USA > Rhode Island > Rhode Island : three centuries of democracy, Vol. II > Part 4
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drove the enemy from the field. Captain Charles W. Gleason and Lieutenant William H. Perry were killed in action. By order of General Meade the regimental colors carry the names of the following battles: Bull Run, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fred- ericksburg, Marye's Heights, Salem Heights, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Fort Stevens, Opequan, Hatcher's Run, Sailor's Creek, and Appomattox. The Second was a fighting regiment. Losses of killed and wounded fatally were 102, and of wounded 281. The regiment was mustered out at Hall's Hill, Virginia, July 13, 1865.
Fourth Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers, left Rhode Island, October 5, 1861; mus- tered into service of United States, October 30. Embarked January 7, 1862, on steamer "Eastern Queen" for Fortress Monroe, and sailed with Burnside's Expedition to North Caro- lina. At the battle of Roanoke Island the Fourth Regiment had the honor of planting its colors first on Fort Bartow, which was stormed and carried. The General Assembly ordered a sword presented to General Burnside "for his recent victory at Roanoke Island, one of the most brilliant exploits of the war." The achievement was significant as part of the major federal plan for blockading the coast, and controlling approaches to important harbors. Roa- noke Island had been strongly fortified; the combined naval and military forces captured six forts, forty cannon and 2000 prisoners. At the battle of Newbern, March 14, Parke's brigade, including the Fourth and Fifth Rhode Island and Eighth and Eleventh Connecticut Regiments, was held in reserve until the General discovered an uncovered point in the enemy's works. The Fourth Rhode Island, Colonel Rodman, was assigned to attack, and, forming a battle line, charged and carried the redoubt. Losses were ten killed and twenty-five wounded, five mortally, the killed including Captain Charles Tillinghast. The Fourth participated in the investment of Fort Macon, and occupation of Beaufort. Colonel Rodman was appointed as Brigadier General and succeeded by Colonel William P. Steere. The Fourth Regiment was assigned to the Ninth Army Corps, General Burnside, and moved with Burnside to reinforce McClellan on the Peninsula, arriving too late, however, to participate in the fighting. At the battle of South Mountain, September 14, the Fourth was in the thickest of the fighting. "The battle was now terriffic," wrote one survivor. "The enemy had thrown his whole force upon the Union line, but the men of the North had been unshaken. Side by side, and shoulder to shoulder had they stood. Fearful gaps had been made in their ranks, but the shock of the enemy had been broken. . . .. But still the battle raged. The rattle of musketry was inces- sant. . ... For a few moments an ominous silence would reign, and then the storm would burst forth again in all its fury, as with the last expiring energies of the foe, they dashed again and again on the federal lines, only to fall back repulsed, bleeding and broken. . The road for at least three-quarters of a mile, was strewn with dead, lying like cord wood. Upward of thirty bodies lay in one spot not sixty feet square. .... Forming a line of bat- tle, the regiment marched to the front and took position." Three days later, at Antietam, the Fourth Rhode Island Regiment "stood up bravely in the face of a murderous fire, and recorded" 102 killed and wounded. Corporal Thomas B. Tanner carried the flag within twenty feet of the enemy, and was killed; Lieutenant George E. Curtis saved the flag from capture. Colonel Steere was wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Curtis reported: "Throughout the day I never saw an officer but that he was encouraging and directing his men." He mentioned par- ticularly the bravery of Lieutenants Watts and Curtis, Sergeants Wilson, Coon and Morris, Corporals Leonard and Farley, and Privates McCann and Peck. General Isaac P. Rodman, past Colonel of the Fourth, commanding a division at Antietam, was mortally wounded, as was also Lieutenant Robert Hale Ives, a member of the staff of General Rodman. Lieutenant Ives died September 27, and General Rodman two days later, both at Hagerstown. Charging side by side at the head of a brigade in Rodman's division, Rodman and Ives had fallen within a few feet of the guns of the enemy. At Fredericksburg, December 13, the Fourth was
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engaged, and Lieutenant Colonel Curtis was killed in action, while reforming the regimental line; eight were wounded. Passing the winter at Newport News with the Ninth Army Corps, the regiment in spring and summer was active in skirmishes and minor engagements, and, in June, participated in the "Blackberry raid," threatening Richmond as a diversion to attract Confederate attention from the Army of the Potomac. The Fourth was detached from the Ninth Corps in July, 1863, and joined the Third Brigade, General Nagle, Second Division, Seventh Corps. The regiment was stationed near Portsmouth, Virginia, from July 15, 1863, to March I, 1864. Reassigned to the Ninth Corps, the Fourth Regiment served in the trenches at the siege of Petersburg. "In the assault upon the rebel works immediately after the explosion of the mine, July 30, the regiment, led by Lieutenant Colonel Buffum, advanced upon the enemy's line, and under a galling fire entered the crater of the fort, caused by the explosion, where a hand-to-hand fight ensued, with great slaughter on both sides. The attempt to hold the position was made in vain. The overwhelming force and deadly fire of the rebels threatened speedy destruction of the regiment, and Lieutenant Colonel Buffum, while obeying an order to withdraw his men, was fiercely charged upon by an overwhelming force of the enemy, resulting in the capture of himself," four officers and twenty-one men. The regiment participated in the operations on the Weldon Railroad, September 30. The three- year men of the Fourth who had not reenlisted were relieved on October 3, 1864, and mus- tered out of service, October 15, at Providence. Almost half of the veterans remained with the army, and were consolidated, October 21, 1864, with the Seventh Rhode Island Volun- teers. For these veterans the flag of the Fourth carries the names of the battles of Poplar Spring Church and Hatcher's Run. Otherwise General Meade ordered inscribed on the colors Roanoke Island, Newbern, Fort Macon, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Suffolk, Weldon Railroad. Of a total of 1035 officers and men on the rolls of the Fourth Regiment, seventy-two were killed or died of wounds, sixty-five died by disease and accident, forty-three were discharged on account of wounds and 184 on account of disability, 173 were wounded, 172 reënlisted, and 189 were discharged, October 15, 1864. In formally presenting the flag of the Fourth Regiment to the State of Rhode Island, Governor Smith wrote: "It has never been sullied by defeat, but its blood-stained and battered folds show through what terrible conflicts it has been borne to victory, and now, battle worn as it is, we should preserve it in the archives of the state, as a sacred relic of those departed sons of Rhode Island who have fallen in defence of their country's cause while bearing this flag to victory." The Fourth was a fighting regiment; but all the Rhode Island regiments were courageous.
Seventh Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers-Left Rhode Island September 10, 1862, and was assigned to Paul's brigade, Casey's division, at Arlington Heights, Virginia. Break- ing camp, October 27, the regiment marched to its position opposite Fredericksburg, which was reached on November 20. In the battle of Fredericksburg the Seventh Regiment, under fire for the first time, exhibited "the most unflinching bravery, and after expending all its ammunition, besides that procured from other regiments and from the dead and wounded, remained on the field with fixed bayonets until ordered off" at 7:30. The losses were thirty- one killed and 122 wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Sayles was killed in action; Major Jacob Babbitt was mortally wounded. Adjutant Page, Captains Rodman, Remington and Leavens, Lieutenants Wilbur and Kenyon, and Sergeant Major Manchester were wounded. The regi- mental flag was pierced by sixteen bullets and a fragment of a shell. The regiment camped at Falmouth until February 9, 1863, when it moved to Newport News. Thence, with Burn- side's Ninth Army Corps, it travelled west to join the Army of the Tennessee in front of Vicksburg. It was engaged in battle at Jackson, Mississippi, on July 13, losing two killed, nine wounded and two captured. Attacked by Yazoo fever, thirty-three died and many were transferred to invalid camps during the summer. The regiment was ordered to Lexington, Kentucky, on provost duty, and for recuperation. Returning with the Ninth Corps to Vir-
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ginia, it joined Grant's army before the battles around Spotsylvania Court House. In six days of fighting, May 12 to May 18, 1864, losses in killed and wounded totalled sixty-two, including Lieutenant D. L. Cole and Color Sergeant S. F. Simpson. The regiment partici- pated in the continuous fighting as Grant moved steadily on Petersburg; at Cold Harbor, and, on June 3, at Bethesda Church, it lost six killed and forty-two wounded. The regiment was detached from the brigade and assigned as division engineers on July 2. The Seventh was engaged in hard and dangerous service, and in action at Weldon Railroad, Poplar Spring Church, and Hatcher's Run. October 21, the Fourth Rhode Island was consolidated with the Seventh. The regimental flag bears the names of Fredericksburg, Siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Spring Church, and Hatcher's Run. The Seventh was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia, on June 9, 1865. The veterans of the Fourth and recruits of the Seventh whose enlistments had not expired continued as Battalion Seventh Rhode Island until mustered out on July 13. The Seventh Regiment travelled more than any other Rhode Island regiment. Its losses in battle aggre- gated seventy-three killed and 256 wounded.
Ninth Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers -- Left Rhode Island May 29, 1862, for three months' service in defence of Washington. The Ninth moved with McDowell's army to sup- port Mcclellan's campaign on the Peninsula, but was recalled and assigned to garrison duty, the companies being placed in forts defending the approaches to Washington until the expira- tion of enlistments.
Tenth Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers-Left Rhode Island May 27, 1862, for three months' service in defence of Washington. Company B, Captain Elisha Dyer,* captured a Confederate field howitzer, June 17, 1862; it is now in the north vestibule of the State House, near the Bull Run cannon. After marching into Virginia with McDowell's army, the Tenth, like the Ninth, was assigned to garrison duty in the forts defending Washington. The regi- ment was mustered out September 1, 1862.
Eleventh Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers-Mustered in October 1, 1862, for nine months; left Rhode Island October 6. Except light skirmishing on May 22 and 23, 1863, near Blackswater bridge, the regiment was not under fire. The regiment returned to Rhode Island, July 6, 1863.
Twelfth Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers-Mustered in October 13, 1862, for nine months; left Rhode Island October 21. From Washington the regiment was sent to Fal- mouth, Virginia, and assigned to the same brigade as the Seventh Rhode Island. At the bat- tle of Fredericksburg the Twelfth "occupied one of the hottest positions in the field and doggedly held its ground until evening, when, having fired away all its ammunition, and the other regiments retiring, it filed into the rear of the retreating column and returned to its position in Fredericksburg." In the day's battle the regiment had lost 115 men, ten of whom were killed. After remaining opposite Fredericksburg until February 9, 1863, the regiment camped on the James until March 25, when it was ordered west with Burnside's Ninth Army Corps, including the Seventh as well as the Twelfth Rhode Island Regiment. After long marches in Kentucky preparatory to an advance into Tennessee, the regiment was ordered to Vicksburg ; orders having been countermanded, the Twelfth marched 100 miles in six days to Somerset, which was reached on June 9. The remainder of the period of service was spent in Ohio and Kentucky, and at General Burnside's request the regiment overstayed its enlistment ten days at Cincinnati, guarding the city against an anticipated attack by Morgan's cavalry. Altogether the regiment marched 3000 miles in its nine months of service. On the return it reached Rhode Island on July 22.
*Former Governor.
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First Regiment, Rhode Island Cavalry-Left Rhode Island March 12-14, 1862, and was attached successively to Stoneman's brigade, Army of the Potomac; Hatch's brigade, Fifth Corps, valley of the Shenandoah; Duryea's brigade, and Shield's brigade. At Fort Royal, May 29, the Third Battalion charged the Twelfth Georgia Infantry, a squadron of cavalry and a battery of artillery, and routed the Confederates. Colonel Duffie succeeded Colonel Lawton, and the regiment was drilled for four weeks under Colonel Duffie's direction. The regiment opened the battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9, and was engaged at Groveton, August 29; Second Bull Run, August 31; Chantilly, September I. During the battle of Fredericksburg, the First Cavalry protected the army trains. The regiment was engaged in scouting and picket duty through the winter. The cavalry division repulsed Stuart's cavalry on February 15, 1863, the Rhode Island regiment losing twenty men as prisoners. At Kelly's Ford, March 17, the First Cavalry "displayed great gallantry and achieved honorable distinc- tion." After two unsuccessful attempts by the Fourth New York Cavalry, the First Rhode Island charged the river and drove the Confederates from rifle pits, capturing twenty-five prisoners. In crossing the river Lieutenant Simeon A. Brown with eighteen men took the advance. On the opposite bank, 100 rebels sheltered in earthworks, rained a deadly fire on the ford; on this side a barricade was so built that only one horse could leap over it at a time. Of the nineteen gallant soldiers who rode to the ford only Lieutenant Brown, Ser- geant E. T. Guild, and Privates John A. Medbury and Patrick Parker reached the opposite bank; the other fifteen men were stopped by bullets striking them or their horses." The main body of the regiment followed the forlorn hope. Three charges were made beyond the river, each time driving the enemy. The regiment lost twenty-six killed and wounded, and sixteen prisoners. The dead included Lieutenant Henry L. Nicolai and Sergeant Jeremiah Fitz- gerald; Lieutenant Nathaniel Bowditch was mortally wounded. Colonel Duffie wrote of the First Rhode Island: "They have fully justified every high hope, every noble impulse with which you sent them. . ... In the last great cavalry battle, at Kelly's Ford, on the seven- teenth instant, by far the most brilliant in execution and most momentous in its results ever fought on this continent, they showed themselves heroes, every man of them, and in their terrific charges, meeting the enemy on that great plain, proved, beyond the shadow of a doubt, that the boasted supremacy of Virginia courage and fighting qualities was a falsehood, their chivalry a myth; and that the prestige of success which they had obtained from behind can- nonades, stone walls and fences, the cover of woods and darkness, in the open field and in the broad light of God's sun was taken from them in a moment, and forever, by Yankee valor, indomitable courage, and the inspiration of a great and holy cause. The effect has been electrical in the whole Army of the Potomac." The First Cavalry was with Stoneman on his raid toward Richmond, and engaged at Chancellorsville, Stevensburg and Middleburg. At Middleburg Colonel Duffie ordered his advanced squadron to charge through the town, and thus cut off the rearguard of Stuart's cavalry. In an engagement lasting half an hour the Confederates were completely routed, and forced to retreat "in the greatest disorder and con- fusion, scattering in every direction." Under orders to remain at Middleburg, Colonel Duffie barricaded the roads leading into the town, at the same time sending a message to General Kilpatrick at Aldie, asking for reinforcements in anticipation of Stuart's return. The enemy surrounded Middleburg, and Colonel Duffie prepared for defence, dismounting half his regi- ment, and placing the men behind stone walls and other barricades. The Confederate first attack was repulsed with great slaughter; following a second attack in force and three charges, Colonel Duffie retired by the only road open to retreat, crossed the Little River, northeast of Middleburg, and bivouacked for the night. Colonel Duffie sent a second messen- ger, with an urgent request for assistance. In the morning Colonel Duffie's scouts reported all roads blocked, and the road to Aldie held by an enemy brigade with four pieces of artil- lery. Determined not to surrender, although surrounded, Colonel Duffie ordered a charge,
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and fought his way through the enemy. Three days after the battle, Colonel Duffie reached Centreville "with gallant debris of my most beloved regiment-four officers and twenty-seven men." Lieutenant Colonel Thompson arrived a day later with eighty-seven men. Major Farrington, Captain Bliss and Sergeant Palmer joined the regiment successively, each with a contingent ; the regiment had lost five killed, fourteen wounded and 200 captured. The color sergeant was captured, but concealed the flag successfully on his person, and eventually escaped with it. Colonel Duffie attributed the disaster to overwhelming forces of the enemy, and complained of neglect on the part of the commander of the division to send reinforce- ments, stating that "Stuart's cavalry would have been destroyed" had his appeal for assistance been heeded. "I could certainly have saved my regiment in the night," he wrote, "but my duty as a soldier and as Colonel obliged me to be faithful to my orders. . ... My heart was bleeding on seeing the lives of these men whom I had led so many times sacrificed through the neglect and utter forgetfulness of my superior officers. . ... My duty calls me to appeal to the state for an investigation of such a gross mistake." Colonel Duffie was promoted after his return to Centreville to be Brigadier General of Volunteers "for gallant service," and the matter rested. The regiment was reorganized, and was in action at Culpepper Court House, Rapidan Station, Pony Mountain, Sulphur Springs, Auburn, Bristoe Station, Wolf Run, and Rappahannock Station. The New Hampshire battalion was detached, January 5, 1864, and the First Cavalry returned to Rhode Island on furlough. It left again on April 8, and from May to the end of July was engaged in scouting. Joining Sheridan's army in the valley of the Shenandoah, it was in action at Charlestown, Kearneysville, Smithville, Berrysville, Sum- mit Point, Opequan, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Milford Creek, New Market, Waynesboro, Kernstown, Woodstock, Cedar Creek and Road's Hill. Captain George N. Bliss, taken pris- oner at Waynesboro, was held in close confinement with four other officers at Libby Prison, as hostages for Confederates sentenced to be hanged. An exchange was arranged and Captain Bliss was released. Consolidated into a battalion of four squadrons, the First Cavalry joined General Sheridan on the march that led to Five Forks. The regiment was mustered out August 3 and returned to Rhode Island, August 5.
Second Regiment, Rhode Island Cavalry-Recruited in the fall of 1862, and sent for- ward, the first battalion, December 24, and the second, January 19, 1863. Both joined Major General Banks at New Orleans for the first advance on Port Hudson. The regiment was engaged at Bisland and Franklin, and was employed in scouting and foraging during the siege of Port Hudson. The regiment was consolidated as one battalion of four companies on August 24, 1863, and on September I was united with the First Louisiana Cavalry contrary to the wishes of officers and men. The men agreed to lay down their arms rather than join the Louisiana regiment, and when ordered by Lieutenant Colonel Robinson of the First Louisiana to transfer to his camp no one moved. Lieutenant Colonel Robinson repeated the order in person, and received the answer : "We belong to Rhode Island and not to Louisiana." The Colonel then ordered up the First Louisiana, on foot, armed with sabres, revolvers and carbines, formed on front and right, and followed his command, repeated, with the threat : "Hurry up, or I will fire into you." The Rhode Islanders, realizing the force of military law, yielded and slowly fell into line. "Their tardy movements excited the ire of the Louisiana commander, and a file of men was ordered to lead Richard Smith and William Davis, the last two to follow, to a field in front of the camp, where, with their hands tied behind them, their eyes blinded, and without the semblance of law, or form of trial, they were shot by two squads of men detailed from the Louisiana regiment. Davis fell, killed. Smith was shot through the legs, and was afterward dispatched by the revolvers of the adjutant and sergeant in charge. Lieutenant Colonel Robinson then addressed the Rhode Island cavalry in threatening terms, after which they marched back to camp filled with horror and indignation by the butchery they had witnessed." Governor Smith protested the transfer to the War Depart-
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ment, and the battalion was assigned, at his request, to the Third Rhode Island Cavalry, under an order issued by General Banks, January 14, 1864.
Third Regiment, Rhode Island Cavalry-First Battalion left Rhode Island, December 31, 1863, on "Western Metropolis," and reported to General Banks at New Orleans, January 14, 1864. It received by transfer from the First Louisiana Cavalry two squadrons, formerly of the Second Rhode Island. The regiment joined the Red River Expedition, March 3, 1864; and was in action at Pleasant Hill, April 9. Leading the expedition, the regiment fought fre- quently, and at the passing of Cane River drove off the enemy after severe fighting. At Alexandria, Lieutenant Colonel Parkhurst and three squadrons joined the regiment, after fighting their way up the Mississippi on the steamer "Superior." The three squadrons had lost two men killed and seventeen wounded. The regiment was in action at Marksville Plain and Yellow Bayou. On June 3, it reached Fort Banks, opposite New Orleans, after complet- ing a march of 1000 miles through enemy country. Two squadrons, G and H, joined the regi- ment, June 10, and, in August, Colonel Sayles arrived with the twelfth squadron, completing the regiment. Earlier, July 23, for want of horses, the regiment had been dismounted and assigned to infantry service in the defence of New Orleans. In September, the regiment was remounted, and assigned to patrol and scout duty, continuing until mustered out at New Orleans, November 29, 1865.
Seventh Squadron, Rhode Island Cavalry-Enlisted for three months' service, 1862, including two companies : A, recruited in Providence, and B, composed of students of Dart- mouth College and Norwich University; mustered in June 24 and left state June 28. The squadron was engaged in scouting duty in the valley of the Shenandoah, and agreed to remain in service until Maryland was cleared of Confederates. With other cavalry, the Seventh Squadron refused to surrender at Harper's Ferry, making its escape through the Confederate lines. It joined McClellan's army and was available for service at Antietam, but was not engaged. The squadron returned to Rhode Island on September 26, 1862.
Third Regiment, Rhode Island Heavy Artillery-Organized as the Third Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers, left Rhode Island, September 7, 1861, and was reorganized as Heavy Artillery, twelve companies, under orders issued December 19. The regiment joined the expedition to Port Royal, South Carolina, with General Thomas W. Sherman and Com- modore Samuel F. Dupont. The forts at Port Royal were reduced by the fleet, and the expe- dition was landed. The Third Rhode Island was assigned to garrison duty temporarily, and later as batteries to various service in reducing a line of fortified Confederate defences stretching from Charleston, South Carolina, to Jacksonville, Florida. At the bombardment of Fort Pulaski, April 11 and 12, 1862, Companies B, F and H were engaged. Company H, Captain Horatio Rogers, Lieutenants Charles R. Brayton and William C. Barney, with two eighty-four-pound and two sixty-four-pound James rifled cannon, rendered effective service. The pointed projectiles from this battery pierced the walls of the fortress, and compelled sur- render. The Confederate commander, Colonel Olmstead, admitted his helplessness as the projectiles exposed the magazine. "Tell Captain Rogers the forty-two-pounders* did it," said General Gilmore, after the surrender as he saw projectiles from the James guns lying everywhere in the fortress. After garrison work, drilling, and occasional reconnoissances and skirmishes, Major Metcalf, with a battalion serving as infantry was engaged June 16 in an attempt to carry a system of earthworks near Secessionville; the battalion lost eight killed or mortally wounded, thirty wounded and eight missing. Most of the regiment was with- drawn to Hilton Head. A battalion served in an attack on Pocotaligo, on the railway between Charleston and Savannah, October 23. Yellow fever at Hilton Head claimed Colonel Brown and many men. Colonel Metcalf and six companies participated in a joint military and naval
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