USA > Pennsylvania > Carbon County > History of the counties of Lehigh and Carbon, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Pt. 2 > Part 88
USA > Pennsylvania > Lehigh County > History of the counties of Lehigh and Carbon, in the commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Pt. 2 > Part 88
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Colliery No. 3 ...
350
No. 4 ...
275
No. 5.
250
No. 6.
250
No. 8
350
No. 9
450
No. 10.
325
No. 1]
325
No. 12.
225
Miscellaneous roll
300
Shops.
125
Screen building.
125
Total.
3550
These men and all of the mining operations of the company are under the direction of W. D. Zehner, superintendent.
The villages of Summit Hill and Nesquehoning, and the borough of Lansford, of which we shall pres- ently have more to say, were built up and are main- tained entirely by the mining industry.
Schools .- The principal schools of the township are in Summit Hill, Lansford, and Nesquchoning, and will be found under those headings. The whole num- ber of schools in the township is fifteen, and the num- ber of teachers sixteen. The whole number of pupils is one thousand and forty. The total receipts for the year ending June 4, 1883, were $13,305.89, and the total expenditures $12,916.53.
The following is a list of the school directors of the township since the erection of Carbon County :
1844 .- Ira Cortwright, William H. Knowles.
1845 .- Alex. Lockhart, John Lentz.
1846 .- James R. Butler, John Fatzinger.
1847 .- John Lentz, Ira Cortwright.
1848. George W. Smith, J. Il. Stevens, Jacob S. Wollar.
1819,- J. H. Siewers, Henry Myers, John Fatzin- ger.
1850 .- Ira Cortwright, G. II. Davis, James MeLean, Nathan Patterson, Meritt Abbott.
1851 .- Nathan Patterson, Thomas Hughs, James McLean, Jr., William Woodworth, Meritt Abbott, Charles Packer.
1852 .- Abel Hewitt, Meritt Abbott.
1853 .- James Mclean, Jr., W. Woodworth.
1854 .- Zerubbel Thomas, John Andreas, D. W. Lewis.
1855 .- Dixon Lewis, Samuel Pollock, Abraham Andreas.
1856 .-- Walter Leisenring, Thomas Thomas, J. G. Ohl.
1857 .- J. G. Ohl, Anthony Rouse.
1858 .- William R. Jones, Dixon Siewers, Jonathan Marsden, Joseph Woodworth.
1859 .-- Joseph Woodworth, A. W. Fellows, William Mckeever.
1860 .- Walter Leisenring, James Sweeny, George HI. Davis.
1861 .-- Charles Hoffman, Elisha Packer.
1862 .-- Josiah MeMurtrein, Thomas R. Williams, Thomas Carr.
1863 .- Thomas R. Williams, Thomas Arner.
1864 .- Anthony Snyder, Elisha Packer.
1865 .- Peter W. Neigh, Josiah MeMurtrein. 1866 .- Josiah Williams, Henry C. Smith.
1867 .- Anthony Snyder, Isaac Jones.
1868 .- S. Hill Dut, James Gallagher, J. H. Kline. 1869 .- Thomas R. Williams, John H. Kline, Wil- liam Frigenown. 1870 .- James Smitham, Henry Stark. 1871 .-- No record.
1872 .- Barney Philips, Matthew E. Singard.
1873 .- Jenkin E. Jenkin, S. M. Lester.
1874 .- Samuel Nercus, C. F. McQue.
1875 .- Solomon Rickert, William D. Thomas.
1876 .- Benjamin Ross, Samuel F. Keeler.
1877 .- William York, P. W. Neigle, N. M. Grover.
1878 .-- J. E. Davis, John Bradwell, Richard Lynch. 1879 .- John Boyle, Patrick Kerim.
1880 .- Philip Coyle, W. W. Watkins.
1881 .- John Mallory, Franeis Dermott.
1882 .- Abraham W. Moser, John MeCrealey.
1883 .- Patrick Dermott, Jacob Buss.
Justices of the Peace .- Following is a list of the justices of the peace from 1844 to the present. Some of those elected prior to the incorporation of the bor- ough of Mauch Chunk were residents of that place :
James R. Butler, March, 1844.
J. K. Pryor, March, 1845.
J. A. Boyle, March, 1847. Alexander W. Butler, March, 1848.
Charles E. Haskell, March, 1849.
Alexander W. Butler, March, 1850.
D. B. Brodhead, March, 1850.
Abel Ilewitt, March, 1850.
Merritt Abbott, March, 1851. Abel Hewitt, March, 1855.
Thomas R. Vanhorn, March, 1856.
William Mckeever, March, 1858. Joel C. Lance, March, 1859. Isaac 11. Williams, March, 1859.
Thomas O. Gorman, March, 1863.
Leyshan Thomas, March, 1868. S. F. Minich, March, 1864. Peter Newmiller, March, 1865. William Mckeever, March, 1868.
George L. Watson, March, 1868. William Mckeever, March, 1873.
Thomas R. Williams, March, 1873. Lewis W. Pryor, March, 187-1. James Hl. James, March, 1877.
790
HISTORY OF CARBON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
James Burns, March, 1879. John R. Harris, March, 1880. William Shea, March, 1883.
Summit Hill .- It was at this place that Ginter's discovery of coal was made in 1791, and operations commeneed by the Lehigh Coal Company in 1818, as detailed in the chapters on internal improvements and Mauch Chunk borough. The town, which had its origin as a mining camp, soon became, and has since remained, with the exception of Mauch Chunk, the leading centre of population in the region settled and developed by the Coal and Navigation Company. The work of the company here, the construction of the "Switchback" proper, and of the gravity road now bearing that name have been quite fully treated in the history of Mauch Chunk, and we shall there- fore in this connection introduce only those topics which are more purely local in their interest.
A settlement was established here in 1818, consist- ing of the company's miners, but it was not until many years later that the locality presented the ap- pearance of an established town. James Broderick seems to have been the earliest prominent resident, having located here in 1821, and his wife is said to have been the first woman who had a home in what is now Summit Hill. Mr. Broderick and wife re- moved to Mauch Chunk in 1832, but in 1837 returned to the Summit mines, where the former held a posi- tion with the firm of Holland, Lockhart, McLean & Co. until 1843. Hle afterwards was prominently identified with the coal business at other points in this general region, and died in 1875.
In 1826, according to the statement made in a care- fully prepared history of the Presbyterian Church, written by the present pastor, there was but one house in Summit Hill proper, and only four others in the locality, which were west of the site of the town. They were all log structures, and that ocen- pied by James Leamon, the " boss" of the mines, was the only one of the lot which was two stories in height. He had as boarders most of the employés who had no families.
In 1837 the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company began building extensively for its employes, and the place assumed the air of a thoroughly established town. It was not, however, until 1847 that lots were sold and individual enterprise allowed to exercise itself. Among the first purchasers (in October of the year mentioned) were J. Edward Barnes, Nathan Patterson, D. D. Brodhead, John Simpson, Jacob Minich, Daniel Minich, Merritt Abbott, James Den- ton, and Charles Hoffman. In 1850, Abram Harris bought a lot, and built upon it a hotel, and in 1851, Alexander Lockhart and Merritt Abbott purchased one, on which they built a foundry.
The operation of the mines, the establishment of mercantile houses, and the varied institutions ren- dered necessary or growing naturally ont of the increase in population, and consequent enlarged
needs, developed in due time a town of good propor- tions upon the mountain-top. According to the census of 1880 the population of Summit Hill proper was seventeen hundred and sixty-three, while other localities in the election district-Hackelbernie, one hundred and sixty ; Bloomingdale, one hundred and eighty-four; and Jamestown, numbers five and six, six hundred and seventy-seven-made the total usu- ally ascribed to the town two thousand seven hundred and eighty-four.
The mines here have been, as a rule, operated by the company, for whom Joseph S. Harris was for many years the superintendent, and was snceeeded by W. D. Zehner, who at present holds that office.
Leasing and the giving of contracts have been in vogue here to some extent : Holland, Barber & Co., with their predecessors and successors, being among the carliest and most prominent contractors, in the list of whom were also included Daniel S. Bertsch & Co., E. A. Douglass, A. A. Douglass, R. A. and Asa Packer, Belford, Sharpe & Co., and others. Capt. McLean and David Williams (the latter the first Welshman here) were the contractors who " drove" Spring Tunnel, which was perhaps the beginning of underground mining in this immediate locality. These same men also opened Slope No. 1 in 1850, which was worked until 1858, when it took fire. After strong and repeated endeavors to extinguish this nn- derground conflagration, it was abandoned. The " burning mine," as it is called, is now, after more than a quarter of a century, one of the wonderful at- tractions of Summit Hill, and perhaps the most far- famed curiosity of the region. Many thousands of tons of coal have been consumed in this slow-smoulder- ing and unquenchable fire, which has, at vast ex- pense, been finally surrounded with a great ditch cut through the anthracite, that mist some time bring to a close the progress of the devastating element.
The mines were leased at one period to the Lehigh and Wilkesbarre Coal Company, but during the greater number of the years which have elapsed since they were opened they have, as heretofore stated, been operated either by contractors or directly by the Le- high Coal and Navigation Company.
Of late years, the direction which mining has taken and other causes, among them the chief being the building of the Nesquehoning Valley Railroad, have operated to draw life from the old town on the moun- tain-top and bestow it upon the younger rival, Lans- ford, in the valley, of which, after consideration of some of the local institutions of Summit Ilill, wc shall present an account.
Religious History -- The Presbyterian Church. -- The Summit Hill Presbyterian Church was one of the pioneers among the religious organizations in the Lehigh coal region. As early as 1835, Robert Henry, a Covenanter Presbyterian, organized a Bible class at the boarding-house of Alexander McLean, also a Presbyterian. He regularly conducted exercises at
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791
MAUCH CHUNK TOWNSHIP.
this house until August, 1836, when James Edgar, who had in the mean time settled in the community, became a prominent member of the little band, and from that time the weekly assemblages became more distinctively prayer-meetings. In the fall of 1835 the Presbyterian Church of Mauch Chunk was organized, and among its members were six who were residents of Summit Hill,-Alexander MeLean and wife, John Nichol and wife, Robert Craig, and John Style. On the 5th of the following December, Rev. David X. Junkin, of Greenwich, N. J., with the session, held a service at Summit Hill, and received eight more per- sons living here into the membership of the church. In the same month, Rev. Richard Webster, for many years thereafter pastor of the Manch Chunk Church, began his labors as a missionary of the Assembly's Board of Home Missions, at Mauch Chunk, Summit Hill, and South Easton. He supplied this place with preaching every fourth Sunday, and in December, 1837, received nine more members into the church. On the 23d of that month he administered the saera- ment of the Lord's Supper for the first time in Sum- mit Hill. During the summer of 1836, Mr. Webster requested a young theological student at Princeton (Andrew Tully) to come to Summit Hill and teach the day-school, and try to organize a Sunday-school. He succeeded in establishing the latter in July, and kept it up during the summer and the next summer, and that also of 1838 ; it was revived and superintended by Elder G. W. Smith, of Mauch Chunk.
Mr. Webster, having extended his diocese as far as Port Clinton, began preaching occasionally at this place. Services were also held during 1841 and a portion of the following year by Elder George Wig- gan, of Port Clinton. In June, 1842, Mr. William E. Schenk, a licentiate of the Presbytery of New Brunswick, was employed as a missionary, and for three months he preached on alternate Sundays at Summit Hill. In September of this year the session memorialized the Presbytery to have the congregation divided, Port Clinton and Tamaqua to form a new church and the congregation at this place to retain the name of Summit IFill. A request was also made that Rev. Mr. Schenk be ordained as an evangelist and appointed stated supply. This was not granted, but in December, 1842, Rev. Richard M. Baclean, of the Elizabethtown (N. J.) Presbytery, was employed as stated supply for three months. Rev. Mr. Webster, upon the expiration of that period, again took the church under his charge until the coming of Rev. John H. Rittenhouse, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Northumberland, in June.
He was sneceeded in November, 1843, by Rev. A. G. Harned. He became the first regular pastor of the church, being ordained and installed May 1, 1844. In May, 1844, the long-desired division of the church was effected, and from that time it was known as the "First Presbyterian Church of Summit Hill." In the following spring the congregation ceased to accept the aid of the Board of Missions. In February, 1847, application was made for a charter of incorporation, which, however, was not obtained until two years later. The work of building a church was begun in November, 1846, the services prior to that time having been held in the school-house.
At the adjourned meeting of the Presbytery of Newton, held at Beaver Meadow, Feb. 12, 1839, Mr. Webster represented in his report that there were twenty-three members of the Mauch Chunk Church residing at Summit Hill, and that he had for a year or more been preaching as far west as Tamaqua. Rev. A. G. Harned, the first pastor of the church, resigned in the spring of 1856. He was followed, after the lapse of a year, by Rev. John White. His pastorate continued until 1872. Rev. George Benaugh was called in May of the following year, and served the church until May 1, 1877. Upon October 12th of the same year the church extended a call to Rev. J. his labors on the loth of the following November, and was installed on the 18th of December. The church edifice was improved and enlarged to its present ample dimensions in 1871-72, at a cost of about three thousand five hundred dollars, and a fine parsonage was built in 1873. Thereupon the Presbytery appointed Rev. Garton, of Beaver Meadow, with A. H. Van Cline, an elder of the same church, and Rev. Richard Webster, with G. W. Smith, of Mauch Chunk, as a committee to visit Summit Hill and Tamaqua, and if they deemed it advisable, to organize a church. Agreeably to this appointment they visited this place on April 19, 1839, ; H. Doremus, the present pastor, who entered upon and organized the Presbyterian Church of Summit Hill and Tamaqua, consisting of twenty-eight mem- bers, of whom all but four resided in Summit Hill. Those residing here were Alexander McLean and wife, Robert Nickol and wife, Robert Gage and wife, Andrew Harklin and wife, John Taik and wife, Mrs. Sarah Jane Sampson, Mrs. Margaret Craig, The society has been quite prosperous, and now has a membership of about two hundred and fifty persons, while its two Sunday-schools have an aggregate en- rollment of three hundred and twenty-five children. Mrs. Mary Winterstein, James MeLean, Matthew Morrison, Jonathan Jolison, James Knox, John Billingham, James Edgar, Matthew Henry, Joseph Brown, Alexander Brewster, and William Henry. St. Philip's Episcopal Church. - The first recorded baptism in this parish was performed by the Rev. Peter Russell, Sept. 13, 1845, who was at the time missionary in charge of this district of territory. A parochial organization was not effected until Novem- ber, 1849. On the 22d day of November, 1849, a de- Those living at Tamaqua were Mrs. Sarah Heston, Mrs. Maria H. Hunter, Miss Elizabeth McNeil, and George Washington Brown, Messrs. Andrew Harkin and James Edgar were unanimonsly chosen to the office of ruling elders. On Inne 8, 1840,
792
HISTORY OF CARBON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
erce of incorporation was granted by the Court of Common Pleas of the county of Carbon to the peti- tioners, Rev. Peter Russell, James Brodric, A. L. Fos- ter, James W. Barnes, Richard Sharp, R. H. Sayre, George H. Davis, R. 11. Barnes, Thomas Wilson, Matthew Dougherty, and John Stewart, under the name of " The Rector, Warden, and Vestrymen of St. Philip's Protestant Episcopal Church." The corner- stone of the church building was laid on the first Sat- urday evening in July, 1850, by the Rt. Rev. Alonzo Potter, bishop of the Diocese of Pennsylvania, assisted by the rector, the Rev. Peter Russell, a large concourse of citizens and churchmen being in attendance, many of whom came from Mauch Chunk, with the bishop and reetor, to witness the ceremony. The building was completed within the year, at a cost of $1320.82. The first rector, the Rev. Peter Russell, a man no less beloved for his Christian virtues than renowned for his missionary zeal, had charge of the parish until May, 1857, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Joseph A. Stone, who resigned the rectorship Septem- ber, 1860, since which time the following clergymen have administered the parish, viz .: Rev. Hurley Baldy, Rev. William Wilson, Rev. T. Logan Mur- phy, Rev. Leighton Coleman, Rev. Chandler Hare, Rev. W. J. Miller, Rev. R. H. Kline, and Rev. Charles E. Fessenden, present incumbent.
Prior to Jan. 23, 1881, when the Rev. Mr. Kline became rector of St. Philip's Church, this parish had always been associated with St. Mark's, Mauch Chunk, or Calvary Church, Tamaqna, under the same rector. Since that time it has had no connection with Mauch Chunk or Tamaqua, the people feeling able to support a rector of their own. The Rev. Mr. Kline resigned Ang. 14, 1881, and the Rev. Charles E. Fes- senden having been called to succeed him, entered upon his duties December 1st of the same year. In the fall of 1882 extensive improvements were begun in the church building. The church was raised from its old foundations ; a basement Sunday school room was built; new heater was put in; new chandelier and lamps were purchased ; new pews were obtained for the auditorium ; the walls were calenmined, and other alter- ations and improvements made by which the Lord's house was rendered more commodious, more churchly, and more attractive. The cost of improvements, con- tributions, etc., for the year 1883 amounted to $981.97.
St. Philip's Parish, like all churches planted in mining towns, has suffered greatly from removals. During its history many prominent coal operators and other business men and their families have been con- nected with this little parish. It has seen days of great prosperity, and it has seen days of sad decline. Many now grown to manhood and womanhood, and connected with other religious denominations, were accustomed, when children, to attend the Sunday- school of the " Bell Church," as it was commonly called, because for many years it was the only church in the neighborhood having a bell to call the people
from their earthly cares to the spiritual duties of the Lord's sanctuary. This community will always feel a peculiar love and reverence for St. Philip's, and those at a distance who worshiped in its sacred courts, long years agoue, will not forget the hallowed associ- ations linked with the name and place.
Present Vestry, -John McMichael, Thomas W. Renshaw (wardens), W. D. Zehner, John W. Patter- son, M. E. Linyard (secretary), E. H. Kistler, M.D. (treasurer ), S. F. Minnick, Casper Ichter.
St. Joseph's Catholic Church .- It appears from the records that in 1826 the Rev. Mr. Fitzpatrick, of the Catholic denomination and resident in Sunbury, visited this place occasionally. Fathers Cummings and Courtney, from Pottsville, came here quite regu- larly for several years, the former prior to 1832, and the latter prior to 1838. From the latter date until 1842, Rev. Mr. Wainwright, of Tamaqua, visited the people, after which time came Father Maloney, of the same place, until 1849. He received ground from the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company for the loca- tion of a church. Next was Father Haingan, who came in 1849, and attended the spiritual wants of the people until 1852. During his term of service a small church was built. Rev. Dr. Manahan was the first resident pastor, during the years 1852-53. The com- munity was visited again, until September, 1854, from Mauch Chunk by Father Coffee. Father Basil Shorb became resident pastor in October, 1854, and remained until August, 1858, being succeeded by Rev. Hugh Magorien, until Aug. 9, 1866, when Rev. James Kelly assumed charge, and remained until Nov. 20, 1872, when Rev. John MeElroy filled the place until Jan. 18, 1875. Rev. James Brehony served from then until April 4, 1877, and Rev. James Wynn from then until Sept. 7, 1879. During his administration the present parochial residence was built. Revs. Daniel I. Me- Dermott and I. M. Cox, as pastor and assistant, were in charge until May 9, 1880. On their removal Revs. John Scanlon and William Craig served until the death of the former, on the 5th of February, 1882. Rev. Hugh Garvey, the present pastor, was appointed to succeed Father Scanlon by Archbishop Wood, and immediately set about the erection of the present builil- ing, the corner-stone of which was laid by Very Rev. M. A. Walsh, V.G., on the 21st of June following. On this occasion the sermon was preached by Rev. P. J. Garvey, D. D., then pastor of St. Peter's Church, Reading, Pa., and at present pastor of St. James' Church in West Philadelphia. The ceremony of the dedication of the new church was performed on the 10th of December following by Right Rev. J. F. Shanahan, Bishop of Harrisburg, who also preached the sermon and administered the sacrament of con- firmation to about two hundred and fifty children ; Rev. P. J. Garvey, D.D., being celebrant of the solemn high mass, assisted by Revs. D. Bows, Wil- liam Craig, and Rev. John Loughran, of Scranton, as ' deacon, subdeacon, and master of ceremonies respec-
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793
MAUCHI CHUNK TOWNSHIP.
tively. The pastor, Rev. Hugh Garvey, being assist- ant to the Right Rev. Bishop.
The new church is now free from debt, and has a membership of three thousand souls. Rev. IIngh Garvey continues as pastor, and is assisted by Rev. J. J. MeAnany. A handsome monument has been erected in the cemetery adjoining the church to the memory of the late pastor, Rev. J. Scanlon. The cou- gregation owns also a new cemetery about one mile from town, which was purchased during the adminis- tration of the Rev. J. Wynn.
The Lutheran Church .- This congregation was organized in the old school-house about 1853. The members of the church council were Jacob Mosser, Jacob Herring, Berkhardt Mosser, and Abraham Miller, and the pastor, Rev. Oberfeld. Rev. Heilig succeeded Oberfeld. During Heilig's stay the con- gregation, with the Reformed, began to build a Union Church (now owned by the Reformed). It was next served by Rev. Grim, and then by Rev. Beyer. After Beyer left there was no regular pastor for about four years, the church being served by students from the seminary. William H. Strauss served the congrega- tion for one year while a student in the seminary, and after his ordination at Pottsville came here as regular pastor. In the year 1879 the congregation bought the German Methodist Church, in which, after having re- paired it, the congregation is now worshiping.
St. Paul's German Reformed Church .- The first preaching in the interests of this denomination in this region was at the school-house in the valley by Bloom- ingdale. In 1856, Rev. John Eichenbach, sent out from Allentown by the Synod, preached at Summit Hill. Among the first members of the church were Isaac Miller, Jonathan Hallenbach, and Messrs. Remaly and -- Miller. Rev. Eichenbach preached for the congregation about twenty-five years, and was succeeded by the Rev. Greatle, from Tamaqua. The congregation has maintained quite a healthful life, erected a good house of worship in 1867, and now numbers about one hundred and fifty members.
Schools. - There are excellent schools here, con- dueted in a building which is a credit to Summit Hill, and probably equal in all respects to that of any town of similar size in the State. This building was erected in 1875-76. The principal instructors here since 1860 have been as follows: 1861-62, J. II. Dexter; 1863- 64, H. C. Smith ; 1864-65, E. L. Tewksberry; 1865- 67, J. T. Reinock ; 1867-71, J. Ritter; 1871-72, J. E. Lauer; 1872-73, J. C. Bell; 1873-75, S. Motzer; 1875-79, S. H. Hollinger ; 1879-82, W. MeLaughlin ; 1882-83, J. M. Roberts ; 1883-84, P. II. MeCabe.
Newspapers .- The first newspaper here was the Weekly Intelligencer, issned in 1873 and for two years following by Daniel Eveland and Robert Harris, of Tamaqua, in which place it was printed.
The Summit Hill Independent was issued in the summer of 1876, and maintained a somewhat preca- rious life for about six months.
On Oct. 18, 1879, the Summit Hill and Lansford Record was issued by P. F. Gildea & J. W. Maloy. The first-named member of the firm retired in April, 1880, and Mr. Maloy has since been the sole proprie- tor, removing the paper to Lansford in the spring of 1884.
Banking .- The Miners' Bank was established in 1873, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, in one thonsand shares. Anthony Snyder was president and B. W. Marsey vice-president. In October, 1880, the bank was removed to Lansford, and in April, 1883, was closed, and its affairs placed in the hands of as- signees.
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