USA > Pennsylvania > Pennsylvania, colonial and federal : a history, 1608-1903, Volume One > Part 41
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572
Attempt to Change the Government
on behalf of the Susquehanna Land Company, that the fort and buildings and houses be immediately delivered to Jennings, Ogden, and Stewart, and that all people then at Wyoming claiming under or in conjunction with the Connecticut men depart in three days, except fourteen men who should dwell in six of the houses or apartments in the fort with their wives and children until a Royal order declaring the title be received, by which both parties bound themselves to abide; meanwhile not more than five strangers of the Susquehanna Company be entertained, and they not longer than three days at a time, and that until said order or decree be made known the fort, houses, etc., be enjoyed by the settlers and purchasers under the Proprietaries. This was dated November 14, 1769. Stephen Gardner was among those allowed to remain. The arrangement did not result in permanent peace. Injuries and reprisals continually embroiled the parties, the fourteen being at times assisted by various visitors or settlers not from New England only but from other parts of Pennsylvania. There was a general complaint among the inhabitants of Lebanon and Han- over townships, Lancaster county, if not elsewhere, as to the con- duct of the Proprietaries' land agents. The ill feeling among the frontiersmen who for years had felt themselves badly treated by the government was turned to jealousy when the officers of North- ampton county introduced persons from New Jersey to wage war upon the people at Wyoming, for war was what the execution of the court's writs involved. Major John Durkee, the leading man in one of the settlements, was indicted by the Pennsylvania court, and taken to Easton jail, where he remained two years. In one of the struggles for the possession of Fort Durkee, when the sher- iff had brought a posse of eighty men, Nathan Ogden was treach- erously shot by Lazarus Stewart, who had been a participant in the murder of the Indians at the Lancaster work-house in 1763, and who, having brought a party from Hanover to drive out "the Jersey people," had been recently twice arrested and twice res- cued. Three others of the posse were wounded, but their oppo-
573
Pennsylvania Colonial and Federal
nents evacuated the fort at nightfall. After hearing of this, the Assembly, which loyally supported the Proprietaries in this dis- pute, recommended a reward of 300/. for the delivery of Lazarus Stewart to the sheriff of Philadelphia county, and on February 9, 1771, passed an act for preventing tumults and riotous assemblies and for the more speedy and effectual punishing of the rioters, making the penalty death.
In 1770, Parliament repealed the duties on glass, etc., leaving that upon tea, and in due course of time, despite various meetings in Philadelphia, trade was resumed with England except in tea, a cargo of which was sent back.
Richard Jackson resigned the position of Agent of the Prov- ince of Pennsylvania in London in 1770, leaving Benjamin Frank- lin sole agent.
574
Index
Abercrombie, Major-General James, 480 Acrod, Benjamin, 299
Act appointing agent to receive money, 514 appropriating money, 451
for better administration of justice, 362
for collection of quit rents, 354
for issue of bills of credit, 470
for relief of heirs, etc., 514
for re-emitting bills of credit, repeal of, 518
for suppression of rioting, 574
granting duties, discussion of, 561
of Assembly for recording warrants, 508
of parliament proposed relative to Quakers, 455
of Union, 266
to punish settlers on unpurchased land, 564
to tax proprietary estates, rejection of, 457
Acts of assembly, passage of five, 332
Adolphus, Gustavus, 67; death of, 68
Agreement between Risingh and Stuyves- ant, 106
of Proprietors, 194; provisions of, 195, 196
Agriculture at New Sweden, 86
Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 411; conditions of, 415 Alarm, a false, created, 356, 357
Albany, efforts at, to disposses Penn, 294 .
fear of fur trade diversion from, 292 meeting of congress at, 334 troops for, 400 Algonkian Indians, 3-4
Allen, Nathaniel, 217 Samuel, 491 William, 392, 512, 545
Allison, John, 492
Alrich, Governor Jacob, 113
Alrich, Peter, 275; appointment of as schout, 160; grant of land to, 146; permission of, to trade, 146; servants of, killed, 151, 152 Altona (Altoona), 112
America and Great Britain, financial rela- tions of, 554, 555 the, 306 American liberties, anxiety regarding, 559 Amity, arrival of the, 242 sailing of the, 218 Amsterdam, purchase of claims on the Del- aware by, 113
Amherst, Gen. Jeffrey, 500; answer from, 500: arrival of in Philadelphia, 504
Andersson, Peter, death of, 75
Andries, Lace, 162
Andros, Governor, 173; administration of, 162; visit of, to the Delaware, 161 Appeal to the king, 454
Appropriation for a fort, 418 for Indian pacification, 563 for defense of Louisburg, 399 for the King, 390
for the King's usc, 400, 442
for military purposes, 433. 483
for the Queen, 360, 361 for support of Indians, 428 for war purposes, 427 Appropriations for public purposes. 451 methods of raising, 434 Arets, Lenart. 306 Argall. Captain Samuel, 39-40
575
Index
Arms, requisition for, 484 Armour, Thomas, 492 Armstrong, Col. John, 460, 488; expedition of, 531 Major George, 491 William, 491 Army at Will's Creck, supplies for, 432 return of, to Philadelphia, 498
Ashcorn, Charles, 301 .
Assembly, action of, on lotteries, 558 act of, 362 act of, appropriating money, 442 act for issuing bills of credit, 423 act for recording warrants, 508 act of, granting money, 483 act of, to prevent rioting, 536 act of, to raise money, 457, 465 address from, 554 address to, by Quakers, 449 adjournment of the, 351 and Hamilton, dispute between, 412 and Morris, difference between the, 434 a new, elected, 361 appeal of the, to England, 434 appeal to, for aid, 448 appeal of, for defence, 408 attempt of, to raise money, 540, 541 bill of, for issue of bills of credit, 412 bill by, to raise money, 460 course of, in war with France, 399 dissatisfaction with acts of, 534 dissolution of the, 281 encroachment of, upon executive, 518 electives for the, 547, 552, 553 financial measurers of the, 519 first meeting of, 264, 265
first deputies to, 265 functions of, in law making, 320
grant of tax by, 327 inequality in the, 539 instructions of, to London agents, 559. 560 Keith's allegiance to, 368
letter from, to London, 567
letter of the, to London agents, 559 meeting of, at New Castle, 337 membership of, 407, 408 military act of the, 451, 452 number of members of, 275
576
Assembly, passage of military bill by. 450 petition of, to England, 565 policy of, with Indians, 418 privileges of, confirmed, 351 proceedings of, on bills of credit, 387 qualifications of deputies, 267 Quaker control in, 513, 514 Quaker influence in, 390 range of legislation by, 277
reply of, to the governor, 499 reply of, 466, 469 resignation of members of, 456 rights of, 501, 502 second meeting of the, 272, 273 speaker of the first, 274 special session of the, 357 summoned by Penn, 337 summoning of, 332 tax levied by, 338 the first, 263, 264
Assemblies, rights of, regarding bills of 8 credit, 559 Association for defence, 408, 535 for issuing notcs, 555
Aston, George, 491 Atlee, Samuel J., 491
Athanasian orthodoxy, acceptance of, 354
Attack upon Fort Duquesne, 439, 440 upon Kittanning, 460
Attempt to change the government, 540-574 Aughwick and Juniata, defenseless condi- tion of, 447 Augustus church, the, 511
Balding, Theo., 301 Bard, Commissary Peter, 491 Barton, Rev. Thomas, 488 Bay, Rev. Andrew, 491
Baltimore, Lord, 200, 201, 238, 239, 254 application of, for grant, 381 boundary troubles with, 380-386 fifth, boundary agreement by, 382 claims of, 379 genealogy of, 238 foot note land purchase by, 243 meeting of, with Penn, 270, 271 petition of, to the king, 383 return of, to England, 383
Bankson, Andreas, 237
Baptist denomination, cause of growth of the, 316, 317
Index
Barber, John, 253
Barclay, Robert, 199; apology of, 309
Barents, Christan, death of, 113
Barker, Wharton, 323
Baronial jurisdiction, early, 513 Bartholomew, George, landlord, 257
Battery, establishment of, 408 Franklin's lottery for a, 41I
Bayard, Nicholas, 294 Baynton, John, 484 Beatty, Rev. Charles, 480, 491 Robert, 534 Beazor, John, 241
Beekman, William, 116, 117; letter of, 123; reports of, 117
Beginnings of Penn's Colony, the, 236
Bengston, Andreas, 275, 296
Berkely, Lord John, 194
Berks county, formation of, 412
Bernard, Francis, 488
Bethlehem, Indian outrages near, 531
Bezar, John, 217
Bienville, Celeron de, 416
Biggs, John, 265
Biles, William, 237, 273, 322, 492; jailing of, 355; prosecution of, 353
Bill for raising money, 516
for taxation, efforts to procure a, 504 Bills of credit, 387 as legal tender, 554 commended, 569 conditions necessary to issue of, 518, 519 issue of, 423, 570 offer to issue, 400 refusal of assembly to issue, 433
Binckes, Jacob, 160 1
Bines, Surgeon Robert, 491
Births on board the Welcome, 253
Blackwell, Capt. John, 313; opposition to by Quakers, 314; relieved as deputy-gov- ernor, 315
Blackwood, John, 491 Block, Captain Adrian, 40, 43
Blue Anchor tavern, the, 257
Blunston, John, 288, 296, 343 Samuel, proprietaries' agent, 383
Boarding-house, charges in 1682, 241
Body of laws, provisions of, 266-270 Boghardt, Jost de, 79
Bonde, Anders Svensson, sketch of, 75
I-37
Boumat, Louis, 302
Boundary between Connecticut and New York, 413
between Indians and the middle col- onies, 568 between Pennsylvania and Virginia, 414 claims, early, 200
difficulties, the, 379-386
disputes, 413, 414
line, details of the, 382
line, the Maryland, 238
question, settlement of, 413
question, Virginia interest in the, 414 the Connecticut, 413 Bouquet's army, advance of, 546
Bovington, Richard, 171
Boyd, Robert, 491
Braddock, Gen. Edward, 390; arrival of, 431; death of, 440; burial of, 441 Braddock's expedition, 435-44I expedition, letters in relation to, 439 forces, division of, 436, 439 opinion of Indians, 436 road, repair of, 492 Brassey, Thomas, 265
Brick-making at New Amstel, 115
Bringhurst, John, 391
British Factor, sailing of the, 218
Bristow, John, 315
British public, prejudice of, 540 war vessel, appeal for a, 41I
Brockholls, Capt. Anthony, 236
Brown, James, 334
Brulé, Etienne, 35-36 Etienne, entrance of into Pennsyl- vania, 36, 39
Buck, William, 570
Bucks county, petition of for paper money, 569 deputies from, 265
Budd, Thomas, 320
Bull, Capt. John, 492, 498
Burd, Col. James, 491
Burial ground, early, 83
Burlington, story of settlement of, 196
Burying grounds, land for, 372
Bussé, Christian, 491
Byers, John, 491
Byllinge, Edward, 194
Byrd, Col. William, 500
577
Index
Cadwalader, Dr. Thomas, 540 John, 258 foot note Callender, Robert, 491 William, 456, 463 Call for men for the Canada expedition, 360 Callowhill, Thomas, 332, 363
Calvert, Cecilius, 379 George, first Lord Baltimore, 117 Campanius, Rev. John, arrival of, at New Sweden, 81 Cantwell, Edmund, 255, 273
Carolus, Laurentius, 176 Carpenter, Joshua, 336
Samuel, 307, 315, 323, 340, 343,363; assistant lieutenant-governor, 328
Carr, Capt. John, commander at New Cas- tle, 146 Sir Robert, report of, 143
Carteret, Sir George, 194 Gov. Philip, 162 Cartier, Jacques, explorations of, 35
Cape Henlopen, 220
Capes May and Henlopen, naming of, 40
Captives, return of, 526
Carlisle, building of a fort at, 442
Cattle, branding and recording of, 278
Caves in Philadelphia as dwellings, 261 Central government, provision for, 425
Champlain, Samuel, 35; journal of, 36, 39; operations of against the Iroquois, 38-39 Charles I, commission of, to Thomas Yong, 62
grant by ,to Sir Edmund Plowden, 59, 60
Charles, Robert, 540
Charles II, 191, 199; charter from to Penn, 381, 517 Charles X, death of, 107
Charter, a new, for Philadelphia, 343, 344 desire for a new, 275, 276
features of the new, 277 framing of a new, 276 of Pennsylvania, 223-235 of privileges, provisions of the, 340, 341 of property, preparation of, 344 property, veto of, 345 signing of the new, 276 Cherokee Indians, friendliness of, 487 Chesapeake Bay, early description of, 31-2 Chester county, division of, 372
578
Chester county, manor in, 513 deputies from, 265 renamed from Upland, 255 Chevalier, Peter, 553 Chew, Benjamin, 463
Christ church, closing of, 355
Christian Quakers, the, 320
Christina, character of Swedes at, 80 and Fort Nassau, rivalry between, 76 fur trade at, 16 lack of horses and cattle at, 80 naming of, 71 . renamed, III, 112
Church at Tinicum Island, 176
of England, non-existent in Pennsyl- vania, 309 of Sweden, the, 308 first in Pennsylvania, 83
Churches, early. 175, 176
Claim of Dutch purchase on site of Phila- delphia, 59 of the heir-at-law, the, 363-373
Clark, John, 492
William, 265, 273, 343
Claus, Daniel, 453
Claypoole, James, 220, 310, 323; from, 242
letter
Claypoole, John, 296 Clayton, James, 405 Major Ashe, expedition of, 531 Quartermaster Asher, 491 William, 173, 236, 273 Clergy, the early, 308, 309 before the Revolution, 309
Cock, John, 301 Lasse, 236, 273, 288 Otto Ernest, 162, 236 Peter, 114, 162, 288; collector of tolls, 133 Code of laws enacted, 265, 266
Cole, Josiah, 193, 199
Coleman, Henry, sedition of, 146, 147
College of Philadelphia, 507; law directed against, 507 Collier, Capt John, "commander," 171
Collision between the Swedes and the Dutch, 97 Colonial commissioners, 195 union recommended, 426 Colonies, early trade of, 299 effort for a union of, 334
Index
Colonies, plan for union of, 425 state of, 425 Colonists, alleged grievances of, 338 arrival of in 1631, 50 from Wales and Germany, 302
Colony, early development of, 295, 296 constitutional basis of the, 279, 280 trouble in, 146, 147 Colve, Capt. Anthony, as governor of New York, 160
Commerce, tribute demanded of, 357
Commission of property, members of, 343 to meet Indians at Albany, 399 to try criminals, 347 and powers of deputy-governor, 312 Commissioners for trade, argument before the, 516, 517 of property, 310 the boundary, 382, 383
Committee to address the proprietary, 352 to read Logan's letter, 391 Concord, arrival of the, 220
Condition of early settlers, 174
Conditions and Concessions, 234
Connecticut, arrival of settlers from, 520 claimants, the, 522 grant of land from, 520 settlers from, arrested, 571
Conestoga, destruction of, 534
Conestogas, massacre of, 534
Conference between Stuyvesant and Swedes, 113, 114
Confinement, places for, 278
Conflict between the Dutch and the Swedes, 93, 94 Congress at Albany, proceedings of, 425; representation by, 425, 426 at Fort Stanwix, 568, 569 meeting of at Albany, 334 Coolin, Annakey, 301
Cook, Arthur, 312, 316; presentation of commission by, 324
Coppock, Bartholomew, 315 Cornbury, Lord, 358 Coroner's inquest, an early, 299 Corssen, Arent, arrival of, at Fort Nassau, 59 Cosard, Lees, 302 Council, action of regarding a school, 299, 300
and assembly, dissolution of, 331
Council, appointment of by Markham, 332 as Penn's deputy, 315 how constituted, 513 in Maryland, 121, 122 in Philadelphia, 480
members desertion
lower county from, 316 members of, 469
minutes of the, 274, 275, 297-301 officers of, 469
of Governor Nicolls, 146
of nine, assembling of, 236; names of, 236
of state, a new, 343; duties of, 344 of Upland, organization of, 237 of war, 498
opportunity of, to choose president, 315 Penn's propositions to, 316
powers of the, 376
seizure of a ship by, 296, 299 succession of, to Gov. Hamilton, 347
Councillors as representatives of proprietar- ies, 513
charge of disloyalty against, 508
Counterfeiting, an early example of, 296
County courts, early appeals from, 296 employment of the title, 174
Court at Upland, a new, 237; jurisdiction of, 173
business in early years, 163-166 of admiralty, opposition to, 335, 336 of chancery, cases before the, 376; establishment of, 368
of equity, 376 Courtland, Stephen, 294 Courts, early, 162
of judicature, act concerning, 514 proceedings of, declared void, 351 range of business of, 162
Coxe, Col. Daniel, 323
Crefeld company, the, 306 immigrants from, 305
Cresap, Daniel, 527
Thomas, operations of, 382-386; ar- rest of, 385 Cresap's migration project, 384, 385
Crisis in Dutch and Swedish affairs, 97, 98 Crispin, William, 217
Croghan, George at Fort Pitt, 548; in charge
579
Index
of Indian affairs, 462, 463; Indian agent, 420; 417, 527, 563 Culbertson, Capt. Alexander, 452 Sergeant-Major Samuel, 491 Cumberland county, depredations in, 458 county, formation of, 412 Cummings, Thomas, 449
Currency, conditions of, 554 silver, 163 Curteis, Joseph, 288 Cushietunk, settlement of, 520
Dankers, Jaseper, 180
Dankers' and Sluyter's journal, 180-187
Dare, William, landlord, 257
David, Rev. Hugh, anecdote of, 406, 407 Davis, Patrick, 491
Dawes, Abraham, 462
Dawson, Thomas, Baron Dartrey, 406
Death penalty, the, 268
Death on board the Welcome, 253
Decay of forts at Christina and Tinicum, II2
Declaration of war against France, 457
Defense of the province, 357
De Haas, Adjutant John Philip, 491
De Haes, John, 275
Delavall, John, 316, 324
Delaware and Maryland, relations of, 379 and Pennsylvania, act uniting, 265 Bay and river, first permanent white settlement in, 73 Bay, existence of, first learned, 34
Bay, naming of, 40
Bay, or river, first settlement on, 53
colony, delivery of, to Penn, 255
colony, extension of, 148
colony, submission of to the Dutch, I60
conditions on, 143 Indians, conduct of, 449
Indians, causes of disaffection among the, 445-448
Indians, messengers sent to the, 454 Indians, preparations of, for war, 446 Indians, revolt of, 445-478
number of white people on west bank of, 134 river, description of by DeVries, 56 river, distress on, 144 river, first minister on, 76
580
Delaware river, location of colonists on, 134 river renamed, 62 river, reviving activity on the, 172, I73 territory, deeds of, 262 the, plundering on, 159 trade on the, 156 Delawares and Six Nations, relations of, 475 submission of, on the Susquehanna, 457 Denny, William, as governor, 459 Deputy-governor, opposition to, 314 arrival of a new, 313 De Vries, arrival of his party on the Wal- rus, 50 ascent of Delaware river by, 54, 55 David Peterson, sketch of, 53
description of country by, 55
description of Delaware river by, 56 intercourse of, with the Indians, 54, 56 journal of, 83-85
De Vries's party, settlement of, 50
D'Hinoyossa, Alexander, 122 cession of the South River to, 133 settlement of, in Maryland, 143, 144 surrenders to the Duke of York, 133, I34 Dickinson, John, 323, 540; speech of, 542, 543; challenge from, 546 Jonathan, 307 Samuel, 540
Dicks, Peter, 457
Dillwyn, John, 391
Dixon, Robert, 520
Domestic animals, need of, 115
Dongan, Col. Thomas, 290, 291 release of land by, to Penn, 293
Draper, Alexander, 265
Drew, Roger, 218
Drewet, Morgan, 236
Drunkenness, a punishable offense, 268
Drystreet, Henry, 301
Dueling, prohibition of, 269
Duke of York, 192, 194, 207, 209, 220, 291,
293 administration under, 135-187 deeds issued by, 220 loss of title by, 161 new patent to, 161
Index
Duke of York, surrender to, of Manhattan, I33
Duke's laws, establishment and character of, 145; 262 Dulany, Daniel, 385
Dunbar, Thomas, 431 Dupue, Nicholas, 571
Durkee, Major John, 573
Dutch agriculture, slow progress of, 113 and English, rival claims of, 66 and Marylanders, conference be- tween, 119 and Swedes, absorption of, 307; con- ference between the, 71 attempts of, to control Swedes, 131, 132
authority, center of, III authority on the Delaware, 112
characteristics of, 261 claims on the South River, 72 colonists, arrival of, at Christina, 79
colony, sickness and distress in, 113, II4
commission to examine South River conditions, 120
confirmation of sale of land to, 94 conflict of, with Swedes, 94
East India Company, 35
expedition, arrival of, 113
feebleness on the Delaware, 92, 93 oath of allegiance by, 143 officials, lands of, distributed, 142
purchase from Indians, 117
Reformed faith, 175, 176
rule, brevity of, 160
rule in Pennsylvania, III settlement, the, III settlers driven from their homes, 446 settlers ordered to depart from Del- aware bay, 199 settlers threatened by Virginia force, 65 territory, disadvantage of division of, I33 trade, increase of, in America, 48 trade on South River, 56 West India Company, 93 Duties, levy of, by parliament, 560 objections to, 567, 568 on glass, etc., repeal of, 574 prayer for relief from, 567
Dwelling houses, early, 180, 181 Dyer, Eliphalet, 520
Earl of Bellomont, 335 of Holdernesse, 419 of Halifax, the, 471 of Loudoun, appointment of the, 457; return of to England, 480
of Shrewsbury, the, 314 of Sunderland, 199, 381; letter to, 295 Early conditions, 259 food resources, 272 surveying, 241, 242
Eastburn, Robert, 491 Easton, conference at, 462 Indian gathering at, 522
Ecclesiastical elements, 512
Eckley, John, 312, 323
Education, early efforts for, 279 in court, 164 Elderkin, Vine, 571
Elfsborg fort, 196
Embargo, effect of an, on Philadelphia, 408 Emigrants, blending of descendants of, 307
Emigration to Pennsylvania, 220
England and Holland, peace between, 101,
144; war between, 139-143, 159 colonial policy of, 209 consolidation of power of, 136 politcal conditions in, 207, 208 traditional policy of, 135
England's forces, plunder by, 142
English and Dutch, rival claims of, 66 and French, struggle for Indian aid, 499 claims, 135
fleet on the Delaware, 141
fleet, sailing of for America, 140
fleet, vessels of, 140 immigration, 172
-Irish, the, 307 laws, establishment of, 145 occupancy on the Delaware, 196 purposes, warnings of, to the Dutch, I35 settlement, brief existence of, 80 settlement, the, 307-324 settlers at Upland, 168, 171 settlers, from New Haven, 79 settlers, qualifications of, 308
581
Index
English trade, expansion of, 136 trade, restrictions in favor of, 136 troops, arrival of, 457 troops, criticism of, 428 Enlisted servants, number of, 390 Episcopal church, the oldest, 319
"Essex House," 171
Evans, John, arrival of, 351; antagonizes the assembly, 351; obnoxious measures of, as governor, 357, 358
Evelin, Robert, arrival of, 59; description of the country by, 64; explorations of, 63 Everts, Cornelius, 160 Ewing, Adjutant James, 491
Exchange, rate of, 371
Expedition of Dutch colonists, 113 the tenth Swedish, 107 to New Sweden, the ninth, 100 Exports, early, 116 Expulsion of the French, the, 479
Fabritius, Jacobus, 176 Fairman, Thomas, 173, 236, 241
Fasting, day of, 411
Fences, provisions for height of, 278
Fendall, Josias, 119
Fenwick, John, 194, 196
Fermor, Thomas, Earl of Pomfret, 406
Ferries, establishment of, ordered, 279 control of, secured, 538
Feudal lordship, release of, 377
Field, John, 363
Finance under Thomas, 387
Financial conditions, 554, 555 measures, 507 Finland, colonists from, 81 Finney, Samuel, 343 Finns, arrival of, 80 Fire, act for prevention of, 332 company in defense of Philadelphia, 4II engine, a novel, 411 First church in limits of Pennsylvania, 83 issue of paper money, the, 368, 369 minister on the Delaware, 76 sail vessel on the great lakes, 179 Swedish settlers, sketches of, 75 vessel built within limits of original Union, 40
white settlement in Pennsylvania, 82 Fish, early supply of, 240, 241
582
Fisher, Joshua, 553 William, 463, 553
Fitch, Jabez, 520
Fitzwater, Thomas, 253, 275, 296
Five Nations, the, 6; peace with, 339
Fletcher, Benjamin, 326; confirmation of laws by, 326 episode, the, 294, 295 Governor, 316; call for men by, 328; lamentation of, 331
Flower, Enoch, 296
Ford, Philip, 334; claims of heirs of, 358
Follett, Benjamin, 570, 571
Forbes, Brigadier-General John, 483; death of, 500
Fords in the Duquesne expedition, 491, 492 Forgery by a high official, 356
Fort advised on the Monongahela, 418 at Tinicum, decay of, 112 Allen, completion of, 451
Augusta, garrison at, reinforced, 528; its garrison, 500; threatened attack on, 469
+ Beversrede, building of, 94
Bedford, arrival of troops at, 529; defense of, 528 building of, at Carlisle, 442
building of, at Wyoming, 486
building of, by the Ohio Company, 416
building of substantial, at Pittsburg, 509 built at Hoorn-kill, 117
built at Fort Little Meadows, 436
Casimir, building of, 98; capture of, IO1; capture of by the Dutch, 104; decay of, 113; name of, changed, 101; under the Dutch, 112 Christina, building of, 71; decay of, 112; house building at, 72; siege of, 105; strengthened, 98; surren- dered to the Dutch, 105
contribution for building a, 418 Cumberland, retreat to, 441
Duquesne, arrival of troops before, 493; conditions at, 487; details of attack upon, 439-442; killed and wounded at, 440; evacuation of, 498; expedition to, 488-494; move- ment against, 498; preparations for march to, 435, 436; reconnois-
*
Index
sance at, 493, 494; retreat from, 441; routes to, '492; second attempt to capture, 443
Fort Durkee, struggle for possession of, 573; evacuation of, 574 Elfsborg, 82; abandonment of, 98 Granville, attack upon, 458
Korsholm, burning of, 102; strength- ened, 98
Ligonier, sicge of, 529
Loudoun, attack upon, 553, 554; re- tirement of the garrison from, 554 Nassau, 185; abandonment of by the Dutch, 98; a center of trade, 49; and Christina, rivalry between, 76; arrival of Capt. George Holmes at, 65; arrival of De Vries at, 54; defenseless condition of, 65; de- termination to abandon it, 49; first place occupied by white men on the Delaware, 49; new commissary at, 93; recapture of, 65; situation of, 49
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