USA > Pennsylvania > History of Pennsylvania volunteers, 1861-5; prepared in compliance with acts of the legislature, Vol. IV > Part 188
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On the 25th of May, the cavalry broke eamp and moved upon the Upper Rappahannock. At Brandy Station a severe battle was fought, between the cavalry of the two armies, but the Sixteenth having just previous turned in its saddles for exchange, and not having received a fresh supply, was not actively engaged, but was charged with the care of the trains. At Warrenton Junetion, on the 11th of June, the Sixteenth was assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Colonel J. Irvin Gregg commanding the brigade, General D. M'M. Gregg, the division, and General Pleasanton the entire cavalry corps. It was here associated with the First Maine, Tenth New York, and Fourthi Pennsylvania regiments. A month previous, Lieutenant Colonel Rodgers had resigned, and now Captain John K. Robison was commissioned to succeed him, by whom the regiment was led in the Gettysburg campaign. The march north ward commeneed on the 13th. At Aldie, the enemy was en- countered and pushed back. On the 18th the regiment took the advanee, and from ten in the morning until half-past three in the afternoon, it was warmly engaged. It was then relieved by the Fourth, its ammunition having been exhausted. On the following morning the engagement was renewed, the enemy contesting the ground with great obstinacy, taking shelter behind stone walls, and keeping up a hot fire. The Sixteenth was led to the charge dis- mounted, and gallantly drove the enemy from his well protected positions. It lost in the engagement, one killed, and ten wounded, Captain Adam J. Snyder being among the latter. The 20th was Sunday, and quiet prevailed. Early on the following morning,. the Union cavalry began to push forward,
952
ONE HUNDRED, AND SIXTY-FIRST REG MENT,
and drove the enemy, after a severe engagement, through Upperville and Ashby's Gap, into the Blue Ridge.
In the battle of Gettysburg, Gregg's Brigade was in position on the extreme right of the Union army, and during the day and evening of the 2d, was par- tially engaged, and during the whole of the 3d, guarded the approaches to that ยท wing. The loss at Gettysburg was two killed and a few wounded. On the 5th, the cavalry was put in motion in pursuit of the retreating enemy, capturing some prisoners as it pressed his rear guard. On the 15th of July, the division moved from Boonsboro to Harper's Ferry, and on the 17th to Shepherdstown, for the purpose of discovering the movements of the rebel army. During the night the drums of his infantry columns were distinctly heard, apparently on the road leading to Martinsburg. At noon of the 18th, the enemy's cavalry attacked, and drove in the pickets of the brigade, advancing rapidly in force. He was promptly met, and until night put an end to the contest, the fighting raged without intermission. Charge after charge was made in the face of a most withering fire. The rebel artillery fire was at first concentrated on the right, then upon the left, and finally upon the right centre, where the Sixteenth stood. For eight hours, three regiments, the First Maine, Fourth, and Sixteenth Pennsylvania, bore the brunt of the battle, charging in the most gallant man- ner. Night finally put an end to the carnage, and finding that the enemy was present in superior force, the command was withdrawn under cover of dark- ness. The loss in the Sixteenth was six killed, fifteen wounded, and three. missing. Captain John K. Fisher was among the wounded.
After the army had crossed the Potomac, the cavalry marched along the eastern slopes of the Blue Ridge, and crossing the tributaries of the Rappa> hannock, went into camp near Amissville. On the 12th of September, the division crossed Hazel River, and came in on the enemy's left, Buford and Kilpatrick engaging him in front. When the army commenced its retreat on Centreville, the division moved to the front to cover the movement. At two P. M., on the 12th of October, the enemy came up with a part of the Second Brigade; and commenced a furious attack, near the crossing of the Rappahannock. Gal- lantly did the Fourth and Thirteenth Pennsylvania regiments, led by Colonel Gregg in person, contest the ground, and hold at bay, until night-fall, many times their number. The Sixteenth supported a battery on the opposite bank, and did not suffer. On the 13th, the division marched to Auburn .. At day- light on the following morning, the enemy attacked, and during the entire day the regiment was at intervals engaged,-early in the day at Auburn, later at Catlett's, and in the evening at Bristoe Station, on the left of Warren's: in- fantry. Lieutenant Colonel Robison was wounded, and the regiment sustained in addition, a loss of one killed, seven wounded, and three missing .. The divi- sion was complimented for its gallantry on this retreat, by General: Meade, in an order issued after reaching Centreville. The advance was soon after sounded, sund the army was again brought to the Rappahannock. The regiment had by this time become much reduced, and some time was given to re-fit and recuper: ate. After a month's delay, the columns were again put in motion towards Mine Run, the division crossing the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, and on the 27th of November, met the enemy on the Fredericksburg Plank Road. The brigade was in advance and received the first shock: It: was, however; relieved by the" Fifth Corps: just at the moment that the Sixteenth;, with drawn sabres,, was advancing to the attack. On the 29th; it was again engaged near Parker's
953
SIXTEENTH CAVALRY-THREE YEARS' SERVICE.
Store. In the progress of the battle, a battery was in danger of falling into the hands of the enemy. At the critical moment a squadron, led by Captain Rush, made a most gallant charge, saving the guns, and routing the enemy. A brave officer, Captain Ira R. Alexander, was killed in this charge. The regiment lost two killed, eleven wounded, and three missing.
On the 2d of December, the regiment re-crossed the Rapidan, and went into camp near Bealton Station, the campaign having been abandoned. On the 21st, the brigade, under command of Colonel Smith, of the First Maine, proceeded to Luray, in the Shenandoah Valley, where factories and rebel stores were destroyed, and on the 24th, commenced the return march, reaching camp on the 31st. On the 1st of January, 1864, the division, under Colonel Taylor, of the First Pennsylvania, was led upon a raid to Front Royal. The march was attended with great hardship and suffering,-ice-bound streams, and rocky mountain roads, frozen and slippery, rendering the way almost im- passable. It returned by way of Manassas, and on the 16th, went into winter- quarters at Turkey Run, below Warrenton. Near the close of February, a detail from this regiment, under Captain A. J. Snyder, accompanied Kilpatrick in his raid upon Richmond, in which Colonel Ulrich Dahlgren was killed, participating in the hardships and hard fighting which were encountered.
In the initial movement of the spring campaign, the brigade followed the Second Corps, and at a point about three miles beyond Chancellorsville, a body of the enemy was met, which, after a brief skirmish, in which the Six- teenth was the principal participant on the Union side, precipitately retreated. On the afternoon of the 6th of May, and again on the afternoon of the 7th, the di- vision was hotly engaged, the Sixteenth, dismounted, holding a line of hastily constructed breast-works, a large brook just in front. At ten A. M., of the 8th, the brigade charged and forced the enemy's line, eight companies of the Six- teenth, mounted, and with drawn sabres. Captain Joshua M. Carey was among the wounded in this engagement. On the 9th, the cavalry under Sheri- dan moved to the left, around the right flank of Lee's army, striking his main line of supply at Beaver Dam Station, effecting the destruction of immense quantities of stores, and releasing a large number of Union prisoners, on their way to Richmond. . During the night the enemy came up, and at day-break opened briskly with cavalry and artillery. The Union artillery answered, and with heavy skirmishing on flanks and rear, the column moved on towards Hanover, crossing the South Anna at dusk, and halting for the night at Hanover Church. The brigade had the rear on the 11th, and before the columns were all fairly in motion, the enemy charged with great impetuosity. The First Maine, and Tenth New York, were driven in; but at this juncture, the artillery, loaded to the muzzle with grape and canister, was brought to bear upon the impatient foe, which soon convinced him that the Union cavalry was awake, and ready to receive him. Heavy skirmishing continued through- ont the entire day, and until long after night-fall, the enemy hovering in clouds upon the rear. It was in this day's fighting that the famous rebel cavalry leader, General J. E. B. Stuart, was killed. At day-break of the 12th, the column entered the outer works of Richmond, turning from the pike soon after crossing the Chickahominy, on a road parallel with, and between the inner line and the river. A mile and a half out on this road, the river bends to the right, the road crossing it. /{ On the further bank the enemy lay intrenched, to the right and left of the bridge, which at this time had been destroyed. The 120-VOL. IV.
954
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT,
whole column was soon engaged, and in a critical situation. The force in front, that rushing out from Richmond, and that following from Lee's army, were pressing it on three sides, the enemy's shells coming from front, right flank, and rear. Sheridan, with Custer, directed the fight upon the front, Wilson, and Torbert upon the flank, and Gregg upon the rear. In a charge delivered by the Eighth, supported by the Sixteenth, a gun was captured, and the head of the enemy's column was successfully held in check. Towards noon, Custer forced a crossing, and the command escaped the clutches of the foe. Sheridan soon after returned, re-joining the main army on the 25th.
On the following morning, the divisions of Gregg and Merritt moved down the Pamunky, and crossing, had a heavy engagement at Hawes' Shop, in the afternoon of the 28th, in which the Sixteenth sustained a loss of four killed and twenty wounded, Lieutenant Colonel Robison, Captain A. F. Swan, and Lieutenant S. A. Roberts, being among the latter. Early in June, the division accompanied Sheridan in his expedition towards Lynchburg, and was engaged at Trevilian Station, the Sixteenth sustaining a loss of three killed and thirteen wounded, Lieutenant Daniel C. Swank being of the latter. Sheridan, unable to force his way to Lynchburg, returned to White House, whence, with his own, and a train of eight hundred wagons belonging to the main army, he marched on the 25th for the James River. The enemy, beholding the tempt- ing prize, made desperate efforts to break through the Union lines and capture them. Gregg's Division moved upon the right flank, covering them from the direction of Richmond. At St. Mary's Church, the enemy attacked with headlong impetuosity, and overpowering force. Gregg made a gallant fight, and called for reinforcements ; but his messengers were captured, his ex- tremities being thus revealed, and no aid came. He disputed every inch of ground with a stubbornness rarely paralleled, and succeeded in beating back the enemy, at a heavy cost, until the trains were safe. A less resolute resistance would inevitably have resulted in disaster. In this engagement the Sixteenth did gallant service, repelling repeated charges, and preventing dismounted men from being captured. On the 1st of July, the division was sent to the relief of General Wilson, who was hemmed in between the enemy's infantry and his cavalry, on the Weldon Railroad ; but before it arrived, Wilson had effected his escape, and it returned and went into camp at Light House Point, on the James. From the moment the regiment crossed the Rapidan until the present, it had been almost constantly on the move, frequently meeting the enemy in deadly conflict, and was greatly reduced, many of the men being dismounted, their horses falling out by the way, and large numbers disabled by fatigue and exposure.
Towards the close of July, the division, with a large column of infantry, crossed the James, and made a strong demonstration in the direction of Richmond, the Sixteenth charging, mounted, near Malvern Hill, sustaining a loss of three killed, and six severely wounded, Lieutenant Lockwood Caughey mortally. It returned on the 30th, to await the result of the Mine ex- plosion, in favor of which the demonstration across the James had been made. Early in August, Sheridan, with the First and Third divisions of the cavalry, went to the Shenandoah Valley, leaving General Gregg in command of the cavalry before Petersburg. About the middle of the month, the division again crossed the James. On the 16th, the brigade,-which was now com- posed of the Second, Fourth, Eighth, and Sixteenth Pennsylvania regiments-
955
SIXTEENTH CAVALRY-THREE YEARS' SERVICE.
and Miles' brigade of infantry, moved up the Charles City Road towards Richmond, and met the enemy at Deep Run, posted behind earth-works. The brigade charged, the Sixteenth moving upon the main road, the only regiment mounted, the infantry upon the right of the road, and the rest of the brigade dismounted on the left, and drove the enemy. " It was here," says a member of the Sixteenth, "that the Confederate General Chambliss was killed. He came riding with two others down a by-road, that led into the one on which we were moving. The advance guard consisted of eight men of company E. Five of them fired, as the general, who, discovering his mistake, was on the point of wheeling; but too late, and he fell to the left of the road, pierced but by a single ball. I was by his side in a moment, but he was dead. His stars told his rank." The command pushed on to White's Tavern, only a few miles out of Richmond, where the enemy, who had been reinforced, compelled it to fall back to the run. The regiment had less than two hundred engaged, and lost seven men killed, and two officers, and twenty-two men wounded. General J. Irvin Gregg was here wounded. Upon its return, the cavalry was sent with the infantry for the possession and destruction of the Weldon Railroad. On the 23d, the Sixteenth and Second regiments were sent towards Dinwiddie Court House, and a mile out met the enemy, and became quickly engaged. The rest of the division came to their support, and an engagement followed, which for three days was kept up with varying success, the Sixteenth losing on the 23d, six wounded ; on the 24th, one killed, and one wounded ; and on the 25th, three killed and one wounded. After the battle, the regiment fell back, and en- camped at Hancock's Station. On the 15th of September, the Sixteenth and Second were sent out to reconnoitre in front of the Fifth Corps lines. Ad- vancing beyond Poplar Spring Church, they skirmished with the enemy, developed his strength and position, and returned without loss. On the follow- ing morning, the whole division was sent in pursuit of the enemy's cavalry, under Hampton, who had captured and driven off the herd of beef cattle belonging to the army of the Potomac. The enemy was found and engaged, but the beef was beyond recovery. In the action at the Boydton Plank Road, on the 27th of October, the Sixteenth was heavily engaged. It fought dis- mounted, holding a position on the left of, and overlapping the infantry line. It sustained a loss of three killed, and twenty-eight wounded. Captain Isaac H. Ressler was among the wounded. The brigade made a dash on Stony Creek Station, on the 1st of December, capturing a fort, with three guns and a num- ber of prisoners. The Sixteenth charged dismounted, being thus enabled to pass over the works, and had the honor of taking possession of the guns. On the 7th the cavalry, with the Fifth Corps, started for a more complete destruc- tion of the Weldon Railroad. The enemy was driven to Bellefield, near the North Carolina border, and the road completely destroyed. The regiment re- turned to camp from this raid on the 12th, having suffered no loss.
It now went into winter-quarters, near Hancock's Station, where it was engaged in the usual routine of camp, drill, and picket duty, and with the ex- ception of the loss of three men killed, while out collecting forage, camp life was little varied. On the 6th of February, 1865, the cavalry moved around the right of the enemy, and came in upon his rear at Dinwiddie Court House. From this point, the Sixteenth was sent to reconnoitre the position of the enemy, and penetrated to his camps, taking some prisoners, and returning without loss. The entire cavalry force then returned and re-joined the infantry
956
ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT,
at Hatcher's Run, where it became heavily engaged. The Sixteenth, in the opening of the battle, charged dismounted, and until night-fall was warmly engaged. The loss was two killed, and thirteen wounded., Captain Henry H. Wilson, and Lieutenants George W. Brooks and Russell R. Pealer were wounded. As the army began to unloose for its last campaign, the cavalry was put in motion, and on the 31st of March, had a severe engagement at Din- widdie Court House, the Sixteenth losing four killed, and fourteen wounded, Captain Frederick W. Heslop being among the latter. At Five Forks, on the 2d of April, the regiment was again brought into conflict, losing one killed and six wounded. The campaign was now prosecuted with desperate earnest- ness, the marching and fighting being almost incessant. On the 5th, at Amelia Springs, and on the 6th, at Sailor's Creek, the Sixteenth was closely engaged, losing one killed, and seventeen wounded, Captain Henry H. Oliphant and Lieutenant William H. Everhart being among the latter. , At Farmville, on the 7th, Lieutenant Colonel Robison, who had led the regiment in nearly all its . movements after the promotion of Colonel Gregg, was wounded while leading a sabre charge, as was, likewise, Lieutenant Norman J. Ball. To the last, this gallant brigade was at the post of duty, and when on the 9th, the white flag was displayed in token of surrender, it was in position to compel the surren- der of large numbers of the enemy, in fair conflict. After the surrender, the command returned to Petersburg, but was soon after led to the North Carolina border, to the support of Sherman. Hostilities having ceased, soon after, it again returned to Petersburg, and thence the brigade was sent to Lynchburg, where it was employed in preserving order, and taking charge of property of the rebel government. This duty finished, it proceeded, early in August, to Richmond, where, on the 7th, it was mustered out of service. Until about the middle of October, 1864, this regiment was armed with Sharp's carbine, and from that time forward with the Spencer repeater.
C
FIELD AND STAFF OFFICERS.
tel of-998E
NAME.
RANK.
DATE OF MUSTER INTO SERVICE.
REMARKS.
J. Irvin Gregg ..
Colonel
Nov. 14,''62,
Lorenzo D. Rodgers Lt. Col. John K. Robison ..... .do ....
Oct. Oct.
3, '62, 10, '62,
William A. West :: William H. Fry:
Major ..
... do
.Oct. 29,''62, Sept. 22, '62,
John Stroup. .....
.. do
Oct. 30, '62,
Seth T. Kennedy .. do
Oct. 3, '62
Andrew F. Swan ... .do
May 12, '63,
' Pr. to Bv. Brig. Gen., Aug. 1, '64-Bv. Major Gen., March 13, '65 -- wounded at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 16, '64-mus. out with reg., Aug. 11, '65. Pr. from Capt. Co. E, Nov. 15, '62-res. May 16, '63. Promoted from Captain Co. F, Aug. 7, 1863-Bv. Brigadier General, March 13, 1865-wounded at Auburn, Va., Oct. 14, 1863, at Hawes' Shop, May 29, 1864, and at Farmville, April 7, 1865-mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865 ...
Pr. from Capt. Co. G, Nov. 15. 62-res. Oct. 17, '63. Promoted from Capt. Co. I, Nov. 14, '62-Bv. Lt. Col., March 13, '65-disch. by S. O., May 17, '65. Pr. from Capt. Co. M, Nov. 15, '62-res. May 16, '63. Pr. from Capt. Co. A, June 13, '63-res. May 20, '64. Promoted from Captain Co. C, Sept. 4, 1864-Bv. Lieut. Colonel, March 13, 1865-discharged on Surgeon's certificate, March 7, 1865.
50
0
-
957
SIXTEENTH CAVALRY-THREE YEARS' SERVICE.
NAME.
RANK
DATE OF MUSTER INTO SERVICE.
REMARKS.
James C. Robinson.
Major ..
Oct. 28, '62,
Adam J. Snyder
.do
Sept. 30, '62,
Robert Oldham
.. do
...
Aug. 1, '61,
Robert M'Cool ..
:. do ...
...
Aug." 19, '61, Sept. 20, '62,
Charles H. Miller
... do
Sept.
6, '62,
Promoted from Sgt. Co. I to Sgt. Major, Nov. 20, 1862-to Adjutant, May 1, 1863-to Captain and Asst. Adjt. General U. S. Vols., May 31, 1864-Bv. Major-mustered out, Sept. 19, 1865.
Isaiah Fritz
.do ...
Sept. 18, '62, Sept. 22, '62,
Pr. from Sgt. Co. I, July 24, '64-died Nov. 7, '64. Promoted from 2d Lt. company H, Dec. 11, 1864- mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11: 1865.
James K. Robison ...
2. M
Sept. 22, '62,
Promoted from 1st Lieutenant Co. F, Nov. 20,'62- brevet Captain, March 13, 1865-mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865.
Wm. A. M'Dowell ..
C. S
Sept. 6, '62,
Promoted from 1st Sergeant Co. B, Nov. 15, 1862- brevet Captain, March 13, 1865-mustered out with regiment, August 11, 1865. ,
Wm. H. Gorninger .. Francis Le Moyne ..
Surg .... .do
Oct .: 20, '62, Mar. 14, '62,
Isaac F. Everhart ... do
Aug. F. Herrmann. As.Sur.
Ezra H. Carey ........ .. do William Ellershaw .. do
...
June 12, '63, Oct. 18, '62, Oct. 23, '62, Mar. 25, '65, April 23, '65,
D. S. Truckenmiller William B. Werntz Jacob Lemon .: do ...
Alex. De Armitt. Henry Herbert.
do Sr. Maj.
Sept. 11, '62, Sept. 12, '62,
Richard H. See
.do
Sept. 6, '62,
Promoted from private company I, May 1, 1863- to 2d Lt. company I, June 2, 1866.
Russell R. Pealer
do
Oct. 2, '62,
Promoted from Corporal company E, Sept. 29, 1864- to 2d Lt. company E, Dec. 12, 1864.
Henry Schively
do
Oct. 23, '62,
Promoted from Corporal company I, Dec. 12, 1864- "to 2d Lt. company G, May 3, 1865.
W. K. Applebaugh .. .. do ...
Nov. 20, '62,
Promoted from Sergeant Co. F to Q. M. Sergeant, Nov. 20, 1802-to Sergeant Major, June 20, 1863- transferred to company F, Sept. 1, 1864.
Whitney Briggs
Q. M Sr.
Oct. 3, '62,
Promoted from Q. M. Sgt. Co. C, June 15, 1865- mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865.
Thomas D. Garman
.. do ...
Sept. 18, '62, Oct. 7, '62,
Promoted from private company F, July 1, 1863- discharged by General Order, June 15, 1865.
John D. Follmer.
Com. Sr
Sept. 6, '62, Oct. 20, '62,
Promoted from Com. Sgt. company D, April 20, 1863-to 1st Lt. company D, Nov. 16, 1863.
Samuel S. Porter. ... do
Sept. 19, '62,
Promoted from private company K, Sept. 29, 1863- transferred to company B, Dec. 31, 1863.
Edward H. Ott John Colvin
Hos. St. .do
Feb. 26, '64, Sept. 24, '62, Oct. 2, '62,
Promoted from Cor. company A, May 1, 1865-dis- charged by General Order, June 15, 1865.
Samuel M. Potter.
.do
Sept. 19,'62,
Wm. D. Robinson ... C, Bug. Ferdinand F. Rohin ... do .....
Aug. 1,2'61, Sept. 18, '62,
Wesley J. Cooper ... Saddler
Oct. , 2, '62,
Samuel R. Lindley ... do ....
Sept. 19, '62,
Promoted from private company K, Nov. 20, 1862- transferred to company K, April 4, 1863.
A J
attends
Pr. from Capt. Co. D, Dec. 12, 1864-Bv. Lt. Col., Mar. 13,1865-disch. by special order. July 24, 1865. Promoted from Captain company H, May 23, 1865- mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865. Mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865. Mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865.
Jonathan R. Day.
Adj't ....
Promoted from Ist Lt. company K, Nov. 19, 1862- to Capt. company K, April 30, 1863.
Samuel E. Cormany
.. do
....
Thomas C. Coxe. .. do ..... Chap'n | April 3, '65, V.Surg Sept. 17, '61. Sept. 18, '62,
Discharged by special order, Dec. 21, 1863.
Pr. fr. Asst. Surg. 38th reg. P. V., Jan. 16, '64-Bv. Lt. Col., Mar. 16, '65-disch. by S. O., July 24, '65. Mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate, Mar. 8, 1865. Pr. from Hos. Steward, Jan. 28, '63-res. Oct. 5, '63. Mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865. Mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865. Mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865. Mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865-Vet. Promoted from 1st Sgt. company F, Jan. 1, 1865- discharged by General Order, June 15, 1865. Pr. fr. Farrier Co. I, Nov. 20, '62-died Aug. 7, '64. Promoted from Sgt. company I, May 8, 1865-inus- tered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865.
Promoted from Q. M. Sgt.Co. F, Jan. 1, 1864- mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865. Promoted from Sgt. company G, Nov. 20, 1862-to 2d. Lt. company G, April 1, 1863.
Henry H. Oliphant do ..... .do
A. W. Guernsey.
Joseph W. Miller ... ... do
Promoted from private company K, Jan. 28, 1863- discharged by General Order, July 6, 1865. Promoted from private company K, Nov. 10, '62- died September 6, 1864.
Mnstered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865-Vet. Promoted from private company F, July 1, 1863- discharged by General Order, June 15, 1865. Promoted from Saddler company B, July 1, '63- mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865.
Mustered out with regiment, Aug. 11, 1865.
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