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35 See chapter "Dawn".
36 Ibid.
37 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XIX, p. 3.
38 Ibid. p. 18.
39 Ibid. Vol. XXVII, p. 412. Among the list of Jewish Masons of the eighteenth century, mention is made of Daniel Phillips who was made a Mason in 1747.
40 History of Freemasonry: Henry W. Rugg, p. 44, 49.
41 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XIX, p. 19.
42 Ibid. Vol. XXVII, p. 416.
363
THE STORY OF THE JEWS OF NEWPORT
43 The Touro Family in Newport: Morris A. Gutstein.
44 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XIX, p. 5.
45 Ibid. p. 7.
46 Ibid.
47 Ibid. p. 21.
48 Rhode Island Historical Magazine, Vol. IV, p. 58 ff.
IX
UPROAR, DISPERSION AND DECLINE
1 See chapter "Dawn".
2 R. I. Three Centuries of Democracy: Caroll, Vol. I, p. 264.
3 R. I. Hist. Mag., Vol. VI, p. 46.
4 Ibid. p. 265.
5 The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, Vol. I, p. 448.
6 See Index Volume P. A. J. H. S.
7 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 21.
8 See chapter "The Synagogue".
9 The History of the Jews in Philadelphia: Henry S. Morais, p. 22.
10 Haym Solomon advanced to Congress for the Revolutionary War the sum of $658,007.13; Sheftal and Noah advanced $100,000; Isaac Moses advanced $15,000. See the Jews in the Making of America: George Cohen.
11 The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, Vol. I, p. 590. Stiles speaks of "Twelve United Colonies" on p. 585.
12 Ibid. p. 591.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 References in Ezra Stiles and the Jews of Kohut.
16 History of Rhode Island and Providence Plantation : S. G. Arnold.
17 Quoted in R. I. Three Centuries of Democracy : Caroll, Vol. I, p. 271.
364
NOTES
18 Ibid. p. 272.
19 Newport Mercury, July 22, 1776.
20 The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, Vol. II, p. 29.
21 Ibid.
22 Ibid. p. 131.
2
00 R. I. Hist. Mag., Vol. 43.
24 The American Jew as Patriot and Soldier : Simon Wolf, p. 49. The Jews in Philadelphia: Henry S. Morais, p. 241 and 458.
25 In Wolf his name is given as Aaron; in Ezra Stiles and the Jews by Kohut, p. 34, his name is also given as Aaron. The Will in the Probate Court gives the name as Abraham.
26 Record of the Probate Court, Vol. II, p. 304.
27 Spelled also Roffey by Arnold as well as Rophe by others.
28 The Spirit of "76 in Rhode Island, p. 194.
29 The Jew as a Patriot, etc .: Wolf, p. 45.
In the old Jewish Cemetery in Newport there is a tombstone to the memory of Meyer Benjamin. Lee M. Friedman in his book "Early American Jews", where he gives all the names of the Jewish residents in Massachusetts before the Revolution, does not mention this Samuel Benjamin.
30 Colonial Records of R. I., Vol. VII, p. 46.
31 Ibid. p. 608.
32 Mss. in Newport Historical Society Vaults, quoted in Newport Historical Society Bulletin No. 3, p. 15 ff.
33 Rivington Gazette, December 2, 1780 quoted in "Ezra Stiles and the Jews", p. 35; Cf. P. A. J. H. S., Vol. V, p. 8.
Colonial Records, Vol. IX, p. 139.
34 The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, Vol. II, p. 24.
35 Historical Sketches of the Town of Leicester, Mass., etc. By Emory Washburn, p. 121.
36 Ibid.
37 Ibid.
38 Ibid.
39 Letter of Moses Michael Hays written from South Kingston in 1779 (Newport Historical Society Vaults). Commerce of Rhode Island, Vol. II, p. 58.
40 Amongst the members of the Congregation Mikveh Israel in
365
THE STORY OF THE JEWS OF NEWPORT
Philadelphia, are many names of Newport Jews, such as Lucena, Marks, Moses, Judah, Myers, Pollock, Hart, Cordoza and others.
41 Isaac Jacob Pollock interred in the old Cemetery is described as of Surinam, though he lived in Newport before the Revolution.
42 Commerce of R. I., Vol. II, p. 51, 52.
43 Ibid. p. 52.
44 Records of the Probate Court of Newport, Vol. I, p. 20, 23.
45 Tebet 14th, corresponds to January 1784 and not December 8, 1783.
46 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. IV, p. 212 ff.
47 Commerce of Rhode Island, Vol. II, p. 57. Original letter in vaults of Newport Historical Society.
CHAPTER X EVACUATION AND REVIVAL
1 Rhode Island, Three Centuries of Democracy: Caroll, Vol. I, p. 338.
2 Ibid. Cf. Colonial Records of the period.
3 Jewish Encyclopedia, article on Newport.
4 The Jews of Philadelphia: Henry S. Morais The Jew as Patriot, etc. : Wolf.
5 Newport Historical Society Bulletin No. 6, p. 9.
6 The Lopez Letters in Manuscript, found in the vaults of the Newport Historical Society, reproduced in "Commerce of Rhode Island", Vol. II, p. 109 ff.
7 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XIX, p. 20.
8 Ibid. p. 21.
9 Letters of Aaron Lopez in ms. found in vaults of the Newport Historical Society.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid.
12 The Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, Vol. II, p. 24 ff.
13 Ibid. p. 25.
366
NOTES
14 Newport Mercury, June 1st, 1782.
15 Ibid.
16 The History of Leicester, Mass. : Washburn, p. 123.
17 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 185.
18 Ibid.
19 First Census of the United States, taken in the year 1790.
20 Original Shipping book in Newport Historical Society vaults.
21 Rhode Island Historical Magazine, Vol. II, p. 24.
22 Reminiscences of Newport : Mason.
23 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 461-63.
24 Ibid. Vol. I, p. 17.
25 Newport Herald, Feb. 26, 1789.
26 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. II, p. 108-9.
27 Ibid. Vol. XXVII, p. 217-18.
28 Ibid. p. 218
29 Ibid. p. 219 ff.
30 Ibid. Vol. II, p. 87 ff.
31 Newport Historical Society Bulletin No. 84, p. 13.
32 Ibid. p. 13.
33 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. II, p. 87 ff.
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
CHAPTER XI
THE CLOSE OF A COLORFUL CHAPTER
1 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 189.
2 Ibid. p. 211.
3 Ibid. p. 189.
4 Ibid. p. 187-8.
5 Ibid. p. 185. 6 Ibid. p. 189.
367
THE STORY OF THE JEWS OF NEWPORT
Records of the Probate Court of Newport, R. I., Book II, p. 230 ff.
8 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 74 ff.
9 Early Recollections of Newport: George G. Channing.
10 Records of the Probate Court, Book II, p. 230 ff.
11 Ibid. p. 98-100.
12 The Settlement of the Jews in North America: Charles P. Daly, p. 89, Cf. P. A. J. H. S., XIX, p. 40.
13 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XIX, p. 24.
14 Ibid.
15 Preface "An Oration on Independence Day, etc". Abraham Redwood Ellery, published in Warren, R. I., 1796.
16 Superior Court Records, Book G, p. 96-98.
17 Ibid. p. 118.
18 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. IV, p. 203.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid. Vol. XXVII, p. 451.
21 Narragansett Historical Society Publications. Cf. P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XIX, article "The Jews in the Early Colleges".
22 The American Jew as Patriot, etc. : Simon Wolf. Cf. article on "The Jews in the War of 1812" in P. A. J. H. S.
23 Ibid.
24 The Jews of Philadelphia: Henry S. Morais, p. 459. Cf. P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XIX, p. 19.
25 The Myers of Pennsylvania and New York, Benjamin in Connecticut, Seixas in Georgia and others, had family connections with Jews of Newport.
26 The Hebrews in America: Isaac Markens, p. 127 ff.
27 Judah Touro: Alexander Walker, in "Life of American Merchants".
28 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 424.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.
31 The Crosby Street Synagogue of the Congregation Shearith Israel of New York City : D. de Sola Pool, p. 48 ff.
36S
NOTES
CHAPTER XII
NOBLE MEMORIES
1 Will in "Early American Jews" by Lee M. Friedman, p. 203.
2 Independent Chronicle, Boston, Dec. 28th, 1791.
3 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 156, 252, 418.
4 Ibid. p. 156.
6 On the life of the Touros in general see the Touro Family in Newport, by the writer, published by the Newport Historical Society; and Judah Touro in P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XIII.
6 Early American Jews: Lee M. Friedman, p. 21.
7 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 425.
8 Ibid. p. 426.
9 Records of the Town Council of the City of Newport.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 437.
16 Ibid.
17 The Jewish Cemetery at Newport: Longfellow.
18 Life of American Merchants, Vol. II, Judah Touro by Alexander Walker, p. 444.
19 History of Rhode Island, etc. : Peterson, p. 79.
20 Newport Mercury, July 9th.
21 Ibid. B. B. H. Notes, January 2, 1915.
Cf. History of R. I., etc. : Peterson.
22 Will of Judah Touro in P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XIII, 355.
23 City Document No. 3, 1854.
24 City Document No. 7, 1855.
25 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 458 ff.
26 Records of the City Council, Vol. I, under date July 8, 1856. The records show that a committee was appointed to act on the application; but there is no report that this committee ever acted.
.27 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 191.
369
THE STORY OF THE JEWS OF NEWPORT
28 See Exodus XXXI:18.
29 See Exodus XXI:14.
30 Italian and German names for Jewish Quarters. The term Ghetto in particular was applied to the section, which was reserved for the Jews, and which was subject to many restrictions during the late Medieval ages, in all European countries where Jews dwelt.
31 Marah ยท bitter. See Exodus, XV:23.
32 A denunciation. See 1 Corinthians XVI:22.
33 In the original the Tetragrammaton (the four lettered meflable name of God J. H. V. H.) is here written out in English.
CHAPTER XIII
RECONSECRATION
1 City Documents of Newport No. 20, 1858-9.
2 City Documents No. 7, 1866-7.
3 City Documents No. 8, 1874-5.
4 City Documents No. 4, 1876-7.
5 Minutes of the Board of Trustees of the Congregation Shearith Israel of New York City. (ms), Vol. VII, p. 200, 202.
6 Ibid. p. 203.
The Jews of Philadelphia: Henry S. Morais.
8 Minutes of the Cong. Shearith Israel, Vol. VII, p. 204.
9 Ibid. p. 241.
10 Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. VIII, p. 486.
11 Newport Daily News, May 26th, 1883.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. VIII, p. 486.
15 Minutes of the Board of Trustees of the Cong. Shearith Israel, Vol. VII, p. 324.
16 Original Letter in the Archives of the Congregation Shearith Israel in New York.
370
NOTES
CHAPTER XIV
ADJUSTMENT
1 The Mill Street Synagogue of the Cong. Shearith Israel: D. de Sola Pool, p. 49.
2 Minutes of the Board of Trustees of the Cong. Shearith Israel, Vol. VII, p. 46.
3 See spelling on Memorial Stone dedicated to the Rev. Isaac Touro, in the old Jewish Cemetery in Newport. Compare also spelling of the name as it occurs in contemporary correspondence.
4 Original application in the Archives of the State Legislature of R. I. in Providence, R. I.
5 Book of Land Evidence of the City of Newport, Vol. 67, p. 274 ff., 277 ff., 296 ff.
6 Newport Daily News, March 31st, 1899.
7 Ibid. July 11th, 1899.
3 City Document No. 26, 1899-1900.
9 Ibid.
10 Jewish Encyclopedia, Vol. VIII, p. 679.
11 Newport Daily News, April 25th, 1902.
2 City Records, 1905-6.
13 Minutes of the Board of Trustees of the Cong. Shearith Israel of New York City, Vol. VIII, p. 277.
14 Constitution and By-Laws of the Ladies' Auxiliary of the Congregation Jeshuat Israel of Newport, R. I.
CHAPTER XV
IMMORTALITY
1 The historical address delivered by the Hon. Max Levy on this occasion has been published by the Newport Daily News and Newport Herald, on September 8th, 1908.
The oration delivered by Leon Huhner has been published as a pamphlet, under the title "The Jews of Newport".
371
THE STORY OF THE JEWS OF NEWPORT
2 A few errors in dates, occur on this tablet.
a. The Reverend Isaac Touro remained in Newport during the Revolution and British invasion of the city. During this time he still officiated in the synagogue. He left Newport about 1780.
b. As to the date of the death of the Reverend Touro, although the monument in the old cemetery from which it is copied has December 8th, 1783, still it should be January 8th, 1784. The last date corresponds with the Hebrew Tebet 14th, 5544.
c. Rabbi Abraham Pereira Mendes was the Rabbi of the Synagogue from 1883 to 1893, and not from 1881. The invitation to Rabbi Mendes to come to Newport was sent to London late in 1882. He arrived here in Newport in 1883. On May 25th, 1883, he reconsecrated the Synagogue.
APPENDICES
C
1 P. A. J. H. S., Vol. XXVII, p. 191 to 210.
2 Ibid. p. 206.
I
1 Through some misfortune the record books of the Congregation Jeshuat Israel, up to the year 1919, have been lost. Because of this it is difficult to ascertain the exact dates of some of the officers prior to that date.
K
1 Title XIV, p. 525 ff. Cf. General Laws, 1909, ch. 98.
2 Public Laws, 1921, Ch. 2078.
3 Cf. General Laws, 1909, ch. 99.
4 P. 510. These amendments were brought about through the efforts of Mr. Nathan David, who was the president of the Cong- regation Jeshuat Israel at the time.
372
NOTES
5 P. 300.
A voluntary committee consisting of Herman Mines as Chairman, Fischel David, Hon. Max Levy, and A. L. Greenberg, Esq. and with the co-operation of Mayor Mortimer A. Sullivan of Newport, and Governor Norman S. Case, Attorney-General Charles P. Sisson, State Treasurer George Clarke, obtained the enactment of Chapter 1410 of the Public Laws of 1929, of Section 2 and Section 4, in reference to "Of the Abraham Touro Fund".
This law made it imperative that:
First : All income of said fund be applied to the Jewish Synagogue and on the walls enclosing the Jewish burying ground, and then if any balance, the same shall be applied towards the maintenance of the synagogue premises known as the Community Building.
Second : It made it imperative that the total expenditures author- ized shall not exceed in any one year the annual income of the Abraham Touro Fund.
Third: That no expenditures shall be made until first approved by the Board of Officers of the Congregation Jeshuat Israel and by the trustees selected by said Congregation.
Fourth: As further set forth in said Act.
(The above information was submitted to the writer by A. L. Greenberg, Esq.)
373
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
Ab - Fifth month of the Jewish Calendar.
Ab Fast of - See Tisha B'av.
Adar - Twelfth Jewish month.
Adjunta - Council, Governing body of Synagogue.
Adjuntos - Members of Adjunta.
Ashkenazim - Jews residing elsewhere than in Spain and Portugal, more especially the Jews of Germany, Eastern and Central Europe and their descendants.
Ashkenazic - Applying to Ashkenazim.
Avodah - Literally, "Temple Service".
Banca - Bench, the seat in which the President of the Con- gregation sits. In the Synagogue in Newport it is the elevated seat adjacent to the northern wall.
Beth Chayim - Literally House of the Living, the traditional Jewish designation of a Burial Ground.
Beth Elohim - House of God.
B'rith Milah - Covenant of Circumcision performed at the age of eight days.
Bodek - Examiner of the ritually slaughtered cattle to see whether it is fit for use according to Jewish law.
Casher - See Kosher.
Chanukah - The Feast of Lights (around the end of December. ) Chacham - Ordained Rabbi, the Sephardic title of the Rabbi.
Chazan - Cantor or Reader of the Prayers at the Synagogue.
Dayan - Rabbi who acts as judge in religious and civil matters according to Jewish law.
Elul - Sixth month of the Jewish Calendar (around August and September. )
Gabay - Trustee.
Gmilas Chasodim - Active Charity, Beneficence or Kindness.
377
THE STORY OF THE JEWS OF NEWPORT
Hagadah - Order of Service used for the Seder (See Seder).
Haphtarah - Prophetic Reading after Pentateuch reading.
Hashkabah - Memorial Prayer.
Hechal - Ark in the Synagogue where the scrolls of the Law are kept.
Heshvan - Eighth month of the Jewish Calendar. (around October - November.)
Iyar - Second month of the Jewish Calendar (around May.)
Jehidim also Ychidim - Members of the Congregation.
Jeshuat Israel (spelled in early days Yesuat or Yeshuat) - Salvation of Israel.
K. K. - Abbreviation of Kahal Kadosh.
Kaal - Congregation, also Kehilah.
Kahal Kadosh - Holy Congregation.
Kashruth - In accordance with Jewish dietary laws.
Kiddush - Literally, sanctification, Prayer offered on Friday evenings and Festival eves over a cup of wine after the evening services at the Synagogue and at the home before the meal.
Kippur or Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement, i.e. 10th of Tishri. Kislev also written Kislef and Kislieu - Ninth month of the Jewish Calendar (around October and December.)
Kosher - "Suitable" , "fit", Food fit to be eaten according to the Jewish ritual.
Maftir - Last part of the Pentateuch reading.
Mahamad - Standing Committee or Body of Trustees.
Matzo - Unleavened bread, eaten on Passover.
Megillah - "Scroll", refering more especially to the Book of Esther in a scroll form used on Purim, the Feast of Lots. Mikvah - Ritual Bath.
Mikveh Israel - Hope of Israel.
Minhag Sephardim - The custom of the Spanish-Portuguese Jews in the Synagogue ritual.
Minyan - Quorum of ten men above thirteen years of age neces- sary to hold a public service at the Synagogue.
Mitzvah (plural Mitzvoth) - Commandment, good deed, religious duty, an honorary function in the religious service performed
378
GLOSSARY
by a member of the Congregation.
Mohel - One who performs the rite of circumcision.
Nedabah - A free will gift, also an alm or donation.
Ner Tamid (also Tamid) - See Tamid.
Nevay Shalom - Dwelling of Peace.
Nissan - First month of the Jewish Calendar (around April.) Parnas - President of the Congregation (plural Parnasim.)
Parashah (also written Parasang or Parasah) - Portion of the Pentateuch read at the Synagogue.
Passach (Passover) - The Festival celebrating the Exodus from Egypt.
Rabbi - Literally, My Master, title of the Spiritual Leader of the congregation ; ordained person to decide on Jewish ritual law.
Rimonim - Ornaments placed on the top of the Scrolls in the Ark and carried in procession during services at the Syna- gogue, whenever the Scroll is read.
Rosh Hodesh - The new moon, beginning of the Jewish month. Rosasanah - See Rosh Hashana.
Rosh Hashanah - The Jewish New Year, on the first and second of Tishri, around September.
Seder - Home Service on the first two eves of Passover.
Sefarim - Plural of Sefer. (Referring to Scrolls of the Law).
Shamash - Sexton or Caretaker of the Synagogue.
Shearith Israel - Remnant of Israel.
Shechitah - The slaughter of animals according to Jewish law.
Sepher Torah - Scroll of the Pentateuch.
Shangar Hashamayim - See Shaar Hashamayim (also occurs as Sahar Asamaim.)
Shaar Hashamayim - Gate of Heaven.
Shebat - Eleventh month of the Jewish calendar (around February and March.)
Schochet - One who slaughters cattle or fowl according to the ritual requirements of the Jewish law.
Shofar - Rams horn used in the Synagogue service during the month of Elul, Rosh Hashanah and after the concluding service on the Day of Atonement.
379
THE STORY OF THE JEWS OF NEWPORT
Shavuoth - Pentecost, the Festival of Weeks, seven weeks after the second day of Passover.
Sedaka (Tzedakah) - Charity.
Sepharad - Spain.
Sephardic - Applying to the Jews of Spain and Portugal and their descendants.
Shekinah - Divine presence.
Sivan - Third month of the Jewish Calendar (around May-June.) Talith - Prayer shawl used by men, principally after the age of thirteen, during services at the Synagogue or private morning prayer.
Talmud - (Traditional "Oral Law".) Rabbinical collection of Jewish law, consists of Mishnah and Gemara. There are two versions of the Gemara, one compiled in Palestine and called Talmud Yerushalmi, and one compiled in Babylonia called the Babylonian Talmud or Talmud Babli. The basic text for both is the Mishnah.
Talmud Torah - Jewish Religious School.
Tamid - Perpetual Lamp burning in front of the Ark in the Synagogue.
Tamuz - Fourth month of the Jewish Calendar (around July.)
Tebah - The Reading Desk in the Synagogue, situated as a rule in the center of the Synagogue.
Tebeth - Tenth month of the Jewish Calendar (around December and January )
Tish'a B'Ab or (B'av) - Ninth day of the Jewish month Av. Fast Day commemorating the destruction of the first and second Temple.
Tisri (also pronounced and spelled Tishri) - Seventh month of Jewish Calendar (around September - October.)
Torah - In the Hebrew division of the Holy Scriptures, the first part, i.e. the Pentateuch, is refered to as Torah. The word Torah however has a much wider connotation and application. With reference to it see "Judaism" by George Foot Moore.
Ve-adar - Thirteenth month of the Jewish Calendar in the case of a Jewish Leap Year. (around March.)
Yom Kippur (also Kippur) - Day of Atonement.
380
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
(For additional titles, texts, sources and authors see Notes) .
Aaron Lopez; Merchant of Newport: Bruce M. Bigelow in the New England Quarterly Vol. IV No. 4 October 1931. Also in a reprint.
American Jew as Patriot, Soldier and Citizen, The: Simon Wolf, New York 1895
American Jewish Year Book 1900-1.
A Discourse Embracing the Civil and Religious History of Rhode Island: Arthur A. Ross, Providence, 1838.
Census of the Inhabitants of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 1774: Arranged by John R. Bartlett, Providence, 1858.
City Documents of Newport, R. I., published by the City.
City Documents of Newport, Rhode Island, in manuscript in the Office of the Clerk of the City of Newport in City Hall.
Colonial records of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: Edited by John Russell Bartlett, Providence, 1856.
Commerce of Rhode Island published by, and as part of, Massachusetts Historical Society, Seventh Series, 1914-15, 2 volumes.
Early American Jews: Lee M. Friedman, Cambridge, 1934.
Early Rhode Island : William B. Weeden, New York, 1910.
Early Recollections of Newport: George G. Channing, Newport, 1868.
Ezra Stiles and the Jews: George Alexander Kohut, New York, 1922.
Heads of Families at the First Census of the United States, Taken in the Year 1790 - Rhode Island (reprint). Washington, 1908.
383
THE STORY OF THE JEWS OF NEWPORT
Hebrews in America, The: Isaac Markens, New York, 1888. History of Leicester, Mass .: Emory Washburn, Boston, 1860.
History of Rhode Island and Newport: Edward Peterson, New York, 1853.
History of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: Thomas William Bicknell, New York, 1920.
History of the State of Rhode Island: Samuel Greene Arnold, Providence, R. I., 1894.
History of the Jews in America, The: Peter Wiernik, New York, 1912.
Jews come to America, The : Paul Masserman and Max Baker, New York, 1932.
Jews in the Making of America, The : George Cohen, Boston, 1924. Jewish Pioneers in America: Anita Libman Lebeson, New York, 1931.
Lopez Correspondence and Business Books in manuscript found in the Vaults of the Newport Historical Society.
Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles: Edited with notes by F. B. Dexter, New York, 1901.
Newport Historical Magazine and Rhode Island Historical Magazine: Published by the Newport Historical Publishing Co., Newport, R. I. First number appeared in 1880.
Newport Historical Society Bulletins: Published by the Society since January 1912.
Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society: Published by the Society since 1893. Until now there have appeared 34 volumes. In each volume there are articles by various authorities that are relevant to the subject of this book. In the text the reference is always given to the volume and page and not to the author.
Reminiscences of Newport: George C. Mason, Newport, 1884. Rhode Island, Three Centuries of Democracy: Charles Carroll, New York, 1932.
Roger Williams: Oscar Strauss, New York, 1899.
Settlement of the Jews in North America, The: Charles P. Daly.
Edited with notes by Max J. Kohler, New York, 1893.
384
INDEX
INDEX
Abelson, Rabbi Alter, 325. Aboab de Fonseca, Rabbi Isaac, 24. Abraham, 48. Abrahams, Abraham I., 132.
Abrahams, Israel, 53.
Adath Jeshurun, Congregation, 276. Adelson, Elix, 327.
Adelson, Max, 326 ff.
Adelson, Samuel, 327. Adelson, Dr. Samuel, 327. Adler, Cyrus, 284. Aguilar, Rabbi Moses Raphael, 24.
Allen, Ebenezer, 85 ff.
Allen, Sussana, 86. Almy, Holder, 218.
Alvarez, Family, 77, 114.
Ann, Mary, 278. Aquidneck Island, 21.
Aquilar, Emanuel, 198. Arnold, Governor Benedict, 38, 50. Aronson, Jacob, 327. Auchumty, Judge, 129.
Bailey, Rev. Sol, 325. Baker, Darius, 284. Ball, Nathan, 326 ff. Baruch, Rev. David, 271, 272, 274, 325. Barney, Jacob, 85. Bendau, David, 251. Bengis, Rabbi Abraham, 325. Benjamin, Abraham, 46. Benjamin, Family, 77, 115, 183. Benjamin, Isaac, 46. Benjamin, Israel, 77.
Benjamin, Judah, 77, 278. Benjamin, Samuel, 183. Bergman, Isaac, 272. Berkeley, Dean, 49.
Bernstein, Rev. Jacob, 326.
Bloch, Rev. Julius, 325. Blog, Abm. Solomon, 156. Bosquilla, Rabbi, 154. Boyle, Patrick J., 284.
Brodsky, Rev. David, 325.
Brown, David, 39.
Brown, Saul, 39, 41 ff.
Bunker Hill Monument, 249.
Bush, Mathias, 177.
Burgos, Abraham, 30, 39, 41, 43.
Calveres, Rabbi, 198.
Callender, John, 49.
Campanal, Abraham, 39, 43, 44, 161.
Campanal, Asher, 45.
Campanal, David, 39, 43, 44.
Campanal, Daniel, 39, 43.
Campanal, Family, 45.
Campanal, Mordecai, 30, 31, 37, 39, 41, 43. Campanal, Rachel, 45.
Campanal, Valentine, 45.
Caplan, H. J., 275.
Cardoze, J. L., 275.
Carmick, Gertrude S., 323.
Carr, Caleb, 41, 44.
Carr, S., 218. Carregal, Rabbi Haym Isaac, 121, 125, 129, 149 ff.
Carregal, Rabbi Abraham, 152.
Casseres, Family, 46.
Channing, George, 132, 192.
Charles II, King of England, 36.
Clarke, John, 21, 22, 35, 50.
Clarke, Walter, 41.
Clarke, Wm. P., 284, 286. Coddington, William, 21, 29, 41, 86. Coggeshall, Major John, 41.
387
THE STORY OF THE JEWS OF NEWPORT
David, Nathan, 326, 327. Davidson, J., 326.
Dazevado, Isaac, 198.
Declaration of Independence, 181 ff. De Meza, 46.
De Pass, Joseph, 198.
De Sola, Rabbi D. A., 262, 265. Dias, Isaac, 55. Dickens, Nathaniel, 37 ff.
Dutch West India Co., 26.
Dyre, Major Williams, 40 ff.
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