USA > Virginia > City of Norfolk > City of Norfolk > History of Norfolk County, Virginia and representative citizens, V.1 > Part 52
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On April 9, 1873, the corner-stone of the Protestant Episcopal Guild (now St. Luke's Church, on Bute street), was formally laid.
On July 30, 1875, Maj .- Gen. George E. Pickett, the Confederate hero of the battle of Gettysburg, departed this life at the St. Vin- cent de Paul Hospital in this city.
July . 30, 1876 (anniversary of the bat- tle of the Crater )', was a gala day in Norfolk. It was the occasion of the annual reunion of the veterans of "Mahone's Old Brigade," Army of Northern Virginia.
On January 13, 1877. the frigate "Swet- lana," of the Imperial Russian Navy, arrived in our harbor. She was commanded by Rear Admiral Boutadoff. with the Grand Duke Alexis as "ship's captain," and the Grand Duke Constantine (the younger), lieutenant. There were also on board several princes, barons and other members of the Russian royal family.
On January 25, 1877, the Norfolk Ger- man Club gave a complimentary german to the Grand Duke Alexis. who honored the invita- tion by his presence.
On February 8, 1877. a grand ball was given in honor of the Grand Dukes and the officers of the Russian frigates "Swetlana" and "Bogatyr." the latter having just then ar- rived. The ball was a fashionable gathering of which Norfolk for a long time boasted, and it was most admirably and systematically conducted.
On February 13, 1877. the Grand Duke Alexis and his companions gave a grand matinee dansante on board the flag-ship "Swet- lana," of the Imperial Russian Navy.
The great religious meetings of Moody and Sankey began on April 14. 1886.
The corner-stone of the new Market and Armory was laid October 29, 1890.
Father Abram J. Ryan, the Southern poet, was born in Norfolk. Virginia. August 15, 1839, and died in Louisville, Kentucky, on
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the 22nd of April, 1886. His father. Michael Ryan, was born in Tipperary, Ireland; his mother, Mary ( Madden) Ryan, was born in Limerick, Ireland. His father was a stone- inason and after immigrating to this country worked for a while at his trade in Baltimore, Maryland, then removed to Hagerstown and while there a daughter was born. He after- ward located at Norfolk and bere his son Abram was born. Little did his parents real- ize that they were raising up a boy to sing the great war songs. of the South and become famous as the poet-priest the world over. Soon after Father Ryan's ordination as a Catholic priest, he became a chaplain in the Confederate Army, in which he served until the close of the war. On February 7, 1900, Pickett-Buchanan Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy. decided to erect a mont- ment to his memory, appointing MIrs. Walter P. Burrow, chairman, Mrs. Charles G. Elliott, Mrs. Frank Anthony Walke. Mrs. Philip G. Yeatman, Mrs. R. B. Cooke, Mrs. Walter H. Doyle and Mrs. Theo. S. Garnett a committee to carry out the plans, and on the 22nd of May, in the center of the Confederate lot in Elmwood Cemetery. unveiled the Father Ryan memorial-a cross seven feet high, made of Southern granite and bearing the inscription
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Father Ryan. Poet Priest. Erected A. D. 1900, By the Daughters of the Confederacy of Norfolk, Va. His Native City.
On a visit to his native city in 1880, Fa- ther Ryan presented to James Barron Hope a copy of his poems and on the fly-leaf. written in his own hand .- "To Virginia's first poet by a Southern Priest Poet with truest re- gards."
"No poet ever yet has written songs so sweet As the unfelt fragrance of his own heart; His songs are flowers, and sometimes birds ;- we greet Such songs; the bard is higher than his art.
Himself I read beneath the words he writes
And he himself means more than songs to me; Beneath life's suns by days and stars through night Moves the deep music of Eternity.
He sings as best he can -- but when he sings
His grandest songs,-and hymns the world calls best.
He knows that folded in his spirit's wings Are songs that sound not, -- and God knows the rest."
On December 11, 1889, memorial service for ex-President Jefferson Davis of the Con- federate States was held at the Academy of Music. There was a large concourse of people to do homage to the memory of the distin- guished dead. All business was suspended in the city during the ceremonies.
Capt. J. F. Cecil. a noted Confederate soldier and popular citizen, died January 22, 1890.
Great Bridge Chapter of the Daughters of , the American Revolution was organized in Norfolk during the month of February, 1894, with a membership of 12. Mrs. Hugh Nel- son Page was elected regent for a term of one year. Mrs. Page served four terms and was then made State regent of the Daughters of the American Revolution, which office she still holds. Since Mrs. Page's retirement, the local regency has been held by Mrs. Philip Ed- ward Yeatman, Mrs. H. H. H. Handy, Mrs. James Hubbard and Mrs. James Riddle, who is the present regent.
From the original 12 members at the or- ganization of the chapter, the number has gradually increased until now the roll contains 53 names.
The chapter has done much to perpetuate the memory of the heroes from this section who fought for the independence that has made this nation the greatest in the world, and the erection of the monument at Great Bridge is a crowning success to its patriotic endeavors. The inscription on the monument is as follows:
This Stone Marks the Battlefield of Great Bridge, Dec. 9. 1775. Erected by the Daughters of the American Revolution, Norfolk, Virginia, 1900.
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THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF VIRGINIA ANTIQUITIES.
The object of this society is to restore and preserve the ancient historic buildings and tombs in the State of Virginia, and acquire by purchase or gifts the sites of such buildings and tombs with a view to their perpetuation and preservation.
Norfolk Branch was originated in 1888.
OFFICERS.
.
Miss Mary J. Galt, Supervisor. Miss L. L. Taylor. Directress. Mrs. William H. White, Treasurer. Miss Rosa Rountree, Secretary.
ADVISORY BOARD.
William W. Old. Rev. Beverly D. Tucker. . Judge T. S. Garnett.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
R. M. Hughes. T. Selden Bagnall. William W. Old. B. P. Loyall. Barton Myers.
THE WISHING OAK. By Mrs. Winifred Sackville-Stoner.
On one of the principal streets of Norfolk stands a dilapidated old mansion known as the "Tazewell Place," being the former home of ex-Governor Tazewell.
For many years, on the border of the lawn, which surrounds this house, stood an ancient live oak with its roots extending beneath the sidewalk and its branches hanging over the heads of passers-by.
This grand old tree was called "The Wish- ing Oak," but the eldest citizen of Norfolk could not verify its age nor the exact time when it received its name. However, it is claimed that many individuals have obtained the great desire of their hearts by going un- dler its branches and wishing aloud.
There are two legends concerning the origin of belief in this oak's miraculous powers.
Some claim that the custom of wishing be- neath the tree originated with a little girl, who once while sitting in the shadow of its green leaves wished for a ring. On the follow- ing day her aunt presented her with the wished for gift, saying that she had dreamed about the little maid's wish. This caused the im- aginative child to believe that there were fair- ies in the tree and consequently she and her playmates always came here to pour forth the desires of their infantile hearts.
The other legend says that "The Wisli- ing Oak" was so christened by an old man, who used to pass under the tree's branches every morning and taking off his hat, would wish for fine weather or some special pleasure during the day. He claimed that his wishes were always granted, so others began to fol- low his example.
For almost a century, young men and maidens, who wished to be married, have stood under this tree at midnight, when the moon was full, whispered their wish to the green leaves and then walked two blocks with- out speaking, which was the prescribed rule for winning a husband or wife. All those who received their hearts' desire had such faith in the old oak that they believed there was vir- tue even in its leaves, so when they could not go to the tree they made a wish by kissing some of the leaves which they always kept with them.
Owing to the wonderful growth of Nor- folk, and the necessity for a new business block on Granby street, the venerable philan- thropist, who still possessed a sturdy trunk and fresh green leaves, was felled to the ground on November 7, 1901.
Although it will always remain unknown as to its fulfillment of all wishes, still it is to be hoped that the number of happy homes pre- sumably made by this much loved tree are as numerous as the ever green leaves under which they were made, and as a good talisman every one should endeavor to possess at least one leaf from the famous old "Wishing Oak."
WINIFRED SACKVILLE-STONER.
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HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY
FIRE HISTORY OF NORFOLK.
Written By Thomas B. Rowland in 1898.
The first allusion to fire matters in the old borough was about 1740, when the worship- ful court "doth order that on ve breaking out of a fire the drum shall be beat."
The second, perhaps, is a trifle later than that when an order was passed prohibiting wooden chimneys. On September 14, 1751, the court ordered the remittance of £100 sterling to Ennis & Hope; London. "for one fire engine compleat," and for buckets and other utensils usable with said engine. I am not certain. but under the impression, that this engine was built by Newsham & Rag; how- ever, she must have arrived, for in 1753 an order is passed to pay 4s. 414d. for 1 3/4 pounds of leather to repair the engine.
There are no town records that show the occurrence of any fires of note -- but the orders for the digging of numerous public wells for fire purposes, and for the supply of water to the shipping, with the appointment of care- takers for them, make it plain such things were looked after. In 1783 an order of court appears that the town sergeant be directed to bring back from Kemp's Landing the engines sent there for safe keeping. This means that when Lord Dunmore destroyed the town in 1776 we had engines. Records between 1790 and 1800 refer to the purchase of engines in Philadelphia, and further that a number of private individuals owned and maintained en- gines besides those under the control of the corporation. Between those dates, and we may say up to 1810, numerous fires of minor importance, no doubt, occurred, as would be the case in all small towns of wooden con- struction. But powder and blowing up was much resorted to, for I found many appro- priations of record for payment of powder used.
The first great fire of which we have any intelligent record, was on February 24, 1799. It begun in the house of one Abbot, a shoe- maker, in Woodside lane, wiped out about 162
buildings, from Commerce street, west, up to Main street, north. The Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia records it as the first seri- ous loss they had: it cost them about $35.000. One incident in connection with this fire may be noted. Its progress in one direction was stayed by the free use of vinegar,-the stock of one of the storekeepers.
The next fire that appears worthy of spe- cial notice was on February 22, 1804. It be- gan on Maxwell's wharf. now Roanoke dock. near the water, and extended all along the west side of Market Square, north to Main street; thence west to Town Point on the south side of Main street. destroying in all over 300 buildings. many of which were ware- houses filled with West India produce of much value, for our trade in such was very large.
In 1797, Fire Company No. 1, under Dr. Archer, first came into notice as a distinct or- ganization, and there are traces without any special record that it was the original Union Fire Company that retained its operative force up to the war: only disappearing after it.
The origin of the Franklin Fire Company is not quite so definite, but as far back as 1803. one Oliphant, then cashier of the United States Bank, was prominent, and from that time up to 1830. under Joseph A. Barron, John Myers, James S. Garrison, and others it did continuous duty until 1846, when it dis- appeared entirely.
In 1824. the Phenix Fire Company, under James M. Steed and others, appears; but that company also disappears in 1846 with the Franklin Fire Company by being merged in with the Hope and Aid fire companies, un- der a new organization, after the fire on Main street and Market Square.
In 1830 the Resolution Fire Company, of Portsmouth, was formed under Charles A. Grice, with an engine built by Stephen Thayer of Boston, the citizens of Norfolk subscribing $800 towards it.
After 1830 the previous prevailing interests in fire matters died out, and not until 1846. after a bad fire on Main street, was any im-
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proved apparatus introduced and a chief engi- necr-Finley F. Ferguson-put in charge, all prior to that the manual labor was done by negroes, who were paid so much an hour. The formation of white companies, after that pro- duced the usual rivalry, and it was kept up until the war broke them up. We might date the different organizations of this era as the Hope Fire-Company, 1847; Relief Fire Com- pany, 1847; Aid Fire Company, 1847; United Fire Company, 1850; the Union retaining its old one -- after some lapse of time with various dissensions and much turbulent trouble.
The Councils in 1871 passed sweeping or- ders for the disbanding of all the old organiza- tions, and on December 15. 1871, fully estab- lished the present as a paid department, placing it in the hands of Thomas B. Rowland, Ed- ward W. Face, Charles B. Langley, as a Board of Fire Commissioners, with full and complete authority of appointment, and its administra- tion with Thomas Kevill, as chief engineer ; Robert W. Rhea, as assistant. The apparatus at that time, and soon after. consisted of three ! steam fire engines, four hose carts and a small hook and ladder truck, with 27 call men, six substitutes, and seven permanent station men. Thomas Kevill continued as chief engineer un- til 1894, when he was succeeded by the present incumbent, Martin J. Ryan. In 1871 it was a question of policy under the then existing con- ditions to centralize the department, and as the territory to be covered was not large-for our population had not grown so much-with quick movement any part could be easily reached, so the present department . building on William street was planned to contain all the apparatus then in use. But as the town grew, in 1893 additional fire quarters on Queen street, near Church, were contracted for-since built and equipped.
Space not being within our reach for ex- tended notices, simple references to date can only be made of fires of much consequence within the period under review :
1776-Burning by Lord Dunmore. .. . 1.333 buildings. 1799-As noted before 262 buildings.
1804-As noted before 300 buildings. 1814-East side Market Square. 35 buildings.
1819-Main street to Metcalf's lane to Talbot street, etc 100 buildings.
1827-Church street to Mariner, etc .... 100 buildings. 1848-Woodside wharf to Town Point. 62 buildings. 1863-Main street and Market Square. . 1873-Market Square. 13 buildings.
1881-Cotton warehouses, wharves, compress and ship. 1383-Norfolk & Western hailway and cotton sheds. 1891 -- Norfolk storage warehouses.
1892 -- Same again.
1894-MeCleary's & McClellan's live stock stables.
1890-S. R. White & Brothers' foundry. 28 buildings, cattle yards, etc., building of Merchants' & Farmers' Peanut Company and Atlantic City Saw Mills on Front street.
THOMAS B. ROWLAND.
THEATRES.
Long prior to the Revolution theatrical per- formances were held in a wooden building that had been used as a pottery on the south side of Main street, near the river shore. A regular theatre was in operation in 1793 in a large wooden warehouse on Calvert's lane. A brick playhouse was built in 1795 on the east side of Fenchurch street, and it was in this house that Junius Brutus Booth performed after his arrival in Norfolk from Madeira, June 30. 1821. The Academy of Music on Main street and the Granby Theatre on Granby street are now the principal theatres of Norfolk.
CHARTERS OF NORFOLK.
The original charter of the borough of Nor- folk was granted by letters patent of George II, on the 15th of September, 1736, and was confirmed by Act of the General Assembly in the same year. Acts were passed amending this charter and enlarging the powers and juris- diction of the corporation in 1752, 1757, 1761. 1762, 1772, 1787, 1788. 1790, 1796, 1798, 1802, 1803, 1804. 1806, 1807, ISOS. ISII, 1816, 1818, 1819, 1825, 1839. and on February 13, 1845, was passed the charter of the city of Norfolk. This charter was amended March 20, 1850, May 19, 1852, March 22, 1853, Febru- ary 24, 1858.
After the Confederate War, the Acts of the
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HISTORY OF NORFOLK COUNTY
General Assembly, relating to the city charter, are as follows :
The charter of 1871 was in force March 16, 1871. The Acts of 1870-71, Chapter 139; were amended as follows: Act of March 4, IS72,-Page 102; Acts of 18;2-73 .- Pages 175, 295; Acts of 1874,-Page 90; Acts of 1875-76 .- Page 127: Acts of 1876-77 .-- Page 6; Acts of ISSI-82, -- Page 22.
The charter of 1882 was in force April 21, 1882. The Acts of 1881-82. Chapter 70, Page 405. were repealed January 21, 1884.
The charter of 1884 was in force January 21, 1884. It was amended as follows: Sec- tions 70, 71, 72 and 73 amended April 28, 1887; Section 40 amended May 14, 1887 : Section 65 amended February 25, 1892: Section 27 amended February 21. 1900; Section 18 amend- ed February 26, 1900: Section 15 amended February 2, 1901 : Sections 45. 49, 50, 52 and 53 amended February 15, 1901.
The Brambleton Annexation Act was ap- proved April 6, 1887, in force July 1, 1887, and ' date of the original charter to the borough, to amended as follows : Sections 5, 6 and 13 I901, is herewith given : amended March 3. 1890. in force May 1, 1890: Section 5 amended March 1, 1892; Section 5 amended February 15. 1901.
The Atlantic City Annexation Act was ap- proved February 22, 1890, and amended as follows : Sections 5, 6 and 12 amended Feb- ruary 12, 1892; Sections 2, 6 and 12 amended March 3, 1896; Section 5 amended January 13. 1 898.
CHANGES MADE IN THE NAMES OF STREETS SINCE 1865.
Catharine to Bank.
Boush, between Wood and Moseley, to Queen.
Boush, between Princess Anne road and Calvert, to Henry.
Union, between Church and Hawk, to Smith.
William, between Granby, and Chamber- laine's wharf, to Randolph.
Washington, between Fayette and Mat- thews, to Jackson.
Washington, between Newton and Chapel, to Pulaski.
Wide Water changed to Water.
Little Water changed to Elisabeth.
Gray changed to Atlantic.
Amelia changed to Boush.
Princess changed to Duke.
Second.Cross changed to Reilly.
Third Cross changed to Walke.
First North changed to Willoughby. Second North changed to Suffolk.
Third North changed to Kent.
Marsh changed to Cove.
IT olf changed to Washington.
The foregoing passed the Select and Com- mon Councils January 30, 1871.
MAYORS OF NORFOLK.
A list of the mayors of Norfolk, from the
The first mayor was Samuel Boush, ap- pointed by the charter of the borough, under date of September 15, 1736, in the Ioth year of the reign of King George II. Mayor Boush died in less than two months after his appoint- ment to the office. George Newton. 1736. John Hutchings. 1737. Robert Tucker, 1738. John Taylor, 1739. Samuel Smith, 1740. Josiah Smith, 1741. George Newton, 1742. John Hutchings, 1743. John Taylor, 1744. John Phripp, 1745. Edward Pugh, 1746. Thomas Newton, 1747. John Tucker, 1748. Robert Tucker, 1749. Durham Hall, 1750. Wilson Newton, 1751. Christopher Perkins, 1752. Josiah Smith, 1753. George Abyvon, 1754. John Hutchings, 1755. Richard Kel- sick, 1755. Josiah Smith, 1756. John Phripp, 1757. John Tucker, 1758. Robert Tucker, 1759. Wilson Newton, 1760. Christopher Perkins, 1761. Paul Loyall, 1762. Archibald Campbell, 1763. Lewis Hansford, 1764. Maximilian Calvert, 1765. James Taylor,
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1766. George Abyvon, 1767. Cornelius Cal- vert, 1768. Maximilian Calvert, 1769. Charles ; Thomas. 1770. George Abyvon, 1771. Paul Loyall, 1772. Charles Thomas, 1773. George Abyvon, 1774. Paul Loyall, 1775 (the records do not show how long he served). James Taylor. 1778 (whose term expired in June). Cornelius Calvert, 1778. George Abyvon. 1779. Thomas Newton, Jr., 1780. Paul Loyall, 1781. James Taylor, 1782. George Kelly. 1783. Robert Taylor, 1784. Cary H. Hansford. 1785. Thomas Newton, Jr., 1786. Benjamin Pollard, 1787. George Kelly, 1788 (he was the last mayor that presided over the Common Council : on the 9th of August. 1788. the Common Council was presided over, for the first time, by its first president, Richard E. Lee, Esq. ; a court of aldermen was then estab- lished and the mayor presided over it, and was thereafter elected by the aldermen ). Robert Taylor, 1789. James Taylor. 1790. John Boush, 1791. Cary H. Hansford, 1791. : Thomas Newton, Jr., 1792. Robert Taylor. 1793. Thomas Newton, Jr., 1794 ( served two months). James Ramsey. 1794. Seth Foster,
1795. Samuel Moseley, 1796. George Lov- all, 1797. Baylor Hill, 1798. John K. Read, 1799. Seth Foster, 1800. John Cowper, 1801. William Vaughan, 1802. Thomas H. Ezra T. Summers, 1855. Finley Ferguson, Parker, 1803. Miles King, 1804. Luke . 1856. William W. Lamb, 1858; also in 1860
Wheeler, 1805. Thomas H. Parker, 1806.
Richard E. Lee, ISo7. John E. Holt, 1808. United States military authorities entered Nor-
Miles King. ISog. William B. Lamb, ISIO.
Miles King, Jr .. ISII. William B. Lamb, 1812. Miles King, Jr., 1813. William B. Lamb, 1814. John E. Holt, 1815. William B. Lamb, 1816. John E. Holt, 1817. (served four months less
gate, 1820 (served two days and resigned). John E. Holt, 1820. George W. Camp. 1821 (served three days and resigned). John E. Holt. 1821. John Tabb. 1822 (served four days and resigned). John E. Holt, 1822. William B. Lamb, 1823 ( served a few days and resigned ). John E. Holt. 1823. William A. Armistead. 1824 (served a few days and resigned ). John E. Holt. 1824. John Tabb, 1825 (served three days and resigned). John E. Holt, 1825. Isaac Talbot. 1826 (served five days and resigned). John E. Holt. 1826. Daniel C. Berraud, 1827 ( served three days and resigned). John E. Holt, 1827. George T. Kennon, 1828 (served four days and resigned). Jolin E. Holt, 1828. Thomas Williamson, 1829 (served two days and resigned). John E. Holt. 1829. Giles B. Cook, 1830 (served IO days and resigned). John E. Holt, 1830. Wright Southgate. 1831 (served 10 days and resigned). John E. Holt, 1831. John E. Holt ( 19th term). no record of any intervening elec- tion,-he died in office October 12. 1832. Miles King, 1832-43. W. D. Delaney. 1843- 51. Simon S. Stubbs. 1851. Hunter Woodis, 1853. Simon S. Stubbs. 1854. Hunter Woodis. 1855 (he died in office in the fall of the same year, a victim of the yellow fever ).
and 1862, and was serving as mayor when the
folk. William H. Brooks. 1863. Janies L.
Belote, 1864. Thomas C. Tabb. 1865. Will- iam W. Lamb, 1866. John R. Ludlow, 1866- 68. Francis DeCordy. 1868-70. John B. Whitehead, 1870-72. John R. Ludlow, 1872- 74. John B. Whitehead. 1874-76. John S.
one day, and resigned). James Taylor, 1817 ( served one day and resigned ). ( The resigna- Tucker. 1876-80. William Lamb, 1880-86. Barton Myers, 1886-88. R. G. Banks, 1888- March 7, 1890. E. M. Henry, March 7-June 30, 1890. Frank Morris, July 1. 1890: died January 13. 1892. S. Marx. January 18. 1892. June 30. 1892. A. B. Cooke, 1892-94. Charles WE. Pettit. 1894-96. W. R. Mayo, 1806-08. C. Brooks Johnston, 1898-1900; re-elected 1000 tion of Mayor Holt one day before his term ex- pired made him eligible to the office for the suc- ceeding term.) John E. Holt. 1817 (served one year, less one day). John Tabb, ISIS (served one day and resigned ). John E. Holt. 1818 (served one year less one day). Wright Southgate, 1819 (served one day and re- signed ). John E. Holt, 1819. Wright South- , for term of two years : resigned May 14, 1901.
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Nathaniel Beaman elected to fill unexpired term, May 14. 1901.
Norfolk City is governed under a charter which provides for a mayor ; a legislative coun- cil composed of two bodies, an upper or "select" council, and a lower or "common" council; a judge of the Corporation Court : a judge of the Court of Law and Chancery; a police judge ; justices of the peace : a treasurer ; and auditor ; a collector ; a commissioner of the revenue; an engineer ; a city attorney ; a school board for the department of public education : a board of street, sewer and drain commissioners ; a board ; of electrical control ; a board of health ; a quar- antine board; also governing boards of the water. fire and police departments, etc.
Some of these boards have large powers and, while they are all subordinate to the Coun- cils in most matters, in some things the Board of Education has independent powers under the charter.
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