do not know definitely whether Lieut. Engel did actually proceed as directed, or not, but it is altogether likely he did, for while Fort Franklin was not entirely abandoned until the Fall of 1757, we have no reason to doubt that during the latter part of 1757 it was certainly in charge of Capt. Wetherhold, and it is there- fore possible that he may have garrisoned it even previous to that time, and that Lieut. En- gel occupied Fort Everett as originally ordered. Even if such were the case Lieut Engel was ordered away in the latter part of May, 1757, to take command of Fort Norris, and Fort Ev- erett once more resumed its former status.
During this period the following petition was forwarded to the Governor. Whilst emanating from Lynn township, it was intended to apply, in a general sense, to the whole of Northampton county, south of the mountains, as far east as the Delaware:
"NORTHAMPTON COUNTY, LYNN TOWNSHIP, May 4 Day, 1757.
"To his Onner, the Governor and Commander in Cheaf of the Provine of Pennsylvania:
"YOURE MOST HUMBLY S'VANT-
"These is to Acquant youre Honner of the Dif- ficultyes, Hardships and Dangers that youre Poore Pertitioners Ly Under at this Present Time, Being the Frunteeairs, and being yester- Day A Coppy of an Express Sent to us and others from Mr. Parsons, Major, Which he re- seaved from Cornel Wiser, that He was Crede- bly Informed by A friend Indian that a Great Body of French and Indians Was one there march from Ohio Fort, Designed against Some Parts of Pennsylvania, Minnesink, Patter Co. and som Murder Has Lately ben Don at the Minnesinks in this County, and Like Wise at Schoolkill in Barks County, and this is what wee was De- sired and Warned to be one our Gards, and to associate our Selves and others Immediately into Companies under Discreet officers of oure one Choice, But as youre Honner Vere well knows the Natour and Mis Manegment of the Generaty Part of the People, when that these are at thaire
one freedom, without Some Parsens in Shap Authority to Compel them, and further wee Do Think it a Great Hard Ship that wee the Fron- tears, that is Almost Already Ruend By being Cep So much out of oure Laboure, Being the Poorer Sort of People at the Beginning, and the Loer Inhabentance the mean time Lyes Quiat and Ease and out of Danger, and wee Desire and Humbly Beg that your Honner Will Take our Case Into Consideration, and Cause Us to be Better Guarded by Soldiers, at the expence of the Provence, while the Loer Inhabitance will be obliged to Baire Part of the Burden as Well as wee Do think that if the Gerresens that is now Lying over the Blue Mountaine in the Forts was all Removed to This side of the Mountaine and Laid 4, 6, 8 or 10 men in a Good House at Not a grate Distance apart, and a Road Cut from one Plantation to the other, of About 3 or 4 Perches Broad, as the Planta- tions is Prete Neaire to Gether, on this Side of the Mountaine. We do think that it would Cause the Indians to be Afraid to Com in small Companies over the Road, as theaire yousel way is to Goo, for faire of Being taken agoing Back, for when Ever there is Murder Don within the Road there must be a Good Watch Cept on that Road to Take them as they Pas Back, and by Larem Guns there Can be many People Cald to Gether in Short Space of Time Besides the Soldiers, and further, the people in General is Removed from the other Sid of the Mountain and Dayre Not Goo to Live on theaire Plantations til Better times Excepting 2 or 3 famelyes Round Each Fort, and from the other Settlers on this Side of the Mountaine to the Forts is som 10, Som 16 miles to Fort Franklen, is to Fort Allen 10, to Fort Norres 16, to Fort Hambelton 16 miles. So that in Case of Nesety the Soldiers Can't Com to oure Assistance, nor Wee to Theairs Not in any Resenable Time, Til the Eneme wold Be Gone Againe, for Wheaire they fal in They make No Long Stay, and Besides the Hills and Hal- lows is so bad over the Mountaine that the In- dians might Destroy all the Wagens and Pro- vishens Coming to the Fort, if they take Care to Wayley them in Som Deep Hallows, and the Soldiers as they are Scouting and marching from one Fort to the other, and are Present Leftenant Wetherhols Lyes in our Township with About 40 men Against Fort Franklin, which is Now Empty of Soldiers, and he Expects Every Day to Receave order to March from us, there wil then Ly open without any Sholders abot 28 M'lds that there will be no Soldiers, and youre Pa- tisionners Do umbly Beg that youre Honner Would Take oure Case Into Consideration, and not Let these Soldiers be Removed But Rather
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