USA > Pennsylvania > Carbon County > History of the counties of Lehigh and Carbon, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Pt. 2 > Part 5
USA > Pennsylvania > Lehigh County > History of the counties of Lehigh and Carbon, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Pt. 2 > Part 5
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90
Emaus, for its population, has first-class business buildings and homes, and living there is said to be mueli cheaper and better than in any other town with
its facilities. Two large reservoirs, situated upon the mountain, furnish the town with pure spring-water, and also a supply for fire purposes, the town being well equipped with fire-plugs, and also hose-cart, lad- ders, and abont fifteen hundred feet of best leather fire-hose.
The public-school system is in vogue with a six months' school term, with a fair class of teachers and officers.
The present officers of the borough consist of Wil- liam H. Hamman as burgess, six councilmen, who are elected annually, Raham Shuler, treasurer, and Silas Ott, water commissioner.
Early Settlers .- The settlers at or near the site of Emaus in 1742 were Jacob Ehrenhard, Andrew Gearing, Abraham Ziegler, George Christ, and Fred- erick Winch.
Jacob Ehrenhard lived in the house now owned by Hiram S. Getz, of Reading. He had several daughters, who married and settled in Nazareth.
Andrew Gearing lived in a log house at the lower end of the town (since remodeled, and now owned by John Schwartz). He came to this country a single man, married here, and worked at his trade, which was shoemaking. He had several sons, among whom were John and Andrew. The former purchased land not far from the town, where he lived and died. 1Ie had four sons, -John J., who is now living at Emaus, at the age of eighty-one years ; William and Thomas, who died in Emaus ; and one who removed to another part of the State. Sylvester L. Gearing, the post- master at Emaus, is a son of Thomas.
George Christ built two log houses in the lower part of the town, both of which have been torn down. Howard Shipe is in possession of one of the lots, and Mrs. Peter Balliet of the other. He had five sons,- George, Jacob, Lewis, Henry, and Jonathan, all of whom except the last settled at Emaus. George was a hatter ; Jacob a tobacconist; Lewis kept the tav- ern ; Jonathan was a saddler; and Henry a farmer. None of the family are now in the borough.
Frederick Jobst. one of the most prominent resi- dents of a later period, was born in 1810 in Alsace- Lorraine, Germany, and emigrated with his parent, J. George, and his brother Francis to America in 1828, landing at New York, and at once proceeded to this section, where they at onee settled down, and the subject of this commenced to work at his trade, which was weaving, and shortly after he began playing the violin on festive occasions, at which he was an expert, having played at concerts and balls in the old coun- try, and teaching German school among the French residents of the country. Weaving soon got to be overdone, and he then became a laborer. In 1848, at the solicitation of some friends, he, with his two sons, Henry and John, whom he had also instructed in music, together with a few others, started on a trip South as far as Savannah, giving concerts, and met with unbounded success, arriving home, after an ab-
-
419
SALISBURY TOWNSHIP.
sence of about four months, with a fair, and at that time good, supply of money. He then commenced mining iron ore, and has continued at that up to date ; in the mean time, however, organizing and teaching brass and string bands throughout the county, many a time, for months in succession, working in the mine till five o'clock p.M., and then rushing home, and walking from three to eight miles to teach a band, and home again, and to the mine next morning, the brightest and cheeriest of all the workmen. At the age of seventy-four he is as hale as most young men of twenty-five. He is one of the largest landholders in this section of the county.
Emaus Moravian Church. - Work was com- menced by the Moravian Brethren in Salisbury towu- ship iu the autumn of 1741, when Count L. Zinzen- dorf, then on an official visit in this country, preached by request in the house of Jacob Ehrnhard. (Text, Matt. i. 14.) The historian says the sermon was very edifying, but much too short. In the autumn of 1742 the first church was erected near the present old cemetery, and the cemetery was laid out ; the land was donated by Jacob Ehruhard, and several additional traets were donated at a later day. From 1742 to 1747 the Brethren from Bethlehem preached here regularly, but the congregation was not organized until July 30, 1747, when a formal organization was effected, and the Rev. Anthon Wagner and his wife Elizabeth appointed to take charge of the work.
In this same year a boarding-school was commenced in a building erected for that purpose during the pre- vious year on the old cemetery lot. This institution was put in charge of Rev. Christopher Heyne, and successfully continued till 1753, when, ou account of the dangers of the then existing Indian war, it was for the sake of greater safety removed to Bethlehem, Pa.
The original founders of the congregation were the following: Sebastian and Catharina Knaus, Jacob and Barbara Ehruhard, Conrad and Catharine Wezel, Joseph and Susanna Graff, Peter and Margaretha Graff, Johannes and Catharina Knaus, Jacob and Loscher, Philip and --- Krazer, Jolin and Maria Köhler, Henry and Catharina Guth, Martin and Eliz- abeth Bamberger, Saumiel and Catharina Kopp, John and Veronica Landis, Jacob and Catharina Boerstler, Anton and Catharina Albrecht, George and Christi- anna Hartman, Tobias and Margareth Weber, Peter and - Hofmau, Rudy and - Oberly, Frederick and Maria Ranseuberger, Catharina Guth, Gertrude Cog, Rosina Pfingsttag, Rosina Moz, -forty-four members.
The following ministers served the congregation : 1747-50, Anton and Elizabeth Wagner; 1750-51, Joli W. and Rosina Michler ; 1751-52, Andreas and Dor. Horn ; 1752-53, John C. and Christina Francke ; 1753-55, Daniel and Xanna Neubert; 1755-56, George and Gertrude Schneider ; 1756-58, John C. and Mar- garet Engel ; 1758-60, John and Magdalena Schweitz- haupt; 1760-62, Daniel and Hanna Neubert ; 1762-63,
George and Maria Pitsohmann ; 1763-66, Anton and Elizabeth Wagner; 1766-73, Henry and Elizabeth Lin- denmeyer ; 1773-77, Andrew and Maria Langgard ; 1777-79, Francis and Anna Böhler ; 1779-85, John J. and Auna Schwihel ; 1785-86, Nicolaus L. and Anna Bageu; 1786-90, John and Maria Roth; 1790-91, John and Anna Beck; 1791-93, Bernhard and Sarah Grube; 1793-98, George and Auna Mueller; 1798- 1801, Ludwig F. and Maria Bochler; 1801-2, John and Anna Bardell; 1802-5, John and Susanna Molther ; 1805-7, John and Auna Bardill; 1807-9, Gottfried and Auna Oppelt; 1809-13, Theodore and Susanna Shulz; 1813-30, Paul and Anna Weiss ; 1830-36, John and Sophia Brickenstein ; 1836-38, Peter and Eliza Kluge; 1838-39, G. F. and Eliza Troeger; 1839- 41, Levin T. and Louisa Reichel ; 1844-46, Julius and Emma Bechler; 1846-53, Ambrose and Matilda Ronthaler ; 1853-60, John and Carolina Rugeunas; 1860-62, Edward and Annie Kluge ; 1862-64, Lorenz and Auna Oorten; 1864-68, Henry C. and Mary Bachman ; 1868-76, Julius and Maria and Ellen Wünsche; 1876-77, W. Il. and Dorothea Hoch ; 1877-79, Max. E. and Martha Grunert; 1879-82, Clemens and Caroline Reiuke ; 1882, L. P. and Sarah Clewell.
The first church was built, in 1746-47, entirely by voluntary gifts, donations of material and labor; the second one, in 1766, was also in a great measure built in the same manner, and the whole amount of cash expended amounted probably to not more than one hundred pounds, American currency ; the last church, built in 1836, cost in the neighborhood of four thou- sand dollars cash ; the chapel, built in 1876. cost about two thousand six hundred dollars, and the parsonage, with additions, two thousand dollars. The present value of the property, including the grounds, is from ten to twelve thousand dollars.
Evangelical Church.1-For several years prior to 1845 the Rev. Charles Hesser preached to people of this faith in the houses of Charles Fehr, Daniel Kech, and George Kemmerer. In that year the people forming the society, then numbering eighteen, erected a frame building, thirty by forty feet. This house was in use till 1873, when the society erected the present brick church edifice, forty by sixty-five feet, two stories high, at a cost of seven thousand dollars. The Rev. F. Hoffman was pastor in 1845. In the year 1869 a revival took place under the charge of S. Ely and J. K. Seifrit, by which seventy members were added to the church. In 1873 the Annual Con- ference set off Emaus from the Lehigh Circuit, and it was made a separate mission. It is now under the charge of the Rev. B. II. Miller. The church mem- bership is oue hundred aud fifteen, with a Sunday- school of one hundred and fifty pupils.
St. John's Lutheran and German Reformed Union Church .- Members of churches of both the
1 By Rev. B. H. Miller.
420
HISTORY OF LEHIGH COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
denominations here mentioned lived in and near Emaus; some came long distances to their respective churches. About the year 1876 preaching was com- menced in the Moravian Church by the Rev. A. J. G. Dubbs for the German Reformed, and the Rev. Wil- liam Roth for the Lutherans. The German Reformed congregation was at onee organized under the pastor- ate of Rev. Mr. Dubbs, who still has charge. On the 17th of March, 1882, a meeting of the German Re- formed congregation and members of the Lutheran society living in the vicinity was held, at which it was decided to erect a church edifice. The Lutherans were organized at onee into a society, with seventy- five members, under the care of the Rev. William Roth, who had been preaching to them at Emaus since 1876. The new church edifice was dedicated on the 12th of November, 1882. The Lutheran society numbers about eighty members, and the German Re- formed about one hundred and seventy-five.
Postmasters .- The exact date of the establishment of a post-office at Emans cannot be ascertained. The first postmaster of which any information can be ob- tained was William Horsfield, appointed many years ago. He was succeeded by William Rice, and then came successively Revs. Paul Weiss, John Gearing, and Henry Eshbach. Sylvanns Gearing, the present incumbent, was appointed postmaster July 9, 1856.
Taverns .- The date of opening the first tavern in the village is not known. It stood on the site of the present Emaus Hotel. It was kept by Lewis Christ and Thomas Knauss. The present hotel was built by Henry Wieber over forty years ago, and was kept by him several years.
The Eagle Hotel was built by Henry Fisher about 1850, and kept by him several years, and sold to John Heinly, who sold to Moses Wieand in 1858. Jacob Shipe, the present proprietor, purchased the property in 1868.
Justices of the Peace .- Following is a list of jus- tices of the peace from 1860 to date :
Commissioned. Commissioned.
Jacob Shipe ........ .April 10, 1860 | Samuel C. Lee ......... April 9, 1872
Aquilla Knauss ...... .. 10. 1560 Ab'ham Ziegenfuss, March 13, 1875
Honty W Jarrett ... .. 11, 1st,
Alham Ziegenfuss. . 30. 1550 s. J. Schummnachet n .. 11, 1565
Ab ham Ziegenfuss ... 9, 1567 William Shiller ..... April 9, Ussl
..
William Eberhard .. Match 30, 1882
Lodges .- Emaus Lodge, No. 378, Knights of Pythias, was organized in 1872 with twenty members, and now has one hundred and four members, with two thousand dollars invested in bonds, and pays five dollars per week as sick benefits, and seventy-five dol- lars at the death of a member. It is in a very flourish- ing condition, with a great many active and efficient members, and meets in the hall at the corner of South Fifth and New Streets. The present officers are Jacob T. Knauss, C. C .; Charles Acker, K. R. S .; Charles D. Brown, M. of E.
Emaus Division, No. 220, Sons and Daughters of Temperance, was organized Sept. 5, 1883, with eleven members. The present membership is thirty. It is
beneficial to subscribers only, is in a flourishing con- dition, and meets in Knights of Pythias Hall. The officers are B. II. Miller, W. P .; H. Baumgardner, F. S.
Young Men's Union, organized by the Mite So- ciety of the Moravian congregation in November, 1883, with eighteen niembers, at present has a mem- bership of thirty-two. It is devoted to furnishing at- traetive rooms and entertaining reading matter to the young men of the vicinity, and to create the habit of reading up the events and occurrences of the day. The officers are E. E. Kemper, Prest. ; Edward Jobst, Treas.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.
TINSLEY JETER.
The ancestors of the subject of this sketch were of English extraction, and among the earliest settlers in Virginia. His paternal grandfather, John Jeter, and his father, John Tinsley Jeter, were residents and owners of the village of Painesville, Amelia Co., a small place, whose name was given it in honor of Thomas Paine, the author of "The Age of Reason." His paternal grandmother was a Miss Chaffin, whose family formed part of a numerous race of tall, slender, red-haired, and long-lived individuals, whose descend- ants still retain in a great degree these character- istics.
John Tinsley Jeter was born in 1798, and married, in 1822, a Miss Elizabeth Newman, who died in 1835, leaving four children, the second of whom is the sub- ject of this biography. Ile was born at Painesville, May 7, 1827, and until the age of sixteen was a resi- dent of that place. In 18-13 his father removed from Virginia with his family to Missouri, where his son received his collegiate education at the State Uni- versity, located at Columbia, in that State.
In 1847 the father, becoming interested in commer- cial enterprises farther sonth, removed to New Or- leans, and in the spring of 1848 the son sailed for the West Indies and South America as the custodian of his father's business interests at those places. Ile was absent from the United States more than three years, the larger part of which time was spent in Caracas, the capital of Venezuela. In 1851 he re- turned to the land of his nativity, arriving in Phila- delphia, which city he decided to make his future home. He studied law under the Hon. Peter Me- Call, and was admitted to the bar in 1855. He be- came about the same time the proprietor of extensive and very valuable iron-mines in Lehigh County, which demanded so much of his attention and care that, in 1859, he relinquished his growing practice at the bar, and henceforth devoted himself entirely to the development of his mining property, becoming, with Jay Cooke, Esq., of Philadelphia, the builder
1
1
421
UPPER SAUCON TOWNSHIP.
of the Ironton Railroad. About the same time he made his home on Fountain IIill, near South Beth- leliem, where he has sinee resided. In 1866 he sold his entire mining interests to Robert Lennox Ken- nedy, Esq., president of the Bank of Commerce, New York, and since that time has devoted his undivided
While engaged in these pursuits of a personal char- aeter, Mr. Jeter has also contributed his full share to the edneational, charitable, and religious activities around him. The Church of the Nativity, Fountain Hill, one of the most flourishing in the State, may be said to be the outgrowth of a movement begun in his own dwelling. Lay services were conducted by him for two years in his home before the effort was made to erect a church, of which he is still a vestryman. Mr. Jeter may bealso ; ealled the founder of Bishopthorpe School for Girls, located near his residence. He has contributed more to it than all others together, and has been for many years chairman of its executive committee,-the only one they have had. In 1872 the Rev. Courtland Whitehead, then rector of the Church of the Nativity, but now Bishop of Pittsburgh, urged upon his vestry the establishment of a small hospital in connection with the work of the Episcopal Church in the Lehigh Valley. This was done, and in all the early stages the largest share of the work devolved upon the sub- jeet of this sketch. The charter of St. Luke's Hos- pital was written by him, and its passage by the Legislature secured. He was the only one of the three appointed to obtain subscriptions who consented to act, and sneceeded in obtaining within a month nearly double the amount hoped for. This hospital has since been the recipient of some of the princely liberality of Judge Packer and his sons, and is now a magnificent institution. Mr. Jeter was the first chair- man of its executive committee, and after an interval of some years is now again its chairman.
In politics Mr. Jeter, like his father, was in early life, "after the most straitest seet," a Whig. On the dissolution of that party he acted with that portion who advocated the election of Bell and Everett, and at the Presidential election of 1860 was the Presidential eleetor named for his district on that ticket. Since that time he has affiliated with the Democratic party, but has never sought office of any kind. In 1876 he was urged to permit the use of his name as a candi- date for Congress before the Democratic convention. He refused to make any political canvass or to expend any money for doubtful purposes. Though warmly supported, he did not receive the nomination.
He is a member of the Episcopal Church, though Mr. Jeter's ancestors were Baptists. The late distin- gnished Jeremiah B. Jeter, of Richmond, Va., whose biography may be found in Appleton's " Cyclopedia," was a cousin of his father.
In 1852, Mr. Jeter was married to Mary, daughter attention to the improvement and development of ; of Thomas S. Richards, Esq., of Philadelphia, who, that portion of South Bethlehem already mentioned as Fountain Hill, a large part of which belonged to him. In this his liberality and enterprise have been largely successful. Ile is president of the "South Bethlehem Improvement Company," whose whole capital is employed in the encouragement and estab- lishment of new industries in South Bethlehem, and who have lately erected the Excelsior Knitting-Mills. like his father, Samuel Richards, and grandfather, William Richards, were among the most extensive makers of iron in the States of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Three children are the issue of this marriage. John T., the only son, is a mining engineer in the ser- vice of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and located at Wilkesbarre. The daughters, Harriet and Mary, are not yet grown.
!
CHAPTER XXXI.
UPPER SAUCON TOWNSHIP.1
THE territory comprising the township of Upper Saucon 2 was first entered upon by Europeans, for the purpose of settling therein, between the years 1780 and 1735. Its original white settlers consisted of a mixed population of English, German," and Welsh descent, and belonging to the Quaker, Mennonite, German Reformed, and Lutheran denominations. The neighborhood of Coopersburg was settled ahost exclusively by Mennonites, that portion of the town- ship lying between Limeport and Lanark almost as exclusively by Quakers, while in the balance of the township the population was mixed, the German Re- formed and Lutherans predominating. It is probable, judging by their family names, that the population was even more mixed than this represents it, but as the settlements were sparse and many of the people poor, it was impracticable, if not impossible, for the followers of every creed to have their own place of worship: hence all of them worshiped, "from ne- cessity, if not from choice," with one of the other of these denominations.
A knowledge of the settlement of the township can be conveyed in no way better than by the following:
History of Original Titles .- On March 13, 1682, " William Penn, Chief Proprietor and Governor of ye Province of Pennsylvania, by Indentures of Lease and Release, conveyed to Matthew Marks, of Folk- stone, county of Kent, carpenter, the quantity of five thousand acres of land, to be allotted and set out in said Province in accordance with the terms of said
1 By Frank B. Heller.
" " Saucon," Indian origin, dorived from Sakunk, a name apparently first applied to an Indian village at the mouth of Sancon Creek, and afterwards to a large tract of country lying on both sides of the creek from ils source to its month. Sakunk was derived from Sa-ku-wit, the month of n creek.
3 Mostly Palatinales.
1
422
HISTORY OF LEHIGH COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
indentures. On the three and twentieth day of Au- gust of the same year Marks conveyed his title to these lands to Richard Haynes, Jr., of London, mer- chant." These indentures were made in England, the land to be located and surveyed thereafter. On Dec. 12, 1700, a warrant was issued to the heirs of Haynes, " who had died in the mean time," in pursu- ance of which there was surveyed and patented to them in 1730, in the right aforesaid, the aforesaid quantity of land, three tracts, of one hundred and fifty acres cach, which were located on or near "Sancong" Creek.
On June 23, 1743, the heirs of Haynes, for the con- sideration of $220 178., conveyed these three traets to Joseph Samuels, of "Saueong" Creek, joiner. He set- tled on the tract designated in his deed as No. 2, es- tablished his residence on the site of that now owned and occupied by David Horlocher, and lived here until Nov. 23, 1747, when he conveyed it to Henry Brunner, of Oley, by whose descendants a part of it has been held ever since, David Horlocher being a great-grandson of his. The tract is now owned by David Horlocher, Newberry Ulmer, Amos Heller, John G. Blank, and Charles T. Yeager.
On July 4, 1743, Samuels conveyed tract No. 1 to David Owen, of Philadelphia, who established his residence on the site now occupied by the tenant- house on the farm of Abraham Heller, deceased. A large part of this tract, too, might be said to have re- mained in the hands of the family ever since, Paul Heller, father of Abraham, having purchased it from his step-daughter, Elizabeth Owen, a great-grand- daughter of David Owen. The tract is now owned by the heirs of Abraham Heller (deceased), the heirs of Isaac Mast (deceased), John Brinker, G. W. Brinker, Jacob M. Erdman, Charles H. Erdman, and Peter Hottel.
On July 4, 1743, Samuels conveyed his remaining tract to his son, Isaac, who established his residence on the site of that now occupied by Alfred A. Sell, on the farm of Peter M. Sell. The traet is now owned by Peter M. Sell, Explain Weaver, Tilghman &moyer, John G. Blauk, Theophilus Kemmerer, and Abner Gerhard.
A short time before his death, in 1718, William Penn made his last will and testament, in which, among many other bequests, he bequeathed to his grandsons, Springet Penn and William Penn, each the quantity of ten thousand acres of land, to be allotted and set ont in some proper and beneficial places in the province of Pennsylvania. On April 10, 1729, Springet Penn conveyed his title to these lands to his brother William, who soon after conveyed his title to all to William Allen, to whom a warrant, under date of March 5, 1730, was issued, in pursnance of which the land was located and surveyed to him, ; one tract of three hundred and seventy-two acres and another of three hundred acres falling within the township. Allen soon after sold the greater part of
the three-hundred-and-seventy-two-acre tract to Philip Geissinger, and the greater part of the three-hundred- acre traet to John Reezer, both to yield and pay to him, if lawfully demanded, a quit-rent of one pepper- corn annually. The three-hundred-and-seventy-two- acre tract is now owned by the heirs of Andrew Bean (deceased), Henry Bean, Jacob Detweiler, Jacob Greenawalt, Jessiah Klein, Reuben Opp, Owen Heller, David Stover, Charles 11. Blank, and Thomas Trumbore. It is further occupied by the new ceme- teries adjoining the Blue Church property. The three-hundred-acre traet is now owned by Mr. Roth, late Abraham Stauffer's mill-property, John Landis, Jacob Landis, John Yoder, and Abel Strawn. A part of it is also embraced within the borough of Coopersburg.
On Jan. 30, 1732, a warrant was issued to Casper Wistar for several traets of land, one of three hundred acres of which was located in the township. On May 21, 1737, Wistar conveyed his title to this tract to George Zewitz, to whom or to Wistar it was confirmed by patent about this time. The tract is now owned by the heirs of Benjamin Landis (deceased), Samuel Hartranft, the heirs of Enos Erdman (deceased), Michael Landis, William Y. Landis, Jacob Basler, Jacob Geissinger, Samuel Geissinger, David Geissen- ger, John Clymer, and Jacob Kilpatrick.
On June 8, 1734, a warrant was issued to Christian Newcomer, in pursuance of which there was patented to him, May 8, 1738, a tract of one hundred and twenty-one and a half aeres, now owned by Solomon Stephens, John C. Newcomer, Lando K. Moyer, and Abraham Wimmer.
On Oet. 23, 1734, a warrant was issued to Jolm Burk for one hundred and fifty acres, but he not coni- plying with its terms it became void, and another warrant for the same tract was issued to Michael Cyder, or Seider, in pursuance of which it was pat- ented to him Sept. 20, 1752. Burk had established his residence on the site of the present mansion-house on the farm of Samuel Seider (deceased) ; he had also further improved the land, for all of which Seider paid him a sum mutually agreed upon. The greater part of this tract has remained in the Seider family ever since. It is now owned by the heirs of Samuel Seider (deceased), the heirs of Abraham Rice (de- ceased), James Dotterer, John Beck, William Weid- ner, Elias Nitrauer, and Peter Wittman.
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.