USA > Pennsylvania > Tioga County > History of Tioga County, Pennsylvania, with Illustrations, portraits and sketches of prominent families and individuals > Part 8
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The grand jury at the August term for the year 1881 (composed of John L. Sexton jr., foreman, John B. Bush, A. E. Cleveland, C. R. Taylor, Philip Tubbs, Thomas Nicholas, S. W. Sherman, L. B. Brown, Evan Lewis, A. W. Dimmick, Thomas S. Gillet, R. R. English, Henry Mowrey, S. H. Wetmore, Horace Reep, R. B. Ferry, Joseph B. Rumsey, Robert B. Howland and G. WV. Potter), in its report to the judges of the court of common pleas, among other things unanimously made the following recommendation: "We also visited the quarters assigned to the insane and imbecile, and found that the building and accommodations are inadequate; and would therefore recommend that the county com- missioners be empowered to erect a substantial building, either of brick or stone, with suitable appliances for heating and ventilating the same, the cost of said build- ing not to exceed the sum of thirteen thousand dollars."
The following is a list of post-offices in Tioga county, with the township or borough in which each is located:
Ansonia, Shippen; Antrim, Duncan; Arnot, Bloss; Barfelden, Liberty; Blossburg, Blossburg borough; Brookfield, Brookfield township; Canoe Camp, Rich- mond; Charleston, Charleston; Chase's Mills, Ward; borough, 197. Total, 13,622.
Chatham Valley, Chatham; Cherry Flats, Charleston; Covington, Covington borough; Cowanesque Valley, Westfield; Crooked Creek, Middlebury; Daggett's Mills, Jackson; Delmar, Delmar; East Charleston, Charleston; East Chatham, Chatham; Elkland, Elkland borough; Elk Run, Sullivan; Fall Brook, Fall Brook borough; Farmington Center, Farmington; Gaines, Gaines; Glea- son, Union; Farmington Hill, Farmington; Hammond, Middlebury; Keeneyville, Middlebury; Knoxville, Knoxville borough; Lamb's Creek, Richmond; Lansing; Letonia, Elk; Lawrenceville, Lawrenceville borough; Liberty, Liberty township; Little Marsh, Chatham; Lloyd's, Morris; Mainsburg, Mainsburg borough; Mans- field, Mansfield borough; Maple Ridge, Jackson; Marsh- field, Gaines; Middlebury Center, Middlebury; Miller- ton, Jackson; Mitchell's Creek, Tioga; Mixtown, Clymer; Morris, Morris; Morris Run, Hamilton; Nauvoo, Liberty; Nelson, Nelson; Niles Valley, Middlebury; Ogdensburg, Union; Osceola, Osceola; Potter Brook, Westfield; Round Top, Charleston; Rutland, Roseville borough; Sabins- ville, Clymer; Somers Lane, Lawrence; Stony Fork, Delmar; Stokesdale, Delmar; Sullivan, Sullivan; Tioga, Tioga borough; Wellsboro; West Covington, Covington; Westfield, Westfield borough.
The population of Tioga county according to the census of 1880 was as follows:
Bloss township, 2,814 (including Arnot, 2,783); Bloss- burg borough, 2,140; Brookfield township, 910; Charles- ton, 2,193 (including the following villages: Card Town 44, Cherry Flats 30, Whitneyville 112); Chatham town- ship, 1,317; Clymer township, 1, 121 (including Sabins- ville, 170); Covington borough, 343; Covington town- ship, 1,134; Deerfield township, 908; Delmar township, 2,524; Duncan township (including Antrim), 1,791; Elk township, 462 (including Leetonia village, 195); Fall Brook borough, 860; Farmington township, 995; Gaines township, 508; Hamilton township (including Morris Run), 2,060; Jackson township, 1,824; Knoxville borough, 459; Lawrence township, 1, 168; Lawrenceville borough, 426; Liberty township, 1,629; Mainsburg borough, 239; Mansfield borough, 1,611; Middlebury township, 1,737 (including Keeneyville, 133); Morris township, 622; Nelson township, 604; Osceola township, 790; Richmond township, 1,512; Rutland township, 1,249 (including Roseville borough, 185); Shippen town- ship, 441; Sullivan township, 1,345; 520; Tioga borough, Tioga township, 1,258; Union township, 1,789; Ward township, 327; Wellsboro, 2,228; Westfield bor- ough, 579; Westfield township, 907. Total, 45,344.
Following is an enumeration of the taxable inhabitants in the several townships and boroughs of Tioga county:
Brookfield, 311; Bloss, 561; Blossburg, 678; Charles- ton, 617; Chatham, 396; Clymer, 374; Covington town- ship, 389; Covington borough, 158; Deerfield, 270; Delmar, 903; Duncan, 378; Elk, 166; Elkland, 139; Fall Brook, 138; Farmington, 309; Gaines, 158; Ham- ilton, 428; Jackson, 581; Knoxville, 197; Lawrenceville, 162; Lawrence, 380; Liberty, 507; Mainsburg, 95; Mansfield, 392; Middlebury, 534; Morris, 196; Nelson, 181; Osceola, 198; Richmond, 438; Roseville, 73; Rut- land, 353; Shippen, 160; Sullivan, 406; Tioga township, 391; Tioga borough, 192; Union, 506; Ward, 132; Wellsboro, 686; Westfield township, 292 ;. Westfield
37
TAXATION STATISTICS-ROADS AND NAVIGATION.
The following figures show the value of real estate exempt from taxation:
Brookfield, $8,150; Bloss, $3,550; Blossburg, $17,750; Charleston, $19.500; Chatham, 813,150; Clymer, $5,500; Covington township, $3,800; Covington borough, $7,300; Deerfield, $375; Delmar, $9,100; Duncan, $2,400; Elk, $1,400; Elkland, $12,200; Fall Brook, $2,700; Farming- ton, $6,600; Gaines, $8,500; Hamilton, $1,800; Jackson, $13,650; Knoxville, $6,600; Lawrence, $2,200; Law- renceville, $3.450; Liberty, $6,100; Mainsburg, $12,850; Mansfield, $37,100; Middlebury, $6,600; Morris, $2,000; Nelson, $6,100; Osceola, $12,500; Richmond, $5,600; Roseville, $3,200; Rutland, 87,700; Shippen, $1,400; Sullivan, $5,500; Tioga township, $5,200; Tioga bor- ough, $8,150; Union, $2,425; Ward, $2,800; Wellsboro, $42,600; Westfield township, $2,000: Westfield borough, $2,650. Total, $322, 150.
Aggregate value of real estate taxable.
Brookfield, $170,138; Bloss, $115,083; Blossburg, $168,945; Charleston, $398,218; Chatham, $205,943; Clymer, $177,504; Covington township, $196,644; Cov- ington borough, $34,482; Deerfield, $206,832; Delmar, $427,235; Duncan, $92,724; Elk, $118,600; Elkland, $75,816; Fall Brook, $41,338; Farmington, $198,845; Gaines, $113,733; Hamilton, $95,323; Jackson, $272,- 594; Knoxville, $53,323; Lawrence, $153,454; Lawrence- ville, $60, 113; Liberty, $291,768; Mainsburg, $32,500; Mansfield, $114,933; Middlebury, $242,822; Morris, $102,486; Nelson, $69,621; Osceola, $108,431; Rich- mond, $295,722; Roseville, $14,177: Rutland, $230,903; Shippen, $92,665; Sullivan, $394,389; Tioga township, $206,114; Tioga borough, $96,456; Union, $213,770; Ward, $72,672; Wellsboro, $3-46,313; Westfield, $144,- 348; Westfield borough, $68,934. Total, $6,470,911.
Aggregate value of property taxable for county pur- poses, $7,052,444.
CHAPTER IV.
EARLY WAGON ROADS-NAVIGATION-RAILROADS-STAGE LINES-TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION.
N the year 1806 a State road was ordered to be laid out from the Moosic mountains west- ward, passing through the counties of Brad- ford, Tioga and Potter. This road entered Tioga county in the present township of Sul- livan and ran west through that township to Covington borough, thence west through the town- ships of Covington, Charleston and Delmar to Wellsboro; thence west into Potter county. This public thorough- fare contributed largely toward the settlement of the county, and gave its inhabitants a more direct communi- ยท cation with the citizens of Bradford county and the towns on the north branch of the Susquehanna and east- ward.
The Tioga River, running north into the State of New York, it was thought could be so improved as to render it navigable and safe for arks of coal (which had been discovered near Blossburg in the year 1792 by Robert and Benjamin Patterson and also for lumber and any other product of the valley of the Tioga and the county in general, and thus a thorough communication be opened with towns along the river in New York and the southern points along the Susquehanna to tide water. The Laurel Ridge of the Alleghanies obstructed a convenient passage directly south into Lycoming and Northumberland counties and central Pennsylvania, and to avoid climbing the mountain and descending its declivities it was deemed feasible thus to improve the river navigation. Com- mittees were appointed in Tioga county to confer with the citizens in the adjoining counties in New York Steuben and Tioga , to enlist them in the enterprise. Aaron Bloss and others in the year 1817 petitioned the Legislature to appropriate $10,000 toward improving the Williamson road over the mountains from Blossburg to the Lycoming. The petition was not granted, and there seemed no alternative for the citizens of the Tioga valley but to improve the Tioga River and make it navigable. This theme was under discussion several years, some portions of the river being cleared and widened by in- dividuals living along its course. In view of its ultimate consummation Judge John H. Knapp, of Elmira, erected a furnace at Blossburg in 1825, and commenced the manufacture of iron from ore found in the hills near by.
PLANK ROADS.
The citizens of Tioga county, as we have before stated, were public spirited and in favor of any project calculat- ed to improve the facilities for transportation or any thing which would tend to develop their resources. The building of the Corning and Blossburg Railroad in 1840 up the valley of the Tioga accommodated those living along the line of that road, while towns in the valley of Crooked Creek and the central portion of the county, surrounding Wellsboro, were not as well accommodated as they desired. Plank roads at that time were being constructed where railroads were not feasible, and were highly beneficial in many localities where a large amount of "teaming " had to be performed. In April 1848 the Tioga and Elmira Plank Road Company was incorporat- ed. The object of this road was to connect with a plank road leading out of Elmira up Seeley Creek to the State line, the distance over the mountain to Elmira from Tioga being only about twenty-three miles. Work not having been commenced by the Tioga and Elmira Plank Road Company in 1848 a supplement to the act was passed April 5th 1849, extending by seven years the time for building the road, and the following named persons were appointed additional commissioners to com- plete the work: James Miller, Seth Daggett, Edsell Mitchell, Levi J. Nichols, Henry H. Potter, Josiah Emery, Stephen L. Parmeter, John Stowell, Wright Dun- ham and Hector Miller. This act was supplemented by
Immediately after the war of 1812 the idea of making the Tioga River navigable as far south as Blossburg was thoroughly discussed. Crooked Creek, a tributary of the Tioga River, was declared a public highway in 1817. another May 14th 1850, creating the Tioga and Law-
38
HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY.
renceville Company, with power to extend its road to Wellsboro, and repealing the acts of 1848 and 1849 in- corporating the Tioga and Elmira Plank Road Company. The supplement created a new body of incorporators, consisting of W. B. Clymer, William E. Dodge, Edward Bayer, George McCloud, Levi J. Nichols, Josiah Emery, R. G. White, H. H. Potter, Edsell Mitchell, Daniel Hol- liday jr., D. G. Stevens, Sylvester Beckwith, Seth Dag- gett, David A. Clark, Vine Depuy, T. J. Berry, T. L. Baldwin, C. H. Seymour, Joseph Aiken, Abel Humphrey, Austin Lathrop, Moses S. Baldwin, Pardon Damon, Wil- liam K. Mitchell and Lyman Fish; and empowered them to take possession of the highway, etc. The portion of road from Tioga to Wellsboro was put under contract and soon finished. For many years this road was ex- tensively traveled. Before the building of the Lawrence- ville and Wellsboro railroad (in 1872), now known as the Corning, Cowanesque and Antrim, immense quantities of lumber, merchandise and agricultural products were hauled over it. A number of years afterward, the plank becoming worn out, the company obtained a supplement to its charter allowing it to convert the road into a turn- pike. It is thus used now.
The history of this enterprise, from its conception in 1845 to its completion in the year 1851, was at times exciting, and much spirit was manifested during the progress of its various phases. More than thirty years have passed; the animosities and warm blood stirred up have cooled down, the rough and jagged points in the controversy have been worn and smoothed away by time, and it is better that they be not revived again in this history. The road accomplished the end desired. It aided the lumbermen in Middlebury and Delmar to get their timber to market; secured to the merchants of Wellsboro an easier mode of transporting their goods from the depot at Tioga, and enabled those who had be- gun Jumbering on Pine Creek to obtain cheaper supplies for their camps. This in fact was the first public thor- oughfare to Wellsboro which had been improved since the building of the State road in the year 1806, to which we have already referred. It will be seen that the list of names of the incorporators includes that of W. B. Cly- mer, the agent for the Bingham estate, who had in 1845 established the general land office of that estate at Wells- boro, and who was anxious that settlers upon the lands already sold by him should have increased facilities for communication with those of the valley of the Tioga, as well as that there should be additional inducements to new settlers. The name also of William E. Dodge ap- pears as one of the corporators. The firm of Phelps & Dodge owned thousands of acres of pine lands, through which the road passed, and it afforded them great facili- ties for getting their lumber to market, especially from those lands facing Crooked Creek Valley and the waters of the Tioga. It also benefited H. H. Potter, of Middle. bury; Daniel Holliday, of Holliday's; Vine Depuy, T. J. Berry, C. H. Seymour, Joseph Aiken and Edward Bayer, of Tioga; and Hon. R. G. White and Josiah Emery, of Wellsboro; while contributing generally to the
convenience and prosperity of those along its line and at its terminus, Wellsboro. Perhaps no small investment made in the county contributed more to advance the price of lumber and lands, or was of more benefit to the community within its influence, than the Tioga and Lawrenceville plank road. The road from Lawrence- ville.to Tioga was never finished-only that part leading from Tioga to Wellsboro, a distance of seventeen miles.
NAVIGATION PROJECTS.
The Legislature had passed an act in March 1823 for the improvement of the Susquehanna from Northumber- land to Columbia, in Lancaster county, and had ap- pointed Jabez Hyde jr., John McMeans and Samuel L. Wilson to superintend the work, and it was expected by the citizens of Tioga county that as soon as this work was completed the upper waters of the Susquehanna would receive the favorable consideration of the law- makers of the State. Raftsmen who had descended the Tioga and Susquehanna Rivers were returning with glowing accounts of the progress of internal improve- ments in central Pennsylvania. In fact, the great States of New York and Pennsylvania were preparing for the grand career of public improvements for which they were subsequently distinguished, and the pioneer of Tioga county felt his pulse quickened in view of the pleasing prospects before him.
At the session of 1826 the Legislature passed what has been generally known as the General Improvement act, which aroused the people from the Delaware on the east to the Ohio and Lake Erie on the west and north- west.
Steamboat and navigation companies were char- tered, also companies for building railroads and canals besides those that were undertaken exclusively by the State. New York had with like public spirit about com- pleted the Erie Canal, leading from Albany on the Hud- son to Buffalo on the shores of Lake Erie, and was contemplating the construction of lateral canals, that would serve as feeders. One of these was to commence at Binghamton, near the north line of Susquehanna county, and another would connect the waters of Seneca Lake with the Chemung River at Elmira, eight miles north of the. Bradford county line, with a branch ex- tending to Painted Post, ten miles north of the Tioga county line. The atmosphere was completely laden with canal projects. In consonance with a general plan of canal navigation, which was to connect Philadelphia with the waters of the Allegheny and Ohio, canal routes were surveyed from the "City of Brotherly Love" to Lancaster; thence to Harrisburgh on the Susque- hanna; thence to the mouth of the Juniata, up that beautiful stream to the base of the Alleghanies, cross- ing the mountains by inclines, and thence down the Conemaugh or Kiskiminetas to Pittsburgh, at the con- fluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers. Another route proposed led from the mouth of the " blue Juniata " up the main branch of the Susquehan- na to Northumberland; and while one arm of the grand trunk would extend up the north branch to Wilkes-
RAILROAD COMMUNICATIONS INTRODUCED.
.
Barre and thence northward, passing through Pittston, the coal trade between Blossburg and Syracuse, N. Y., Tunkhannock and Towanda, to Athens or Tioga Point, the Chemung Canal having been completed to Corning. near Painted Post. One report of these operations, which we have before us, states that " they only got as far as Chimney Narrows" on their route to Syracuse. This mode of navigation was soon abandoned.
on the northern boundary of the State, the other arm was to reach up the west branch from Northumberland, passing through Milton, Muncy, Williamsport and Jersey Shore to Dunn's Island (now Lock Haven). There dividing, one branch would follow up the Bald Eagle, and the other up the west branch of the Susquehanna to Queens Run, even passing the mouth of Kettle Creek, and extending up the Clearfield and Sinnama- honing branches. Another projected canal was to leave Philadelphia and run parallel with the Schuylkill through the counties of Montgomery, Chester and Berks, and have its terminus in the coal regions of the upper Schuylkill at Pottsville; while another was to leave the Delaware at Easton, and by means of slack-water
TIOGA AND ELMIRA STATE LINE RAILROAD.
Railroads were then attracting the attention of the civilized world, and their utility and feasibility were be- ing demonstrated. Alive to any known means whereby the citizens of Tioga county could obtain a safe, reliable and effective mode of transportation for their products, the Tioga Navigation Company caught the spirit of the hour and obtained from the Legislature a supplement to its charter, allowing it to construct a railroad from Bloss- navigation ascend the lehigh through the counties of burg to the State line at Lawrenceville, a distance of Northampton, Lehigh and Carbon, touching the borders about twenty-five miles, to run parallel with the Tioga of Luzerne at White Haven.
As an earnest of the intention of the State to carry out these projects, on the 14th day of March 1827 the corner stone of Penn lock, named in honor of William Penn, was laid at the city of Harrisburg with great cere- mony, in the presence of Governor Schultz, ex-Governor Findlay, the governor of Tennessee, the speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (Hon. Joseph Ritner), members of the Senate and House, the masonic fraternity, the borough councils, the military organiza- tions and citizens generally, who turned out with music and banners to celebrate this important event in the his- tory of internal improvement in the old "Keystone." The stone thus placed contained the names of the mem. bers of the Legislature at the time of the passage of the act and the name of the governor of the State, J. Andrew Schultz, who approved the act.
River. This was one of the most important events which had transpired in the history of this new county. The settlement of the county had been rapid before this event. The census of 1830 had shown a population of 8,978, with quite a number of grist-mills and between thirty and forty saw-mills, a furnace for the manufacture of iron from the native ores, a foundry, and several other industrial establishments. Semi-bituminous coal had been discovered in great quantities at Blossburg and vicinity; it had been conveyed to Albany and examined by the members of the New York Legislature, and its usefulness for blacksmithing and steam generating had been demonstrated. This in fact had been one of the great levers applied to the New York Legislature to in- fluence it in the passage of the bill for the construction of the Chemung Canal; and now, when the people of Albany were familiar with the use of the coal, a company was formed, prominent among the members of which was Hon. Erastus Corning, to construct a railroad from the head of canal navigation near Painted Post to inter- sect the Blossburg railroad at Lawrenceville. This step on the part of the capitalists of Albany was the initial one in the founding of the now enterprising and thrifty town of Corning, the half-shire of the county of Steuben; while the action of the Pennsylvania company resulted in the building up of the villages of Blossburg, Covington and Mansfield and other towns along its line in the valley of the Tioga, and finally culminated in the estab- lishment of the immense coal trade of Tioga county, and its present lines of railroad communication. The entire line from Corning to Blossburg was completed in 1840. In the year 1852 a railroad was completed from Bloss- burg to the coal mines at Morris Run, a distance of about four miles, under the direction of Colonel Pharon Jarrett, for the Tioga Improvement Company.
Is it any mystery, then, that the citizens of Tioga-the Fords, Ryons, Guernseys, Parkhursts, Manns, Spencers, Blosses, Morrises, Knoxes, Putnams, Bakers, Tubbses, Beechers, Nileses, Davitts, Knapps, Norrises, Wellses, Baches, Lambs, Dyers, Wilsons, Mitchells, Berrys, Bushes, Daniel L. Sherwood, R. G. White, and a host of others-should in their Tioga homes become inspired with the spirit of improvement, when on every hand, north and south, east and west, both in New York and Penn- sylvania, the State governments were exercising their whole energies to develop the resources of their several States? The agitation of this subject finally resulted in the incorporation of the Tioga River Navigation Com. pany, and, by a series of supplements, the Blossburg and Corning Railroad Company. Under their charter as a navigation company the parties interested attempted to improve the navigation of the Tioga, and called to their aid Miller Fox, of Towanda, an eminent civil engineer, who subsequently was chief engineer of the Blossburg In 1862 and 1863 it seemed that almost every able- bodied man had left the county and gone in defense of the " old flag ;" in consequence of the great drain upon the hardy yeomanry of the county labor commanded a high price. From 1860 to 1872 a large accession to the and Corning Railroad. He made a survey and an estimate of the cost of putting the stream in a navigable condi- tion. Considerable work was done, and in 1836 arks were built at Spencer's Mills, at Canoe Camp, by Christian H. Charles and Charles Sykes, intended for business interests of Tioga county was realized. In 1862
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40
HISTORY OF TIOGA COUNTY.
the Salt Company of Syracuse leased the coal mines of the Tioga Improvement Company at Morris Run, and commenced business on a larger scale. This company operated the mines two years; then sold its interest to the Morris Run Coal Company, which made still larger
improvements, and increased the capacity of the mines to |officers invited a company to celebrate its opening by an more than two thousand tons per day.
By an act of the Legislature approved April 11th 1866 Constant Cook, John Arnot, Charles Cook, Henry Sher- wood, Franklin N. Drake, Ferral C. Dininy, Henry H. Cook and Alonzo Webber were incorporated under the title of the Blossburg Coal Company. Immediately thereafter a contract was entered into by the company with Sherwood & McLean to build a railroad from Blossburg to the company's coal fields, which were situ- ated on Johnson Creek, about four miles southwest from Blossburg. The railroad was completed during the sum- mer and a mining town founded, which bears the name of Amnot, in honor of Hon. John Arnot, of Elmira, one of the company. A full history of the operations of this company will be found in the history of Arnot.
the township of Morris, a distance of about fourteen miles. This road runs through a wild and unsettled country-in fact an unbroken forest -- and is designed to be used as a coal, lumber and freight road. At its ter minus is the Woodland Tannery of Hoyt Brothers, one of the largest tanneries in the world, a description of which will appear in the proper place. The building of this new railroad has more significance than appears at first. It has been the wish and desire of the people of Tioga county to obtain direct railroad communication with Williamsport and the southern portion of the com- monwealth. The completion of this road will place them so much nearer the consummation of their object.
The people of Elmira had long wished for direct rail- road communication with the valley of the Tioga, and on the 23d of April 1872 the enterprise took a definite shape. At that date, through the exertions of Stephen T. Arnot, George M. Diven, S. T. Reynolds and others, the Elmira and State Line Railroad Company was in- corporated, to build a railroad from Elmira to a point at or near Lawrenceville. The charter directors of the com- pany were George M. Diven, Silas Haight, Jefferson B. Clark, Robert T. Turner, Erastus P. Hart, John T. Rath- bun, Thomas J. Lormore, W. R. Judson, Stephen T. Arnot, Samuel H. Wadsworth and William M. Gregg; and the officers were: president, Stephen T. Arnot; vice- president and treasurer, George M. Diven; secretary, S. T. Reynolds.
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