USA > Washington > Douglas County > An illustrated history of the Big Bend country, embracing Lincoln, Douglas, Adams, and Franklin counties, state of Washington, pt 2 > Part 15
USA > Washington > Adams County > An illustrated history of the Big Bend country, embracing Lincoln, Douglas, Adams, and Franklin counties, state of Washington, pt 2 > Part 15
USA > Washington > Franklin County > An illustrated history of the Big Bend country, embracing Lincoln, Douglas, Adams, and Franklin counties, state of Washington, pt 2 > Part 15
USA > Washington > Lincoln County > An illustrated history of the Big Bend country, embracing Lincoln, Douglas, Adams, and Franklin counties, state of Washington, pt 2 > Part 15
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For Presidential Electors-Republicans, 334; democrats, II ; people's party, 722; pro- hibition, 10; national, o.
612
HISTORY OF THE BIG BEND COUNTRY.
For Congressman-S. C. Hyde, republican, 374; W. H. Doolittle, republican, 336; James Hamilton Lewis, people's party, 712.
For Governor-P. C. Sullivan, republican, 346; John R. Rogers, people's party, 715.
For Superior Judge-Wallace Mount, re- publican, 334; C. H. Neal, people's party, 715.
For State Senator-Hollis L. Stowell, re- publican, 299; Dan Paul, people's party, 761.
For Representative-M. W. Miles, repub- lican, 342; J. B. Smith, people's party, 714.
For Sheriff-Charles Brenesholz, republi- can, 399; Thomas Snyder, people's party, 655. For Auditor-Frank M. Dallman, repub- lican, 389; Walter Mann people's party, 670. For Treasurer-James H. Hill, republican, 467; L. J. Silverthorn, people's party, 600.
For Clerk-F. F. Illsley, republican, 388; Thomas East, people's party, 659.
For Assessor-George R. Roberts, repub- lican, 399; N. C. Larsen, people's' party, 665.
For School Superintendent-J. W. Wol- verton, republican, 437; G. S. Floyd, people's party, 623.
For County Attorney-M. B. Malloy, re- publican, 385 ; E. K. Pendergast, people's party, 671.
For Coroner-E. Hollingshead, republican, 395; Henry Lienrance, people's party, 659.
For Surveyor-I. W. Matthews, republi- can, 382; Ole Ruud, people's party, 681.
For Commissioner, First District-L. W. McLean, republican, 359; H. N. Wilcox, peo- ple's party, 701.
For Commissioner, Third District- W. J. Slack, republican, 355; D. W. Mar- tin, people's party, 695.
For the campaign of 1898 the democrats and populists again formed a combination on county ocers, each party selecting a portion of the various candidates. The conventions of the two parties were held at Waterville on the same day, June 26th. Of the democratic convention William Anderson was chairman and L. C. Knemeyer secretary. R. S. Salt-
marsh, of Almira, and Edward Johnson, of Waterville, were chairman and secretary of the populist convention. Each convention was well represented by delegates from all districts in the county. Conference committees were appointed which endeavored to divide the county offices equally and satisfactorily be- tween the two wings of the fusionists. There was considerable difficulty in doing this, and there developed a certain degree of friction. The following morning, however, an agree- ment was reached whereby the democrats were to name the candidates for auditor, clerk, prose- cuting attorney and school superintendent, and the populists the balance of the county and legislative ticket. The populists named their candidates by the primary election method Sat- urday, September 24th.
September roth the republican convention assembled at Waterville. H. C. Keeler was chairman and E. W. Porter, secretary. There was a large attendance and plenty of harmony. A full ticket was placed in the field and A. L. Maltbie was elected chairman of the county central committee with M. B. Malloy as secre- tary.
As in the election two years previous that of 1898 resulted in an almost complete victory for the fusion forces, the republicans electing only one of the county commissioners. Fol- lowing is the official vote :
For Congressmen-Francis W. Cushman, republican, 358; Wesley L. Jones, republican, 351 ; James H. Lewis, fusionist, 479; William C. Jones, fusionist, 458.
For Representative-W. F. Haynes, repub- lican, 385; E. K. Pendergast, fusionist, 466.
For Sheriff-A. L. Maltbie, republican, 400; C. V. Ogle, fusionist, 453.
For Clerk-E. B. Porter, republican, 371; Thomas East, fusionist, 463.
For Auditor-H. Williams, republican, 288; WV. H. Anderson, fusionist, 483.
For Treasurer-H. C. Godlove, republican, 384; L. J. Silverthorn, fusionist, 461.
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HISTORY OF THE BIG BEND COUNTRY.
For County Attorney-P. E. Berry, repub- lican, 394; R. W. Starr, fusionist, 452.
For Assessor-A. N. Thompson, republi- can, 404; N. C. Larson, fusionist, 477.
For School Superintendent-E. F. Elliott, republican, 370; Sevilla Steiner, fusionist, 477.
For Surveyor-A. L. Rogers, republican, 3II ; Ole Ruud, fusionist, 455.
For Coroner-Eli Hollingshead, republi- can, 401 ; Henry Lienrance, fusionist, 43I.
For Commissioner, First District-O. A. Ruud, republican, 429; Louis Brandt, fusion- ist, 416.
For Commissioner, Second District-W. H. Johnson, republican, 365; William Scully, fusionist, 458.
The republican convention preceding the campaign of 1900 was held at Waterville Sat- urday, August 4th. I. W. Matthews was chosen chairman and E. B. Porter secretary. Nearly all the nominations for a full ticket were made by acclamation. L. E. Kellogg was elected chairman of the county central commit- tee and M. B. Malloy, secretary. Again there was a close fusion between the democrats and populists. They held their conventions at Waterville Monday, September 10th. Each party was permitted to name six of the twelve candidates on the county and legislative tickets, the combination to sail under the name, "dem- ocratic." The populists selected candidates for representative, treasurer, clerk, assessor, county attorney and one commissioner. The demo- crats named candidates for sheriff, auditor, school superintendent, surveyor and one com- missioner.
There were cast at the 1900 election 1167 votes. The fusion forces carried every office in Douglas county with the exception of asses- sor. Following is the official vote :
For President-Republican electors, 508; democratic, 609; prohibition, 20; socialist la- bor, I ; social democratic, 12.
For Congressmen-W. L. Jones, republi- can, 496; F. W. Cushman, republican, 502;
F. C. Robertson, democrat, 609; J. T. Ronald, democrat, 603.
For Governor-J. M. Frink, republican, 444; John R. Rogers, democratic, 673.
For Joint Senator-J. P. Sharp, republican, 507; Samuel T. Packwood, democratic, 618.
For Representative-W. F. Haynes, repub- lican, 536; J. F. Badger, democrat, 586.
For Judge Superior Court-H. A. P. Mey- ers, republican, 458; C. H. Neal, democrat, 680.
For Sheriff-John D. Logan, republican, 493; A. W. De Bolt, democratic, 641.
For Clerk-J. W. WVolverton, republican, 558; F. W. McCann, democratic, 577.
For Auditor-Oscar F. Dickson, republi- can, 445; W. H. Anderson, democratic, 689.
For Treasurer-T. H. McCormick, repub- lican, 507; E. M. Bogart, democrat, 628.
For Prosecuting Attorney-E. K. Pender- gast, democrat, 672.
For Assessor-C. F. Will, republican, 616; George M. Stapish, democrat, 524.
For Superintendent of Schools-Charles W. Weedin, republican, 451 ; Sevilla Steiner, democrat, 685.
For Surveyor-John Zimmerman, demo- crat, 701.
For Coroner-E. Hollingshead, republican, 516; Adam Thompson, democrat, 598.
For County Commissioner, Second District -Jacob Steinbach, republican, 491 ; L. A. Mc- Naught, democrat, 626.
For County Commissioner, Third District -I. N. Simmons, republican, 542; Thomas Snyder, democrat, 578.
In 1902 the republicans of Douglas county assembled in convention at Waterville Satur- day, July 19th. T. H. McCormick, of Bridge- port, was chairman and Joseph G. Tuttle, of Waterville, secretary. There were a number of candidates for most of the offices. A. L. Rogers was chosen chairman and L. E. Kel- logg, secretary, of the county central commit- tee. There was developed considerable interest
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HISTORY OF THE BIG BEND COUNTRY.
in the proposed plank relating to a railway com- mission.
Fusion between the democarts and populists was again accomplished for the impending campaign of 1902. The two conventions as- sembled at Waterville Saturday, August 9th. J. B. Johnson presided over the democratic con- vention and Edward Johnson was chairman of the populist assembly. The populists named candidates for representative, assessor, clerk, commissioner first district, treasurer and sur- veyor. The democrats selected candidates for auditor, school superintendent, coroner, sheriff, prosecuting attorney and commissioner for the third district.
The election of 1902 in Douglas county resulted in a surprise. It was a complete re- versal of the administrative affairs of the county. Whereas, in 1900 every candidate but one on the fusion ticket was elected, the result in 1902 shows that every republican candidate was elected. The best the republi- cans had hoped for was to carry some of the offices, but that all were to be elected exceeded the hopes of the most sanguine. . The contest, however, was spirited and gingery throughout. The Big Bend Empire (republican) speaking of the election said: "The result of the elec- tion in the county last week no doubt was somewhat of a surprise to every one. Nearly all thought that it might be possible for the republicans to elect two or three of the county officers, but they did not expect a clean sweep."
Over 1400 votes were cast with the follow- ing result :
For Congress-F. W. Cushman, republi- can, 778; W. L. Jones, republican, 775; W. H. Humphry, republican, 754; G. F. Cotterill, democrat, 605 ; O. R. Holcomb, democrat, 603; F. B. Cole, democrat, 609.
For Joint Senator-George J. Hurley, re- publican, 746; J. M. F. Cooper, democrat, 669.
For Representative-W. F. Haynes, repub- lican, 774; J. F. Badger, democrat, 640.
For Sheriff-A. A. Lytle, republican, 751; A. W. De Bolt, democrat, 679.
For Clerk-A. N. Maltbie, republican, 745 ; F. W. McCann, democrat, 664.
For Auditor-L. E. Kellogg, republican, 802; Ross Lord, democrat, 605.
For Treasurer-E. C. Davis, republican, 709; E. M. Bogart, democrat, 699.
For Prosecuting Attorney-E. T. Trimble, republican, 818; W. A. Reneau, democrat, 585.
For Assessor-C. F. Will, republican, 818; J. E. Eikelberner, democrat, 594.
For School Superintendent-Eva Hagen, republican, 818; W. B. Dutcher, democrat, 587.
For Surveyor-Ole Ruud, 724.
For Coroner-J. Frank Harris, republican, 730; P. J. Friesinger, democrat, 671.
For Commissioner, First District-L. Mc- Lean, republican, 757; H. N. Wilcox, demo- crat, 622.
For Commissioner, Third District-J. L. Stuart, republican, 736; John Doneen, demo- crat, 666.
CHAPTER VI.
EDUCATIONAL.
The first school district organized in Doug- las county was on May 4, 1885, by E. E. Brown, superintendent of public instruction. It was District No. I, and was in the Califor- nia settlement, north of where is now located Hartline, and consisted of all of township 27, except sections 6, 7, 18, 19, 30 and 31. August 4, 1886, the boundaries were changed as fol- lows :
Beginning at the northeast corner of Doug- las county, running west on county line to range 29, thence south on range line to town- ship 27, thence east one mile to county line, thence north to place of beginning. Of this district, A. Davis was clerk, David Wilson and John O'Neil directors.
District No. 2 was created also on May 4, 1885, Frank Day, clerk, A. Rusho, I. P. Schock and J. H. Smith, directors. The first school building erected in the county was put up in district No. 2, in 1885, and the first school taught in the county was conducted there. The term began September 5, 1885, and closed Jan- uary 1, 1886. The whole number of scholars was fifteen boys and ten girls, with an average attendance of 18. C. C. Ladd.
The first public school taught west of the coulees and the second in the county opened December 7, 1885, and closed February 26, 1886. R. S. Steiner, still a resident of Water- ville, was the teacher. Following are the names of the pupils who attended this school : Albert Bonwell, Bertha Bonwell, Francis Bon- well, James Bonwell, Willie Gorman, Albert Miles, Fred Miles, George Miles, Lulu Miles,
Stella Miles, Edward Owens, John Owens, James Owens, Robert Owens, Rachael Owens, Clara Kommer, Ida Kommer and Karl Kom- mer.
The third district was created August 4, 1886, on the north side of Badger Mountain. The clerk was' R. Miles and Robert Bonwell, Ole Ruud and D. W. Martin were directors. May 3, 1886, the fourth district was created with J. O. Wallace, clerk, James Simons, Da- vid Soper and Amel Johnson, directors.
No. 5, the Waterville district, was created May 4, 1886. F. M. Alexander was clerk, W. M. Wixson, H. N. Wilcox and J. C. Brown- field, were the directors. November 29, 1888, the Big Bend Empire said :
"Next Monday, December 2, 1888, the boys and girls of Waterville will take their books and slates and, assisted by Miss Hattie Fuller, (afterward Mrs. L. E. Kellogg), as teacher, will organize the first public school of Waterville."
This was the pioneer school of Waterville and there were twenty-three pupils enrolled the first day. The attendance was increased in one month to forty pupils and many were turned away on account of lack of accommodations.
The first Douglas County Teachers' Insti- tute was held at Waterville on Monday, Tues- day and Wednesday, November 11, 12 and 13, 1889, under the direction of County Superin- tendent C. C. Ladd. This initial institute of Douglas county teachers was in every way a success and one that will be remembered by all who participated in the same. The teachers
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HISTORY OF THE BIG BEND COUNTRY.
present were: E. M. Bogart, C. E. Bateman, Mrs. S. Bateman, Eva E. Brown, Cora Brown, J. J. Brownfield, R. H. Brownfield, J. V. Crisp, O. W. Ernst, Mrs. Clara Fitch, George L. Fitch, Georgiana Day, H. G. W. Hendricks, Eva Howland, Mrs. L. E. Kellogg, Will Le- man, Fannie Minton, Mrs. Julia Morris, Mrs. A. Rogers, A. C. Porter, O. D. Porter, P. E. Berry, Phoebe Titchenal, Clara Wright, Kate Williams.
In the fall of 1889 Waterville began the erection of a $3,000 school house, quite an in- stitution for the town at that time. James H. Kincaid was the moving spirit in this enter- prise, he contributing $500 in cash and a site for the building. A special tax was voted by the residents of the district to complete the amount. At this period the school directors were F. M. Scheble, A. L. Rogers and P. G. Van Alstine.
A report of the condition of the schools of Douglas county was not made by any of the county superintendents until 1890. From the report of that year we learn that there were 966 children in the county between the ages of five and twenty-one years. Of these 665 were enrolled as students in the public schools and the average attendance was 490. There were 28 districts in the county, but only II school houses-one log building and 10 frame struc- tures. The total value of all school property was estimated by the school superintendent at $8.302. Thirty-three teachers were employed during the year. The average monthly salary of male teachers was $43 and that of female teachers, $38.50.
From this humble beginning the schools of Douglas county have made a wonderful ad- vancement and no county in the state can boast of better schools than Douglas. From the sup- erintendent's report from 1903 we learned that the towns containing more than one district were Waterville, Coulee City, Bridgeport, Wil- soncreek and Hartline. The number of chil-
dren of from 5 to 21 years of age were 3.053. Of these there were enrolled in public schools 2,448. The average daily attendance was I,- 493. There were no departments maintained in the county during the year 1898. The whole number of teachers employed during the year were 133. The average monthly salary was, males, $50.21 ; females, $50.49. The number of pupils taking the first year's course were 624; second, 315: fourth, 367; fifth, 505; sixth, 193; seventh, 140; eighth, 124; ninth, I0; tenth, 14; eleventh, 10; twelfth, 4. There were 13 in attendance on private schools. The number of school houses in the county were, log, 3 ; frame, 59; brick, I, and the total seating capacity of these structures was 2,083. The total value of this property was $58,467. The number of districts in the county had increased to 76. There was one graded school and one high school at Waterville. The number of temporary certificates issued during this year were 48. Teachers having Territorial certi- ficates were 2; normal department State Uni- versity, I ; elementary certificates from normal schools, I; first grade certificates, 7; second grade 50, and third grade, 20.
In preceding chapters it has been shown that at the time of the organization of Douglas county early in 1884, the population was any- thing but dense. Many of these early settlers were single men or men who had come to seek a home in the new county, leaving their famil- ies behind until their homes should have been prepared. On account of these conditions the years 1883 and 1884 did not witness the estab- lishment of a single school in any portion of Douglas county. By 1885, however, active preparations were made for the organization of schools in two settlements, one east of Grand Coulee and the other in the Badger Mountain country. Vera Brown was superin- tendent of schools and May 4, 1885, she created Districts No. I and 2.
GEORGE R. ROBERTS
HUGO F. HARTMAN
F
PERRY T. SARGEANT
PHILLIP J. YOUNG
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES DOUGLAS COUNTY
GEORGE R. ROBERTS is now doing a large business in grain and implements in Hart- line. He has the distinction of being the pio- neer merchant of the coulee country and since the days of 1883, he has remained in this sec- tion and has by his integrity, worth and affable treatment of all, won hosts of friends in all parts of the country. Mr. Roberts is a man of stirring qualities and has wrought here with energy accomplishing very much in fostering the settlement and upbuilding of Douglas coun- ty.
George R. Roberts was born in Wildrose, Wisconsin, on September 25, 1859, the son of Robert G. and Elizabeth (Williams) Roberts, natives of Wales. The common schools of Wisconsin furnished the educational training of our subject, and he remained the first twenty- four years of his life in that section. For eight years of that time he worked in the lumber woods and became used to the arduous labors there done. In 1883, Mr. Roberts came out west and after due deliberations settled in the Big Bend country. He immediately took up a pre-emption just east from where Hartline now stands and engaged in farming and stockrais- ing. This continued until 1888, when he opened a store at McEntee Springs, handling general merchandise. In 1889, he took as part- ner, Thomas Parry and the firm was known as Roberts & Parry. They did a large business and continued until 1895, when they dissolved partnership and our subject engaged in buying grain at Hartline. In this he has continued since, having added implements later. He now does a large business and is a prominent man of this town.
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Mr. Roberts has four brothers and five sisters; Robert, John, David, James, Mrs. Elizabeth Parry, Sarah, Ellen, Marion, and Mary.
In 1888, Mr. Roberts married Miss Esther Elias, a native of Ohio. She died the follow- ing year in Coulee City. On June 8, 1898, Mr. Roberts married Miss Mary Elias, also a native of Ohio, and the daughter of Daniel and Mar- garet (Morgan) Elias, natives of Wales, who now reside in Ohio. Mrs. Roberts was born in 1873. They have one adopted child, Ethel, three years of age. Mr. Roberts is a member of the I. O. O. F., the Maccabees, and the M. W. A., while he and his wife belong to the Method- ist church.
HUGO F. HARTMAN is one of the lead- ing and wealthy citizens of Hartline. In ad- dition to doing a good farming business on a estate adjoining the town, Mr. Hartman con- ducts a large butchering establishment and buys and sells stock. He began business with a very limited capital and owing to his thrift and wis- dom has increased until he has now in the but- chering enterprise alone a large sum invested and is doing an extensive and thriving business.
Hugo F. Hartman was born in Wurtem- berg, Germany, on April 27, 1871, being the son of Albert and Christina ( Schuele) Hart- man, natives of Germany. He received thor- ough instruction in the common schools of Stuttgart. He attended the high school there and later after coming to Spokane was under the instruction of Father Held. He came to the United States in 1886 and was soon en-
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HISTORY OF THE BIG BEND COUNTRY.
gaged with Drumheller and Wilson, butchers of Spokane. Thence he went to San Francisco, and engaged in the same vocation for a year there. We find him next in Montana and then at Cripple Creek, where he did business for four years. After this, Mr. Hartman returned to Coeur d' Alene and in 1891 he was again in Spokane. There he was with Dumke. Imme- diately subsequent to that, Mr. Hartman went into business relations for himself and opened the Montana Meat Market, at Spokane, which he conducted until 1896, then removed to Hart- line where he has remained until the present time. During three years of this time, Mr. Hartman did business in Davenport, Wash- ington. He has a fine farm adjoining Hartline and a large band of cattle and horses. Mr. Hartman has one brother, Julius, at Spokane, and one sister, Ana, residing at his birthplace in Germany.
At Spokane, in 1893, Mr. Hartman married Miss Emma, daughter of August and Earnest- ine Delzer, natives of Germany. Mrs. Hart- man was born in Forest Junction, Calumet county, Wisconsin, on October 13, 1872. She has four sisters; Mrs. Frederick Cusse, Mrs. Fred Wilson, both living in Spokane; Mrs. Lizzie Muller, of Washington, Wisconsin ; Mrs. Minnie Eiler, of Depere, Wisconsin; and one brother, William Delzer, of Forest Junction, Wisconsin. To Mr. and Mrs. Hartman one child has been born, Oscar A., in Spokane, on July 13, 1894. Mr. Hartman is a member of the I. O. O. F., the \V. W., the Maccabees, and and the M. W. A.
PERRY T. SARGEANT, who is one of the most prosperous farmers in the vicinity of Hartline, having a very excellent, well im- proved and well cultivated holding, is also one of the leading men of the county, having shown his ability in various capacities and his progres- siveness and industry in his achievements here.
Perry T. Sargeant was born in Vander- burg county, Indiana, on September 16, 1864. His parents, Orsames P. and Rachel C. (Tay- lor) Sargeant, were natives of Vermont and Virginia, respectively. Perry T. was educated in the common schools and also studied under private teachers, being especially inclined to- ward mathematics. Although he never took a
degree from any college, he made a special study of mathematics and has won considerable distinction in this line. From Indiana, he re- moved to Texas, where he was engaged on the cattle range for three years, then he returned to his native state, by way of New Orleans. One year later, he came to Kansas and in a short time we see him in California, whence he journeyed to Portland, Oregon, and from that place came on to Ellensburg and engaged on the Northern Pacific as a civil engineer. After six years of service in this capacity he com-, pleted the training that he had been so desirous of obtaining in mathematics. In 1886, Mr. Sargeant moved to Douglas county and settled in the Coulee, six miles north of Coulee City, where he took up a homestead, which was later sold to Adolph Young. He bought five hun- dred and sixty acres, his present estate, and which is one of the finest farms in this section of the country. In 1894, Mr. Sargeant was elected surveyor on the Republican ticket and two years later, so well did he fill the office, he . was re-elected. After these four years of ser- vice he returned to his farm and has devoted his attention to private enterprises until re- cently, when he was appointed road supervisor of district number two, Douglas county, in which capacity he is operating at the present time. Mr. Sargeant has two brothers and two sisters, Eugene G., Morris H., Mrs. Thomas Leach, and Mrs. Charles Crampton.
At the Welch church, on February 2, 1891, Mr. Sargeant married Miss Clara J. Jones. Her parents, William and Alice E. (Owens) Jones, are natives of Wales. Mrs. Sargeant was born in Wisconsin, on November 30, 1870, and has the following brothers and sisters : William E., John G., Mrs. Maggie Allen, Ealenor N., and Phiœbe. Two children have been the fruit of this marriage: Alice R., born in Spokane on October 15, 1897: and William O., born near Hartline, on February 16, 1899. Mr. Sargeant is a member of the I. O. O. F., the Maccabees and the K. P. In religious persuas- ion he is allied with the Cumberland Presby- terian church but is a liberal supporter of all denominations.
PHILLIP J. YOUNG, who is now one of the leading business men of Hartline, is also one of the pioneers of Douglas county, and has
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HISTORY OF THE BIG BEND COUNTRY.
labored steadily for twenty years to advance and build up the country and his excellent efforts have materially assisted to bring about the present state of prosperity and thriving growth of this favored section.
Phillip J. Young was born in Ripley county, Indiana, on October 17, 1845, the son of Charles F. and Margaret (Gesell) Young, na- tives of Germany. They came to the United States in early days and were pioneer settlers in Indiana. Phillip J. was educated in the common schools of Indiana and Iowa, later completing his training in the state Normal at Galena, Illinois. In 1856 the family removed to Winneshiek county, Iowa, where our sub- ject was trained in the ways of farm work by his father. He there grew to manhood and remained until 1881, when he removed to Ne- braska. After a short residence in that state, Mr. Young came on to Idaho, then looked over Oregon, and finally in 1883, settled in Douglas county, taking a pre-emption and later a home- stead near the Grand Coulee. He at once set to work to improve his places and began rais- ing stock. Of horses and cattle he raised many and was very successful until the winter of 1889-90, when, like the others in this same business in all lines, always carrying a full daunted, however, he went to work in the same lines, and in 1890 also opened a lumber yard in Hartline. He did well in this business and later added paints, oils, glass, and so forth. He also handles coal and wood and does a good business in all the lines, always carrying a full stock. In 1886 Mr. Young was elected county commissioner and did good service for the county for two years. He also served as jus- tice of the peace for six years.
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