USA > South Carolina > Williamsburg County > History of Williamsburg; something about the people of Williamsburg County, South Carolina, from the first settlement by Europeans about 1705 until 1923. > Part 7
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William Heathly died in 1742. He mentions his wife, Mary ; his son, William; and his daughter, Elizabeth.
William Jamison died in 1756. He left a large estate which he gave to his sister, Agnes Still, widow of James Still, who lived in Ireland. Agnes Still came to Wil-
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liamsburg with James McDowell, who was married to her granddaughter, Agnes Davidson. Agnes Still died soon afterwards and left her property to James McDowell. When James McDowell died, his widow, Agnes, was made attorney for them by the following heirs, who then lived in Ireland; Archibald Drew, Margaret Drew, Adam Wilson, William McCormick, James McCormick, George Maxwell, Dorothy Maxwell, Robert Adams, and Sarah Adams.
Crafton Kerwin died in 1747, leaving a widow, Mary; and a son Thomas. His widow afterwards married the Reverend John Fordyce, minister of Prince Frederick's Church.
Sarah Mongtomery died in 1770. She mentions her two sons, William and Henry; and her two daughters, Janet, who married Dunn; and Mary, who married Armstrong; and her niece and her nephew, Margaret and John Barr.
William McCalla died in 1750. He mentions his daugh- ter, Jannet; his daughter, Margaret, wife of Alexander McCrea; his daughter, Sarah; and his daughter, Jean, wife of John James.
John McCormick died in 1752. He mentions his sister, Isabella McCormick; and his three other sisters, Mary Averton, Agnes Carson, and Jean Dick.
William McCormick died in 1750. He mentions his son, John McCormick; his daughter, Mary, who married John Dick ; and his daughter, Isabelle.
James McCown died in 1750. He left all of his prop- erty in the hands of William Young, Samuel Montgomery, and Gavin Witherspoon, to apply so much of same as was necessary for the "Christian education" of his children, and the remainder to be paid to his sons, David, Thomas, and James.
John McCrea died in 1765. He mentions his wife, Mar- tha; his sons, Thomas, William, John, and Joseph; and his daughter, Sarah.
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Joseph McCrea died in 1762. His wife was named Mary. He left two daughters, Mary, and Ann, who married John Matthews.
James McClelland died in 1761. His wife was named Mary. He had six children, James, John, Leonard, Bryce, Samuel, and Grizelle.
Abraham Michaux died in 1767. His wife was named Lydia. He had four sons, Peter, Daniel, Paul, and Wil- liam. Of his daughters, Lydia married Clegg; Julia mar- ried Perry ; and Hester married Cromwell.
Samuel Montgomery died in 1751. He left his wife, Jeleba, his plantation and all his slaves so long as she remained bis widow. He mentions his sons, Nathaniel and William.
Jonathan Murrill died in 1743. He left legacies to his children, Anthony, William, Elizabeth, Susannah, Sarah, Mary, and Martha.
John Matthews died in 1750. His wife was Ann McCrea. He left four sons, William, John, Isaac and Abraham ; and four daughters, Mary, Sarah, Elizabeth, and Jean.
Matthew Nelson died in 1742. He mentions his eldest son, George; his daughter, Mary, and his daughter, Eliza- beth; and his four grandsons, Matthew, son of the oldest son, George; Samuel, son of his son, John; William, son of his son, William; and William, son of his son, Samuel.
George Nelson died in 1742. His wife was named Eleanor. He had two sons, Matthew and Jared ; and three daughters, Mary, Jane, and Isabelle.
John Porter died in 1750. He had a son named James and a daughter named Mary and a brother-in-law named Joseph Bradley.
Dr. Thomas Potts died in 1760. His wife was named Sarah. He had a son named Thomas, and four daughters, Mary, Ann, Elizabeth, who married Swinton, and Mar- garet, who married Potts. He had a grandson named Thomas Johnson.
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Robert Paisley died in 1761. His wife was named Mary. He had four sons, John, Robert, James, and William; and two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth.
John Rae died in 1760. He was the first Minister of the Williamsburg Presbyterian Church. His wife was named Rachel. They left no children.
Samuel Scott died in 1774. He married Margaret Gregg. They had two daughters, Janet and Elizabeth. His widow married second William Gordon, third William Flagler. She was the Margaret Gregg Gordon of the Revolution.
Reverend Elisha Screven died in 1756. His wife was named Hannah. He had six sons, Joseph, Elisha, Joshua, Samuel, William, and Benjamin; and two daughters, Elizabeth, wife of James Fowler, and Hannah. This man was the founder of the city of Georgetown.
Nathaniel Snow died in 1760. He had three sons, George, James, and John; and two daughters, Mary and Ann.
James Scott died in 1750. He left all of his property to his two brothers, Alexander and John.
John Scott died in 1750. He left his property to his wife, and children, not named, and made his brother William Scott, Richard Richardson, and William Cantey, his executors.
Samuel Vareen gives all of his property to his grand- daughters, Martha and Elizabeth Crousby and Elizabeth Harbin. He makes his son-in-law, Francis Harbin, and his daughter, Ann Harbin, executor and executrix.
John White died in 1750. His wife was named Mary Ferguson. They left one son, Blakely White.
John Watson died in 1760. He left two hundred pounds to the Williamsburg Presbyterian Church and the remain- der of his estate to be equally divided among the duaghters of Thomas Scott, of Williamsburg, deceased.
James Witherspoon died in 1768. He married Eliza- beth McQuoid. They had four sons, James, Gavin, Robert,
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and John ; and one daughter, Ann, who married Archibald McKee. In his will, he mentions his granddaughter, Elizabeth McKee.
Elizabeth Mouzon died in 1748. She mentions her five sons, Louis, James, Peter, Samuel, and Henry; and two daughters, Elizabeth and Ann.
Henry Mouzon died in 1749. His wife was named Ann. He had seven children, Henry, Ann, Esther, Jane, Sarah, Susannah Elizabeth, and Mary Ann.
John Pressley died in 1750. His wife was named Mar- garet. He left legacies to his son, William; his daughter, Susannah, of tender age; his daughter, Sarah; his daugh- ter, Jane Mccullough; and his daughter Eleanor Thomp- son. In his will, he directs that if his house, which he leaves to his wife, should become unfit to live in, that his son, William, should build her a house twenty-eight feet in length, and eighteen feet in breadth and that he shall keep her comfortable.
Joshua Screven died in 1764 and is buried on the North side of Big Dam Swamp. The tombstone standing at the head of his grave is the oldest monument in Williams- burg County. He endows his wife, Hannah, and gives to his brother, Benjamin Screven, his plantations on the North side of the North bank of Black River. He gives his silver knee buckles to his brother, William Screven, and his watch to his brother, Benjamin Screven; and some negroes to his mother, Hannah Screven.
William Matthews died in 1760. He left legacies to his wife, Elizabeth, and to his son, William.
William Sabb died in 1765. His wife was named Debo- rah. He left two sons, Thomas Sabb and William Sabb; and four daughters, Deborah, Anna, Elizabeth, and Mary. In this will, he mentions his brother, Thomas Sabb.
John McBride died in 1766. He gives his wife, Eliza- beth, a liberal share of his property and his family Bible.
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He provides for his five children, John, James, William, Samuel, and Rebecca, and for an unborn child.
Esther Vanalle died in 1749 and gave all of her prop- erty to her husband, Matthew Vanalle.
John Scott died in 1788. He mentions his wife, Sarah; his mother-in-law, Mrs. Elizabeth Williams, and his sis- ter-in-law, Mrs. Rebecca Screven.
Thomas Scott died in 1766. He provides for his wife, Jannet, and his seven daughters, Elizabeth, Jean, Mary, Jannet, Katherine, Margaret, and Sarah, and gives all of his real estate to his son, William. These seven daughters were given much property in the will of John Watson.
John Scott died in 1769. His wife was named Catherine. He left three sons, Samuel, Joseph, and Moses, and one daughter, Isabelle.
Thomas McCrea died in 1760 without leaving a will. His oldest son, William McCrea, did not come to this country with his father but remained in Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland. Thomas McCrea left some children liv- ing in Williamsburg. When he died, his brother, Robert McCrea, of Lisnabrin, County Down, Ireland, made affi- davit to these facts, aiding William McCrea to appoint attorneys in South Carolina.
Jannet Scott of Williamsburg. She mentions her grand- son, Thomas Scott; son, William Scott; seven daughters, Elizabeth, Jean, Mary, Jannet, Catherine, Margaret, and Sarah; and her son-in-law, John Burrows. This will was probated on the 29th day of March, 1772.
James Fowler, planter and merchant, died in 1772. He mentions his father, Richard Fowler; his mother, Sarah Fowler, and his sister, Joanna Fowler, all of whom then lived in England ; his wife, Elizabeth Screven, and his only child, Martha Fowler. He provides that his daughter, Martha, should inherit when she reached the age of eighteen years, and appointed his friends, John Scott, Wil- liam Scott, and his wife, Elizabeth Screven, his executors.
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William Frierson died in 1773. In his will, he mentions his wife, Mary ; his son, Robert, and his son, John James. William Brown, William Campbell, and Isaac Nelson were his executors.
Theodore Gourdin's will was probated January 8, 1774. He mentions his brothers, Isaac and Peter Gourdin; his sons, Theodore and Samuel; and his niece, Marian Bois- seau. He left legacies to John Buddin, Esther McDonald, daughter of the late Captain John McDonald, and Edward Howard, son of George Howard. He wills that in the division of his negroes families should not be separated. His will was witnessed by James Lynch, William Buford, and Daniel Rhodus.
Francis Britton's will was proven before Samuel Ne- smith, Esq., March 24, 1768. He mentions his sons, Moses, Francis, and Henry, and his daughter, Mary; his grandson, Daniel Lane Britton, son of Moses; Martha Britton ; and Philip Britton, son of Joseph, his brother.
Isaac Brunson's will was proved September 7, 1770. He mentions his wife, Mary; his son, Daniel; and his other children-his sons, David, Isaac, Josiah, Matthew, Moses, and Joshua; and his daughters, Mary Mellett and Susan- nah.
John Fleming's will was proved before James McCants, Esq., May 11, 1768. He mentions his wife, Elizabeth ; his brother's daughter, Elizabeth; his cousin, Samuel Shan- non ; his sister, Agnes Cooper alias Fleming, and her two sons, James and Thomas Cooper ; his sister's son, George, and daughter, Elizabeth Cooper; his wife's daughter, Jan- net, and her daughter, Elizabeth Blakeley; his brother, James Fleming and his son, Peter Blakeley Fleming.
Henry Montgomery's will was proved January 26, 1769. He mentions his wife, Sarah ; his sons, William and Henry; his daughters, Sarah Jannett Dunn and Mary Armstrong and his nephew, Hugh Montgomery. This will was wit-
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nessed by Alexander McCrea, John McElveen, and Wil- liam Mccullough.
Jeremiah Vareen's will was proved July 5, 1767. He mentions his wife, Mary Vareen; his sons, William, Jere- miah, and Ebenezer; his son-in-law, James Sullivan; his daughters, Sarah Lewis, Ann Jenkins, Rebecca, Hannah, Rachel, Jane, and Martha.
Thomas Frierson's will was proved December 27, 1770, before James McCants, Esq. He mentions his wife, Mary Frierson; his daughter, Mary Wilson, and his daughter, Sarah Scott; and his grandson, Thomas Wilson. He makes his two sons-in-law, Roger Wilson and John Scott his sole executors.
Mary Gordon's will was proved the 23rd day of May, 1766. She mentions her six children, Moses, Elizabeth, Sarah, Margaret, Jean, and Mary. She left a legacy to Mary Wilson and also one to John Gordon, if he come to this province. She makes her son, Moses, Samuel Bradley, and William Frierson, Jr., her executors. This will was witnessed by James Dickey and Robert Wilson.
Royal Spry's will was proved December 27, 1770. He mentions his wife, Rebecca ; his four children, Jean, John, Elizabeth, and Rebecca. He wills that his old slave Phyl- lis should have her freedom immediately after his death and be maintained and clothed out of his estate.
Thomas McKnight's will was proved November 29, 1772. He mentions his sons, Robert, James, and William; and his daughter, Mary; and his brother, Robert. His will was witnessed by William Law, George Dickey, and Rich- ard Tyser.
John McFadden's will was proved July 19, 1773. He mentions his five children, John, James, Robert, Thomas, and Mary. His executors were Robert Wilson, Sr., and his son, John McFadden, at the age of twenty years, Wil- liam Orr, and Robert Paisley, and Joseph McKee.
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HISTORY OF WILLIAMSBURG
John Gregg's will was proved October 3, 1775. He men- tions his wife, Eleanor ; his sons, James, John, Robert, and William ; and his daughters, Margaret, Mary, and Janet. "It is my desire that my sons, Robert and William, and my daughter, Jannet, be learned to Read, and Right, and Cypher through the common rules of Arithmetick."
Archibald McKee's will was proved October 3, 1776. He mentions his wife, Elizabeth ; his five children, Adam and Joseph McKee, Martha Cooper, Jane Miller, and Archi- bald Knox, and his two sons-in-law, William Miller and Samuel Knox.
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CHAPTER IX.
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL MATTERS.
It is probable that Williamsburg lived from 1735 to 1745 as nearly within itself as any part of the civilized world. Its citizens had been made sick of other peoples, and their means of transportation during this period were nominal. These pioneers cleared enough land to produce the required amount of corn and vegetables, flax, and cot- ton for their own use. Their horses, cattle, hogs, and sheep grew unattended in the swamps.
When anything was needed from outside markets, these pioneers drove a herd of cattle to Charleston, or sent a consignment of deer skins, and from the proceeds secured the required supplies. Rounding up cattle and horses in cowpens and horsepens taught these people how to ride and control horses. Further, it made them love horses and obtain good ones. Hunting deer was a productive occupation. Venision is excellent food and deerskins sold at high prices.
Herdsmen and hunters did not need many slaves. No slaves were brought in 1732 when the first settlers came, and but few had been imported up to 1745. Indeed, the average citizen of this time owned not more than five. John Matthews had six; Samuel Montgomery, two; Wil- liam James, nine; Joseph Burgess, four; Roger Gordon, five; Richard Middleton, eleven; Robert McCottry, five; William Pressley, one; John Scott, nine.
The Williamsburg woman of this pioneer period existed solely for the use of her husband. Even on the Church books her name was not recorded, and she had no interests outside of her home. Her husband held her at home and she conformed completely to his habits and his will. Sometimes he took her to church, and once or twice each year he carried her to her mother's home for a few
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hours visit. She never left home unless under his cautious care. The jealous zeal with which the original settler in Williamsburg guarded his wife and the complete dominion which he exercised over her may be better imagined when it is known how the exceptionally conservative man of the old stock now in the County regards his wife and how fully he believes his life should completely circumscribe her very own.
The man made the corn and hauled it to his barn; the woman shucked and shelled it, ground it into meal and baked it into bread. The man killed and dressed a steer at the slaughter pen; the woman cured and cooked the meat, and made the hide into breeches for her husband, moccasins for her children, and aprons for herself. The man sheared the sheep; the woman picked the burrs from the wool, carded, spun, and wove in into cloth from which she made the family clothing.
The average woman of this time married about fifteen years old, bore her husband about ten children, at least half of whom did not survive infancy, and she died about thirty years of age. About one year after her death, her husband married another fifteen year old girl. Her life was similar to that of the first wife. The man probably married a third time. The average man of Williamsburg of seventy-five years of age had probably been married three times and had fifteen living children and an equal number who had died in infancy. The average colonial Wil- liamsburg man married young and kept married all his life.
Sometimes, however, a woman survived the strenuous life of the day and showed wonderful virility. Mary Frier- son was born in Ireland in 1701, came to Williamsburg in 1735, and died in 1791. She married Thomas Frierson when she was very young. Her youngest child, Mary Frierson, afterwards wife of John Scott, was born when her mother was more than fifty years old.
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Mary Heathly married first William Brady and bore seven children to him. He died and she married Thomas Witherspoon, to whom she bore seven children. After- wards, she married Thomas McCrea and bore three chil- dren to him. She survived her husband, Thomas McCrea, but did not marry again.
James Witherspoon was married five times. He seems to hold the record in old Williamsburg, although there were many of his friends who were married four times, according to the records; but possibly some of these old fellows omitted recording one or two of their marriages.
The thing a fifteen year old boy of 1750 most wanted was the finest rifle to be bought in the world. He desired one that would bring a squirrel from the highest cypress on the Santee and fell a deer at three hundred yards. His father wanted the finest looking and fastest running horse in the colony. Soon after the cultivation of indigo was begun, this father and son became more concerned as to where their hearts' desire might be obtained than about the price they would have to pay. Planters on the lower Wee Nee and the Santee allowed their rice paddies to fail while digging and cementing indigo vats. All the Williamsburg country cultivated indigo and it brought forth an hundred fold.
These old indigo holes may yet be seen in all parts of the present County. There is one within a hundred yards of Sutton's Methodist Church and is plainly visible from the Santee road. A series of them may be found in George's field on Cedar Swamp, and some on the Flagler plantation on Finley Bay. These indigo vats were made by digging out a cavity in the earth and plastering this cavity with a waterproof composition of pitch and sand. The story goes that the secret of this composition for lining indigo pits came with African slaves, and that they so jealously guarded it that their masters never discovered it. But few slaves had the secret and could successfully
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line indigo vats. They were invaluable to their masters. When an indigo planter discovered that he had a slave possessing this valuable secret, he immediately made that slave the prime minister of the plantation, clothed him in purple and fine linen, and caused him to fare sumptu- ously every day.
Cattle made Williamsburg substantial; indigo made it rich.
By 1765, Williamsburg citizens were far removed from want. Nearly all of them had a considerable surplus and their estates grew until the Revolution. Wealth brought no specially noticeable change in their manner of living. Cultivating indigo and herding cattle did not require much labor, so a very few slaves were all that a planter could use. Consequently, nobody in the District ran riot ac- cumulating negro slaves. Nobody in this section built a colonial mansion, as did most of the wealthy men in many other parts of the country. Nobody in Williamsburg ever has until this good day erected such an "old Southern home" as Henry W. Grady remembered and described in his Boston banquet speech. The people of this community have elected to live in modest comfortable homes, although many of them might have erected splendid mansions. Is it that the cryptomnesic content of forty generations of nomad life on the continent and a thousand years of war- ring and wandering in Ireland and Scotland deter them? Is there an unconscious yet determining instinct in them that "something might happen to move me and I could not carry a mansion?"
Yet no people on earth ever had a deeper land love than did the Colonial Scotch-Irish masters of plantations. Every one ruled his little realm as absolutely as any ancient monarch attempted in his sphere, and every one knew his rights, required them, and respected those of his neighbors. This same idea still obtains in Williams-
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burg. "Woe to trespassers-all others welcome" might well be graven over all its gates.
Prior to the War of the Revolution, no person could teach school in the colony unless he were a communicant of the Church of England and duly licensed by the Lord Bishop of London. These Presbyterians in Williamsburg at that time had much rather have employed the Devil to teach their children than a member of the Church of England. Consequently, Colonial Williamsburg children were taught in their own homes. Remarkable it may be, but the truth is the average man and woman of Williams- burg in 1776, although born and reared under severe pio- neer conditions, were more familiar with letters that at any period since that time. Not more than one man out of the first one hundred wills and transfers of property made and recorded between 1765 and 1775 had to make his mark, nor did a greater per centum of women releasing rights fail to write legibly their names. Out of more than three hun- dred of Marion's Men from Williamsburg who filed their statements for pay, only six made their marks where they should have signed their names. Almost every one of these men was born in Williamsburg later than 1740. The old manuscripts of the Colonial period, though written with goose quill pens and red oak ball ink, are beautiful in general appearance and the chirography is almost per- fect.
All office holders in the colonial period were required to take communion according to the ritual of the Church of England and from the hands of a priest of the Estab- lished Church. This eliminated nearly all of the indwell- ers in Williamsburg from official duties, for no Presby- terian of that day would have touched the elements after blessed by a priest of the Established Church sooner than he would have torn out his tongue. Besides, the Scotch- Irish in Williamsburg desired only to be let alone and they had too much caution to enter where they would be
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disturbed. Williamsburg Township was entitled to two representatives in the Colonial Assembly from the day it was surveyed in 1736, since then it had more than one hundred heads of families, yet it did not choose to exer- cise this right until the war drums sounded.
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