The history of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, Part 1

Author:
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Chicago, Western historical company
Number of Pages: 1082

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FROM A PAINTING BY MARK HARRISON

FOND DU LAC NI 1837.

THE

HISTORY V

FOND DU LAC COUNTY,

WISCONSIN,

CONTAINING

A HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY, ITS EARLY SETTLEMENT, GROWTHI, DEVELOPMENT, RESOURCES, ETC., ETC., AN EXTENSIVE AND MINUTE SKETCH OF ITS CITIES, THEIR IMPROVEMENTS, INDUSTRIES, MANUFACTORIES, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, SOCIETIES, ETC., ETC., WAR RECORD, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT MEN AND EARLY SETTLERS, ETC., ETC., ETC .; ALSO HISTORY OF WISCONSIN. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES AND OF WISCONSIN, CONDENSED ABSTRACT OF LAWS OF WISCONSIN, MISCELLA- NEOUS, ETC., ETC.

ILLUSTRATED.

--.

CHICAGO: , WESTERN HISTORICAL COMPANY. MDCCCLXXX.

PREFACE. 16259

TN presenting this history to the citizens of Fond du Lac County, the desire is to place upon record whatever incidents of importance have transpired in this region since its first settlement, and that, too, in a reliable manner and in permanent form.

As preliminary to the annals of the county, a brief sketch of Wisconsin is given, includ- ing its Antiquities, Indian tribes, pre-Territorial times, its Territorial history, and an outline of the different Administrations since the State was admitted into the Union. This, it is thought, will prove attractive to the reader. It is followed by articles on Topography and Geology of Wisconsin ; on its Climatology, Trees, Shrubs and Vines ; its Educational Inter- ests, Agriculture, Mineral Resources and Railroads ; on its Lumber Manufacture, Banking, Commerce and Manufactures ; the Public Domain, and the Health of the Statc. All these articles are by able Wisconsin writers. Following these, are Statistics of the State, and an Abstract of its Laws and Constitution, and of the Constitution of the United States.

Facts and figures, incidents and reminiscences, anecdotes and sketches are given in the county history, with a variety and completeness commensurate with their importance. This has necessitated a persevering effort ; but the labor has been lessened by the cordial assist- ance of many friends to the enterprise, to all of, whom our grateful acknowledgments are tendered. They have enabled us to give the present generation, it is believed, a valuable reflex of the times and deeds of pioneer days, and to the pioneer men and women a lasting monument. Many of those still living have kindly extended their aid. To them, as well as to the Press and Pulpit, and also to the officers of the State Historical Society, we desire to express our sincere thanks for numerous favors received at their hands.

APRIL, 1880.

THE PUBLISHERS.

CHICAGO

(ILVER, PAGE, HOYNE & CO., PRINTERS.

118 AND 120 MONROE STREET.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 1898. CITY OF WASHINGTON.

430

CONTENTS.

...

HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.

PAGE.

Antiquities 19

Educational :

Township System .. .....

Dairy Products.

Pre-Territorial Annals 29

Free High Schools. 1.17 Pork and Boef ..

Hops. 204 Wisconsin Territory. 11

Wisconsin as a State ... 52

State Teachers' Certificates 1.17

Tobacco-Cranberries. 205

Lignors 205

Miscellaneous.

Third Administration 53 State Superintendents, 1-1% Water Powers.

Fourth Administration

College Sketches

Manufactures.

Conclusion 208

The Public Dommin. 220

Health

Geographical Position

230

Eighth Administration.

Ninth Administration.

Statistics of Volunteers.

Tenth Administration.

Eleventh Administration

Twelfth Administration

Brick Clays.

Cement Rock. 150

Limestone Glass Sand. 171

Winds.

Climatological Changes from Arttling in the State.

Influence of Nationalities. 2:7 Orcupations-Food-Education, etc. .. 2.7%

Ratio of Sickness, Ft. Howard and Win- nebago ..

Education of the Blind .... 2H Institute of Deaf and Dumb 241 Industrial School for Boys 212 State Prison. 242

State Hospital for the Insane. 212 Northern Hospital for the Insane 242

Original School Code ...

140

Agitation for Free Schools. 141

Narrow Gauge 183

Pulmonary Disenses.

Statistics 2.19

Population, 1875. ef Townships, Alpha-

Intically Arranged by Counties .. ... . 21; Population by ( vuntied, .... 255

Commerce and Maunfactures. 10× State University 14 ::

Agricultural College 144 Normal Schools.

Lead and Zinc-Iron.

Valuation of Property.

Acreage of Principal ('rops .. 261,262

ABSTRACT OF WISCONSIN STATE LAWS.

PAGE. 1

PAGE.

Actions ..

.283

Elections and General Elections, .26

Landlord and Tenant ..

Arrest

283 Estrays 279

Attachment.

284 Exemptions .. 254

Fences

Married Women .243

Assignment of Mortgage ..

274

Forms of Conveyances

Forms of Mortgages. 271

Surveyers and Surveys.

.252

Assessment of Taxes. 268

Garnishment.

Support of Pour ..

Suggestions to Persons Purchasing Book by Subscription ..

Capital Punishment 278 Interest. 277

Collection of Taxes.

270 . Intoxicating Liquors. 271

Weights and Men-ures.

Commercial Terms 285

Judgments. 284 Wills ...

Jurisdiction of Courts 277 Copimon Schools. 266

Damages for Trespass 279 Jurors

MISCELLANEOUS.

PAGE.

Vote of Wisconsin for Governor and Presi- PAGE.

Population of the State ....

PAGF.

Wisconsin State Constitution. .287

U. S. Constitution. .297

dent. 306-307

PAGE.

First Administration

Tench .rs' Associations 1.18

52 57 Libra cies 118

6-1 Female Colleges. 100 Fifth Administration

Sixth Administration

Acidemies and Seminaries. 151

Commercial Schools. 151

Agriculture. I51

Mineral Resources

76 85 Lead and Zinc.

Iron ..

Copper ...

Gold and Silver.

Rain Character

Isothermns 234

Thirteenth Administration 97

Fourteenth Administration. 99 Sixteenth Administration. 109

Fifteenth Administration. 172

Peat-Building Stones.

Railroads, 173

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul I73 .

Chicago & Northwestern ... 176

Paleozoic Time-Silurian Age 115 1

Wisconsin Central 178 History of Disease ...

Devonian Age 119 Western Union 179

Glacial Period 120 West Wisconsin. 180

Climatology .. 121

Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western

Green Day & Minnesota IS1

13. Wisconsin Valley 181

Fish and Fish Culture ..

134

Sheboygan & Fond du Lac

Mineral Point .. 182

Madison & Portage .182

Peculiarities of the Bird Fauna .....

North Wisconsin 183 City of Milwaukee

Prairie du Chien & McGregor 183 Health Resorts 244

Chippewa Falls & Western.

Change of Diseases.

Conclusion 1×4

School System under State Govern- ment .. 141 Immber 185

School Fund Income. I1+ Banking ..

191

Furs 199 Nativity by Counties ..... .259

Lumber ... 201 Teachers' Institutes.

Graded Schools, 14€

Grin

.202

Limitation of Activos ,28.3

Marks and Brands ... .281

Stay Law. .2×1

Assessment and Collection of Taxes. 267

Bills of Exchange or Promissory Noten .272 Borrowed Money. 267

Highways and Bridges. .270

Hours of Labor.

Title of Real Property by Descent .227

Wolf Scalp.

230

Physical Features ..

Ing Geology.

165 Drainage 252

Climatology 1G8

Barometrical 2.1

Trees, Shrubs and Vines

I28

Fauna ..

Large Animals-Time of their Disap- pearance

Educational

Topography and Geology 110 The Archæan Age. 112

Seventh Administration

War of Secession Commenced.

School Offices .. 147

Commerce and Manufactures

Indian Tribes 21

Second Administration.

Adoption of Children. 276

CONTENTS.

HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY.

PAGE.

CHAPTER I. Topography, Elevations of Different Points, Artesian Wells, Water Powers, Geological Formations. Phys- ical Features ...

309

CHAPTER II .- Ancient Earth Works,

Indian Occupancy, Early French Traders, United States Land Surveys. United States Land Districts, Fond du Lac Company, Origin of the Name Fond du Lac, An Early Trip to the ITrad of Winnebago hake, l'irst Settle- ment in Fond du Lac County 324

CHAPTER III .- " The Old Military Road" 1

and Other Early Highways, Pioneer Life, Fond du Lac County Boundaries Established, Early Political History, Fond du Lac County on Early Maps, Organization of the County, Pioneer Reminiscences ...

CHAPTER IV .- Territorial District Court

and State Circuit Court, Municipal

Court of the City and Town of Ripon,

County Court, County Officers from

1×39 to 1880, County Board of Super visors, Territorial, State and National Representation, Navigation of Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin Phalanx ........

CHAPTER V .- Fond du Lac County

Bilde Society, County Court House

and Jail, County Poor Farm and Build- ings. Agriculture in Fond du Lar County, The Dairying Interests of

Fond du Lac County, County Agricult-

ural and Mechanical Society, Ripon Agricultural Associatio. . Plank Roads, Railroads, Fond du Lac county a Quar- ter of a Century Ago, A Terrible Disaster . 409

CHAPTER VI -The Press of Fond du Lac County, Some of Ford du Lac County's Illustrions Dead "Indian Scare," First Things, County Statistics, Prosperity of the County, Political Parties, Ripou College .. 439

CHAPTER VII .- A Divorce Refused, Ori- gin of the Republican Party, ohl Set- tlers'Club of Fond du Lac County Com- mon Schools, Literature and the Fine Arts, Fond du Lac County's War Record, A Retrospect 513

CHAPTER VIII .- CITY OF FOND DU LAC.

-Past and Present, Aborigines, Early Settlement, Village of Fond du Lac, City of Fond du Lac Incorporated, City Officers, 1852-1879, City of Fond du Lac a Quarter of a Century Ago, Fond ilu Lar Post Office, Fire Depart- ment, City Lock-Up. Artesian Wells, Gas Works, Schools, Bonded Indebted- ness. Publie Ilalls, Hotels, Benevolent Institutions and Societies, Literary and other Societies, Public Library, Secret. Societies, Churches, Banks. Manufacturing Interests, Yacht Clubs, Conflagrations, Rienzi Cemetery,

Floods and Freshets, Incidents and

PACK ..

First Things, Early Times in Fond du Lac 560 CHAPTER IX .- CITY OF RIPON .- First Owners of Ripon, Early Settlement, Ripon's Early Progress, City Incor- porated, City Officers 1858 to 1880, Post Office, Public Schools, Ripon Water-Power, Fire Department. Gay- Works, Hotels of Ripon, Public Halls, Churches of Ripon, Banks. Secret Societies, Benevolent, Literary and other Societies, Manufacturing Inter- este, Ripon Cemeteries, Conflagra- tions, Ripon's Fighting Career, " The Booth War," First Things, Growth of the City, Ripon of To-Day.

663

CHAPTER X .- CITY OF WAUPUN .- First Settlement, Meaning of the word Wanpun, First Events, Growth pt Waupun, Village and City Officers 1857-1879, A Reminiscence, Churches, Wanpun a Quarter of a Century Ago, Secret Societies, Wanpun Pioneers, Manufactories, Banks, Old Settlers' Club, Waupun Library Association, Wisconsin State Prison, Wanpun a Dozen Years Ago, Waupun Fire Con- pany No. 1, Dodge County Mutual Insurance Company, A Contrast, Waupun Schools, The Post Office. Waupun Agriculturaland Mechanical Association, Cemeteries, Public Ifalls, Hotels, Fun in Ye Oklen Time .. 695

. VITAPTER XI .- Towns and Villages ....... 732

PORTRAITS.

PAGE.

Aldrich, J.Is. F ..

Eldredge, C. A. 343

Pier C. K 541

Althouse, MI .I

721

Bragg, Edwaris

325

Galloway, E H

Pool, Win .. Jr

Howers, S S J15

Gilson, N. S 644

Patty, B. > 79.1

Boardman N #79

Gifhin, N. C

357

Plocker, WIN 734

Russell, Geo. A

Benton, C. H 505

Hamilton. J

243

Brand, W. B

211

Hamilton, W. C

775

Brach, F. M. 937

Hazen, Chester.

757

Starr, Win.

685

Buvay, A. K. 523

703

Lamb, Dana.

115 / Shattuck, H. S 469

Sherwin, W. ( 1009

Carter, Jacob, 956

Meyer, Chas. J. I ..

433

Town, Byrot 179

Coolidge. JJ. H 991

McDonald, John

3G1

Curtis, Goo. 1 865

McDonald, Alex

Drury, K. W.

Moore, M. D 275

Dobbs, J

667 : Matteson. B. ( $11

Pier, Edward. :: 5

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

P'AGE.

PAGE.

Eden.

941

Oserola.

971

Fond du Lac

777

Oakfield.

1001

Forest .....

976

Ripon

Byron 1019

1029

Eldorado .. 1024

Aletomon. 1042 Taycherdab. 26ti

Empire 1012

Marshfield

Waupun

PAGE ..

Alto 1057

Auburn. 962

Ashford. 96G

Friendship 935

Rosendale. 913

Lamartine. 1032 Springvale ..

Tallmadge. \ 1

Upham, (. I] $83

Van Duyne, D. R. 613

Ewen, S. 1.17

Huber, J. C.

451

Ruggles, A. G.

Sutherland, Geo.

Kinyon, A ..

595 Sumner, S 901

Brinkerhoff. J. H

Conklin, H 51

Mayhan. T. F.

Eidenmiller, L $47

Perkins, Geo. 291

Bishop, 1. . 1 .750

THE INDIAN TRIBES OF WISCONSIN.

this ancient race and those of modern ones; the results, however, of these comparisons throw little, if any, light upon "the dark backward and abysm " of mound-building times.

The evidences of an extinct people of superior intelligence is very strikingly exhibited in the ancient copper mines of the Lake Superior region. Here are to be found excavations in the solid rock ; heaps of rubble and dirt; copper utensils fashioned into knives, chisels, and spear and arrow-heads ; stone hammers; wooden bowls and shovels; props and levers for raising and supporting the mass copper; and ladders for ascending and descending the pits. These mines were probably worked by people not only inhabiting what is now the State of Wisconsin, but territory farther to the southward. The copper was here obtained, it is believed, which has been found in many places, even as far away as the northern shore of the Gulf of Mexico, wrought into various implements and utensils. But there are no traces in Wisconsin of a "copper age " succeeding a " stone age," discernadle in any prehistoric relics. They all refer alike to one age-thê indefinite past ; to one people-the Mound-Builders.

II .- THE INDIAN TRIBES OF WISCONSIN.

When, as early, it is believed, as 1634, civilized man first set foot upon the territory now included within the boundaries of Wisconsin, he discovered, to his surprise, that upon this wide area met and mingled clans of two distinct and wide-spread families-the Algonquins and Sioux. The tribes of the former, moving westward, checked the advance of the latter in their excursions eastward. As yet there had been no representatives of the Huron-Iroquois seen west of Lake Michigan-the members of this great family, at that date dwelling in safety in the extensive regions northward and southward of the Erie and Ontario lakes. Already had the French secured a foot-hold in the extensive valley of the St. Lawrence; and, naturally enough, the chain of the Great Lakes led their explorers to the mouth of Green bay, and up that water- course and its principal tributary, Fox river, to the Wisconsin, an affluent of the Mississippi. On the right, in ascending this bay, was seen, for the first time, a nation of Indians, lighter in complexion than neighboring tribes, and remarkably well formed, now well known as the MENOMONEES.

This nation is of Algonquin stock, but their dialect differed so much from the surrounding tribes of the same family, it having strange guttural sounds and accents, as well as peculiar inflec- tions of verbs and other parts of speech, that, for a long time, they were supposed to have a distinct language. Their traditions point to an emigration from the East at some remote period. When first visited by the French missionaries, these Indians subsisted largely upon wild rice, from which they took their name. The harvest time of this grain was in the month of September. It grew spontaneously in little streams with slimy bottoms, and in marshy places. The harvesters went in their canoes across these watery fields, shaking the ears right and left as they advanced, the grain falling easily, if ripe, into the bark receptacle beneath. To clear it from chaff and strip it of a pellicle inclosing it, they put it to dry on a wooden lattice above a small fire, which was kept up for several days. When the rice was well dried, it was placed in a skin of the form of a bag, which was then forced into a hole, made on purpose, in the ground. They then tread it out so long and so well, that the grain being freed from the chaff, was easily winnowed. After this, it was pounded to meal, or left unpounded, and boiled in water seasoned with grease. It thus became a very palatable diet. It must not be inferred that this was the only food of the Menomonees; they were adepts in fishing, and hunted with skill the game which abounded in the forests.

For many years after their discovery, the Menomonees had their homes and hunting

HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.

grounds upon, or adjacent to, the Menomonee river. Finally, after the lapse of a century and a quarter, down to 1760, when the French yielded to the English all claims to the country, the territory of the Menomonees had shifted somewhat to the westward and southward, and their principal village was found at the head of Green bay, while a smaller one was still in existence at the mouth of their favorite stream. So slight, however, had been this change, that the country of no other of the surrounding tribes had been encroached upon by the movement.

In 1634, the Menomonees probably took part in a treaty with a representative of the French, who had thus early ventured so far into the wilds of the lake regions. More than a score of years elapsed before the tribe was again visited by white men,-that is to say, there are no authentic accounts of earlier visitations. In 1660, Father René Menard had penetrated the Lake Superior country as far, at least, as Kewenaw, in what is now the northern part of Michigan, whence some of his French companions probably passed down the Menomonee river to the waters of Green bay the following year ; but no record of the Indians, through whose territory they passed, was made by these voyagers. Ten years more-1670-brought to the Menomonees (who doubtless had already been visited by French fur-traders) Father Claudius Allouez, to win them to Christianity. He had previously founded a mission upon the bay of Chegoimegon, now Chaquamegon, or Ashland bay, an arm of Lake Superior, within the present State of Wisconsin, in charge of which, at that date, was Father James Marquette. Proceeding from the " Sault" on the third of November, Allouez, early in December, 1669, reached the mouth of Green bay, where, on the third, in an Indian village of Sacs, Pottawattamies, Foxes and Winnebagoes, containing about six hundred souls, he celebrated the holy mass for the first time upon this new field of his labors, -eight Frenchmen, traders with the Indians, whom the missionary found there upon his arrival, taking part in the devotions. His first Christian work with the Menomonees was performed in May of the next year. Allouez found this tribe a feeble one, almost exterminated by war. He spent but little time with them, embarking, on the twentieth of that month, after a visit to some Pottawattamies and Winnebagoes, "with a Frenchman and a savage to go to Sainte Mary of the Sault." His place was filled by Father Louis André, who, not long after, erected a cabin upon the Menomonee river, which, with one at a village where his predecessor had already raised the standard of the cross, was soon burned by the savages ; but the missionary, living almost con- stantly in his canoe, continued for some time to labor with the Menomonees and surrounding tribes. The efforts of André were rewarded with some conversions among the former ; for Mar- quette, who visited them in 1673, found many good Christians among them.

The record of ninety years of French domination in Wisconsin-beginning in June, 1671, and ending in October, 1761-brings to light but little of interest so far as the Menomonees are concerned. Gradually they extended their intercourse with the white fur traders. Gradually and with few interruptions (one in 1728, and one in 1747 of a serious character) they were drawn under the banner of France, joining with that government in its wars with the Iroquois; in its contests, in 1712, 1729, 1730, and 1751, with the Foxes ; and. subsequently, in its conflicts with the English.

The French post, at what is now Green Bay, Brown county, Wisconsin, was, along with the residue of the western forts, surrendered to the British in 1760, although actual possession of the former was not taken until the Fall of the next year. The land on which the fort stood was claimed by the Menomonees. Here, at that date, was their upper and principal village, the lower one being at the mouth of the Menomonee river. These Indians soon became reconciled to the English occupation of their territory, notwithstanding the machinations of French traders who endeavored to prejudice them against the new comers. The Menomonees, at this time, were very much reduced, having, but a short time previous, lost three hundred of their warriors.

THE INDIAN TRIBES OF WISCONSIN.

by the small pox, and most of their chiefs in the late war in which they had been engaged by the then French commander there, against the English. They were glad to substitute English for French traders ; as they could purchase supplies of them at one half the price they had previously paid. It was not long before the sincerity of the Menomonees was put to the test. Pontiac's War of 1763 broke out, and the post of Mackinaw was captured. The garrison, however, at Green bay was not only not attacked by the savages, but, escorted by the Menomonees and other tribes, crossed Lake Michigan in safety to the village of L'Arbre Croche ; thence making their way to Montreal. The Menomonees continued their friendship to the English, joining with them against the Colonies during the Revolution, and fighting on the same side during the war of 1812-15.

When, in July, 1816, an American force arrived at Green bay to take possession of the country, the Menomonees were found in their village near by, very peaceably inclined. The commander of the troops asked permission of their chief to build a fort. " My Brother!" was the response, " how can we oppose your locating a council-fire among us? You are too strong for us. Even if we wanted to oppose you we have scarcely got powder and ball to make the attempt. One favor we ask is, that our French brothers shall not be disturbed. You can choose any place you please for your fort, and we shall not object." No trouble had been anticipated from the Menomonees, and the expectations of the government of the United States in that regard were fully realized. What added much to the friendship now springing up between the Menomonees and the Americans was the fact that the next year-1817-the annual contribution, which for many years had been made by the British, consisting of a shirt, leggins, breech-clout, and blanket for each member or the tribe, and for each family a copper kettle, knives, axes, guns and ammunition, was withheld by them.

It was found by the Americans, upon their occupation of the Menomonee territory, that some of the women of that tribe were married to traders and boatmen who had settled at the head of the bay, there being no white women in that region. Many of these were Canadians of French extraction; hence the anxiety that they should be well treated, which was expressed by the Menomonees upon the arrival of the American force. At this period there was a consider- able trade carried on with these Indians at Prairie du Chien, as many of them frequently win- tered on the Mississippi. The first regular treaty with this tribe was " made and concluded" on the thirtieth day of March, 1817, "by and between William Clark, Ninian Edwards, and Auguste Choutean, commissioners on the part and behalf of the United States of America, of the one part," and the chiefs and warriors, deputed by the Menomonees, of the other part. By the terms of this compact all injuries were to be forgiven and forgotten ; perpetual peace established; lands, heretofore ceded to other governments, confirmed to the United States ; all prisoners to be delivered up ; and the tribe placed under the protection of the United States, " and of no other nation, power, or sovereign, whatsoever." The Menomonees were now fully and fairly, and for the first time, entitled to be known as " American Indians," in contradistinction to the term which had been so long used as descriptive of their former allegiance-" British Indians."

The territory of the Menomonees, when the tribe was taken fully under the wing of the Gen- eral Government, had become greatly extended. It was bounded on the north by the dividing ridge between the waters flowing into Lake Superior and those flowing south into Green bay and the Mississippi ; on the east, by Lake Michigan ; on the south, by the Milwaukee river, and on the west by the Mississippi and Black rivers. This was their territory; though they were prac- tically restricted to the occupation of the western shore of Lake Michigan, lying between the mouth of Green bay on the north and the Milwaukee river on the south, and to a somewhat indefinite area west. Their general claim, as late as 1825, was north to the Chippewa country ;

HISTORY OF WISCONSIN.

east to Green bay and Lake Michigan; south to the Milwaukee river, and west to Black river. And what is most surprising is that the feeble tribe of 1761 had now, in less than three quarters of a century, become a powerful nation, numbering between three and four thousand.

The Menomonee territory, as late as 1831, still preserved its large proportions. Its eastern division was bounded by the Milwaukee river, the shore of Lake Michigan, Green bay, Fox river, and Winnebago lake; its western division, by the Wisconsin and Chippewa rivers on the west ; Fox river on the south ; Green bay on the east, and the high lands whence flow the streams into Lake Superior, on the north. This year, however, it was shorn of a valuable and large part by the tribe ceding to the United States all the eastern division, estimated at two and one half million acres. The following year, the Menomonees aided the General Government in the Black Hawk war.

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The history of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, Part 1

Author: Publication date: 1880 Publisher: Chicago, Western historical company Number of Pages: 1082

Author:
Publication date: 1880
Publisher: Chicago, Western historical company
Number of Pages: 1082