USA > Pennsylvania > Tioga County > History of Tioga County, Pennsylvania, with Illustrations, portraits and sketches of prominent families and individuals > Part 57
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243
OLD ORCHARDS IN TIOGA- GAME AND FISH-FIRST LAND PURCHASES.
his only monument, his grave in the old cemetery lot being unmarked and indistinguishable.
THE FAUNA of Tioga township has consisted of the American elk, or wapiti, the Virginian or American deer, the black bear, the panther, the lynx, the wild cat, the gray or timber wolf, the gray and the red fox, the rac- coon, beaver and many lesser animals. The elk long since disappeared from the county, but remained in the adjoin- ing county of Potter until a comparatively recent period. Deer still remain, but are very few and extremely shy, only now and then one being killed, usually in violation of the statute made for their protection. A black bear made his appearance some years ago on the Elkhorn, Crooked Creek and Mill Creek, and remained some time before he was killed. Waldo Willard, about the year 1834 killed one near the marsh at the foot of Bayer* or Huckleberry Ridge. Wolves were plenty and very de- structive to sheep up to the time of the establishment of the railroad, in 1840. The noise of the puffing locomo- tives, and the long belt of iron rail up the valley seemed to warn them that their accustomed haunts were no longer safe. Twenty-five sheep belonging to a flock owned by the writer's father, and ranging on the knolls now occupied by and adjacent to Evergreen cemetery, were killed in a single night by wolves about the year 1833. Three years later the writer heard a pack howl with fierce clamor on Indian hill; and still later saw one which had been caught in a trap, muzzled and tied,
brought in on the shoulders of Harris and Norris Hotchkiss.
At the time of the first settlement in the valley, and
Of the fine old orchards of forty and fifty years ago, such as those of Dr. William Willard, Ambrose Millard, even up to 1815 and 1825, the black bass frequented the John Prutsman, Rachel Berry, Jacob Prutsman, Elijah Tioga and its chief tributaries, and shad were quite com- monly seen in the spring. The introduction of dams at various points along the Tioga, and subsequently on the main branch of the Susquehanna, has impeded the as- cent of these migratory fish into the upper waters of these two streams. The pickerel, perch, whitefish, chub, mul- let, sucker and catfish are the common and permanent inhabitants of them, and until the recent introduction of large tanneries they afforded a never failing source of comparative success and sport to the angler. All the small streams of the township were supplied with an abundance of speckled trout, until by constant angling their numbers have become few. Game and fish, like the famous old hunters and fishermen, such as " Bear " Ames, Norris Hotchkiss, William K. Mitchell, Jesse Bent- ley and William Lowell have passed away, or at least dwindled into comparative insignificance. De Pui, Thomas and Richard Mitchell, Benjamin Bentley, Peter Adams and Stephen Losey, some portions still re- main, though they have generally been replaced by others, and some of them entirely uprooted to give place to tobacco culture. Of the new orchards, that planted by Jabin S. Bush some fifteen or twenty years ago con- tains no less than 2,000 apple trees and 500 pear trees, and covers an area of some 30 acres. In extent, variety of fruit, and care and attention devoted to pruning and protection from injury, probably no orchard in the county excels it. The farm of the late Thomas J. Berry jr. and that of Eleazer Seagers (once the farm of William Willard jr.) have new and quite extensive orchards of choice varieties of fruit. Of old apple trees still remaining and bearing, a number standing in a group on the Elliott farm are said to have been planted by the Indians. A group of some fifteen trees, standing on the old De Pui farm, near the race, and a short distance below its bulk- EARLY LAND TRANSACTIONS. head, were planted by Nicholas Prutsman. Three trees on the Berry farm, below the mouth of Crooked Creek. not far from the bank of the river, were planted, Jacob Kiphart says, by his father Jacob, not far from the year 1795 or 1796.
The land within the present township of Tioga, with but few exceptions, was entered previous to the first set- tlement of it, or contemporaneous therewith, by capital- ists in the cities of Philadelphia and Baltimore. The first warrants were located May 17th 1785 along the val- ley of the Tioga, from below Mitchell's Creek to and above the mouth of Mill Creek. They were the Robert Crozier tract on the north, and the three Bartholomew and Patton tracts on the south, containing in all, ac- cording to the survey returns, 2,071.78 acres. These tracts were entered immediately after the purchase from the Six Nations, at Fort Stanwix, October 23d 1784, of all the lands owned by the Indians from the Towanda and Tunkhannock Mountains, or " Smoky Hills" north, and west to the boundary of the State. The warrants subsequently passed into the hands of General Cad- wallader, and from him to the Pennsylvania Bank, and the property was commonly called the " bank lands." John Norris, surveyor, of Wellsboro, became the agent for their sale to subsequent purchasers.
In April and December 1792 there were eight warrants laid in the eastern part of the township-four to Robert Gilmour, one to Richard Gilmour, one to George Har- rison and two to William Lloyd, each containing about 1, 100 acres, excepting one of 550 to Lloyd.
In the following year there were laid in the southern, western and northern parts of the township ten warrants -five to Thomas Willing, three to James Wilson and two to Robert Morris-the two latter being the most im- portant, lying directly west of the central Bartholomew and Patton tracts, and within the limits of the valley. These two, through Judge Charles Huston of the supreme bench of the State, passed into the hands of William Willard jr., and subsequently to Mrs. Parmentier, of Brooklyn, N. Y.
In 1794 there were laid four important warrants on the
* The term Bayer is sometimes applied to Huckleberry Ridge. Mr. Bayer is a son-in-law of Mrs. Parmentier, the owner of this ridge. He resides with her on Bridge street, Brooklyn, and is one of the officers of the German Emigrants Savings Bank on Chambers street, New York. Ile long resided at Tioga as agent for the property.
2.44
HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY.
hills east of the valley, two to William Ellis and two to S. M. Fox; one to the south in the course of the river, including "the gap " and hills adjacent; and one on Huckleberry Ridge. These last two belonged to George Meade, and the latter of them passed also to Willard and Mrs. Parmentier.
The Jesse and Stephen Losey and James Kelso tracts, lying up the valley of the creek to the west, were entered in October and November 1802. In 1831 Elijah De Pui entered a tract adjoining his farm. of 14734 acres; J. W. Guernsey, for himself, James Goodrich and A. C. Bush, in the same year took a tract of 34216 acres, at the head of the Tim Ives run, and subsequently sold it to Wil- liam E. Dodge, of New York. Later a tract of 65 acres was located by John Elliott; 73 acres by Samuel West- brook; 27 by Thomas Baldwin; 89 by Calvin Hammond, and a tract by A. Crandall. Two tracts which have been passed over were entered by James Martin, one in May 1785, adjacent to Mitchell's Creek, and one in September 1794, lying to the east of the village of Tioga. A. C. Bush entered 8134 acres in October 1836 to the west of and opposite John Daily's farm, which now includes it.
The Mitchells, the Iveses, Uriah Spencer, John Elliott, Benjamin Bentley, Nathan Niles, Dr. William Willard, and possibly John Gordon, all came here with Connect- icut titles, and were obliged to surrender them by reason of previous sale of the lands of the township to pur- chasers chiefly of the cities of Philadelphia and Balti- more. Uriah Spencer was a native of Guilford, Conn. He was the first postmaster in the county (being ap- pointed for the office at Tioga in 1805) was one of the earliest commissioners of our county ; was the second pro- thonotary appointed in it, and held the office for nine years; and was also register and recorder seven years. He had bought a township of land, six miles square, of the Hon. James Hillhouse, of New Haven, Conn .- subsequently a member of Congress-and in defense of his claim was arrested under the "intrusion act" of Pennsylvania and committed to jail at Williamsport.
On the south side of the State line, in addition to the early patents of land already mentioned as within the present bounds of Tioga township, and lying along and including both sides of the river, there were those of William Dewess, John Wall, Isaac Frank, Charles Mar- shall and John Patton, running from north to south, all entered May 17th 1785 and surveyed August 31st of the same year, except that of Dewess, surveyed May 10th 1792. These patents, with those previously named of the same date, made a continuous line of patents, ex- tending south to and including the mouth of Mill Creek, and forestalled the purchase of the land by the actual settler from the State. His occupancy gave him only a recognized "claim " or "possessionary right " to pur- chase of the proprietor at the price fixed. These lands were undoubtedly recorded at Sunbury, the county seat of Northumberland, which continned to be the place of record for this district even for some time after the erection of Lycoming county, in 1795. Who may have surveyed these ten patents at the early date named seems
to be a question of some doubt, even to such old survey- ors as William Bache, David Heise, Henry S. Archer and E. P. Deane; but it is supposed to have been a Mr. Tucker. General James Potter was appointed deputy surveyor of " district No. 6 in the new purchase " (that is, the Indian purchase of 1784, preceding the date of the surveys only seven months) by Surveyor General John Lukens; and after his death, at the close of the year 1789, he was succeeded by his son James Potter, January 20th 1790.
It has been supposed by some that John Adlum, who surveyed the Bingham lands by contract, was never a surveyor; but it appears he was appointed by Surveyor General John Lukens, April 14th 1789, a deputy surveyor "to survey four reserved tracts of land, lying at Presque Isle, Fort Le Beauf, Fort Venango," etc.
The original entries of land in the valley of Tioga, at the earliest date previously mentioned, were subject to an act passed December 21st 1784, which fixed the price of all vacant lands at £30 per 100 acres, entered as near as possible in a square or oblong block, the length of which should not exceed thrice the breadth, in a tract of not over 1,000 acres, with an allowance of 6 per cent. for roads, and a possible excess in addition not to exceed 10 per cent., to be paid for in gross amount. This act further recited that "the lines of purchase made from the Indians November 5th 1768, striking the west branch of the river Susquehanna at the mouth of Lycomick or Lycoming Creek, shall be the boundaries of the same purchase until the General Assembly shall reg- ulate and declare the same; and every person or persons, or their legal representatives, who has or have heretofore settled on the north side of the west branch of the river Susquehanna, upon the Indian territory between Lycom- ick or Lycoming Creek on the east and Tyagaghton or Pine Creek on the west, before the year 1780, shall be allowed the right to pre-emption to their respective pos- sessions at the price of £30 per 100 acres, the quantity of land not to exceed 300 acres, and the usual allowance of 6 per cent. for roads; pre-emption to be made by the Ist of November 1785." By subsequent acts the time of pre-emption was extended to the 10th of April 1793. By act of April 3d 1792 the price of all vacant lands within the limits of the purchase from the Indians made in the year 1768, and all preceding purchases, was fixed at 50 shillings for every 100 acres; of those parts of the pur- chase of 1784 lying east of the Allegheny River and Conawago Creek, at £5 per 100 acres; and of all other vacant lands within the State lying north and west of the rivers Ohio and Allegheny and Conawago Creek, at the rate of £7 10 shillings per 100 acres. By this same act it was provided that no direct taxes should be assessed or collected upon or from any of the lands or tenements lying north and west of the purchase made of the In- dians in the year 1768, or the personal estate found thereon, for the space of ten years after the passage of the act.
A large emigration was attracted toward western New York from the southeastern counties of Pennsylvania,
245
FIRST ROADS THROUGH TIOGA-THE MEANING OF "CHEMUNG."
toward the close of the last century and at the commence- tance above Austinville, Brookfield township, in this ment of the present one, by the opening of the Genesee county. John W. Guernsey informs the writer that this road when built was surveyed under the supervision and direction of Uriah Spencer, from the Strawbridge Marsh along the west and north bank of Crooked Creek, cross- ing the creek a mile west of the village of Tioga, and made to form a junction on the Tioga River with the Williamson road, by which it reached the 109th mile stone. Valley and neighboring regions to purchase and settle- ment; and this was instrumental in securing acts of the Legislature of Pennsylvania for the establishment of roads leading from the central settled portions of the State to the northern boundary line, and also for the im- provement of the navigable highways of the upper waters and tributaries of the Susquehanna. By act of April roth 1792 the governor was empowered to appoint commis- sioners for viewing and laying out a road from opposite Wilkes-Barre, on the west side of the Susquehanna, to Wyalusing or Meshoppen Creek; thence, crossing the river, to run northwesterly to intersect Ellicott's road at or near Tioga Point; and to appropriate for its construc- tion £100. " Also for laying out a road from Loyal- sock Creek, on the west branch of the Susquehanna, to the Tawanisco [ Cowanesque] branch of Tioga, and to ex- tend up to the 109th mile stone;" £100 was appropriated for this enterprise. This last provision, it will be seen, is the foundation of the construction of the "Williamson road," commenced in the month of September of the same year, completed to Canoe Camp on the Tioga River by the following spring, and shortly thereafter to the State line at Lawrenceville, near the mouth of the Cowanesque branch of the Tioga. As $700 was appropriated by the governor for the construction of the Wilkes Barre and Tioga Point road, and a subsequent grant of $600 was made to com- plete it, it is possible a larger sum was paid for the Loyal- sock and " Tawanisco " road than that expressed in the act. Captain Charles Williamson, subsequently commis- sioned a general,agent for the Phelps and Gorham lands in western New York, was the contractor for the road, and the work was done under the supervision of Robert and Benjamin Patterson, two energetic and experienced pioneers. Robert married Rachel Boone, cousin to the celebrated Daniel Boone, of Kentucky fame. The beau- tiful tribute paid by Lord Byron, in the 60th to 67th stanzas of the eighth canto of " Don Juan," to Daniel Boone and his descendants, as exemplifying the health, vigor, longevity, freedom of spirit and simplicity of life that accompany the pioneer backwoodsman, would seem in a measure to be due to the Pattersons, not only on account of the relationship they might claim to that celebrated character, but from a similarity of vocation.
An'account has already been given of the State boun- dary line survey. The goth mile stone on the line stands in the village of Lawrenceville, between the Tioga and Cowanesque Rivers, near the east side of Main street, and about ten rods north of Mill street. On the map of the ninetieth mile survey, as returned by the commis- sioners, the course of the Tioga River is very definitely laid down, and conforms to that as mapped at the pres- ent day. On it the present Newtown Creek is desig. nated as " Cayuga Creek." John Melish, on his map of Pennsylvania, published by authority of the State in 1825, designates the river as Tioga. The name Chemung, as at present applied to the Tioga River from the mouth of the Conhocton to its junction with the Susquehanna, has chiefly grown into use since about 1825 or 1830. The Indian signification of the word is said to be " Big Horn," and the name is used in commemoration of find- ing, at quite an early period, either in the stream of the Tioga or on its bank, eleven miles above Tioga Point, a large incurvated horn, six feet nine inches long, 21 inches in circumference at its base and 15 inches at its tip, with probably two or three feet lost at each end by de- cay. The existence of this horn was certainly known in 1795, and probably as early as 1778. The township of Chemung was one of the divisions of Tioga county, N. Y., at the former date, and had in 1796, by the State census, Si electors; and in 1778 Colonel Adam Hubley, in two letters, one to the supreme council of Pennsyl- vania and one to Congress, dated at Sunbury October 8th, speaks of the "Cheming," but rather as a district or locality than as applied to the river. As evidence of this there is a letter of his of the following year, addressed to President Reed, dated at " Fort Sullivan, on Tioga branch, August 24th 1779," only five days previous to the battle of Newtown Creek, and as one of the officers accompanying General Sullivan's expe- dition to the Genesee country. He says: "Since the forming the junction [with General Clinton] the army has received orders to hold themselves in readiness to march on to-morrow morning. Since our arrival here we have erected a fort [Fort Sullivan]. A garrison of 250 men will be left during our excursion through the Seneca country. My officers and men who were wounded in the action of the 13th, at Chemung, are all likely to do well."
By act of April 8th 1799, "to open a more direct and better route to the Genesee Valley country, the old road being in bad condition," the governor was " authorized to receive proposals for laying out and opening a road, not less than twenty feet wide, from the town of Newberry, in the county of Lycoming, to Morris's Mills; thence by the best and most direct route to the northeast corner of Strawbridge's Marsh, at or near thereto as may be; and thence by the nearest and best route to the 109th mile stone. The Soth mile stone is the northeast corner and the 115th the north- THE WORD "TIOGA "-RELATIONS WITH THE INDIANS. west corner of Tioga county. The 109th mile stone is at or near the crossing of the north branch of Troup's The term Tioga, as applied to the once very large dis- Creek, a tributary of the Cowanesque, and a short dis- trict of old Tioga county, New. York, also to the town-
2.46
HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY.
ship of the whole northern part of the old county of Luzerne (extending from the boundary line south as far as Wyalusing), to the county of Tioga in Pennsylvania, and to the principal stream which flows through a large dis- trict of the country named, had its origin as early at least as 1749, and was frequently mentioned during the old French war of 1754-60, and that of the Revolution. Like most Indians names it went through quite a variety of spellings, as the judgment of the writer might best in- terpret its pronunciation to the ear; until at length, dur- ing the Revolution, it settled down to its present uniform orthography. The earliest written forms of the word are Diahoga, Diahogo, Diaoga, Tiaoga, Tayego, and Teogo; and once, in a letter of David Jameson to Edward Ship- pen, as early as October 13th 1756, it has its present spelling. As to the signification of the word various in- terpretations have been given. Laidlaw's dictionary gives it " How swift the current," and Webster's, follow- ing probably the same authority, "Swift current." An old tradition of our own township, forty years ago, made it mean " Sweet water;" and Josiah Emery, in one of a series of historical articles written for the Wellsboro Agitator in 1881, says it means " Head-water."
Nothwithstanding the various interpretations of the word Tioga, the writer thinks he has obtained one from the most authentic and reliable source to be found in the State, that is much more probable and definite. It is furnished him through the courtesy of Lloyd P. Smith, librarian of the old " Library Company of Philadelphia," founded in 1731, to which was bequeathed by President James Logan his valuable and rare collection of old books and manuscripts, the most valuable probably in the United States. As provision was made in this be- quest for the office of librarian of the Library Company to be held in perpetuity by some one of his descendants, it is supposed that Mr. Smith is one by a female branch. He has been librarian twenty years or more; is an author, a linguist, and a gentleman of extensive knowledge of books and literature, and a few years ago combined with the duties of librarian those of editor of Lippincott's Mag- azine. Mr. Smith says:
" According to Matthew S. Henry's manuscript dic- tionary, Tioga is an Iroquois word, and means 'Gate.' This is confirmed by the enclosed passage from Richel's Names of the Lenni-Lenape: 'Tioga (one of the tributaries of the Susquehanna, draining Tioga county), corrupted from Tiaoga, an Iroquois word, signifying a gate-a place of entrance. (Note.) This name was given by the Six Nations to the wedge of land lying within the forks of the Tioga and north branch of Susquehanna, in passing which streams the traveler entered their territory, as through a gate. The country south of the forks was Delaware country. David Zeisberger, who traveled that way to Onondaga in 1750, told me that at Tiaoga, or the Gate, Six Nation Indians were stationed for the purpose of ascertaining the character of all persons who crossed over into their country, and that whoever entered their territory by another way than through the gate, or by way of the Mohawk, was suspected by them of evil pur- poses, and treated as a spy or enemy.' "
tions Tioga as one of the seven gates to the country of the Iroquois."
David Zeisberger, as appears by a letter written by him, under date of May 28th 1774, was a Moravian mis- sionary at a place called Schonbrunn.
The fact of the Indians of the Six Nations turning back other Indians and also white men from their Tioga gateway is confirmed by various authorities.
The Senecas occupied the whole western portion of the State of New York, and also western Pennsylvania, in- cluded in the treaty and purchase of 1784. In this sale, and those to Phelps and Gorham and Robert Morris, they reserved the right of hunting game within the limits of said districts; hence it was no unusual thing for the early settlers of our county to see within its limits, up even to the year 1830 -- though diminishing in number, and less frequently as the years advanced-small squads of these Indians, either on hunting expeditions, or passing through to visit friends and acquaintances in some other locality.
A party of Senecas, hunting on Pine Creek, had two of their number killed on the 27th of June 1790, by a Walker family of three sons, whose father had been killed by Indians; and they were aided in the murder by one Samuel Doyle. The Walkers were named respectively Benjamin, Henry and Joseph, and were aged 28, 25 and 23, and Doyle 27 years. Joseph Walker, the youngest of the brothers, had been chain bearer for the commission- ers in running the New York and Pennsylvania boundary line. Robert Fleming, Colonel John Chatham, and twenty-five other inhabitants living on the west branch below the mouth of Pine Creek, apprehensive of an at- tack by the Indians in retaliation, wrote Lieutenant Hub- ley, in command of a military force at Northumberland, under date of the roth of July 1790, saying that all the inhabitants for seventeen miles from the mouth of Pine Creek had fled their habitations for safety, and request- ing that a force of thirty or forty men, properly armed and equipped, be sent to their defense and to aid them in securing their crops. This was not done; but a proc- lamation issued by President Mifflin, offering a reward for the arrest and bringing to justice of the murderers, was sent in place. The reason assigned by the Walkers for killing the two Indians was that one of them boasted of having taken twenty-three scalps, and that a woman was still living who was ready to testify that he had scalped her at the same time that John Walker, the fa- ther, was killed and scalped. Samuel Doyle was subse- quently arrested and confined in the Lancaster jail; was tried at Sunbury and acquitted, November 12th 1790, but held to bail in the sum of £200 for good behavior. Robert Fleming was one of the grand jury, and Benja- min Patterson of the petit jury, sitting on his trial. Robert Fleming, son of the one here spoken of, was a distinguished lawyer at the Lycoming bar up to about 1850 or 1855.
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