USA > Pennsylvania > Philadelphia County > Philadelphia > The Philadelphia Directory, 1813 > Part 35
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The following is a Statement of the progressive increase of Houses and Inhabitants in the City and Suburbs.
Houses. Inhabitants.
In 1683 there were 80 and about 600
1700
700
5000
1749
2076
15000
1760
2969
20000
1769
4474
30000
1776
5460
40000
1783
6000
42000
1806
13000
90000
And in 1810, twenty-two thousand seven hundred and sixty-nine buildings of different descriptions, and about one hundred thousand inhabitants.
" In consequence of the publication of an incomplete state. ment of the number of inhabitants in the city and county of Philadelphia, some of the New York editors have published an erroneous comparison of the population of Philadelphia and New York. The marshal of the district of Pennsylvania has enabled us to give the whole of the returns of the city and county of Philadelphia, within the limits of which the number of inhabitants amounts to 111,210
While the city of New York, which embraces the whole island of fifteen miles in lengthi, con- tains but 96,372
So that the population of Philadelphia exceeds that of New York 14,888
And Philadelphia still retains her rank as the FIRST CITY "in the United States." [ Poulson.]
February 15, 1811.
Pennsylvania contained in 1810 810,153 inhabitants. 1800 602,365
Increase in ten years 207,788
APPENDIX.
A comparative View of the Census of some of the principal Cities of the United States.
Cities.
No. Inhabitants:
Philadelphia
, 111,210
New York
96,372
Baltimore
46,485
Boston
33,234
Salem
12,600
Providence
10,071
Richmond
9,751
Albany
9,356
Washington
8,620
Newark
7,993
Portland .
7,172
Portsmouth
6,934
VIEWS of the MANUFACTURES in the UNITED STATES; derived from the returns made to the Treasury, pursuant to an Act of Congress, passed May 1st, 1810. In a letter from S. L. MITCHILL, to the Hon. THOMAS NEWTON, dated Washington, January 7, 1812.
DEAR SIR,
The act further to alter and amend. the act providing for the third census or enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States, passed May 1, 1810, made it the duty of the several marshals, secretaries, and their assistants, while, they were taking the census of the people, to take also, under the direction of the secretary of the treasury, and according to the instructions he should give, an account of the several manufacturing establishments and manufactures within their several districts, territories, and divisions. It was directed that the whole of the information so collected should be returned to the secretary of the treasury. It was enacted too that for such additional services, suitable com- pensation should hercafter be made by law. The money appropriated for counting the inhabitants and registering their manufactures, was one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, which is understood to have been more than enough to defray the whole cost.
Agreebly to the request of the committee of commerce and manufactures, I have paid some attention to the returns made by the marshals on the state of manufactures in our country. They abound with information; though some of them are executed with greatly . more care and exactness than others. Massachusetts appears to have been done with remarkable correctness and method, by counties and towns. The partial accounts are followed by a general resapitulation;
APPENDIX.
and the whole is an example of order and perspicuity ex- ceedingly creditable to Mr. Prince. South Carolina, on the contrary, is an example of carelessness beyond any of the returns. It is deficient in many important respects; and seems to 'have been sent away in such a hurry, that the columns of figures are not added together into an aggre- gate sum at the foot.
The information collected in the other states, evinces intermediate degrees of observation and accuracy. Yet it ought to be mentioned of New-Jersey, a state famous for in- dustry and manufactures, that the county abstracts only are forwarded, without any summary whatever of the whole. To render the statement instructive, the reader must be- stow the labour of forming the general conclusion; and in attempting this, he will discover frequent instances of in- completeness or inaccuracy. With this may be contrasted the return from Pennsylvania, which evinces an extent of research, on the part of Mr. Smith, honourable to him as an officer, and exhibits the manual arts and trades of the com- monwealth to which he belongs, in a highly advantageous light. Their numbers and kinds are displayed with extraor- dinary detail, both as to the branches carried on and capi- tal employed.
I nevertheless undertook the task of making a general abstract, and of deducing a sort of comprehensive table. I began with the return of Mr. Curtenius, from New-York, and entered the total sums of his several articles in one line upon a sheet of paper. There I recorded the 867 tanneries, 491 distilleries, 42 breweries, 33 068 looms, 467 fulling-mills, 443 carding machines, 26 cotton manufactories, 28 paper- mills, 124 hatteries, 6 glass-houses, 2 powder-mills, 18 rope- walks, 10 refineries of sugar, 28 oil-mills, 11 blast.furnaces, 10 air-furnaces. 44 cut-nail manufactories, and 48 forges, with some other things, particularly the cloths manufactured in that extensive commonwealth. On attempting, however, to arrange the other returns under the same heads, I found great difficulties in the way. For, though Connecticut, North Caro- lina, Kentucky, and indeed most of the states and territories, corresponded very well to a certain number of titles, yet many of the latter were so difform and various, that it was impossible to class them under corresponding heads.
There were further difficulties. Maine was observed by a different officer from him who took the census of Massachu- setts. The return from that district is so unlike the one made by the other marshal, that it is extremely difficult, it' not impossible, to make them correspond and harmonize. I des- paired, therefore, ofeffecting a reconcilement in the returns from the two parts of Massachusetts. Again; Tennessee is in very much the same situation. The marshal of the western
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APPENDIX.
district of that state has made a valuable return; his col. league of the eastern district has not equalled him in parti- cularizing and distributing his subject, and besides, has pur- sued so different a plan that it is not practicable to adapt them.
I might easily make other observations. The return from Rhode-Island might be quoted for its minuteness and accu- racy. But, notwithstanding the appearance of observation and fidelity which pervades it, there is almost or quite an impossibility of adjusting its materials with those contained in the other returns. The like remark applies to Ohio, though its return contains indications of perspicacity and in- telligence; and to Michingan, whose secretary, Atwater, has furnished a paper which, though small, is a moddle of per- spicuity and neatness.
After several attempts to arrange and methodize the ma- terials, so as to bring them into one compendious view, I became convinced that my labours were fruitless, and aban- doned the undertaking. It is certainly a subject of regret that a grand total cannot be formed of all the manufacturing establishments in the nation. Yet we may rejoice that so much has been done. When the next census shall be taken, we may be more successful. An exact schedule of all the subjects of inquiry ought to be formed. These, if transmit- ted to the proper officers, would direct their attention to certain aad definite objects. The returns would therby be rendered uniform, and capable of being added up into one great account, exhibiting in a concordant and uniform man- ner all the subjects inquired into throughout the states and territories.
Some most valuable information is derived from these re- turns, incomplete and heterogeneous as they are. Under the head of sheep, for example, we learn that Vermont contains a stock of 450,000; Massachusetts 399,182; Connecticut400,000; and Pennsylvania 1,466,918. Among these are included the individuals of the merino breed, and of the mixed race de- rived from their communication with the ordinary kind. From these premises we deduce favourable conclusions as to the food derived from their carcasses, the leather from their skins, and above all the clothing from their fleeces.
The number of looms, and of carding and spinning ma- chines, almost exceeds belief, as does also the amount of cloth prepared by the inhabitams. The woollen manufacture has prodigiously increased, as well in the quality and varie- ty, as in the quantity of the goods. Such advances are already made toward supplying domestic fabrics enough to clothe the people, that but few years more will be necessary, under the existing commercial restrictions, to effect that important object.
APPENDIX.
The progress made in the preparation of cotton twist, and of the articles into which it may be manufactured by the weaver, has been still more rapid and surprising. From a perusal of these papers, the most comfortable assurance is derived of the amount and fitness of these products of the loom, to afford a covering to man, and furniture for his ha- bitation.
The fabrics of flax are also so far extended, and so much ' on the increase, as to excite the most cheering prospects of an augmented supply to our citizens, from their own proper labour and skill. The superior excellence of homespun linen is the strongest of all recommendations.
'These papers contain a more distinct and interesting ex- hibition than we ever had before of the saltpetre manufac- tured in the states. Thus Virginia prepares 59,175 pounds; Kentucky 201,937; Massachusetts 23,600; East Tennessee, 17,534, and West Tennessee, chiefly in Jackson, Warren, White, and Smith counties, 144,895; making nearly half a million pounds of home made nitre, as good as that usually brought from foreign parts. It is alleged, the quantity may be increased to any desirable amount. The connexion of this with numerous inanufactories of gun powder, puts us quite at our ease as to the nitrate of potash, and to the means we possess of compounding it.
'The manufacture of straw is eminently worthy of notice. In Massachusetts, where the forming of bonnets from that material seems to have first begun, the yearly amount of sales is not less than $551,988. The manufacture of straw bonnets has been since undertaken in Connecticut, and pro- duces the yearly value of $ 27,100; and it is worthy of re- mark, that the labours of two women in New Jersey, in the same way, yielded them $ 140, amounting to the sum of $ 579,228, for the single article of straw bonnets.
Nor is the preparation of sugar from the juice of the maple free unimportant. Of this domestic sweet, Ohio produces, in a twelve-month, 3,023,806 pounds; Kentucky, 2,471,647; Vermont, 1,200,000; and Eas- l'ennessee, 162,340: making a quantity of nearly seven million pounds in these states only, wherein the returns may be conceived to be greatly within the truth.
Works in horn, ivory, and shell, have made a progress that is worthy of notice. The combs, for instance, which Connecticut prepares annually for market, are estimated at $70,000; Massachusetts $80,624; and Pennsylvania S6,240; equalling a sum of § 156,864.
I may mention too the abundance of copperas which West Tennessee and Vermont afford. The quantity per annum from the former, is stated at 56,000 lbs .; and from the latter, at 8,000. The quality of these sulphates of iron is declared
XVIII
APPENDIX
to be very fine, and that druggists and dyers may be supplied to any demand they may make.
The tanning of skins is displayed, in these surveys, to great advantage. Indeed, among a people who universally wear shoes of leather, and a great part of whose male inhabitants dress in boots. the consumption of that material is extrava- gant. By admitting hides and peltry free of impost, and lay- ing heavy duties upon the introduction of tanned and rawed leather, congress has given ample protection to the operations of preparing skin's for use. But our domestic supplies go far beyond the demand for the feet and legs. Saddlery, harness, and books, are principally supplied from the same internal source, to the great extent of their several demands; and the like may be observed of the supplies for the wants of naviga- tion and military equipments.
A prominent feature in the face of this performance is the number of stills employed in the preparation of ardent spirits. The quantity of ardent spirits annually distilled appears, by the returns, to equal the prodigious amount of twenty-three millions seven hundred and twenty thousand gallons. The extraction of brandy from peaches, of an alkoholic liquid from cider, and of whiskey from rye, and even maize, is carried to this alarming cxccss. These products of the distilleries are chiefly consumed among ourselves, though a portion of the latter is converted to gin before it reaches the human stomach. While, therefore, we observe the increase of these home-made fluids, we must reflect on their inebriating ef- fects. It cannot be disguised, that their intoxicating quality recommends them to such general employment. Nor ought it to be concealed, than in a country where a gallon of this maddening stimulus can be bought for half a dollar, a gill may be obtained at retail for three cents, and the seller, at the same time, more than double his money. The fondness for this bewitching beverage, and the repugnance to any ex- cise upon it, raise in the mind a curious association between the free use of it and of political freedom. And it deserves the consideration of all the thinking part of society, how far discase, idleness, immorality, and other mischiefs incidental to strong potation, may not degrade freedom to rudeness and something worse.
A few other important objects disclosed by an examination of these papers, remain to be mentioned.
The number of water and horse-mills employed in spin- ning cotton, on this exhibition, amounted to 330, in the month of August, 1810, and working one hundred thousand spin- dics These, on an average, will spin annually between four and five million pounds of yarn; and that yarn would be suf- ficient to weave eighteen millions of yards of cotton cloth, three quarters of a yard wide. And this is wholly indepen -.
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APPENDIX.
dent of what may be spun in private families, although it makes part of what is wove there.
The fulling mills returned amount to 1630; and the wool- carding machines, going by water, to 1585.
The number of looms returned exceeds 330,000, and the total number of yards of cloth made of wool, cotton, and flax, as returned, exceeds seventy-five millions.
Gun-powder mills are enumerated to the number of 207. Some of these are, indeed, small; but they count, and, in addition to the larger ones, they prepare yearly 1,450,000 pounds of gun-powder.
Five hundred and thirty furnaces, forges, and bloomeries, are enumerated.
The paper mills amount to 190.
I cannot forbear to express the wish, that these important papers may fall into the hands of some person who may have time and ability to derive from them more extensive infor- mation than I am able to give you. But until this shall be done, the present communication may serve to afford some idea of the manner in which the marshals have executed their instructions, and of the facts which their returns con- ta:lı.
Allow me to assure you, once more,. of my great esteem and regard.
SAMUEL L. MITCHILL.
GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
CIVIL ESTABLISHMENT.
JAMES MADISON, president of the United States,
Salary, S 25,000
Vice president, (vacant) 5,000
MEMBERS OF THE TWELFTH CONGRESS.
Note. Each senator and member of the house of representa- tives, receives a compensation of six dollars per day, while attending in session, and one day's pay for every twenty miles travelling to and from the seat of government.
SENATE.
New Hampshire,
Massachusetts,
S Charles Cutts,
Nicholas Gilman. SJames Lloyd, jun.
Joseph B. Varner-
LX
APPENDIX.
Connecticut, Rhode Island, 6. 1 Vermont, New York, New Jersey,
S Chauncey Goodrich, Samuel W. Dana. William Hunter, Jeremiah B. Howell.
Stephen R. Bradley, Jonathan Robinson. .
Obadiah German, John Smith. S John Lambert, John Condit. .
Andrew Gregg,
Michael Leib.
Delaware,
Outerbridge Horsey-
Samuel Smith,
Maryland,
2 Philip Reed.
S Richard Brent,
Virginia,
¿ William B. Giles.
North Carolina
S James Turner, Jesse Franklin:
South Carolina,.
2 John Taylor.
Georgia,
2 William H. Crawford.
Kentucky,
S George M. Bibb, 2 John Pope.
S Joseph Anderson,
Tennessee,
¿ George W. Campbell.
Ohio,
¿ Alexandar Campbell.
Louisiana,
,Thomas Posey. Samuel A. Otis, secretary
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.
New Hampshire.
Josiah Bartlett, John A. Harper,
Samuel Dinsmoor, .George Sullivan ..
Obed Hall,
Massachusetts.
Ezekiel Bacon, Ebenezer Seaver;
Abijah Bigelow, Elijah Brigharn, Richard Cutts,
Samuel Taggart, Peleg Tallman,
Charles Turner, jun. Laban Wheaton,
William Ely, Isaiah L. Greenyo Josialı Quincy, William Reed, Francis Carr,
Leonard White,
William Widgery, Wm. M. Richardson.
Pennsylvania,
James A. Bayard,
S James Gaillard,
S Charles Tait,
S Thomas Worthington,
S Allan B. Magruder,
APPENDIX:
Rhode Island. Richard Jackson, jun.
Elisha R. Potter. Connecticut.
Epaph. Champion,
Timothy Pitkin, jun.
John Davenport, jun. Lyman Law, Jonathan O. Moseley,
Lewis B. Sturges, Benjamin Tallmadge.
Vermont.
Martin Chittenden, James Fisk,
Samuel Shaw, William Strong.
New York.
Daniel Avery,
William Paulding, jub.
Hamanus Bleecker,
Benjamin Pond,
Thomas B. Cooke,
Peter B. Porter,
James Emott,
Ebenezer Sage,
Asa Fitch,
Thomas Sammons,
Thomas R. Gold, Silas Stow,
R. Le Roy Livingston,
Uri Tracy,
Arunalı Metcalf,
Pierre Van Cortlandt, jun.
Samuel L. Mitchill,
New Jersey.
Adam Boyd,
Lewis Condit, Jacob Hufty,
George C. Maxwell, James Morgan, Thomas Newbold.
Pennsylvania.
William Anderson,
Aaron Lyle,
David Bard,
James Milnor,
Robert Brown,
William Piper,
William Crawford,
Jonathan Roberts,
Roger Davis,
William Rodinan, "
William Findley,
Adam Seybert,
John Smilie,
George Smith, Robert Whitehill.
Delaware.
Henry M. Ridgely. Maryland.
Stevenson Archer, Charles Guldsborough, Joseph Kent,
Philip B. Key, Peter Little,
Alexander M'Kim, Samuel Ringgold, Philip Stewart, Robert Wright.
Virginia.
John Baker, Burwell Bassett, James Breckenridge, William A. Burwell, Matthew Clay, John Clopton,
John Dawson, Thomas Gholson, Peterson Goodwyn;
Edwin Gray,
Aylett Hawes, Joseph Lewis, jun. f
John M. Ilyneman, Abner Lacock,
Joseph Lefever,
LXII
APPENDIX.
William M'Coy, Hugh Nelson, Thomas Newton, James Pleasants, jun.
John Roane, Daniel Sheffey, John Smith,
John Talliaferro, Thomas Wilson.
John Randolph, North Carolina.
Willis Alston, jun. William Blackledge,'
James Cochran,
Meshack Franklin,
William R. King, Joseph Pearson,
Nathaniel Macon,
Archibald M'Bryde,
Israel Pickens,
Lemuel Sawyer, Richard Stanford. (One vacancy.)
South Carolina.
William Butler, John C. Calhoun, Langdon Cheves, Elias Earle,
William Lowndes, Thomas Moore, David R. Williams, Richard Winn.
Georgia.
Bolling Hall. (One vacancy.)
Kentucky.
Henry Clay, ( Speaker)
John Desha,
Samuel M'Kee, Anthony New,
Richard M. Johnson, Stephen B. Ormsby.
Tennessee.
Felix Grundy,
John Sevier.
John Rhea,
Ohio.
Jeremiah Morrow.
Louisiana.
Thomas B. Robertson. Mississippi Territory.
George Poindexter, delegate Indiana Territory. Jonathan Jennings, delegate.
Patrick Magruder, clerk.
JUDICIARY.
JOHN MARSHALL, chief justice of the United States, Salary, § 4000
Associate judges, Salary § 3500 each. Bushrod Washington, Thomas Todd,
William Johnson, jun. Joseph Story,
Brockholdst Livingston, Gabriel Duval.
Attorney general of the United States. William Pinckney (of Maryland) Salary $ 3000
William W. Bibb, George M. Troup,
APPENDIX.
DISTRICT JUDGES.
District of Maine,
David Sewall, $ 1000
New Hampshire,
John S. Sherburne, 1000
Massachusetts,
John Davis, 1200
Rhode Island,
David Howell,
800
Vermont,
Elijah Paine,
800
Connecticut,
Pierpont Edwards,
1000
New York, chief judge,
M. B. Talmadge,
1500
Additional judge,
W. P. Van Ness,
New Jersey,
Robert Morris,
1000
Pennsylvania,
Richard Peters,
1600
Delaware,
John Fisher,
1200
Maryland,
James Houston,
1500
Virginia,
John Tyler,
1800
North Carolina,
Henry Potter,
1500
South Carolina,
John Dravion, 1800
Georgi ...
William Stevens,
1500
Kentucky,
Harry Innes, 1500
Tennessee,
John M'Nairy,
500
Ohio,
Charles W. Bird, 1500
Columbia, chief judge,
William Cranch, 2000
Nicholas Fitzhugh, 1600
Assistant judges
Buckner Thruston,
1600
CLERKS TO THE SUPREME CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT COURTS.
Supreme Court,
District of N. Hampshire,
Elias B. Caldwell, Jonathan Stecl, Henry Sewall,
Maine,
Massachusetts,
Nathan Goodale,
Rhode Island,
Edmund T. Ellery,
Vermont,
Cephas Smith,
Conhecticut,
Simeon Baldwin,
New York
Edward Dunscomb,
New Jersey,
Robert Boggs,
Pennsylvania,
David Caldwell, Thomas Witherspoon, 1
Maryland,
Philip Moore,
Virginia,
William Marshall,
North Carolina,
William Blackledge, Thomas llall,
Georgia, Kentucky,
Richard M. Stites,
Tennessee, Columbia
Bitto,
Thomas Tunstall, Robert M. Gavock, William Brent, George Déncale.
Delaware,
South Carolina,
APPENDIX.
DISTRICT ATTORNIES.
New Hampshire, Maine,
Daniel Humphries,
Silas Lee, «
Massachusetts,
George Blake, David Howell,
Rhode Island, Connecticut,
Hezekiah Huntingdon,
Vermont, New York,
Nathan Sandford,
New Jersey,
· Pennsylvania,
Joseph M'Ilvaine, Alexander J. Dallas, George Reed, jun.
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia,
- Elias Glenn; George Hay,
Kentucky, North Corolina, South Carolina,
Robert Wickliffe,
Robert H. Jones,
Georgia,
Thomas Parker, William B. Bullock,
East Tennesse,
West Tennessee,
Ohio,
Columbia,
New Orleans,-
Walter Jones, juni. - John-R. Grymes.
MARSHALS.
New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvaniar. Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Columbia, Bast Tennessee, West Tennessee, Ohio, Orleans,
Michael M'Clary, Thomas G. Thornton, James Prince, Ebenezer K. Dexter, Robert Fairchild, David Robinson, Peter Curtenius, Oliver Wayne Ogdens John Smith, James Brobson,
Thomas Rutter, Andrew Moore, Beverley Daniel,
Robert E. Cochran,
John Eppinger, Robert Crockett, Washington Boyd, Charles I. Porter, John Childress, jun. Lewis Cass, Peter L. B. Duplessis.
John M'Campbell, John E. Beck, Samuel Herrick,
Cornelius P. Van Ness,
. LXF
APPENDIX.
COMMISSIONERS OF LOANS.
New Hampshire,
William Gardner,
Massachusetts,
Benjamin Austin, jun.
Rhode Island,
Christopher Ellery,
Connecticut,
Jonathan Bull,
New York,
William Few,
New Jersey,
William Ewing,
Pennsylvania,
William White,
Delaware,
John Stockton,
Maryland,
Edward Hall,
Virginia,
Thomas Nelson,
North Carolina,
Sherwood Haywood,
South Carolina,
Morton A. Waring,
Georgia,
Robert Habersham.
FEDERAL COURTS OF LAW.
THE SUPREME COURT.
At the seat of government, the first Monday in February annually.
CIRCUIT COURTS.
For New Hampshire, on the 19th of May and 2d of No- vomber, at Portsmouth and Exeter.
Vermont, at Windsor and Rutland, alternately, the 1st of May and 3d of October.
Massachusetts, at Boston, on the 1st of June and 20th of October.
Rhode Island, on the 15th of June and 15th of November, at Newport and Providence.
Connecticut, on the 13th of April and 17th of September at New Haven and Hartford.
New York, at New York on the 1st of April and Sep- tember.
New Jersey, at Trenton, on the 1st of April and October.
Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, on the 11th of April, and 11th of October.
Delaware, at Newcastle and Dover, on the 3d of June and the 27th of October.
Maryland, at Baltimore, on the 1st of May and 7th of No- vember.
Virginia, at Richmond, on the 22d of May aed November.
North Carolina, at Raleigh, the 12th of May and No- vember.
South Carolina, at Charleston, on the 20th of May, and at Columbia on the 30th of November:
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APPENDIX
Georgia, on the 6th of May and 14th of December, at S&- vannah and Louisville.
District of Columbia, at the city of Washington, lot Mon- dav in June and 4th in December, and at Alexandria, 1st Monday in July and 4th in November.
When any of the above fixed days happen to be on Sunday, the court is opened on the Monday following.
In those districts where two places are designated for holding the sessions of the Circuit court, the first term in the year is always held at the place first named.
DISTRICT COURTS.
Maine district,
At Portland, Sd Tuesday in June and the 1st in Decem. ber, and at Pownalborough, Ist in March and September. New Hampshire,
At Portsmouth, 3d Tuesday in March and September, and at Exeter, 3d'in June and December.
Vermont,
Windsor and at Rotland, 1st Monday in February and Au- gust, and 2d in May and November,
Massachusetts,
At Salem, 3d Tuesday in March, and 2d in September, and at Boston 4th Tuesday in June, and 1st in December.
Rhode Island,
At Newport and Providence, Ist Monday in February and August, and Ist in May and November.
Connecticut;
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