USA > Washington > Spokane County > An illustrated history of Spokane county, state of Washington > Part 22
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103
"Conchology .- Mrs. Mary P. Olney. re- siding on Ninth avenue, has arranged and gen- erously donated to the high school, five hun- dred specimens of mollusca. This fine gift has been placed in the exhibit room of the high
I31
HISTORY OF SPOKANE COUNTY.
school building. Mrs. Olney is an expert con- chologist herself, having been formerly con- nected with the Rochester Society of Natural Sciences, and a corresponding member of all the leading eastern academies of science, in- cluding the Smithsonian Institute. Under her leadership and instruction, a number of the teachers of Spokane schools have formed themselves into a class for the study of shells."
Mrs. Olney is not able to do as much now as in past years on account of advanced age, but her interest is as genuine as ever it was.
During 1893-94 manual training was in- troduced and developed in quite a satisfactory manner under Prof. E. J. Faust. In his re- port he says : "I take pardonable pride in re- porting on the work done in this department during the year past. At the beginning of the ycar, the large spacious apartment in the base- ment of the high school building was fitted up into a wood-working shop, a section of which was utilized for a draughting department. Working benches have been put up to accom- modate sixteen boys at a time, while a number of girls enlisted themselves for a course in wood-carving. The board of education de- serves much praise in showing itself so liberal in the cause of manual training, for the gener- ous provisions it has given to its furtherance. The shop has been amply equipped with the best of tools, to which subsequently has been added a combination lathe with circular saw and scroll-saw. All the pupils supplied themselves with drawing boards, set-squares and draught- ing instruments, and the work was begun. In- struction in mechanical drawing, shop instruc- tion, and work at the bench alternated through- out the year. The work at the bench consisted in light carpentry and joinery. Lessons were given on the structure of wood. the principles of the different tools and their action, lining and measuring, the framing-square and its uses, all of which was practiced in graded ex- ercises and in preparing wood for use. In mechanical drawing the pupils were taught the
principles of working-drawings, their techni- calities and conventionalities until they could readily read and execute working-sketches and working-drawings. The time spent by the boys in the work shop was devoted by the girls' class to wood-carving. The pupils first went through a series of graded exercises, and after acquiring a knowledge of the handling of the tools, passed on to the carving of frames and panels in oak and walnut, and articles of use- designs being taken either from plaster casts or cuts, or originating their own. So great has been the love for work, that it was almost a daily occurrence to find them busy long after hours." It is to be regretted that lack of funds has necessitated the discontinuance of this important department of work for some time. But it is well known that the superintendent and directors are hearty believers in its utility, and that it will be resumed as soon as the treas- ury will justify it.
SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY.
The superintendent's report for 1894 re- fers to the organization of the "Spokane Sci- entific Society," for the purpose of prosecuting . the study of the sciences. Though not a part of the school work the membership is largely made up of the teachers of the public schools. The society was organized primarily through the efforts of Mrs. Mary P. Olney, the conchol- ogist. The following were the first officers and leaders : D. Bemiss, president; Miss Eli- zabeth Hawley, vice-president ; Roy H. Clarke, secretary; Mrs. E. L. Hard, treasurer : Mrs. Mary P. Olney, custodian. Leaders of sub- sections are : Conchology, Mrs. Mary P. Ol- ney; botany, Miss Kate B. Reed; physics, J. B. Walker ; entomology, Miss Maggie C. Brown; geology, Roy H. Clarke. The members of the sub-sections meet for study and investigation and the entire body holds monthly sessions, when lectures are delivered on scientific sub- jects. This society has not been as active dur- ing recent years as it once was. This is attrib-
132
HISTORY OF SPOKANE COUNTY.
utable in part to the fact that the duties of teachers become more and more exacting.
The report of Superintendent D. Bemiss, at the close of the school year in 1898, is so much in the nature of a reveiw of the progress of the city schools during his administration of nine years, that we deem it advisable to submit herewith copious extracts therefrom. He says :
"The past year has been the most prosper- ous one in the history of our schools since my connection with them as superintendent, now in my tenth year of service.
"Nine years ago a six-room frame building and a four-room brick building were the only school houses within the then city limits. A church basement and two or three rented store
rooms completed the school accommodations. Fifteen teachers were sufficient to instruct the youth of the city.
"Today there are ten brick and three frame school houses with a seating capacity for four thousand five hundred children. A corps of one hundred and four teachers is employed to give instruction, and more will be needed in the immediate future.
"The completeness of our school equip- ment and the character of the school work are matters of surprise to our eastern friends."
The rapid development of our school sys- tem is best exhibited by the following table of comparative statistics covering a period of nine years, from 1889 to June, 1898:
1889-90
1890-91
1891-92
1892-93
1893-94
1894-95
1895-96
1896-97
1897-98
Population of city.
23,602
25,000
26,000
28,000
28,000
30,000
35,000
37,000
40,000
School census between five
3,283
3,721
4,078
4,610
4,113
4,799
5,561
5,931
6,091
Whole number enrolled ...
2,784
3,831
4,209
4,323
4,703
4,412
5,314
6,528
7,162
Number received by transfer Numb'r received less transfer
619
1,122
1,263
1,115
1,375
1,020
1,714
2,357
2,316
2,165
2,709
2,946
3,208
3,328
3,392
3,600
4,171
4,846
Whole number boys enrolled Whole number girls enrolled Total number days attend-
1,090
1,368
1,499
1,631
1,631
1,655
1,746
2,018
2,377
1,075
1,341
1,477
1,577
1,697
1,737
1,854
2,153
2,469
154,351
290,957
376,417
399,809 2,216
466,071 2,626
2,661
2,809
3,103
3,656
1,158
1,614
1,981
2,077
2,506
2,551
2,692
2,941
3,465
Per cent of attendance on number belonging .
90.20
93.76
95.02
93.45 190
95 62
95.87
95.42 170
95.04
94.36
Number days of school.
190
180
190
180
No. visitors exclusive of those attending special exercises of the school.
657
1,685
3,210
2,078
3,786
3,587
4,989 29
5,676
5,335
Number of suspensions.
28
26
20
28
24
32
23
34
Average number of days by each child on enrollment.
71,29
107.40 45
127.77 55
60
70
71
127.08 76
126.90
138.47
Total number of teachers ...
26
83
104
During the previous year there had been a change in the principalship of the high school, Prof. J. W. Walker, a teacher of good parts, after seven years of efficient service, was suc- ceeded by Prof. C. S. Kingston. The superin- tendent refers to the new principal in the fol- lowing commendable terms: "Prof. Kingston and his corps of assistants have ably dis- charged the duties assigned each, and unitedly have made for our high school department the past year, an enviable record."
He refers to the Normal Training School as follows : "Inorder to afford opportunities for professional work, and to open the way for the employment of more of our graduates, as well as to secure experienced workmen, the training school was established at the beginning of the present school year. We must either shut our doors altogether against the employment of our graduates, or take them without pro- fessional training and develop them at the ex- pense of the pupils, or afford the means through
459,218
457,516
529,336
622,573
ance by all the children. . Average number belonging . Average daily attendance ..
1,288
1,722
2,088
190
180
180
124.62
140.04
135 38
and twenty-one years ...
*
I33
HISTORY OF SPOKANE COUNTY.
the training school for their proper equipment. The board chose the last plan, and we believe wisely. A two years' course of study and practice has been established for this school. The first year the graduate, or junior cadet, observes the work of other teachers, takes charge of occasional classes, and is assigned such other practical duties as may from time to time arise. In addition to this practice work, the junior cadet receives special instruc- tion from the training teacher in methods, and in school management, also work along the lines of music, drawing, and other special studies. The junior cadet receives no compen- sation. After the graduate has served one year as junior cadet, or if a graduate of a nor- mal school, without other experience, he is ranked as senior cadet, and is placed in charge of a room on half salary. Advanced instruc- tion in methods and school management con- tinues. The history of education and other pedagogical studies are required. A training teacher is given in charge of six cadets, a junior and senior cadet being placed in each school room."
Another forward movement is referred to, viz .: the Kindergarten: "The present year has marked another onward step in the educa- tional progress of our schools. The board, at the solicitation of the ladies of the kindergar- ten associations, and other patrons, voted to adopt the kindergarten as part of the school system of the city. Two schools were opened. It was somewhat in the nature of an experiment -the future development of the plan depending on the degree of success attained by the initial schools." Later reports will show that the movement met an urgent need.
In his report of 1892 Superintendent Bemiss urged the importance of providing school li- braries at the earliest possible time. Here are some of his wholesome expressions: "If you can direct the reading of the rising generation you control in a large measure their future. One of the most powerful forces exerted
through the schools, when they are properly equipped with books, is that exerted through the selection of elevating and inspiring literature." In his report for 1898 he is able to say : "This year Spokane has made an effective beginning in the matter of securing libraries for nearly all of our school buildings. Prof. J. Heaton, chair- man of the library committee, and member of the board of directors, secured the passage of a resolution by the board early in the school year offering to duplicate any and all sums of money raised by any school in the city for the purchase of books for a library. Stimulated by this offer, the different schools arranged various plans for raising funds. The result has been that all our larger schools and two of the small ones have a nucleus of a library al- ready collected in their respective buildings. The teachers in each building made out a list of desirable books and sent said list to the com- mittee on library appointed by the board.
"This committee went over these lists care- fully in revision and ordered selections from them for the different schools. Commodious book cases have been placed in each building for the proper preservation of the books. A librarian was chosen by the teachers for each school and a system of drawing similar to that used in the city library was adopted, and the books put in circulation." The total number of books in all the school libraries at that time were 2,075. The number at present, as esti- mated by Secretary Thomas, is 3,500.
After a decade of efficient ministration Prof. Bemiss resigned the superintendency of the city public schools in the spring of the year 1899. The board was especially fortunate in being able to secure as his successor a man of broad culture, extensive experience and high ideals, in the person of Prof. J. F. Saylor, of Lincoln, Nebraska. He has already exhibited a tact and wisdom that has elicited general sat- isfaction. In one of his latest reports he says : "I find that the principals are growing more careful in the direction of close supervision.
I 34
HISTORY OF SPOKANE COUNTY.
They are rendering the superintendent greater aid by being able to inform him on more definite pointsof information which he asks continually, touching the work of various rooms. The plea that I made last fall when I asked for larger time for supervision by the principals was that, being in the building they could get closer up the work of each teacher, and be more helpful to the teacher, and at the same time more help- ful to the superintendent than if he had an as- sistant in the office. I have been pleased with the work so far done. and the willingness of the principals to assume responsibility, and I feel sure I shall be able to report growing efficiency in these directions in the future as experience comes to them. Generally speaking, the in- structional work of the teachers is good, and the work of discipline satisfactory."
GENERAL REPORT OF SECRETARY, JULY 1, 1899.
General expenses. $ 17,264 64
Buildings and grounds 62,615 76
Salaries of teachers 80,544 03
Total. ៛160,424 43
RESOURCES, JULY 1, 1899.
Buildings and grounds $613,451 52
Furniture. 28,962 41
Apparatus. 2,593 66
Library and text books. 11,522 02
Uncollected taxes. . 75,328 71
Cash on hand-treasurer 33,077 39
Cash on hand-secretary. 98 25
Total. $764,902 96
LIABILITIES.
Bonds outstanding .$300,000 00
Accrued interest on bonds
1,250 00
Warrants outstanding 129,887 99
Interest estimated 3,600 00
Total. $434,737 99 Excess resources over liabilities .. 330,164 97
CENSUS REPORT-1899.
Male. 3,065
Female. .3,223
Total .6,288
Total enrollment. 5,401
Average attendance .. 3,773
Cost per pupil, average attendance. .§33.16 Cost per pupil, total enrollment. 23.16
REPORT, FEBRUARY, 1900.
Enrollment, of which 509 in high school. 5,881
In kindergarten department. 840
Total 6,721
Number of teachers-high school, 14; other grades, 118; kindergarten, 13; total. 145
Number of school buildings .. 16
BOARD OF EDUCATION.
1891 -- Officers : Robert Abernethy, presi- dent: J. J. Browne, vice-president; Geo. E. Cole, treasurer: L. B. Cornell, secretary; D. Bemiss, superintendent. Members: E. H. Bartlett. Robert Abernethy, J. E. Everhart, J. J. Browne, Mark F. Mendenhall.
1893-Officers: J. J. Browne. president ; Mark F. Mendenhall, vice-president; D. S. Prescott. treasurer : J. B. Sargent, secretary; D. Bemiss, superintendent. Members : J. J. Browne. Mark F. Mendenhall. C. A. Grier, C. L. Knapp. G. H. Whittle.
1897-Officers: W. M. Shaw, president ; F. L. Daggett, vice-president : George Mudgett, treasurer : E. A. Thomas, secretary ; D. Bemiss, superintendent. Members: W. M. Shaw. J. Heaton. J. D. Hinkle, W. W. Waltman, F. L. Daggett.
1900-Officers: J. D. Hinkle, president ; F. L. Daggett, vice-president : C. M. Fassett, W. C. Sivyer. J. M. Raught ; E. A. Thomas, secretary. J. F. Saylor. B. S., superintendent ; office, high school building.
TEACHERS, 1900.
High School .- C. S. Kingston, Kate B. Reed, Olive B. Jones. Francis E. R. Linfield, Etta L. Reed, Mattie E. Libby. Margaret C. Brown, I. C. Libby. W. C. Stone, S. P. Car- michael. J. A. Mitchell. J. L. Dunn, Helen Dow, J. E. Buchanan.
Bancroft School .- Ida M. Whitson, Lida Shipley, Edith Jackson, Mary Armitstead, Au- gusta Robbins, Nora Cusick, Ella L. Stewart, Alida C. Woolsey. Fannie Thayer. Bertha Maynadier. Winifred Walbridge.
I35
HISTORY OF SPOKANE COUNTY.
Bryant School .- Florence N. Kent, Jessie Borden, Hester C. Soules, Bertha Archer, Mol- lie Thuneman, Carrie Brakefield, Kate Grant, Edith L. Boyd, Margaret Percival. Sadie Blair, Edna L. Harris, Edith Spees, Alma Wiese, Fannie Scott, Harriette E. Gunn, Mary David- SO11.
Franklin School .- Caroline Mackay, Mag- gie I. Blair, Ida Maguire, Mattie Dobbins, May Maller, Zella Bisbee, Rosa Grace Cusick, Fan- nie B. Day, Jessie Wolcott, Lunetta Baker, Mary E. Ganahl.
Edison School .- Sarah S. Otis, Meb B. Tower, Maud Miller, Flora Schroeder, C. A. Perkins, Anna Johnston, Maud Merriman, Ethel J. Case, Theda M. Tower, Lillie Rogers.
Emerson School .- Lida Putnam, Grace Perry.
Garfield School .- Z. Stewart, Lillian Sieg- ler, Elva D. Smith, Florence Langtry, Mabel Gundlach, Lena E. Witt, Mary L. Spencer, Mattie Moore, Mae Evans, Harriett Fellows.
Grant School .- Emily L. Hard, Nettie Rea, Myrtle Nosler, Minnie Maloney.
Hawthorne School .- Anne E. Jackson, · Kate P. Thatcher, Josie M. McHugh, Ellen M.
Evers, Lizzie Gutzler. Eleanor M. Shaw, Josie H. Bush, Emma Patton, Ida Abbott, Robina Megannon, Bessie Startsman, Mary L. Burns, Pauline P. Graves, Lulu E. Dunn, Estelle Pur- inton, Sophia Kiesling. Virginia K. Hayward, Aurelia Mann, Henrietta Flournoy.
Irving School .- H. T. Coleman, Margaret Sampson, Cassie Cothron, Bertha M. Coleman, Helen Samson, Grace E. Bell, Julia E. Dolman, Mattie K. Burns, Data Rothrock.
Lincoln School .- Mary .A. Monroe, Elean- 01 McClincy, Blanche B. Howell, May I. Mor- rison, Lucy F. Dean, Florence Poole, Emma Boyer, Meta Gerboth, Maggie Moore.
Longfellow School .- Letha Putnam, Emily B. Percival.
Lowell School .- F. J. Hollingworth, Mar- garet McDouall.
Washington School .- F. V. Yeager, Sara F. Archer, Alice Lockhart, Charlotte Stewart, Alice M. Adams, Emma G. Clagett, Clara Mader, Charlotte Beckwith, Louise Fisher, May Boydston. Irene Selfridge.
Preparatory .- Ida A. Smith, Martha E. Corner.
Whittier School .- Anna Foristal.
CHAPTER XXI.
HISTORY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN SPOKANE COUNTY.
[ This chapter was written under the super- intendency of the Verv Rev. Leopold Van Gorp, S. J., general superior of Indian Mis- sions, Gonzaga College. ]
That the Catholic church is no enemy to true progress and civilization, nay rather, that she begets and fosters them, is a fact patent to every unprejudiced reader of truthful history. While this is true of all times and countries,
still it is more strikingly manifested in the his- tory of our own glorious country, a circum- stance that may be accounted for by the fact that that history is better known to us. No sooner had the new world been discovered than Catholic missionaries hastened to join each new expedition. in order to gain to Christ and to civilization the benighted savages that roamed through the vast extent of America.
136
HISTORY OF SPOKANE COUNTY.
While they accompanied the explorers to our coasts, they did not return with them to Eu- rope ; for they came not to amass treasures, not to achieve the conquest of a new world, but they came to win to Christ the souls of the aborigines ; they came to make them Christian, aye, and civilized Christians.
.
The reduction of Paraguay, perhaps the nearest approach to the realization of Moore's Utopia that history has ever recorded, is a proof of what the Catholic church, through ber missionaries, can and did effect when un- hampered by blighting influences. That we have not had the pleasure of seeing the same marvelous results in North America is due to the odds against which the missionaries in our parts have ever had to contend. Yet the re- sults have in many cases been most gratifying, as will be incidentally shown in the course of this article.
I have premised these remarks merely by way of introduction, for I well know that the people of the great Northwest have seen too much of the civilizing and progressive spirit of the Catholic church to be deceived by any specious sophistry. They know that the inis- sionaries worked side by side with the hardy pioneers who built up the city of which we are so justly proud. For, as a writer in the Exposi- tion Journal, published here in 1890. for the Northwest Exposition, has written, "the great nien who built up Spokane bear testimony that the Catholic priest is no enemy to civilization or true progress."
To come then to my task of narrating the history of the Catholic church in Spokane conn- ty, I will divide my sketch into three parts, cor- responding to the three different fields of labor which the Catholic church at all times aims to cultivate. In the first of these I will treat of the work of the church proper, that is, of its evan- gelical work: secondly, I will treat of what it has done for education; and finally of the charitable institutions which it has estab- lished.
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN ITS SPIRITUAL WORK.
To obtain anything like a complete history of the Catholic church in Spokane county. I must, like the topographer, that would map out the course of a river. go back to its very source where perhaps it is but a bubbling spring : then tracing it along its windings, narrow at first. but ever and anon swelled by some new rivulet. adding its waters with it, till at last we find it a river deep and wide. 1 do this all the more readily, as besides giving completeness to my article. it is the express wish of the members of the Pioneer Association, under whose aus- pices this work is being gotten up. that ample justice be done to those pioneer missionaries who shared with them all the trials which fall to the lot of the first settlers, nay, who even prepared the way for them and by their influ- ence over the red men made it possible for the whites to live without undue alarm amid the aborigines. It is a tribute of gratitude and a debt of justice we owe these first evangelists of the great Northwest: for death has called many of them to the reward of their labors. the rapid march of progress has left their first . mission-stations mere land marks; and our children born and bred amid the blessings pur- chased by the toilsome labors of our pioneers. might. deceived by prejudiced minds, belie the men and belittle the work of those whom their fathers respected and revered.
From what source then did the Catholic church in Spokane county take its rise? To answer this question correctly it must be noted that Catholicity found its way into this part of the Northwest from two different directions.
As we well know, from very early days traders and trappers, principally in the employ of the Hudson's Bay Company, were in the habit of coming to hunt or rather to barter with the Rocky Mountain Indians. As time went on, not a few of these men made homes for themselves in these then western wills, gener- ally forming a little settlement, protected by a
HON. L. H. PRATHER SPOKANE
137
HISTORY OF SPOKANE COUNTY.
rude fort erected by the company ; others inter- married with the Indians, while others, still, brought wife and family to share their rugged life. Most of these men were French Canadians and Catholics. As their numbers increased they repeatedly asked the ecclesiastical authorities in Canada to send them a priest to minister to their spiritual wants, and it was in reply to their reiterated requests that late in the fall of 1838, F. N. Blanchet and Rev. Modest Demers come in by way of Colville, having come on one of the Hudson's Bay Company's boats. They at once began the work for which they were sent, and in the same year baptized some and mar- ried others. They did not remain long at Fort Colville, but pushed on into what is now the state of Oregon. Father Blancliet's labors were chiefly in Oregon, of which he became the first archbishop.
However in the following year, 1839, Fa- ther Demers again visited Colville on his way to New Caledonia, and beside his ministra- tions to the French Canadians he instructed and baptized a few Indians. But the rise of the Catholic church in Spokane county, is not to be traced to this source. I have before me an account which appeared in a Spokane paper a few years ago stating that the above men- tioned Fathers "baptized the first Indian con- verts to the faith in this territory with the wa- ter of the Spokane river." To these last words I take exception, as I have the most reliable manuscript and find nothing to corroborate this statement ; at least if these Fathers ever baptized with the waters of the Spokane it must have been near its outlet into the Columbia, as their labors in these parts were always in that vi- cinity.
Hence we must trace the rise of Catholic- ity in what is now Spokane county, to another source, namely to the Jesuit missionaries who worked their way westward from St. Louis.
When Fathers Jogues, Brebouf, and Lalle- ment, all of the Society of Jesus, were mar- tyred in cantons of the fierce clans which
formed the Five Nations of New York state, little did they know, as they fell beneath the blows of their cruel torturers, how truly would be verified in their case the Christian adage "the blood of martyrs is the seed of the church."
But it is to them, as to the welling spring from which a river takes its rise, that we must re- trace our steps if we would find the real source of the Catholic church in Spokane.
The story is too well known and has been so accurately and completely told by Rev. L. B. Palladino in his "Indian and White in the Northwest." that it suffices here to say that a few converted Iroquois found their way to the Flatheads of Montana, into which tribe they were admitted. Here they used daily to pray the prayers taught them in their distant homes near the Great Lakes, and no doubt often when gathered round the campfire did they tell the Flatheads of the Black Gowns, of those who had been sacrificed by the mad fury of their sires, and of those who, undaunted by the fate of their predecessors, came to continue the good work and to reap the harvest that had been sown and watered with blood. So eagerly did they listen to these recitals, and so greatly did the desire of having the Black Gowns come and live in their midst take possession of the Flatheads that they sent a deputation of four to St. Louis, in the spring of 1831. All ar- rived safely, but only after indescribable suf- ferings, sufferings even too great for human endurance, two of the party dying shortly after their arrival. They were buried at St. Louis, but not before being baptized. The after fate of the other two is unknown. This deputa- tion was followed in 1835, by the visit to St. Louis of one of the Iroquois, from among the Flatheads, accompanied by his two sons. But beyond the fact that the two boys were bap -. tized and all reached the Flathead country again in safety, no permanent results followed. Undismayed by the failure of their first depu- tation, another party set out in 1837, for St. Louis, to bear the petition of the Flatheads to
Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.