USA > South Carolina > Williamsburg County > History of Williamsburg; something about the people of Williamsburg County, South Carolina, from the first settlement by Europeans about 1705 until 1923. > Part 27
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MAJ. C. S. LAND, C. S. A.
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WILLIAMSBURG, C. S. A., 1861
Madison Matthews, 25; James A. Matthews, 20; Dunnin Matthews, 17; Gordon Matthews, 36; Jef- ferson Matthews, 16; Ralston Matthews, 18; James S. Matthews, 17; D. K. Mouzon, 30; Jacob Miles, 30; Robert Miles, 17; Leonard Miles, 17; W. J. Miles, 40; J. W. Miles, 17; Joseph Miles, 16; Thomas Miles, 32; Benjamin Miles, 27; Wright Miles, 32; John J. McGee, 25; Gadsden G. McGee, 27; Daniel S. Mc- Kenzie, 16; William H. McKnight, 19; John H. Mc- Knight, 17; Thomas M. McKnight, 22; James M. Mc- Callister, 40; James E. McCallister; James C. Nettles, 22; William W. Odom 37; William H. Parker, 16; James R. Parker, 30; Jesse Parker, 18; Evander Pickett; John M. Powell; E. H. Sauls, 19; Evander G. Sauls, 15; John A. Smith, 25; Francis H. Smith, 28; Elias Speights, 25; Samuel A. Scott, 35; Henry B. Thomas, 34; William G. Williamson, 17; Henry J. Williamson, 17; John Yar- borough, 36; William Young, 25.
Captain Land was promoted Major on December 9, 1864, by President Jefferson Davis "for distinguished valor and skill." Major Land commanded the picket line of Wallace's Brigade and on January 13, 1865, received high praise from the inspector general. In a letter to General Bushrod Johnson, referring to this report, Gen- eral Robert E. Lee wrote on January 18, 1863: "I note with pleasure the commendation bestowed upon Major Land, 26th South Carolina Regiment, permanent com- mander of the picket line of the Brigade, who appears to be an efficient and capable officer."
There were a great many men from Williamsburg District who served in the Confederate Army in organi- zations recruited principally from other districts, and their names may not have appeared so far in the rolls of Williamsburg's Confederate Soldiers.
In 1861, Dr. Robert Gourdin organized a company from the Lenud's Ferry section. This company went to White's
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Bridge in Georgetown and there volunteered for service in the Confederate Army. Dr. Gourdin was found physi- cally unfit for military service-too old-and his com- pany immediately broke up, the men uniting with other organizations. Many of those men joined Company A, of the Tenth Regiment, Captain Plowden C. J. Weston commanding. Among these were: N. B. Clarkson, James Sloan, E. Blakely, S. G. McClary, J. L. Blakely, W. J. Clarkson, Dr. I. W. Graham, W. G. Gamble, J. P. Gamble, J. E. Holmes, J. S. June, F. L. McCants, D. F. Michau, J. J. Morris, W. C. Ogburn, L. K. Pipkin, J. N. Row, J. C. Small, I. D. Singletary, W. H. West, John Wilson, and F. W. Wilson.
In the Fourth Cavalry : Ebenezer Row, John W. Mar- shall, 18; S. P. Morris, 36; James W. Rodgers, 49; David Harlee, 37; Riley Baxley, 48; William Baxley, 38; Jacob Benson, 30; James W. Newton, 40; James Epps, 18; L. D. Robinson, 42; N. P. Smith, 42; James Smith, 40; Ely Smith, 39; J. G. Smith, 37; R. Smith, 36; W. B. Smith, 45; Everett Smith, 50; Wesley Smith, 39; John Smith, 60; S. Smith, 37; A. E. Stephenson, 50; William Stone, 52; Evander Stocks, 48; John Lequeu, Robert Glass, Noah Michau, Fletcher Michau, V. E. Lifarge, William Henderson, and S. B. W. Courtney.
There were three cadets from Williamsburg at the Citadel in 1861. They volunteered as a part of Company F, Sixth Cavalry : Anthony W. Dozier, first lieutenant; Edward C. Dozier, corporal; and S. H. Owens, private. In the Seventh Cavalry from Williamsburg were: S. B. Green, D. Z. Martin, W. R. Godwin, John Ferdon, W. F. Thompson, J. W. Britton, W. H. Britton, W. T. Thomp- son, H. L. Crawford, Lieutenant W. D. Fitch, John Green, Richard Green, Thompson Green, J. D. Gordon, S. B. Gor- don, Ely Rodgers, J. F. Rodgers, L. P. Mccullough, J. F. Brockinton, James Hanna, and Sam Hanna.
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These were in the Palmetto Battalion of Light Artil- lery : James A. Coward and Rix A. Coward; these in Gregg's Battery, Jacob Atkinson, and John J. Altman. These served in Inglis' Light Artillery: Lieutenant Texas B. Logan, James M. Nelson, E. S. Jones, G. Purvis Nelson, George O. Wheeler, John Shaw Tisdale, James J. Martin, Francis M. Britton, William B. Epps, James N. Fluitt, Richard M. Fulmore, Arthur Hammett, Frank M. Jones, James M. Kirton, S. W. Kirton, Samuel G. McClary, W. S. Camlin, T. J. Strong, William J. Thorn- hill, James E. Timmons, J. Y. Tisdale, Robert S. Tisdale, and Samuel Tisdale, and James Sloan; these in Gaillard's Light Artillery : Lieutenant W. R. Cooper, F. W. McCot- try, J. H. Porter, J. H. Saunders, John W. Witherspoon, D. Barr, John Cooper, Robert Cooper, W. A. Cooper, William D. Fulton, and J. H. Kinder.
Captain Alexander Colclough's Company, D, of Colonel Blanding's Regiment, had a number of men of Williams- burg : Lieutenant W. Elliott Keels, R. J. Bradham, W. I. Connell, T. J. Etheridge, J. J. Ellis, J. J. Gamble, A. M. Gamble, W. J. Mouzon, J. S. Mitchum, T. G. Mitchum, H. J. Ragin, W. J. Ward, E. S. Arms, Robert Chandler, J. F. Chandler, A. W. Flagler, R. M. Footman, J. G. Green, T. M. Keels, G. T. Rollins, B. F. Scott, Lieutenant J. E. Scott, Lieutenant E. B. Scott, J. P. Thames, A. J. McCrea, D. M. Tisdale, J. M. Mccullough, T. S. Chandler, W. S. Grayson, J. M. Grayson, Daniel Keels, N. Mckenzie, W. M. McKnight, G. W. Morris, S. W. Mims.
Captain W. S. Brand was from Clarendon District, but about half of his Company, K, Sixth Regiment, were men of Williamsburg: Among these were: Lieutenant R. A. Flagler, Lieutenant E. B. Scott, Lieutenant Z. R. Fullmore, W. J. Ferrell, E. M. Graham, B. F. Scott, W. D. McFadden, J. P. Epps, W. W. Cunningham, J. H. Fullmore, S. W. Cockfield, T. S. Chandler, J. F. Chandler, B. S. Croft, A. W. Flagler, S. M. Flagler, R. M. Footman,
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G. J. Graham, A. M. Gamble, G. S. B. Huggins, T. M. Keels, G. G. McElveen, J. A. McCrea, J. S. Mccullough, W. Mccullough, J. C. Mccutchen, T. G. Mitchum, W. J. Matthews, J. Parker, S. J. Taylor, A. W. Williams.
In Captain D. W. Harrington's, these: William W. Cunningham, J. M. Gardner, John A. Graham, William W. Hair, M. E. Hodge, LeGrand N. Joy, Francis E. Joy, J. Harvey Wilson, L. P. Mccullough, J. S. Mccullough, J. A. McCrea, and N. W. Baggett.
These officers and men from Williamsburg: Captain William J. Taylor, Tenth Infantry; William J. Matthews, First Infantry ; R. D. Rollins, Seventh Infantry ; Frank Cox, Eight Infantry; Captain Peter C. Dozier, Chaplin J. E. Dunlap, of the Twenty-First Regimental Staff; Surgeon T. S. Hemingway, Staff, Seventh Cavalry; Thomas Burrows, Ben Ard, and E. H. Ard, Twenty-First Infantry ; Jesse B. Ellis, Allen Miles, and John C. Scurry, Twenty-First Infantry ; Nabor D. Lesesne, Charles Jones, George Weir, Samuel A. Jones, Robert A. Flagler, in Hampton's Legion; R. M. Footman, J. R. Hair, J. M. Gardner, J. G. Green, William Winkles, L. D. Winkles, in the Palmetto Sharpshooters.
These men of Williamsburg served in organizations as follows: R. E. Rodgers, Seventh Battalion; Lieutenant A. M. Snider, Hampton's Legion; Edwin Harper, Troop H, Seventh North Carolina Cavalry ; John Todd, Company I, Fifty-First North Carolina Infantry; F. Thompson, Company F, Nineteenth Arkansas Infantry; R. W. Cow ard, Company E, Eighth Infantry; G. W. Ard and T. S. Ard, Company C, Second Arkansas Infantry; John A. Kelly, Company B, Second Infantry ; Lieutenant Thomas M. Gilland, Third Infantry; Lieutenant William Epps, Fourth Cavalry; J. P. Shaw, Company B, Fourth In- fantry ; D. B. Young, Company E, Reserves; E. J. Player, Company K, Twenty-Third Infantry; E. J. Joye, Com- pany K, Twenty-Third Infantry ; P. W. Morris, Company
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C, Ninth Infantry ; J. E. Baker, Company A, First Artil- lery ; G. W. Burgess, J. P. Burgess, R. W. Burgess, Com- pany F, Twenty-Sixth Regiment; J. A. Burgess and J. C. Burgess, Company C, Ninth Regiment; S. H. Burgess and D. I. Burgess, Company C, Twenty-Fifth Infantry ; J. W. Braxton, Company E, Seventh Infantry ; G. T. Rol- lins, Company A, Ninth Regiment; F. M. Player, Com- pany E, First Regiment; H. J. Lamb, Company E, Tenth Infantry; First Lieutenant J. G. K. Gourdin, Twenty- Second Carolina Infantry; Louis Jacobs, Hampton's Legion ; M. J. Hirsch, Commissary Sergeant, Tenth Regi- ment, South Carolina Infantry ; Daniel Conyers Nesmith, Fourth Georgia Infantry.
On December 31, 1861, there were more men from Wil- liamsburg in the military service than there were voters in the district.
After the thrills that came with Secession on Decem- ber 20, 1860, and the departure of the Wee Nee Volunteers under Captain John G. Pressley on January 4, 1861, there was comparative quiet in Williamsburg for about three months. The people seemed greatly relieved that South Carolina had withdrawn from the Union and be- lieved that things would come out "all right." Williams- burg had "much goods" laid up for many years. It felt free. President Buchanan and the cabinet in Washington could worry, but Williamsburg would wait. Williams- burg listened to sermons preached in the old church at Kingstree by Reverend E. O. Frierson; at Indiantown by Reverend J. R. Gilland; in the Methodist Church at Kingstree by Reverend J. M. Little; and in the Black River Churches by the Reverend J. C. Stoll. These "fathers in Israel" told Williamsburg that the Lord was with the South and would see that right triumphed. Sometimes, Mr. Gilland played the fiddle for his younger congregation to dance.
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The little "swamp rabbit" mail and passenger trains on the Northeastern Railway passed Kingstree morning and evening as theretofore. The coming of these trains were the events of the day. Everybody went to the sta- tion to meet them, hear local gossip, and get the "Mer- cury" or the "Courier." The Kingstree Star had sus- pended publication when the Wee Nee Volunteers left, for in that company was all its force, editor, printer, and devil. The Courier, January 8, 1861, said "Our esteemed contemporary, the Kingstree Star, is under temporary sus- pension-occultation by Mars-editor, foreman, and com- positors are all in arms and are now near this City."
The booming of the big guns at Fort Sumter April 12, 1861, somewhat disturbed Williamsburg. But that was a bloodless battle, and its results were comforting. All the fighting might be just like that at Fort Sumter. And those days were just right for holding patriotic celebrations. Orators had eager auditors for the asking and abundant subjects for expression. Williamsburg dearly loved, and yet loves, fiery orations.
The Fourth of July celebrations that year exceeded in grandeur anything of the kind that had ever been held in Williamsburg. The pomp and circumstance and cere- mony of war entered them. Stalwart men in uniform, mounted on spirited chargers, flashed shining sabers in the sunlight. Every woman had her hero. War looses so many feelings that one loves !
The celebration on the Santee on that Fourth of July was just like the others held at Kingstree and Black Mingo. There was a squadron of cavalry drilling and parading during the day, a dinner in the early evening, and a grand ball that night. Here were some of the toasts : 1. The Day Sacred to the Cause of Constitutional Liberty ; 2. The Father of His Country ; 3. The Confede- rate States of America, True to the Spirit of '76; 4. The President of the Confederate States of America,-a states-
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man and civilian wise in counsel and successful in arms; 5. The Army-free men who have gone to battle for their rights and the protection and sanctity of their homes; 6. The State of South Carolina, patriotic and brave, the first to throw off the yoke of a corrupt and fanatical government; 7. The Late United States-its government when administered in its integrity challenged our admira- tion and respect and had our most devoted loyalty and support : we mourn over its death by Northern fanaticism and misrule; 8. King Cotton-its Empire is the World; 9. The Institution of Slavery,-just, humane, wise, and Christian; one of Earth's greatest blessings to the be- nighted African and a cause of the prosperity and welfare of the South; 10. Woman-her sanctuary the home,-her mission, love, peace, and happiness. Many other toasts were given, all impressive of the fact that the people felt they were now really free and were celebrating the anniversary of the Fourth of July, 1776. At the grand ball that night, Williamsburg "had gathered there her beauty and her chivalry, and all went merry as a mar- riage bell."
The morning came and with it wild rumors of war. But these were nothing. Wild tongues had so often been loosed that no one seriously regarded them. Even the papers had begun to doubt their own startling stories printed day after day. The Richmond correspondent of the Courier, July 11, 1861, wrote: "There is an old Mokish law that when a man circulates a false report, his forehead shall be branded with a hot iron. With such retributive justice exercised just now, the counte- nance of every other individual in the community would be disfigured beyond redemption. Not that there is any intentional perversion of fact or a desire to mislead the public mind, but rather a diseased condition of the cere- bellum which magnifies uncertainties a thousand times beyond their proper proportions. We have proofs of this
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daily. Let the mere skeleton of a rumor arrive in town, no matter from what source, and incidentally men, women, and children put on the seven-leagued boots of imagination and a historical monstrosity is created in half an hour worthy of an Arabian story teller. Before the day has expired, it will have become as contagious as the measles. By night, the telegraph wires will be flashing the epidemic to every hamlet in the South."
Out of all these wild rumors and incident doubting there came to Williamsburg on the afternoon of July 22, 1861, the Mercury and the Courier from Charleston, with headlines like this : "Terrible Battle. Southerners Victorious. Great Slaughter on Both Sides. Enemy in Full Flight and Closely Pursued. Battle Commenced four o'clock on the Morning of July 21, and lasted until seven o'clock in the evening."
A great shout went up at the Kingstree Northeastern Railway station that evening. In a moment, after the tumult of triumph ceased, some one saw following "South- erners Victorious" the words "Great Slaughter." And Williamsburg was there! Some one said, "Don't you know that Nabor Lesesne, and Charlie Jones, and George Weir, and Bob Flagler, and others from here were in Hampton's Legion, and Hampton's Legion was in the thickest of the fight?"
Nabor Lesesne had married Marian Ervin in 1860. Both of them were kin to half of the people of Williams- burg. They had Huguenot and Scotch-Irish blood in their veins, the best of Williamsburg. All Williamsburg knew and loved them both.
Later, a message came "Nabor Lesesne is wounded." Then a letter from him to his Marion, telling her he was comfortable in the hospital at Culpepper, and that she must conserve all her strength for the coming of a little life dearer to each of them than their very own. A few days later, a telegram read, "Nabor Lesesne is dead."
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Wiliamsburg had made its first sacrifice on the altar of the Confederacy.
Heaven and Hell hovered about Nabor Lesesne as he died in that Culpepper hospital. He heard the shouts of victory that went up on the field at First Manassas and saw Marian singing saddened lullabies to their first born yet to be. The best and the worst of the world came to him in his dying moments. He passed unafraid.
All Williamsburg loved Marian Lesesne and the little Nabor Lesesne who came. Fifty years later this Nabor Lesesne was the most loved and respected man in Wil- liamsburg County. He himself merited, as well as in- herited, the veneration Williamsburg had for him.
After the battle of First Manassas, or Bull Run, Wil- liamsburg realized that war had begun, and nearly every possible man in the district volunteered for military service. Many companies were immediately formed and were joined to South Carolina Vollunteer regiments.
Morale makes the soldier. There may be a hundred elements making morale, but certain fundamentals are essential. A soldier must be reasonably well fed, clothed, and equipped for fighting. He must be sustained by an unfaltering faith that his family at home has a fairly comfortable existence. When the "Conscript Fathers" of Williamsburg joined in decreeing the War between the Sections and called on the younger men of the district to offer themselves for service along the battle line, the young men volunteered. Many of these volunteers left wives and young children without capacity to support themselves. The old men of Williamsburg promised and fulfilled their sacred trust in supporting and sustaining these dependents of volunteer soldiers.
August 5, 1861, at the very beginning of the war, in accordance with previous notice, a convention of the citizens of Williamsburg was held in the Court House. Samuel E. Graham was called to the chair and Captain
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J. C. Wilson was elected secretary. The chairman stated that the object of the meeting was for the discussion of ways and means and for the adoption of measures neces- sary for the proper support and maintenance of the families of such volunteers then in the service from this district as might need it.
Dr. James S. Brockinton offered the following preamble and resolution which was adopted by unanimous and heartfelt vote.
"Whereas: Many of our citizens have volunteered for service for the defense of our country, and, in a good many instances, have left families in indigent circum- stances; and, whereas, the war now being waged against us has for its object the subversion of our institutions and the destruction of our liberties, it becomes the impera- tive duty of those of us who are not bearing the heat and burden of the day to sustain those that are; and that it is not a charity but a positive duty, which we owe to these brave men, to see that the families of those who need peculiar aid do not suffer.
"Therefore, resolved that an assessment upon the taxes of citizens, except the volunteers, is a just and equal way of raising sufficient funds."
On motion of John B. Pressley, Esq., Colonel David Wilson and Messrs. L. E. Graham and W. L. Lee were appointed a committee to investigate and to report the amount necessary for the immediate needs of the families of volunteers then in service. This committee reported that there were then two hundred and twenty persons needing help and suggested that $3,300.00 be made im- mediately available for distribution among them. The committee recommended that an assessment of 20 per centum on the taxes of citizens of Williamsburg be col- lected for the purpose of raising this amount.
The following persons were appointed for looking after the needy and for disbursing the funds raised for them :
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for Black Mingo, J. A. Hemingway and John B. Pres- sley ; for Andersons, S. E. Graham, John Lequex, Sr., and J. S. Singleton; for Kingstree, David Epps, W. R. Brockinton, S. J. Montgomery, and Thomas China; for Indiantown, Thomas M. Mccutchen and W. C. Barr; for Lynch's Lake, N. M. Graham, W. J. Nettles, and J. L. Jones.
The following were appointed collectors of this volun- tary tax of 20 per centum for their respective commu- nities : Lynch's Lake, J. M. Coward, Benjamin Turner, and J. A. H. Cockfield; Black Mingo, John F. Nesmith, J. D. Daniel, and W. H. Johnson ; Andersons, T. D. Muller, George McDonald, and John Watson; Kingstree, H. A. Mccullough, W. H. McElveen, and H. Montgomery, Sr .; Indiantown, W. J. Brown, Thomas Mccutchen, and Dr. J. A. James.
S. E. Graham was made permanent chairman of the association and Captain J. C. Wilson, secretary. Dr. John F. Brockinton was unanimously chosen as treasurer. This organization functioned all during the Confederate War. There is nothing more beautiful in all Confede- rate war history than the service which this association rendered.
It is possible that the idea in this association might have orginated elsewhere than in Williamsburg, but it is certain that nowhere else was it more splendidly ma- teralized. This act of the citizenship of Williamsburg in voluntarily assessing, for the relief of the families of volunteer soldiers, the property of the District 20 per centum on its normal rate of taxation, seems a con- tribution to the progress of the world.
The women of Wiliamsburg were no less faithful in doing all they could for the families of volunteers about them than they were for sending relief to the soldiers in the field. There are no records of the thousands of things which those who were able contributed during this
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war for the sustenance of their less fortunate neighbors. There are some records, however, of the Soldiers' Aid Societies in the district.
On the 8th of August, 1861, the Cedar Swamp Soldiers' Aid Society was organized. The following is a list of the officers and members : President, Mrs A. M. Cunning- ham; vice-president, Mrs. M. G. McCrea; secretary, Miss Eugenia P. Scott; treasurer, Miss Mary J. Cunning- ham; members, Mrs. Mary Scott, Mrs Ellen McCottry, Mrs. Martha Chandler, Mrs. C. R. Flagler, Miss Rosa Flagler, Mrs Martha Mccullough, Mrs. M. Gardner, Miss Sarah Mccullough, Miss Addie Flagler, Miss Julia Scott, Mrs. Jane Sturgis, Mrs. Sarah A. McGill, Mrs. M. E. Chandler, Mrs. Sarah Brown, Miss Adeline Mitchum, Miss Elizabeth Mitchum, Mrs. Elizabeth Tisdale, Miss Mary Grayson, and Mrs. J. C. Williams. The committee to solicit aid was composed of the following: Mrs. Mary M. Scott, Mrs. Ellen McCottry, Mrs. Mary J. Mccullough, Mrs. C. R. Flagler, and Miss Rosa Flagler. This commit- tee reported at the meeting later in the same month $91.00 in cash and enough clothing to fill two large boxes.
At this meeting, the president of the society thanked the merchants of the district for liberal donations of cloth and other material for making supplies for the soldiers. She also urged the women of other districts to form other societies like this one at Cedar Swamp.
Immediately after the formation of the Cedar Swamp Society, the Lower Bridge Soldiers' Aid Society was or- ganized. The following were officers: Mrs J. A. Salters, president ; Mrs. H. D. Shaw, Mrs. John Watson, Mrs. J. A. Gordon, and Mrs. A. C. McKnight, vice-presidents; Mrs. J. B. McCollough, secretary ; and Mrs. M. A. Brad- ford, treasurer.
These societies were then organized in all sections of Williamsburg. The boxes ladies societies from Williams- burg sent to these soldiers in the field contained almost
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every conceivable thing useful. Among these, may be mentioned : shirts, socks, mitts, scarfs, sheets, pillows, pillow cases, spreads, towels, blankets, wines, liquors, syrup, preserves, pickels, arrowroot, gelatin, tea, sugar, buttons, needles, tape, spool cotton, flax thread, hanks of yarn, Bibles, Prayer Books, pamphlets, Port wine, Madei- ra wine, blackberry wine, brandy, cordial, whiskey, honey, catsup, cocoa, chocolate, isinglass, nutmegs, cloves, all- spice, pepper, sage, candles, soap, plates, tin pans, tin cups, spoons, knives, forks, tea pots, coffee pots, mugs, pitchers, and candle sticks.
In the old files of the Mercury and the Courier, pub- lished during the war in Charleston, may be found from time to time lists of contributions in money and in kind by individuals from Williamsburg. One of the items in these old lists runs as follows: "A coop of twenty-two chickens, eight from little Mary Brockinton and fourteen from the servants of Dr. John F. Brockinton."
Scotch loyalty to its very own came out in all its beauty when Williamsburg men went to war.
While Williamsburg had full storehouses on January 1, 1861, it was almost exclusively an agricultural and stock raising community, and some things that had been by custom imported soon became scarce. Salt, coffee, dye- stuffs, and the clothing that the "elect" wore could not be purchased for many months after Union gunboats blockaded Southern ports. The following quotations are taken from The Macon Telegraph of September 25, 1861:
"The only trouble is salt, and to think that salt should be scarce with the Atlantic brine tub on our borders is a reflection on the intelligence and enterprise of the Con- federate States. If a planter living beside a lake of cane juice should lament over the scarcity of sugar and syrup in his family, there would be but one response, 'you in- fernal fool, go get a kettle and boil down some of that
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cane juice.' Ditto, a people living beside a salt pond and too lazy to boil down or otherwise evaporate the water.
"To cheapen coffee, do not use the stuff. There is not one cook in five hundred who ever did anything else but abuse it. Some of the papers are recommending substi- tutes, parched beans, peas, rye, bread crusts, acorns, etc. Swamp mud with black water is just as effectual, but neither of them will make coffee any more than chalk will make cheese. If you must have a warm drink, take boil- ing water and put a little milk and sugar in it. Compared with what is called coffee, in nine cases out of ten, it is nectar of the gods to lager beer and does you no harm, while coffee fills your stomach with mud banks and shoals against which the bark of human life is often wrecked. The greatest humbug in the world as commonly under- stood and practiced is coffee. The practice should be suppressed by the Board of Health if there were no war to do it."
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