USA > South Dakota > History of southeastern Dakota, its settlement and growth, geological and physical features--countries, cities, towns and villages--incidents of pioneer life--biographical sketches of the pioneers and business men, with a brief outline history of the territory in general > Part 14
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During the winter of 1879-80, there was a very considerable floating population, there being probably three hundred employes
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HISTORY OF SOUTHEASTERN DAKOTA.
located at Volga, every place of entertainment being more than comfortably crowded. The spring of 1880 began with bright pros- pects for the embryo town, Building went on apace, although the inhabitants suffered somewhat from limited capital for investment. The population, as will be seen, was necessarily of a more or less temporary character: yet the town has more than " held its own," and a succession of good crops will place it on a permanently envi- able footing. Much good was accomplished in the way of bridge building, mainly through the energetic instrumentality of Mr. Charles Keith, in the fall and winter of 1879-80, which winter, it is well remembered. was a particularly "open " one. wheat being sown in the month of February. A gratifying fact is. that during all floods and seasons of high-waters, Volga has been " high and dry." beyond the reach of danger from that very troublesome source.
The first deed of real estate in Volga was made April 14, 1880, by Albert Keep and wife-representing the Railroad Company-to Charles Keith. and transferred lot number six in block one.
L. V. Rich's "Rich Hotel" was built in the winter of 1879-80. The principal pioneer business men were H. Kirby. Nils Kjos. Hatheron & Son. T. H. Maguire & Company, Harkins & Rowley, James W. Ask, and others. The town may very properly pride itself on the excellent class of business men in general which its inducements have attracted. The well known and extensive busi- ness firms of G. W. Van Dusen & Co .. the Winona Mill Company, Youmans Bros. & Hodgins, Laird, Norton & Co., are well repre- . sented by the following efficient managers, respectively: Charles Keith. John Albertson, C. L. Warner and L. Johnson.
Volga is located on sections 14, 15. and 23, forty acres in each. town 110. range 51. The population is about four hundred. Town lots were surveyed-blocks one, two, three and four-at the first survey. the first lot being occupied by H. Kirby. The first building on the townsite was erected by Nils Kjos. the second building by Kirby. The first family to arrive was that of Mr. J. Harris, on the 6th of October, 1879. O. L. Anderson, the first harness maker, came on the same date. October Sth. 1879. is the date of the first well digged in Volga, which was by E. M. Lenan- der for Harris. E. Nelson moved his blacksmith shop from Ren- shaw on the 10th of October. On the 13th, Frank Cline, the first blacksmith in Volga, began operations. Lewis Wilson, the first
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VOLGA.
shoemaker, came October 22d. The first passenger train arrived November 17th. The first public worship in Volga was held Jan- uary 4th. 1880, Rev. W. L. Alexander, Presbyterian, officiating. The first death to occur was that of Willis Mowl, March 9th, 1880; the first settler to enter the bonds of matrimony, was P. Balgord, the pioneer wagon and carriage maker, on the 31st day of March, 1880. The first birth to occur in the vicinity, after the starting of the town, was a son, to C. C. Saunders, living on the forty acres subsequently donated by Lewis Johnson as part of the townsite.
The character of the soil in this section, is that of a dark loam, varying in depth from six to twelve feet, before the gravel is reached. As you go west to Nordland, this depth increases to from twenty-five to one hundred and twenty feet. The subsoil is of clay. The water supply is abundant and easily reached. The county, along the Sioux River, is mainly inhabited by Scandina- vians, nationalities being vastly more varied seven or eight miles to the north. From Volga, north and south, the country is very well settled. There are several hundred acres of burr-oak timber in the vicinity of Lake Tetonkaha. Oakwood, on this lake, was first settled in 1878.
Mr. Charles Keith, who has in every respect proved an energetic promoter of the interests of Volga and vicinity, first came to Volga September 25th, 1879, for the purpose of looking up business prospects generally. Mr. Keith first engaged in the lumber trade, and received the first car-load of lumber delivered in Volga, on November 18, 1879. He represented Laird, Norton & Co., of Wi- nona, Minn. At that time, the people who were unable to procure lumber, occupied canvas tents. The first lumber was taken imme- diately from the cars by the purchasers, having been bought be- fore unloading.
CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS.
The Presbyterian and the Congregational Societies have each an appropriate building. The Presbyterian Society was organized in 1879. The first pastor was the Rev. William Carroll. Rev. John B. Taylor is the pastor at the time of writing. The Congrega- tional Society was organized in the summer of the present year. The Schools of Volga are in excellent condition.
The Brookings County Agricultural and Driving Park Associa- tion, of Volga, was organized in the autumn of 1880. Its officers are as follows: Board of Directors-George Henry, Thomas Bandy,
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HISTORY OF SOUTHEASTERN DAKOTA.
T. H. Maguire. Peter Balgord. William Nichols, J. W. Ask. E. Engleson, J. P. Farrington. Page Downing, Peter Lindskog, H. L. Wadsworth. President-George Henry. Secretary- E. Eng- leson. Treasurer H. L. Wadsworth. The grounds of the Asso- ciation are one-half mile southwest of town, and are excellently adapted to the purposes for which they are used. There is a first- class half-mile track. The second annual fair was held September 21, 22 and 23 of the present year. Competition in all classes is unlimited. and the exhibits are unusually good.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
Attorney .- P. Philip Cady.
Agricultural Implements .- John Albertson, T. H. Magnire, Chas. Keith. Barber .- B. F. Gates.
Boots and Shoes .- Joseph Daum.
Blacksmith .- H. C. Loomis.
Bakery .- C. S. Johnson.
Contractors and Builders .- John Ike, W. F. Williams, W. E. Tubbs.
Ciril Engineer .- Jacob Brown.
Druggists .- A. C. Porter, C. H. Drinker.
Draymen .- Stewart & Hunt. C. T. Wilson.
Depot Agent .- H. L. Wadsworth.
Elerators .- Van Dusen & Co., Chas. Keith. Manager.
Furniture .- A. D. Harrison.
Flour and Feed .- W. M. Nichols, Chas. Keith for Van Dusen & Co.
General Merchandise .- Henry Kirby, Harkins & Rowley, J. W. Ask, Wm. Fisher & Co., Seielstad & Hansen.
Hotels .- Farrington House, J. P. Farrington; Rich House, E. V. Rich; Will- son House, Miller Wilson: Farmers' Home, P. C. Ford; Skandinavisk House, T. R. Jevne.
Hardware .- Nils Kjos, T. H. Maguire & Co.
Harness and Saddlery .- O. L .. Anderson.
Insurance .- Mitchell & Engleson.
Jeireler .- A. C. Porter.
Lumber .- Laird, Norton & Co .. C. L. Warner; Youmans Bros. & Hodgins, L. Johnson, agent.
Livery .- Stewart & Hunt.
Maxons .- F. S. Idell, C. Mccreery.
Meat Markets .- El. Achenbach, Carl Sec.
Millinery and Dressmaking .- Miss K. C. Ryan.
Newspaper .- Dakota Gazette, Geo. W. Brown, Editor an l Proprietor. Photographer .- W. H. DeGraff.
Postmaster .- Jacob Brown. Physician-W. H. Everhard.
Real Estate, Louns and Collections-Mitchell & Engleson, P. Philip Cady, C. M. Story.
Saloons-E. Snider. I. P. Farrington.
Undertaker-A. D. Harrison.
Wagon and Carriage Works-P. Balgord.
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BROOKINGS AND KINGSBURY COUNTIES.
ELKTON.
The town of Elkton, which is a lively, growing place, was plat- ted in the spring of 1880, and has a population of about two hun- dred people. It is situated on the line of the Chicago & North- western Railroad, and has numerous advantages, both in point of location and in every evidence of thrift. In fact, the town would astonish the ordinary traveler. Every branch of business is well represented. Its stores, its buildings and its population are in keeping with Dakota's rapid "onward march." A business direc- tory of the town would read somewhat as follows:
General Merchandise-A. W. Blanchard & Co., John Black, A. F. Henry. Hardware-W. H. Carnell, O. T. Grattan.
[Harness and Saddlery-S. R. Stevens.
Hotels-Metropolitan, Elkton House.
Blacksmiths-O. Pencil, Ed. Johnson.
Lumber-Laird, Norton & Co., W. O. Barnes, Youmans Bros. & Hodgins, T V. Braithwait.
Druggist-F. L. Skillman.
Meat Market -- H. C. Chamberlain.
Restaurants-John F. Mead, M. Collins.
KINGSBURY COUNTY.
The county of Kingsbury is being rapidly populated. It is rich in resources, as, indeed, is every other county within the limits of Southeastern Dakota. Kingsbury County was organized Deceni- ber 13, 1879, its first Commissioners being Henry J. J. Burvie, Ben- jamin Loker, Herbert R. Palmer. Its principal settlements are De Smet, Fairview, Lake Thompson, Spring Lake, Lake Badger, Pleas- ant Valley, Nordland and Lake Preston. At the latter prosperous settlement most favorable evidences of the promising future of Kingsbury County are to be found. The village of Lake Preston was started in July of the present year. Mr. T. H. Maguire, of T. H. Maguire & Co., of Volga, located the town. Lake Preston is situated ten miles east of DeSmet and twelve miles west of Nord- land in the center of a fine farming country. Nearly all branches of trade are represented. A steam elevator and a flouring mill are in process of construction. The population is about 150. There is a good class of buildings, and the town is destined to be one of the best in that region of country. Mr. Maguire has started, near Lake Preston, a blooded-stock farm, having already a fine herd of Jerseys
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HISTORY OF SOUTHEASTERNDAKOTA.
and a number of pure-blooded trotters. of Hambletonian and Mam- brino stock. Mr. Maguire has named his farm the Milwaukee Stud Farm. Lake Preston is about seven miles long and one and one-half'miles wide. DeSmet, the County Seat, is a thriving and rapidly growing town.
HAMLN COUNTY.
North of Kingsbury and Brooking Counties, is Hamlin County, possessing a vast area of most excellent farming and stock-raising lands. This county was organized August 12th, 1878, Jacob Han- son, Magnus Hanson and Lewis Nelson being the first Commis- sioners. The following are the remaining County Officers first ap- pointed: Sheriff, James Boswell; Treasurer, Jacob Cass; Clerk and Register of Deeds. J. M. Hoyt: Judge of Probate. G. W. Hubbell; Surveyor and Clerk of Court, E. S. Ricklin.
The present officers are as follows: Commissioners-Jacob Cass, William Marshall, J. D. Riley. Sheriff-Samuel Colgrove. Treasurer-H. P, Horswill. Clerk and Register of Deeds-J. M. Hoyt. Judge of Probate-Jacob Cass. Surveyor-William Fitz- gerald. Superintendent of Schools-A. I. Darnell. Assessor-O. H. Merrick. Clerk of Court-C. P. Parsons.
Estelline is the County Seat. Hamlin County contains a num- ber of very extensive and finely managed farms or "ranches," par- ticular mention being due to the well known "Keator Ranch." This farm is owned by J. S. Keator, of Moline, Ill., and embraces ten thousand acres, two thousand of which are under cultivation. The writer had the pleasure to be enabled to personally inspect this magnificent farm. The estimated wheat yield of this farm, for 1882, with anything like an average season, is twenty thousand bushels. William Marshall is the manager in charge, and is a gentleman who well understands how to so conduct the immense enterprise as to make it as profitable as it should be. Keator Post- office is located on this farm, which is about thirteen miles south of Watertown. Mr. Marshall is the Postmaster. Stock raising is largely entered into on this "ranch." As might be expected, a large force of employes is necessary.
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DEUEL, GRANT AND CLARK COUNTIES.
DEUEL COUNTY.
East of Hamlin is Denel County, some account of whose organ- ization is to be found elsewhere in these pages. This growing County was organized April 26. 1878. Its first Commissioners were: Capt. H. N. Herrick, B. J. Cochran, Andrew J. Torgenson W. H. Stanley was the first Treasurer; G. W. Baillet, Judge of Probate; H. H. Herrick, Surveyor; M. G. Cobb, Assessor; Its present officers are: County Commissioners-Chairman, Jacob Fraker; H. H. Herrick, Erick E. Distad. Register of Deeds-Fred J. Bowman County Treasurer-W. H. Stanley. Sheriff-H. H. Whetstone. Judge of Probate,-G. W. Baillet. Surveyor-W. L. Brown. Sup- erintendent of Schools-C. B. Westcott.
Gary, the County Seat, is a prosperous town of some four hun- dred inhabitants, with churches, schools and all the concomitants of a growing civilization, and with hotel and other business accom- modations of all desirable kinds. Capt. Herrick, the proprietor of the Herrick House, came to Deuel County August 4th, 1871, en- tered the first land in the county, made the first final proof, and to his "better-half," was born the first child in Deuel County. The county of Deuel is attracting large numbers of the best classes of immigration, and may be set down as one of the perma- nently prosperous counties of Southeastern Dakota.
GRANT COUNTY.
The county of Grant, north of Deuel, was organized January 5, 1878, Solomon Roberts, James G. Lamdreaux and Levi C. Card being its first Commissioners. Lockwood, Osceola, Parnell, Kil- born, Milbank, Twin Brooks, Granville, Yellow Bank, Grant Con- ter, Brown Earth and Troy are its principal settlements.
CLARK COUNTY.
West of the populous county of Codington is the rich and fer- tile county of Clark. Among the first settlers-if not the first settler-was John Bailey, who located in the northern part of the county in 187c. The first persons to take land about the County Seat, were M. V. B. Hutchinson, Frank Hoskins, S. J. Conklin, and Mrs. M. E. Greenslet, who located land on the same day in September, 1879. Clark is the County Seat of Clark County, and is located on section 6, town 116, range 57. The county was or-
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HISTORY OF SOUTHEASTERN DAKOTA.
ganized May 23d, 1881. The officers appointed were: Commis- sioners-M. V. B. Hutchinson, John Bailey, James Hosmer. Sheriff-Mervin Wait. Register of Deeds-J. A. Williams. Treasurer-R. W. Day. Judge of Probate-S. J. Conklin. Su- perintendent of Schools- Walter Hern. Assessor-David Hern. Surveyor -- S. Yeomans. Justices of the Peace-S. G. Updyke, William M. Tripp. Clerk of the Court-E. F. Conklin. The extension of the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad from Water- town is already graded as far as the County Seat of Clark County. The description of the nature and character of the soil, applied to the counties generally in Southeastern Dakota, applies equally to Clark County.
SPINK COUNTY.
This county, which lies west of Clark, is destined in the progress of events to take rank as one of the most prosperous of the coun- ties described in this work. It is one of the richest portions of the famous "Jim" River Valley, and is attracting immigration at a rate which would greatly astonish the staid inhabitants of the East. The county was named in honor of the late Hon. S. L. Spink. of Yankton. Spink County was organized July 22d, 1879. its first Commissioners being George M. Bowman, Charles Foster and James B. Churchill.
BEADLE COUNTY.
This is one of the very best counties in the James River Valley. Among its first settlers were Charles Miner, Martin Baum, A. J. Sweetser, S. T. Nelson, James Neilson, E. C. Walton, James S. Bishop, John H. Bishop, Jacob Kaup, John B. Haggin and Wat- son Weed.
The first County Commissioners were appointed in July, 1880. These Commissioners, viz: E. C. Walton, S. S. Neilson and Chas. Miner. met July 26, 1880, at 10 A. M, for the purpose of county organization, and appointed the following County Officers: Sheriff -Charles Hudson. Register of Deeds-J. H. Alexander. Judge of Probate W. B. Ingersoll. Treasurer E. G. Wheeler. Su- perintendent of Schools-James S. Bishop. Surveyor-W. B. Joy. Assessor ---- Watson Weed.
The first county election was held on the first of November, 1880, and the following officers were elected: County Commission-
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BEADLE COUNTY.
ers-E. C. Walton, S. S. Neilson, F. R. Van Dusen. Sheriff-Da- vid Bell. Treasurer-R. A. Harris. Superintendent of Schools- J. S. Bishop. Judge of Probate-E. P. Caldwell. Register of Deeds-J. H. Alexander; I. J. Mouser, Deputy. Surveyor-W. B. Joy. Assessor-Charles Hudson.
Huron is the County Seat, there being as yet only three other towns organized in the county, viz: Cavour, nine miles east of Huron: Broadhead, twelve miles to the northwest, and Hitchcock, twenty-four miles in the same direction. Wagner and Goodale are two newly established postoffices.
The present County Officers are: Commissioners-Dist. No. 3, E. C. Walton, chairman, Huron; term expires Jan. 7, 1884. Dist. No. 1, S. S. Neilson, Cavour; term expires Jan. 1, 1883. Dist. No. 2, Frank Van Dusen; term expires Jan. 1, 1882. Register of Deeds and County Clerk-J. H. Alexander, Huron; I. J. Mouser, Deputy, Huron. Probate Judge-E. P. Caldwell, Huron. Treas- urer-R. A. Harris, Huron. Sheriff-D. Bell, Huron. Assessor -Chas. Hudson, Cavour. School Supt .- Jas. S. Bishop, Huron. Surveyor-W. B. Joy, Huron. Coroner-Hugh Russell, Huron. Justices of the Peace-T. F. Nicholl. Huron; A. H. Risdon, Hu- ron; John H. Bishop, Huron; A. J. Sweetser, Cavour. Consta- bles-John McDonall, E. M. Chase, Seth Markham and Martin Baum.
HURON.
Huron is the County Seat of Beadle .County, Dakota. It is situ- ated on the west bank of the James River, and bids fair to become the great railroad center of Dakota. The Chicago and North- western main, east and west line, passes through it, and the same road has built a line north from Huron up the James River, and proposes one south from that point. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul is building a north and south line down the James River Valley through Huron. and several other roads are projected through this growing town, and will no doubt soon be built, thus throwing Huron far ahead of all other points in Dakota as a railroad center.
Huron was laid out in May, 1880, and to-day is a town of 1,000 inhabitants, and is growing rapidly in business, building and pop- ulation. Its rise, progress. and prospects equal that of any fast growing towns of the Northwest. Its friends predict for it a future equal to that of Omaha, Cheyenne, and Minneapolis, and in
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HISTORY OF SOUTHEASTERN DAKOTA.
view of all circumstances and surroundings, such expectations are only reasonable.
The town of Huron is located on the west half of section 6, town 110, range 61, and in section 1, town 110, range 62. the range lines running through the center of the city, and nearly through the center of the county. The town was platted by Peter Folsom, a surveyor in the employ of the Chicago and Northwest- ern Railroad Company. The survey was commenced on the first. day of May, 1880. & The first building was begun on the townsite on the day previous to the beginning of the survey. It was a frame building owned by John Cain, the editor of the Settler, now the Times, and by W. B. Ingersoll. The first store was built by E. G. Wheeler, and used as a drug and book store. The town was incorporated, under the provisions of the Territorial Code, the election for this purpose being held on the 29th day of January, 1881. On the 19th day of the following February, the first town officers were elected, as follows: Trustees-Edward Sterling, C. C. Hills, W. B. Ingersoll, T. F. Nicholl. S. W. Roberts. Edward Sterling was the first President of the Board. H. M. Jewett was Clerk, Treasurer and Assessor. O. A. Cheney was the Justice of the Peace. R. B. Clark was City Marshal.
The regular annual election was held May 2d. 1881, and the fol- lowing officers were elected: Trustees- C. C. Hills, President; W. B. Ingersoll, John McDonald, Judd Buck, Neils Meng. Clerk, Treasurer and Assessor H. M. Jewett. Justice of the Peace E. M. Milliken. Marshal -- David Bell. W. H. Davis was ap- pointed to fill the vacancy caused by the removal of Judd Buck from the Territory.
The first newspaper published in Huron was The Beadle County Settler, established March 17th, 1880, before the town was started, by John Cain, and changed to The Huron Times June 4th, 1881; being then enlarged to an eight-page paper. The next paper started was the Dakota Central, established in April, 1880, by the Dakota Central Publishing Company. A. M. Jones was the editor. This paper was suspended in Octo- ber. 1880, by the "blizzard" of that month. The Huron Tri- bune was next established, by Shannon & Hopp, June 2d, 1880, and is now published by the firm of Davis, Shannon & Hopp.
W. B. Ingersoll, then Judge of Probate, performed the first mar- riage ceremony.
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HURON.
The first church services were held in the store-building belong- ing to E. G. Wheeler, May 6, 1880, Rev. M. E. Chapin, a Presby- terian clergyman, officiating.
The first settlers to come and remain were: John Cain, W. B. Ingersoll, E. G. Wheeler, M. F. Wright, W, B. Joy, C. D. Joy, S. W. Roberts, I. J. Mouser, J. H. Alexander, A. H. Risdon, T. F. Nicholl, T. J. NicholE. P. Caldwell, V. R. Davis, L. J. Corbin, Charles Reed, A. T. Robinson, L. W. Moser, John McDonald, M. J. Dinneen, Davis Bell, E. M. Chase, and others.
Huron has a Board of Trade, organized in August, 1881. The membership now numbers forty. All members are elected by bal- lot, and must be engaged in some legitimate business. The officers of the Board are: President, T. J. Nicholl; Vice President, W. B. Ingersoll; Secretary, W. T. Love; Treasurer, C. C. Hills; Exec- utive Committee, J. W. Shannon, John Cain.
A Lodge of the order of Free and Accepted Masons was institut- ed in August, 1881, and is working under dispensation. Its offi- cers are; L. J. Corbin, W. M .; A. O. Harvey, S. W .; T. J. Nich- oll, J. W .; G. W. Sterling, Secretary; F. F. B. Coffin, Treasurer; E. C. Harris, S. D .; S. Roberts, J. D .; E.C. Walton, Tyler-all of whom are charter members.
The Episcopal Church Society of Huron was organized in August, 1881, with five communicants. The first service was held in Sep- tember, 1880, at the residence of T. J. Nicholl. The Society now has a substantial edifice, sixteen by thirty-two feet in dimensions, all paid for by the members thereof. The Rev. Dr. Hoyt. Dean of Dakota, is the pastor. The Society at present has fifteen com- municants and forty adherents.
The Postoffice of Huron was established July 13, 1880. John Cain is the Postmaster. Daily mails are had, east, west and north, and a tri-weekly mail from the south.
The first term of District Court was held in Beadle County in August, 1881, Chief Justice P. C. Shannon presiding.
The Presbyterian Church of Huron was organized August 29th, 1880, by Rev. Walter S. Peterson, with ten members. At present . there are twenty-four communicants. The Society is now erect- ing a church building thirty by forty-four feet in dimensions, with a corner tower ten feet by ten, and a pulpit recess five feet by thirteen. The cost of the building will be about $1.800, The Board of Trustees are: E. C. Lyman, J. B. Carter and Sanford
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HISTORY OF SOUTHEASTERN DAKOTA.
Smith. The present pastor is the Rev. John B. Pomeroy, a grad- uate of the University of Wooster, Ohio. and who also graduated from the Union Theological Seminary, of New York City, in 1877. Mr. Pomeroy came west in 1880, being sent by the Home Board of Missions. He assumed the pastorate of the church at Huron in August, 1881.
Rev. Mr. Cressey is the pastor of the Baptist Church Society, which is in a flourishing condition.
The Methodist Episcopal Church of Huron was organized August 1st, 1881. Rev. Abraham Thompson is the pastor. The Society has fifty communicants, and is erecting a commodious edifice.
The Independent Order of Odd Fellows of Huron held their first meeting November 1st, 1881. The Lodge is working under a char- ter, and has twenty-five members.
The Huron Brass Band was organized March 14, 1881 with 12 members. J. H. Devoe is the Leader.
Huron has good stage communication with Mitchell and other points. Stages leave Huron, Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, returning from Mitchell the day following, connecting with trains to and from the East at Mitchell, and with trains from the West, East and North at Huron, and with stages at Mitchell for Yank- ton.
The Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company now have 255 miles of road running east and west, through Dakota, .91 miles north to Ordway, and 77 miles graded and ready for the iron; and will have a road running from Pierre to Deadwood within a year. The company has expended a large amount of money for shops and depots at this point, the construction of which was begun in September, 1880. These improvements consist of one machine shop, 60x124 feet; a blacksmith shop, 50x70 feet; one engine room, 24x30 feet; a ten stalled engine house, with improved covered turn tables; an oil house, 16x30 feet; a sand house, 20x40 feet; coal sheds covering an area 26x640 feet, and capable of holding 4,000 tons of coal: a car repair shop, 22×80 feet; general office and depot, 24x80 feet; freight house, 22x96 feet; emigrant freight house, 22x96 feet; baggage house. 16x30 feet. The Company at . this point does all kinds of ordinary repairing for coaches and en- gines, and repair all the tools used on the Division. They employ sixty men in the shops. The general office employs nine men. The first train arrived at Huron June 25th, 1880.
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