Pennsylvania, colonial and federal : a history, 1608-1903, Volume One, Part 41

Author: Jenkins, Howard Malcolm, 1842-1902; Pennsylvania Historical Publishing Association. 4n
Publication date: 1903
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : Pennsylvania Historical Pub. Association
Number of Pages: 658


USA > Pennsylvania > Pennsylvania, colonial and federal : a history, 1608-1903, Volume One > Part 41


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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572


Attempt to Change the Government


on behalf of the Susquehanna Land Company, that the fort and buildings and houses be immediately delivered to Jennings, Ogden, and Stewart, and that all people then at Wyoming claiming under or in conjunction with the Connecticut men depart in three days, except fourteen men who should dwell in six of the houses or apartments in the fort with their wives and children until a Royal order declaring the title be received, by which both parties bound themselves to abide; meanwhile not more than five strangers of the Susquehanna Company be entertained, and they not longer than three days at a time, and that until said order or decree be made known the fort, houses, etc., be enjoyed by the settlers and purchasers under the Proprietaries. This was dated November 14, 1769. Stephen Gardner was among those allowed to remain. The arrangement did not result in permanent peace. Injuries and reprisals continually embroiled the parties, the fourteen being at times assisted by various visitors or settlers not from New England only but from other parts of Pennsylvania. There was a general complaint among the inhabitants of Lebanon and Han- over townships, Lancaster county, if not elsewhere, as to the con- duct of the Proprietaries' land agents. The ill feeling among the frontiersmen who for years had felt themselves badly treated by the government was turned to jealousy when the officers of North- ampton county introduced persons from New Jersey to wage war upon the people at Wyoming, for war was what the execution of the court's writs involved. Major John Durkee, the leading man in one of the settlements, was indicted by the Pennsylvania court, and taken to Easton jail, where he remained two years. In one of the struggles for the possession of Fort Durkee, when the sher- iff had brought a posse of eighty men, Nathan Ogden was treach- erously shot by Lazarus Stewart, who had been a participant in the murder of the Indians at the Lancaster work-house in 1763, and who, having brought a party from Hanover to drive out "the Jersey people," had been recently twice arrested and twice res- cued. Three others of the posse were wounded, but their oppo-


573


Pennsylvania Colonial and Federal


nents evacuated the fort at nightfall. After hearing of this, the Assembly, which loyally supported the Proprietaries in this dis- pute, recommended a reward of 300/. for the delivery of Lazarus Stewart to the sheriff of Philadelphia county, and on February 9, 1771, passed an act for preventing tumults and riotous assemblies and for the more speedy and effectual punishing of the rioters, making the penalty death.


In 1770, Parliament repealed the duties on glass, etc., leaving that upon tea, and in due course of time, despite various meetings in Philadelphia, trade was resumed with England except in tea, a cargo of which was sent back.


Richard Jackson resigned the position of Agent of the Prov- ince of Pennsylvania in London in 1770, leaving Benjamin Frank- lin sole agent.


574


Index


Abercrombie, Major-General James, 480 Acrod, Benjamin, 299


Act appointing agent to receive money, 514 appropriating money, 451


for better administration of justice, 362


for collection of quit rents, 354


for issue of bills of credit, 470


for relief of heirs, etc., 514


for re-emitting bills of credit, repeal of, 518


for suppression of rioting, 574


granting duties, discussion of, 561


of Assembly for recording warrants, 508


of parliament proposed relative to Quakers, 455


of Union, 266


to punish settlers on unpurchased land, 564


to tax proprietary estates, rejection of, 457


Acts of assembly, passage of five, 332


Adolphus, Gustavus, 67; death of, 68


Agreement between Risingh and Stuyves- ant, 106


of Proprietors, 194; provisions of, 195, 196


Agriculture at New Sweden, 86


Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 411; conditions of, 415 Alarm, a false, created, 356, 357


Albany, efforts at, to disposses Penn, 294 .


fear of fur trade diversion from, 292 meeting of congress at, 334 troops for, 400 Algonkian Indians, 3-4


Allen, Nathaniel, 217 Samuel, 491 William, 392, 512, 545


Allison, John, 492


Alrich, Governor Jacob, 113


Alrich, Peter, 275; appointment of as schout, 160; grant of land to, 146; permission of, to trade, 146; servants of, killed, 151, 152 Altona (Altoona), 112


America and Great Britain, financial rela- tions of, 554, 555 the, 306 American liberties, anxiety regarding, 559 Amity, arrival of the, 242 sailing of the, 218 Amsterdam, purchase of claims on the Del- aware by, 113


Amherst, Gen. Jeffrey, 500; answer from, 500: arrival of in Philadelphia, 504


Andersson, Peter, death of, 75


Andries, Lace, 162


Andros, Governor, 173; administration of, 162; visit of, to the Delaware, 161 Appeal to the king, 454


Appropriation for a fort, 418 for Indian pacification, 563 for defense of Louisburg, 399 for the King, 390


for the King's usc, 400, 442


for military purposes, 433. 483


for the Queen, 360, 361 for support of Indians, 428 for war purposes, 427 Appropriations for public purposes. 451 methods of raising, 434 Arets, Lenart. 306 Argall. Captain Samuel, 39-40


575


Index


Arms, requisition for, 484 Armour, Thomas, 492 Armstrong, Col. John, 460, 488; expedition of, 531 Major George, 491 William, 491 Army at Will's Creck, supplies for, 432 return of, to Philadelphia, 498


Ashcorn, Charles, 301 .


Assembly, action of, on lotteries, 558 act of, 362 act of, appropriating money, 442 act for issuing bills of credit, 423 act for recording warrants, 508 act of, granting money, 483 act of, to prevent rioting, 536 act of, to raise money, 457, 465 address from, 554 address to, by Quakers, 449 adjournment of the, 351 and Hamilton, dispute between, 412 and Morris, difference between the, 434 a new, elected, 361 appeal of the, to England, 434 appeal to, for aid, 448 appeal of, for defence, 408 attempt of, to raise money, 540, 541 bill of, for issue of bills of credit, 412 bill by, to raise money, 460 course of, in war with France, 399 dissatisfaction with acts of, 534 dissolution of the, 281 encroachment of, upon executive, 518 electives for the, 547, 552, 553 financial measurers of the, 519 first meeting of, 264, 265


first deputies to, 265 functions of, in law making, 320


grant of tax by, 327 inequality in the, 539 instructions of, to London agents, 559. 560 Keith's allegiance to, 368


letter from, to London, 567


letter of the, to London agents, 559 meeting of, at New Castle, 337 membership of, 407, 408 military act of the, 451, 452 number of members of, 275


576


Assembly, passage of military bill by. 450 petition of, to England, 565 policy of, with Indians, 418 privileges of, confirmed, 351 proceedings of, on bills of credit, 387 qualifications of deputies, 267 Quaker control in, 513, 514 Quaker influence in, 390 range of legislation by, 277


reply of, to the governor, 499 reply of, 466, 469 resignation of members of, 456 rights of, 501, 502 second meeting of the, 272, 273 speaker of the first, 274 special session of the, 357 summoned by Penn, 337 summoning of, 332 tax levied by, 338 the first, 263, 264


Assemblies, rights of, regarding bills of 8 credit, 559 Association for defence, 408, 535 for issuing notcs, 555


Aston, George, 491 Atlee, Samuel J., 491


Athanasian orthodoxy, acceptance of, 354


Attack upon Fort Duquesne, 439, 440 upon Kittanning, 460


Attempt to change the government, 540-574 Aughwick and Juniata, defenseless condi- tion of, 447 Augustus church, the, 511


Balding, Theo., 301 Bard, Commissary Peter, 491 Barton, Rev. Thomas, 488 Bay, Rev. Andrew, 491


Baltimore, Lord, 200, 201, 238, 239, 254 application of, for grant, 381 boundary troubles with, 380-386 fifth, boundary agreement by, 382 claims of, 379 genealogy of, 238 foot note land purchase by, 243 meeting of, with Penn, 270, 271 petition of, to the king, 383 return of, to England, 383


Bankson, Andreas, 237


Baptist denomination, cause of growth of the, 316, 317


Index


Barber, John, 253


Barclay, Robert, 199; apology of, 309


Barents, Christan, death of, 113


Barker, Wharton, 323


Baronial jurisdiction, early, 513 Bartholomew, George, landlord, 257


Battery, establishment of, 408 Franklin's lottery for a, 41I


Bayard, Nicholas, 294 Baynton, John, 484 Beatty, Rev. Charles, 480, 491 Robert, 534 Beazor, John, 241


Beekman, William, 116, 117; letter of, 123; reports of, 117


Beginnings of Penn's Colony, the, 236


Bengston, Andreas, 275, 296


Berkely, Lord John, 194


Berks county, formation of, 412


Bernard, Francis, 488


Bethlehem, Indian outrages near, 531


Bezar, John, 217


Bienville, Celeron de, 416


Biggs, John, 265


Biles, William, 237, 273, 322, 492; jailing of, 355; prosecution of, 353


Bill for raising money, 516


for taxation, efforts to procure a, 504 Bills of credit, 387 as legal tender, 554 commended, 569 conditions necessary to issue of, 518, 519 issue of, 423, 570 offer to issue, 400 refusal of assembly to issue, 433


Binckes, Jacob, 160 1


Bines, Surgeon Robert, 491


Births on board the Welcome, 253


Blackwell, Capt. John, 313; opposition to by Quakers, 314; relieved as deputy-gov- ernor, 315


Blackwood, John, 491 Block, Captain Adrian, 40, 43


Blue Anchor tavern, the, 257


Blunston, John, 288, 296, 343 Samuel, proprietaries' agent, 383


Boarding-house, charges in 1682, 241


Body of laws, provisions of, 266-270 Boghardt, Jost de, 79


Bonde, Anders Svensson, sketch of, 75


I-37


Boumat, Louis, 302


Boundary between Connecticut and New York, 413


between Indians and the middle col- onies, 568 between Pennsylvania and Virginia, 414 claims, early, 200


difficulties, the, 379-386


disputes, 413, 414


line, details of the, 382


line, the Maryland, 238


question, settlement of, 413


question, Virginia interest in the, 414 the Connecticut, 413 Bouquet's army, advance of, 546


Bovington, Richard, 171


Boyd, Robert, 491


Braddock, Gen. Edward, 390; arrival of, 431; death of, 440; burial of, 441 Braddock's expedition, 435-44I expedition, letters in relation to, 439 forces, division of, 436, 439 opinion of Indians, 436 road, repair of, 492 Brassey, Thomas, 265


Brick-making at New Amstel, 115


Bringhurst, John, 391


British Factor, sailing of the, 218


Bristow, John, 315


British public, prejudice of, 540 war vessel, appeal for a, 41I


Brockholls, Capt. Anthony, 236


Brown, James, 334


Brulé, Etienne, 35-36 Etienne, entrance of into Pennsyl- vania, 36, 39


Buck, William, 570


Bucks county, petition of for paper money, 569 deputies from, 265


Budd, Thomas, 320


Bull, Capt. John, 492, 498


Burd, Col. James, 491


Burial ground, early, 83


Burlington, story of settlement of, 196


Burying grounds, land for, 372


Bussé, Christian, 491


Byers, John, 491


Byllinge, Edward, 194


Byrd, Col. William, 500


577


Index


Cadwalader, Dr. Thomas, 540 John, 258 foot note Callender, Robert, 491 William, 456, 463 Call for men for the Canada expedition, 360 Callowhill, Thomas, 332, 363


Calvert, Cecilius, 379 George, first Lord Baltimore, 117 Campanius, Rev. John, arrival of, at New Sweden, 81 Cantwell, Edmund, 255, 273


Carolus, Laurentius, 176 Carpenter, Joshua, 336


Samuel, 307, 315, 323, 340, 343,363; assistant lieutenant-governor, 328


Carr, Capt. John, commander at New Cas- tle, 146 Sir Robert, report of, 143


Carteret, Sir George, 194 Gov. Philip, 162 Cartier, Jacques, explorations of, 35


Cape Henlopen, 220


Capes May and Henlopen, naming of, 40


Captives, return of, 526


Carlisle, building of a fort at, 442


Cattle, branding and recording of, 278


Caves in Philadelphia as dwellings, 261 Central government, provision for, 425


Champlain, Samuel, 35; journal of, 36, 39; operations of against the Iroquois, 38-39 Charles I, commission of, to Thomas Yong, 62


grant by ,to Sir Edmund Plowden, 59, 60


Charles, Robert, 540


Charles II, 191, 199; charter from to Penn, 381, 517 Charles X, death of, 107


Charter, a new, for Philadelphia, 343, 344 desire for a new, 275, 276


features of the new, 277 framing of a new, 276 of Pennsylvania, 223-235 of privileges, provisions of the, 340, 341 of property, preparation of, 344 property, veto of, 345 signing of the new, 276 Cherokee Indians, friendliness of, 487 Chesapeake Bay, early description of, 31-2 Chester county, division of, 372


578


Chester county, manor in, 513 deputies from, 265 renamed from Upland, 255 Chevalier, Peter, 553 Chew, Benjamin, 463


Christ church, closing of, 355


Christian Quakers, the, 320


Christina, character of Swedes at, 80 and Fort Nassau, rivalry between, 76 fur trade at, 16 lack of horses and cattle at, 80 naming of, 71 . renamed, III, 112


Church at Tinicum Island, 176


of England, non-existent in Pennsyl- vania, 309 of Sweden, the, 308 first in Pennsylvania, 83


Churches, early. 175, 176


Claim of Dutch purchase on site of Phila- delphia, 59 of the heir-at-law, the, 363-373


Clark, John, 492


William, 265, 273, 343


Claus, Daniel, 453


Claypoole, James, 220, 310, 323; from, 242


letter


Claypoole, John, 296 Clayton, James, 405 Major Ashe, expedition of, 531 Quartermaster Asher, 491 William, 173, 236, 273 Clergy, the early, 308, 309 before the Revolution, 309


Cock, John, 301 Lasse, 236, 273, 288 Otto Ernest, 162, 236 Peter, 114, 162, 288; collector of tolls, 133 Code of laws enacted, 265, 266


Cole, Josiah, 193, 199


Coleman, Henry, sedition of, 146, 147


College of Philadelphia, 507; law directed against, 507 Collier, Capt John, "commander," 171


Collision between the Swedes and the Dutch, 97 Colonial commissioners, 195 union recommended, 426 Colonies, early trade of, 299 effort for a union of, 334


Index


Colonies, plan for union of, 425 state of, 425 Colonists, alleged grievances of, 338 arrival of in 1631, 50 from Wales and Germany, 302


Colony, early development of, 295, 296 constitutional basis of the, 279, 280 trouble in, 146, 147 Colve, Capt. Anthony, as governor of New York, 160


Commerce, tribute demanded of, 357


Commission of property, members of, 343 to meet Indians at Albany, 399 to try criminals, 347 and powers of deputy-governor, 312 Commissioners for trade, argument before the, 516, 517 of property, 310 the boundary, 382, 383


Committee to address the proprietary, 352 to read Logan's letter, 391 Concord, arrival of the, 220


Condition of early settlers, 174


Conditions and Concessions, 234


Connecticut, arrival of settlers from, 520 claimants, the, 522 grant of land from, 520 settlers from, arrested, 571


Conestoga, destruction of, 534


Conestogas, massacre of, 534


Conference between Stuyvesant and Swedes, 113, 114


Confinement, places for, 278


Conflict between the Dutch and the Swedes, 93, 94 Congress at Albany, proceedings of, 425; representation by, 425, 426 at Fort Stanwix, 568, 569 meeting of at Albany, 334 Coolin, Annakey, 301


Cook, Arthur, 312, 316; presentation of commission by, 324


Coppock, Bartholomew, 315 Cornbury, Lord, 358 Coroner's inquest, an early, 299 Corssen, Arent, arrival of, at Fort Nassau, 59 Cosard, Lees, 302 Council, action of regarding a school, 299, 300


and assembly, dissolution of, 331


Council, appointment of by Markham, 332 as Penn's deputy, 315 how constituted, 513 in Maryland, 121, 122 in Philadelphia, 480


members desertion


lower county from, 316 members of, 469


minutes of the, 274, 275, 297-301 officers of, 469


of Governor Nicolls, 146


of nine, assembling of, 236; names of, 236


of state, a new, 343; duties of, 344 of Upland, organization of, 237 of war, 498


opportunity of, to choose president, 315 Penn's propositions to, 316


powers of the, 376


seizure of a ship by, 296, 299 succession of, to Gov. Hamilton, 347


Councillors as representatives of proprietar- ies, 513


charge of disloyalty against, 508


Counterfeiting, an early example of, 296


County courts, early appeals from, 296 employment of the title, 174


Court at Upland, a new, 237; jurisdiction of, 173


business in early years, 163-166 of admiralty, opposition to, 335, 336 of chancery, cases before the, 376; establishment of, 368


of equity, 376 Courtland, Stephen, 294 Courts, early, 162


of judicature, act concerning, 514 proceedings of, declared void, 351 range of business of, 162


Coxe, Col. Daniel, 323


Crefeld company, the, 306 immigrants from, 305


Cresap, Daniel, 527


Thomas, operations of, 382-386; ar- rest of, 385 Cresap's migration project, 384, 385


Crisis in Dutch and Swedish affairs, 97, 98 Crispin, William, 217


Croghan, George at Fort Pitt, 548; in charge


579


Index


of Indian affairs, 462, 463; Indian agent, 420; 417, 527, 563 Culbertson, Capt. Alexander, 452 Sergeant-Major Samuel, 491 Cumberland county, depredations in, 458 county, formation of, 412 Cummings, Thomas, 449


Currency, conditions of, 554 silver, 163 Curteis, Joseph, 288 Cushietunk, settlement of, 520


Dankers, Jaseper, 180


Dankers' and Sluyter's journal, 180-187


Dare, William, landlord, 257


David, Rev. Hugh, anecdote of, 406, 407 Davis, Patrick, 491


Dawes, Abraham, 462


Dawson, Thomas, Baron Dartrey, 406


Death penalty, the, 268


Death on board the Welcome, 253


Decay of forts at Christina and Tinicum, II2


Declaration of war against France, 457


Defense of the province, 357


De Haas, Adjutant John Philip, 491


De Haes, John, 275


Delavall, John, 316, 324


Delaware and Maryland, relations of, 379 and Pennsylvania, act uniting, 265 Bay and river, first permanent white settlement in, 73 Bay, existence of, first learned, 34


Bay, naming of, 40


Bay, or river, first settlement on, 53


colony, delivery of, to Penn, 255


colony, extension of, 148


colony, submission of to the Dutch, I60


conditions on, 143 Indians, conduct of, 449


Indians, causes of disaffection among the, 445-448


Indians, messengers sent to the, 454 Indians, preparations of, for war, 446 Indians, revolt of, 445-478


number of white people on west bank of, 134 river, description of by DeVries, 56 river, distress on, 144 river, first minister on, 76


580


Delaware river, location of colonists on, 134 river renamed, 62 river, reviving activity on the, 172, I73 territory, deeds of, 262 the, plundering on, 159 trade on the, 156 Delawares and Six Nations, relations of, 475 submission of, on the Susquehanna, 457 Denny, William, as governor, 459 Deputy-governor, opposition to, 314 arrival of a new, 313 De Vries, arrival of his party on the Wal- rus, 50 ascent of Delaware river by, 54, 55 David Peterson, sketch of, 53


description of country by, 55


description of Delaware river by, 56 intercourse of, with the Indians, 54, 56 journal of, 83-85


De Vries's party, settlement of, 50


D'Hinoyossa, Alexander, 122 cession of the South River to, 133 settlement of, in Maryland, 143, 144 surrenders to the Duke of York, 133, I34 Dickinson, John, 323, 540; speech of, 542, 543; challenge from, 546 Jonathan, 307 Samuel, 540


Dicks, Peter, 457


Dillwyn, John, 391


Dixon, Robert, 520


Domestic animals, need of, 115


Dongan, Col. Thomas, 290, 291 release of land by, to Penn, 293


Draper, Alexander, 265


Drew, Roger, 218


Drewet, Morgan, 236


Drunkenness, a punishable offense, 268


Drystreet, Henry, 301


Dueling, prohibition of, 269


Duke of York, 192, 194, 207, 209, 220, 291,


293 administration under, 135-187 deeds issued by, 220 loss of title by, 161 new patent to, 161


Index


Duke of York, surrender to, of Manhattan, I33


Duke's laws, establishment and character of, 145; 262 Dulany, Daniel, 385


Dunbar, Thomas, 431 Dupue, Nicholas, 571


Durkee, Major John, 573


Dutch agriculture, slow progress of, 113 and English, rival claims of, 66 and Marylanders, conference be- tween, 119 and Swedes, absorption of, 307; con- ference between the, 71 attempts of, to control Swedes, 131, 132


authority, center of, III authority on the Delaware, 112


characteristics of, 261 claims on the South River, 72 colonists, arrival of, at Christina, 79


colony, sickness and distress in, 113, II4


commission to examine South River conditions, 120


confirmation of sale of land to, 94 conflict of, with Swedes, 94


East India Company, 35


expedition, arrival of, 113


feebleness on the Delaware, 92, 93 oath of allegiance by, 143 officials, lands of, distributed, 142


purchase from Indians, 117


Reformed faith, 175, 176


rule, brevity of, 160


rule in Pennsylvania, III settlement, the, III settlers driven from their homes, 446 settlers ordered to depart from Del- aware bay, 199 settlers threatened by Virginia force, 65 territory, disadvantage of division of, I33 trade, increase of, in America, 48 trade on South River, 56 West India Company, 93 Duties, levy of, by parliament, 560 objections to, 567, 568 on glass, etc., repeal of, 574 prayer for relief from, 567


Dwelling houses, early, 180, 181 Dyer, Eliphalet, 520


Earl of Bellomont, 335 of Holdernesse, 419 of Halifax, the, 471 of Loudoun, appointment of the, 457; return of to England, 480


of Shrewsbury, the, 314 of Sunderland, 199, 381; letter to, 295 Early conditions, 259 food resources, 272 surveying, 241, 242


Eastburn, Robert, 491 Easton, conference at, 462 Indian gathering at, 522


Ecclesiastical elements, 512


Eckley, John, 312, 323


Education, early efforts for, 279 in court, 164 Elderkin, Vine, 571


Elfsborg fort, 196


Embargo, effect of an, on Philadelphia, 408 Emigrants, blending of descendants of, 307


Emigration to Pennsylvania, 220


England and Holland, peace between, 101,


144; war between, 139-143, 159 colonial policy of, 209 consolidation of power of, 136 politcal conditions in, 207, 208 traditional policy of, 135


England's forces, plunder by, 142


English and Dutch, rival claims of, 66 and French, struggle for Indian aid, 499 claims, 135


fleet on the Delaware, 141


fleet, sailing of for America, 140


fleet, vessels of, 140 immigration, 172


-Irish, the, 307 laws, establishment of, 145 occupancy on the Delaware, 196 purposes, warnings of, to the Dutch, I35 settlement, brief existence of, 80 settlement, the, 307-324 settlers at Upland, 168, 171 settlers, from New Haven, 79 settlers, qualifications of, 308


581


Index


English trade, expansion of, 136 trade, restrictions in favor of, 136 troops, arrival of, 457 troops, criticism of, 428 Enlisted servants, number of, 390 Episcopal church, the oldest, 319


"Essex House," 171


Evans, John, arrival of, 351; antagonizes the assembly, 351; obnoxious measures of, as governor, 357, 358


Evelin, Robert, arrival of, 59; description of the country by, 64; explorations of, 63 Everts, Cornelius, 160 Ewing, Adjutant James, 491


Exchange, rate of, 371


Expedition of Dutch colonists, 113 the tenth Swedish, 107 to New Sweden, the ninth, 100 Exports, early, 116 Expulsion of the French, the, 479


Fabritius, Jacobus, 176 Fairman, Thomas, 173, 236, 241


Fasting, day of, 411


Fences, provisions for height of, 278


Fendall, Josias, 119


Fenwick, John, 194, 196


Fermor, Thomas, Earl of Pomfret, 406


Ferries, establishment of, ordered, 279 control of, secured, 538


Feudal lordship, release of, 377


Field, John, 363


Finance under Thomas, 387


Financial conditions, 554, 555 measures, 507 Finland, colonists from, 81 Finney, Samuel, 343 Finns, arrival of, 80 Fire, act for prevention of, 332 company in defense of Philadelphia, 4II engine, a novel, 411 First church in limits of Pennsylvania, 83 issue of paper money, the, 368, 369 minister on the Delaware, 76 sail vessel on the great lakes, 179 Swedish settlers, sketches of, 75 vessel built within limits of original Union, 40


white settlement in Pennsylvania, 82 Fish, early supply of, 240, 241


582


Fisher, Joshua, 553 William, 463, 553


Fitch, Jabez, 520


Fitzwater, Thomas, 253, 275, 296


Five Nations, the, 6; peace with, 339


Fletcher, Benjamin, 326; confirmation of laws by, 326 episode, the, 294, 295 Governor, 316; call for men by, 328; lamentation of, 331


Flower, Enoch, 296


Ford, Philip, 334; claims of heirs of, 358


Follett, Benjamin, 570, 571


Forbes, Brigadier-General John, 483; death of, 500


Fords in the Duquesne expedition, 491, 492 Forgery by a high official, 356


Fort advised on the Monongahela, 418 at Tinicum, decay of, 112 Allen, completion of, 451


Augusta, garrison at, reinforced, 528; its garrison, 500; threatened attack on, 469


+ Beversrede, building of, 94


Bedford, arrival of troops at, 529; defense of, 528 building of, at Carlisle, 442


building of, at Wyoming, 486


building of, by the Ohio Company, 416


building of substantial, at Pittsburg, 509 built at Hoorn-kill, 117


built at Fort Little Meadows, 436


Casimir, building of, 98; capture of, IO1; capture of by the Dutch, 104; decay of, 113; name of, changed, 101; under the Dutch, 112 Christina, building of, 71; decay of, 112; house building at, 72; siege of, 105; strengthened, 98; surren- dered to the Dutch, 105


contribution for building a, 418 Cumberland, retreat to, 441


Duquesne, arrival of troops before, 493; conditions at, 487; details of attack upon, 439-442; killed and wounded at, 440; evacuation of, 498; expedition to, 488-494; move- ment against, 498; preparations for march to, 435, 436; reconnois-


*


Index


sance at, 493, 494; retreat from, 441; routes to, '492; second attempt to capture, 443


Fort Durkee, struggle for possession of, 573; evacuation of, 574 Elfsborg, 82; abandonment of, 98 Granville, attack upon, 458


Korsholm, burning of, 102; strength- ened, 98


Ligonier, sicge of, 529


Loudoun, attack upon, 553, 554; re- tirement of the garrison from, 554 Nassau, 185; abandonment of by the Dutch, 98; a center of trade, 49; and Christina, rivalry between, 76; arrival of Capt. George Holmes at, 65; arrival of De Vries at, 54; defenseless condition of, 65; de- termination to abandon it, 49; first place occupied by white men on the Delaware, 49; new commissary at, 93; recapture of, 65; situation of, 49




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