The History of Washington County in the Vermont historical gazetteer : including a county chapter and the local histories of the towns of Montpelier., Part 143

Author: Hemenway, Abby Maria, 1828-1890
Publication date: 1882
Publisher: Montpelier, Vt. : Vermont Watchman and State Journal Press
Number of Pages: 1064

USA > Vermont > Washington County > Montpelier > The History of Washington County in the Vermont historical gazetteer : including a county chapter and the local histories of the towns of Montpelier. > Part 143

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" Voted, That town meetings hereafter shall be held at the new town house in Worcester," which was built in 1845, and since that time town meetings have been held in the spacious town hall under the Congregational meeting-house. .

SCHOOLS.

We have no records of before the seco organization. After that, the people once gave the subject their earnest atte tion. It was

" Voted, in April, 1821, to have one scho district"; March, 1823, to divide the toy into three school districts; and Marc 1824, a committee of three was appoint to re-district the town, and the same d the town was divided into four school d tricts :

District No. 1 : Eleazer Hutchinson, D vid Poor, J. P. B. Ladd, Artemas Ric ardson, - Hammet, (probably LeAS ard Hamblet) J. Hubbard, O. L. Smit Oliver Watson, Hezekiah Mills, - Pc ter, Wm. Arbuckle, W. Foster, J. Hi Jonas Abbott.

District No. 2: A. Rice, Amasa Brow J. Robinson, Allen Vail, Eben. S. Ke logg, Ophir Leonard, John Clark, Fran lin Johnson, Ashley Collins, A. V. Smit his

District No. 3 : Benson. A. A Brown, - Hinkson, (probably Wm. Thomas Reed, Jr., Tristram Worthen.

District No. 4 .- Jesse Flint, Matthia Folsom, Samuel Upham, J. Griffin, Clough, Nathan Abbott, Wm. Bennet A. Bennett, Flint Gove, Frizzle Perrin David Folsom. The report was signed b Amasa Brown for committee.

The first record of number of familie and scholars was made March, 1829, an returned by the district clerks were : Dis trict No. 1, 13 families, 33 scholars ; dis trict No. 2, 9 families, 22 scholars ; dis trict 3, 6 families, 18 scholars ; district 4 15 families, 41 scholars ; not in limits c any district, 1 family and 4 scholars ; total 44 families and 118 scholars.

At the present time there are 9 district and one fractional, belonging to a Mid dlesex district. The last returns wer Apr. 1, 1878 ; families, 191 ; scholars, 27 1

There are 9 school-houses in town, il which are schools from 10 to 12 weeks summer and winter.

POUNDS.

The town has owned two Pounds. The first, a log one, built according to a vote o the town, 1822, " That a pound be buil

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we do the fery man turning out the 15th of June xt." It was located on the east side of le road, on the meadow south of Henry . Hunt's barn. The story is told that is pound after awhile got out of repair nd the gate fallen down, so there was ree ingress and egress ; and the cattle of he neighborbood, taking advantage of he situation, found a warm yard in which hey could lie. In course of time, the ground within the enclosure became en- iched, and Mr. C., who lived near by, thinking it would bear good corn, plough- ed up the enclosure, planted it and fenced an the gateway. The corn grew, and m here was a prospect of a big yield; but his hopes were destined to be blasted. "When it was just right to roast, somebody supposed to be the " hatters ") harvested it in the night, leaving Mr. C. nothing for his pains.

The second was built in 1836, the town appropriating $30. It was walled with stone, hewed timbers on the top ; a little south of the first, on the other side of the road, near the "town brook." It was used occasionally, as was the first, to get up quarrels and lawsuits among the neigh- bors until about 1850; the stone of which it was made was used to repair the high- way.

Since that time, various barnyards have been constituted pounds from year to year, by vote of the town, but no case of im- ounding an animal has occurred for many ears.

March 2, 1847, the town was called on to vote license or no license, and in that year and three following years, the vote stood : 1847, license, 55, no license, 29 ; 1848, yea, 58, nay, 40 ; 1849, yea, 28, nay, 3; 1850, yea 51, nay, 38.

At a meeting of the selectmen of Wor- 3 Ater, Mar. 15, 1851,

Voted, to license Henry B. Brown to sell pure alcohol, brandy and wine, for the time of one year from this date, under the following restrictions, viz. : Ist, the said Brown shall at all times keep a just and accurate account of all purchases and sales. 2d, to sell only as a medicine. 3d, to sell none to be drank in or about the store. 4th, allowed to sell to none who are in the

habit of using it as a beverage, without a certificate from a physician. Edwin C. Watson, Abel Whitney, Horace Carpenter, selectmen.

At a meeting of the board of selectmen of Worcester, Mar. 19, 1852,

Voted, to grant Cyrus Brown license to keep a public inn and sell therein victuals, all kinds of fruits, small beer and cider for the term of one year from this date. Frank- lin Johnson, Samuel P. Alexander, Joseph Ford, selectmen.

Tithingmen were occasionally chosen at the early town meetings, David Poor in 1822, but they soon appear to have gone out of fashion.

The first, or old burying-ground was across the road from the present one. There is no record of the old ground. The second one was laid out under a vote of the town passed in March, 1831; I acre ; surveyed by Milton Brown. The first bodies buried in it were those removed from the old ground.

In 1873, the town purchased about 3} acres of P. A. Kemp, Esq., for $300, en- closing the old ground on three sides, which was surveyed and laid in lots and driveways by James K. Tobey, Esq., of Calais. It contains in all 303 lots, and the whole together makes a commodious and beautiful cemetery, of which the town may justly be proud.

March, 1831, the town voted not to tax Abner Dugar for the time being, he being blind.

Before the farms were cleared, lumber- ing and shingle-making were much in vogue, but the land, as soon as cleared and planted, produced large crops of po- tatoes; so it used to be said, with the Worcester people, lumber, shingles and potatoes were considered as " legal ten- der." Since the early saw-mills were built, there have been several in operation during the whole time. The old " up and down " saws have all given place to the improved " circular " mills, of which the town now has five, with several others just over the border.

Immense quantities of logs are cut in Worcester every year, which are sawed, planed and matched for market. At first

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there was an abundance of pine trees, which have disappeared, and spruce, hem- lock and several kinds of hard wood now furnish the material for lumber.

It is related of some of the earlier in- habitants, when the town was in large part owned by non-residents, they were in the habit of buying of the proprietors, for a trifle, the pine trees which had fallen down on their lands, and getting them man- ufactured into lumber, or making shingles for sale. To make the business more profitable, it is said that some felled such fine trees as they wished to buy, and suf- fering them to lie a year or two, included them in the windfalls, and sometimes did not even wait for the trees to grow old before hauling them to mill. At one period, a large portion of the lands were held by Alex. Ladd, who lived in New Hampshire, and titles being uncertain, other parties sought to acquire a right in the same lands by " squatting," which led to much litigation in regard to the pos- session. A large portion of the inhabi- tants were at one time engaged for one party or the other in their endeavors to hold the land. The controversy culminat- ed in what is known as the lumber war.

As the story is told by those conversant with the matter, some parties had bought the pine trees on a portion of the disputed territory in the north part of the town, and commenced to cut and draw. The agents for the other parties claiming the lands, set to work to prevent this. They felled trees across the roads, cut up the logs, and used all means, except personal vio- lence, in their power to hinder the work. One man is said to have ruined a nice ax in cutting out the iron pins of a sled during the darkness of the night, and as the ex- citement increased, the friends of either party came to their assistance, until quite a company was arrayed on either side. They held the ground night and day for several days, and there was much hard words and loud talk. But during the whole excitement, it is said, there was only one clinch, and in that struggle, the man who came uppermost in the fall was compelled to call lustily to his friends to " take that

man off from him," while himself was t

echd at the top. The first party succeeded getting out a portion of their logs, the dispute was eventually settled by courts. The lumbering job was, howe done at a loss in a pecuniary view to tls engaged in it.

Mr. Ladd, by his agent, Judge Loors of Montpelier, had put one Gilman Ir menter on to the lot of land in the S corner of the town, where James M. Go now lives, to hold possession agains Mr. Spear, who also claimed it. Parmenter built a log shanty, and mo in before he had put the roof on it. € day, when Mr. Parmenter was gone fr home, leaving his wife to keep possessi some of Mr. Spear's agents attempted get possession by climbing into the closure, but Mrs. Parmenter, comprehe! ing the responsibility resting on her, v equal to the emergency. Hastily placi a ladder against the wall, she seized 1e tea-kettle, which was full of boiling wat and with this weapon ascended the ladd and made such good use of it, that t intruders were compelled to hastily treat, leaving the plucky woman in po session of the premises. The matter title to this, as well as the aforemention lands, was finally settled by the courts Mr. Ladd's favor.

HAT MANUFACTORY.

When the town was new and fur-bearil animals plenty, a hat manufactory w established, and the business of ha making carried on several years. TI building was on the farm now owned an occupied by George D. Tewksbury. Ha making was carried on several years b Edmund Blood, who came from Bolton Mass., went into the heart of the wilde: ness, off from any road, put up a factor boarding-house, and other necessary bu ings, gathered his help, some say from 1/ to 100, and went to work making hats fo the gentry. The road at this time wa over the river west from the building Judging from the stories told, we thin] his hands employed were a great elemen in the social part of community and ir town-meetings.

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Just what year Mr. Blood came here, we do not know, but find he purchased the land in 1828. He died previous to Apr. 1831, as we find by the records, and the hat business was not continued long afterwards. The old hat factory was taken down in 1849 by A. L. Vail, and the ma- terials used in the erection of a dwelling house in the village. Mr. Andrew A. Sweet, of Montpelier, could probably tell the story of the hat business better than any other man living.

Tanning was carried on several years. In 1849, Ebenezer Frizzell came from Berlin, and bought of John Clark the mill and water privilege where H. T. Clark's mill now stands, and built a tannery. Edwin C. Watson was associated with Mr. Frizzell a short time in the business, which they afterward sold to Simon Wheeler, of Plainfield. During quite a number of years, Mr. Wheeler and Nathan W. Frye, from Woburn, Mass., carried on the business, employing several hands. About 1861, the tannery was burned, and was never rebuilt.

The knitting business was a source of considerable income to many families for several years. It was commenced by Mrs. Artemas Richardson, and when she moved away, was continued by Mrs. Frances E. Celley, chiefly for the firm of H. B. Claflin & Co., of New York, and kept many women and children industrious, returning an in- come of several thousands of dollars.

Exporting raspberries was for a few seasons carried on quite extensively. From 1866 to about '74, it was an income to the women and children. From 2 to 8 tons per season were shipped from here to the Boston market, mostly by Templeton & Vail, merchants, for 4 to 6 cents per lb.

There are (1878) in town some 170 dwelling-houses, 2 meeting-houses, I store, I hotel, the Worcester House, 5 saw-mills, 3 blacksmith-shops, I grist-mill, 9 school- houses, I post-office, a town clerk's office and town hall. There are also a " Grand Army Post," a " Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry," and a "Lodge of Good Templars." The village has some forty dwelling-houses.

POST OFFICE,

for statistics, we are indebted to Hon. Charles Lyman, formerly of Montpelier, and for many years chief of the dead letter department of the P. O. Department, Washington. An office was established here Jan. 5, 1828. The inhabitants had before procured, what little mail matter they received, at Montpelier.

Amos Rice was appointed first postmas- ter, Jan. 5, 1828 ; Amos Rice, Jr., Mar. 5, 1828; Rufus Reed, Jr., Jan. 31, 1831 ; Samuel Andrews, Nov. 2, 1832; Jonas Abbott, April 1, 1847; Oliver A. Stone, Sept. 18, 1853; Thaddeus B. Ladd, Aug. 25, 1854; Charles C. Abbott, April 13, 1861, who is the present incumbent-1879.

John Rice, son of Amos Rice, was the first mail carrier ; and it has been stated that at the first he carried the mail in his hat-now there are some 300 copies of newspapers and magazines taken in town. After a good road was worked through the town to Elmore, the mail was carried through here to the towns north ; and sub- sequently the route from Montpelier and the south, to St. Albans, was through this town, and continued so until the Central Vt. R. R. was built. We now have a daily mail (Sunday excepted,) by stage from Montpelier to and from Morrisville.

TOWN CLERKS.

John Young, 1803, 4 ; Samuel B. Stone, 1805; Carpus Clark, 1806-10, also 1812 and part 1813 ; Cyrus Brigham, 1811 ; part 1813, all 1814-15 ; none 1816 to 20 ; Amasa Brown, 1821, 2d organization ; Artemas Richardson, 1822; Ebenezer S. Kellogg, 1823, 4, 5; Ophir Leonard, 1826, 7, 8; Nathan Adams, 1829, 30; Amos Rice, 1831-40, 1842-46, 15 years ; Daniel Adams, 1841 ; Samuel Andrews, 1847-54; Thad- deus B. Ladd, 1855-60 ; Job E. Macomber, 1861-64, part 1865; Charles C. Abbott, since Nov. 4, 1865, deceased in 1881.

TOWN REPRESENTATIVES.

James Green, 1808 ; Carpus Clark, 1809- II, 13; Elisha B. Green, 1812; Cyrus Brigham, 1814, 15; none, 1816-22 ; Allen Vail, 1822, 3 ; Amos Rice, 1824; Samuel Hubbard, 1825; none, 1826; Nathan Adams, 1827, 8 ; Milton Brown, 1829-32,

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34, 37, 50; Daniel Adams, 1833; Joel Newton, 1835, 6; Jacob Cushman, 1838, 9 ; Farris Leonard, 1840, I ; Moses Folsom, 1842, 3; none, 1844, 5 ; Allen L. Vail, 1846, 72, 73; none, 1847; George W. Leavitt, 1848 ; Nathaniel A. Kelley, 1851, 2 ; Phineas A. Kemp, 1853, 69-72 ; none, 1854; Rodney Jones, 1855; Chauncey Hunt, 1856, 7 ; Horatio Templeton, 1858, 9 ; Thomas Hutchinson, 1860, 61 ; Edwin C. Watson, 1862, 3; Job E. Macomber, 1864, 5 ; Mark P. Ladd, 1866; Heman A. Hancock, 1867, 8; none, 1874, 5 ; Horace P. Darling, 1876, 7; Augustus A. Bliss, 1878, 9.

There have been many exciting contests over the election of representative ; but probably only one " contested" in the Legislature, which was in 1814 or 1815. The story of that is thus told: Early in the seasón a careful canvass, probably not made public at the time, showed that there were just 9 voters in town. At freeman's meeting two candidates were presented, Cyrus Brigham and Amasa Brown. A short time previous to the first Tuesday in September, however, two brothers named Goodell had signified their inten- tion of going West, and actually did leave the town, as was supposed by some for good. They were strong Brigham men, and their absence was viewed with much complacency by Mr. Brown and his friends. Freeman's meeting day came, the voting commenced, and the appearances were that Mr. Brown would win; until, unex- pectedly to some, the Messrs. Goodell ap -* peared on the scene, having come from Stowe, over the mountain through the forest, and offered their votes. The con- stable, who was a " Brown man," refused to receive their votes, however, claiming as they had left town they were not legal voters. Mr. Brigham took their votes . and put them in his pocket. Counting them, Mr. Brigham had 5 votes and Mr. Brown 4. If they were rejected, Mr. Brown had a majority. Both men made their appearance at the Legislature when it convened, and the matter was left to that body for a decision. Mr. Brigham held his seat.

PHYSICIANS.

The first resident physician was Dr JAMES S. SKINNER. Just when he came w do not know ; probably about 1830. Th records show he bought a place there Jan. 1833, he was married to Julia Anr. daughter of Allen Vail, Esq., and soo after removed to Michigan, where he sti resides. He was succeeded by Dr. IR R. ROOD, who had lived here several year before studying medicine. Dr. Rood mai ried Jane, daughter of Samuel and Jan Andrews, Sept. 7, 1834. He practiced h profession here until 1846, when he re moved to Wisconsin and died there. DI BUCKLEY O. TYLER was the next, comin in 1848 or '9. During the interval bo tween Dr. Rood and Dr. Tyler the peop were obliged to go to Montpelier for physician, as they also had been previou to Dr. Skinner's coming to town.

Dr. THADDEUS B. LADD bought ou Dr. Tyler in 1851. He was born in towi being a son of J. P. B. Ladd, and grad- uated at Woodstock in 1850, in the same class with Dr. George Nichols, present Secretary of State.

Dr. Ladd was a man of excellent judg ment, and bid fair to rise to eminence i his chosen profession during the few year of his active labor. In 1854, a spinal di ficulty developed itself, and for seven lon years he was a great sufferer from, tha disease, which brought him to his grave He was postmaster and town clerk sever: years ; was born Aug. 9, 1826; marrie Harriet N., daughter of Rev. Carey Rus sell, December 5, 1850, and died Decen ber 13, 1861.

LUCIAN VAIL ABBOTT, son of Deaco Jonas Abbott, was born May 24, 1832. 19, he commenced the study of med with Dr. Ladd, and graduated at ... stock, June, 1854, with the highest honor of his class. He did not live to practic his profession, consumption claiming hil as a victim. He died May 26, 1855.

Dr. JOB E. MACOMBER, a graduate ( Castleton, commenced here in 1856, an practiced 10 years in this town. He wa born in East Montpelier ; married Marse L., youngest daughter of J. P. B. Ladd

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une 12, 1858 ; removed to Montpelier in 866, where he still resides.

Dr. OLIVER L. WATSON, son of Oliver Vatson, born in this town May 1, 1828, ucceeded Dr. Macomber, continuing only art of a year, when he sold out to Dr. Harris. Dr. Watson married Nancy L., laughter of Leonard Darling, Aug. 18, 852. He now resides in West Topsham. Dr. N. M. HARRIS was a son of Daniel Harris, one of the first settlers of the east art of this town, and was born in Calais, oming to this town with his father when uite young. He married Mary E. Frink, f Milford, Mass., and they are now (1879) iving on the same place where his father rst settled in town. In 1876, he sold his practice to Dr. CHAUNCEY N. HUNT, who the now practicing physician. Dr. Hunt s a son of Chauncey Hunt; born in this own Apr. 17, 1851 ; graduated at Burling- on, 1875, and was married to Jennie F., laughter of A. S. Emery, Sept. 28, 1875. Dr. Watson and Dr. Harris both also graduated at Burlington.

NEIGHBORHOODS.

Hampshire Hill, so called, being mostly ettled from New Hampshire-many from Acworth and Alstead. It is the geograph- cal center of the town, at the foot of the mountain range, and comprises school listrict No. 8, with a few families in No. 2. The first beginning was made on the south nd by Artemas Richardson, F. Johnson nd E. S. Kellogg. Before 1830, the New Hampshire people came, and the hill was ettled as far north as it ever has been. oel Newton, John Brigham, Wm. H.and" John H. Cooper, Daniel A. and David L. Frost, Daniel Adams, Aaron Kemp, Joseph Evans, Ophir Leonard, Nath'l. S. Morley, Alex. Dingwall and Horace H. Collier, and perhaps others we do not remember, were the first to make permanent homes on the hill ; substantial, honored citizens. A few of their descendants still live on the places their fathers cleared.

" MINISTER BROOK," now school dis- rict No. 4, was early settled from various ocalities. O. L. Smith, Cyrus Crocker, Jonas Abbott, Matthias Folsom, Daniel and Richard Colby, Samuel Upham, Ed-

ward and John Clough, Joel H. Temple- ton, Abraham, Ephraim and Jesse Abbott, Luther Hunt and others were among its early settlers.

WEST HILL, district No. 7, had David Folsom, B. F. Stone, William and Samuel Hall and others. The east part of the town from Putnam's Mills to Calais, and so north, had for early settlers : Gilmore Parmenter, Caleb Ormsby, Elias Bascom, Asa Fisher, Gload Dugar, Thayer Towns- hend, Benj. Lathrop, Daniel Harris, J. P. B. Ladd, Jacob Baldwin and others.

Wm. Hinkson and Tristram Worthen, with their families of 6 children each, set- tled in the extreme north part of the town. There were probably many among the early inhabitants whose names we have not learned. Those who came before Amasa Brown, from 1797, and left before 1818 or '19, as far as we know, never re- turned. Mrs. Olive Brown Johnson, a daughter of Amasa Brown, who came here with her father in 1812, has given the writer some information in regard to those who came here during the first or- ganization, and where they were located previous to their leaving town. Accord- ing to her recollection, Cyrus Brigham then lived on the Whitney farm, where L. M. Hutchinson now lives, a man named Farnsworth on the Leonard Hamblet place, Daniel Colby where Mr. Seaver now re- sides. The Dea. Poor place was then called the Lyon place, but no one lived there. Two families by the name of Green (Elisha and James, probably) lived on the place where P. A. Kemp now lives, Carpus Clark on a part of the Brown farm now owned by Chauncey Hunt, John Ridlon where Henry E. Hunt resides, and Henry Goodell on Mr. H. A. Hancock's farm, and in 1818-'19, Mr. Brown's family had no neighbors nearer than the Stiles' place in Middlesex, where C. L. Hunt now lives.

Ohio was being opened up to settlers, and the good stories coming from there induced those discouraged here to seek that more favored region. Nearly all mentioned as living here at that time em- igrated to Ohio.

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Mr. Brown was born in Templeton, Mass., Apr. 23, 1770; about 1792, was married to Sybil Stoddard, of Winchendon, Mass. ; born June 20, 1772. Feb. 1807, they removed from Massachusetts to Mont- pelier, residing there until April, 1812, when they came to Worcester, and settled on the place where they continued as long as they lived. When they settled here, a clearing of some 10 or 12 acres had been made and a log-house built. The house had one glass window only at this time, and stood where the ell part of the present house stands.

Mr. Brown purchased his place of Elisha B. Green. There were then no bridges across the river between Montpelier and Worcester, and as the road then went, it crossed the river twice near where Leonard Hamblet lives, so people had to cross on the ice in winter and ford the stream in the summer. Mrs. Johnson says, when she was about 9 years of age, in March, 1815, her father went to Montpelier with a horse and sleigh, taking her with him. After transacting his business, he started to return home, and it being a thawing time, the river had become swollen so the water ran over the ice at the crossings. They made the first crossing, but when they came to the second, the water was running so deeply and swiftly above the ice it seemed impossible to cross. Mr. Brown told his little danghter he saw no way except to commend themselves to the care of God and make the attempt. It was just as unsafe to try to return, and telling her to cling tight to the sleigh, he went up the stream as far as possible and plunged in. The current was so strong, the sleigh was carried down below the horse, which compelled him to keep his head nearly up the stream, the water filling the sleigh. When they reached the other shore they were some rods farther down the stream than where they entered it. When again on firm ground, Mr. Brown stopped and thanked God that they had been pre- served, and then proceeded homeward.

When Mr. Brown was left by all his neighbors in full possession of the town, he took advantage of the situation to im-

prove his own pecuniary interests. He had at this time a few sheep, a yoke of oxen and three cows. Having the whole range of the cleared land on which to keep his stock, he went to Montpelier and hirec four or five more cows, for which he paid $4 per year each beside their keeping, and together with his own turned them on the town. He found a ready sale for all his butter among the families in Montpelier a 13 c. per pound ; fed the milk to his hogs. raising pork for sale, and so prospered ir worldly affairs, turning the misfortunes o: his less enduring neighbors to his owr benefit. In 1818 or 19, Mrs. Brown's father died in Massachusetts, and Mr Brown was sent for to help in settling the estate. He made the journey on horse back, of which he said, when traveling through New Hampshire, he stopped ove night at a tavern where quite a company was collected. During the evening as th different persons were engaged in telling stories in regard to their several localities Mr. Brown sat and listened without saying anything, until some one of the compan turned to him with the remark, that h believed they had all told where they be longed but him. He replied that he live in Worcester, Vermont. Oh! said th other., I have heard of Worcester. I hav heard that all the inhabitants of that tow except a Mr. Brown left the place, an that he has thrown his family on the towr The story you have heard is true, said Mi B. My name is Brown, and there is n other family living in Worcester but m ownI. As Mr. Brown's place was abot half way from Montpelier to Elmore, h had frequent applications from traveller for refreshments. These applications b came so numerous, that in 1815 or I( according to the recollections of Mr: Johnson, he concluded to open a tavern and entertain travellers. Accordingly, 1 give notice to the public, he put up " sign," and opened the first tavern ev kept in Worcester. His sign was a smoof board, on which he marked in large lette with red chalk, "Good Cider For Sa Here," and he nailed it up in front of h log house. Travellers were entertained

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The History of Washington County in the Vermont historical gazetteer : including a county chapter and the local histories of the towns of Montpelier., Part 143

Author: Hemenway, Abby Maria, 1828-1890 Publication date: 1882 Publisher: Montpelier, Vt. : Vermont Watchman and State Journal Press Number of Pages: 1064

Author: Hemenway, Abby Maria, 1828-1890
Publication date: 1882
Publisher: Montpelier, Vt. : Vermont Watchman and State Journal Press
Number of Pages: 1064