USA > Wisconsin > Fond du Lac County > The history of Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin > Part 62
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The towns through which the "Ledge" extends are more adapted to the successful raising of sheep than those which have more glades and meadow lands. Some portions are also well
414
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY.
adapted to the dairying and stoek raising, and the profit of adding these departments of farm- ing to that of simple plowing and sowing has recently become apparent. Nearly every town now has one or more cheese factories, and some have ercameries also, factories for making first butter and then "skimmed" cheese from the same milk. The quality of the butter and cheese made in Fond du Lac County is first-class. Wheat and hay produced here are second in quality to the products of no other county, and large quantities of pork, wool and beef, of excellent quality, are annually exported. The city of Fond du Lac is one of the best and most extensive wheat and wool markets in the State, while the city of Ripon is a leading point in the exporta- tion of live stock.
The town of Ripon leads all other towns in fruit raising, although producing orchards may be found in all sections of the county. Grapes, cherries and all kinds of berries are grown with profit wherever the farmers are disposed to devote the necessary labor and skill to their culture.
The business of breeding thorough-bred stock of all kinds has also got a strong foothold. In the cattle department, B. C. Matteson, of Rosendale, stands at the head, while A. Hargrave, of Ripon, Dorlan Mihills, of Taycheedah, and Sexmith Brothers, of Fond du Lac, are engaged in the same line. In the sheep department Henry Corliss, of Ripon, Ben. J. Gilbert, of Fond du Lac, and Bushnal Dodd, of Rosendale, are the leading breeders of blooded stock.
Farmers have recently turned their attention to raising sugar cane, and the contracted erop for 1880 is a large one. The plan is for farmers to contract with the owners of sugar factories for any number of aeres at $25 per acre, provided the crop averages, for instance, five stalks to the hill and the rows of hills are only three feet apart. The syrup made from amber sugar cane is pleasant to the taste, very sweet, of a beautiful amber color and commands a ready sale, being adapted to nearly all the departments in which sugar is used.
For 1875, the State census reports show that the county produced 90,302 acres of wheat. 21,966 of oats, 16,755 of corn, 4,494 of barley, 234 of rye and 50 acres of hops.
FARM PRODUCTS FOR 1859.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
No. Acres of Im-
No. of Pounds of
No. of Bushels of
No. of Pounds of
No. of Bushels of
Value of Orchard
No. of Pounds of
Value of Live
Value of Animals
Slaughtered.
Total Value of
Stock.
Ashford.
8553
27225
37812
2949
7802|5
9
16019$
33035|$
6731 $
39766
Auburn
3910
21186
14280
627
3089
5
13159
14779
3230
18009
Byron.
11556
300
77608
676:
6705
118
34625
47672
7947
55619
Eden
6968
10167
37413
2241
5256
10
31614
80412
4833
35275
Osceola
3544
7241
18049
556
2686
12188
12628
2714
15312
Calumet.
7558
352
12226
1456
8042
19347
30833
5203
34086
Empire
9317
90
39615
5045
5789
28450
42085
4855
46940
Forest
4689
7540
22265
754
6331
15940
19934
4161
24095
Marshfield.
929
4035
55562
1331
8950
18119
36636
5837
42473
Taycheedah
8115
300
37544'
1054
8405
29775
38880
6010
41890
Fond du Lac (Town)
7390
400
5103
256
2312
15
12850
8360
2329
10689
Lamartine.
11481
200
12381
3239
6723
90
37850
44157
6534
50691
Waupun Village
1436
10095
190
2693
11590
11192
5090
16282
Waupun Town.
12598
07836
3159
6920
109
37175
49875
9037
58912
Oakfield.
16235
81
68819
9704
8654
400,
40675
59613
8674
68287
Eldorado
14860
1040
51923
2628
10332
272
42890
57271
8313
65584
Springvale
22113
100
109941
6874
9678
174
45970
76135
9219
85354
Ripon Town.
18529
144262
2421
9508
451
39765
34185
8904
73089
Metomen.
15010
130467
4165
6716
126
42595
58967
12250
71217
Alto
17199
143593
1939
6734
46175
61128
7556
6868
Rosendale
18447
84619
7943
8888
286
43948
70556
8166
78722
Total
232561
80257
1176088 71477 142082
$1967.646954| $880043 $141798 51021841
proved Land.
Maple Sugar.
Wheat.
Wool.
Potatoes.
Products.
Butter.
Stock.
6105
37835
Friendship
2554
19675
6177
4367
26235
31730
mo.
FOND DU LAC.
417
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY.
NUMBER OF ACRES OF FARM PRODUCTS FOR 1879.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Wheat.
Corn.
Oats.
Barley. Rye. [Potatoes
Root Crops.
No. of Acres
Bearing Hops. Trees.
Cultiva- ted Grass.
Gro'g Timber.
Ashford
4575
750
1050
525
25
125
175
4736
1575!
2950
Auburn
2792
574
828
573
184
132
893
1727
8%
1332
6688
Alto .
3793
1537
1038
563
35
111]
1121
3140
1269
683
Byron.
5040
5763
9751
6973
134
2064
5850
2633
2270
Calumet
5496
712
1051
547
60
122
9,83
2757
1110
7824
Eden
1476
426
920
220
212
67
1650
21320
1776
Empire.
3020
489
455
236
13
82
155
2914.
2659
2039
Eldorado
4753
892
1069
491
6
137
3
169å¦
3811
23
1694
1353
Fond du Lac
3098
958
1121
749
94
1
74
1853
2799
771
Forest .
4200
400
620
300 | 20
110
100
2570
4000
1200
Friendship.
21161
548
7163
6374
11
591
1
443
1303
1246
1654
Lamartine
4300
1000
1000
400
15
189
120
1040
1
3300
900
Marshfield
1316
295
975
486
66
135
70
1440
915
212
Metomen
7710
2030
1290
745
15
100
741
11
281
- 9086
2560
1581
Osceola.
2490
500
650
240
35
160
87
2150
1300
$250
Ripon
1593
322
322
129
10
26
42
1009
107
349
Rosendale
5490
1120
1170
270
69
217
8850
1221
846
Springvale.
6916
1150
1137
6973
32
167
7
236
9748
2620|
1113
Taycheedah
5780
193
745
3443
1253
184
493
1538
44
2444
Waupun
45564
1358%
924
4313
2)
895
71
142
4647
1944
977
City of Ripon
428
148
99
78
19
3
19
4477
199
City of Wanpun, North Ward.
36
5
16
9
3
200
32
Total
87538
173681 19270 1 99033 72411
25233
363
26831
81106
12
60212| 45577
FARM PRODUCTS FOR 1879-(Continued).
NUMBER OF BUSHIELS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
Wheat.
Corn.
Oats.
Barley.
Rye.
Potatoes.
Root Crops.
Apples.
Clover Seed.
Timothy Seed.
Ashford
509051
17100
32859
6500
300
5136
1840
800
Auburn.
45247
22390
32392
6130
2804
5466
8433
729
6
Alto.
63970
48545
37825
7885
210
5730
1235
121
630
Byron.
84550
25594
14034
7984
291
7197
1609
61
75
t'alumet
68194
25830
36875
6889
2088
6495
2837
731
1
Eden
19724
8703
30820
8532
4270
174
157
Empire.
48254
21128
26769
3249
171
3944
1855
250
Eldorado.
71990
26298
35398
7759
8504
490
500
400
50
Fond du Lac.
33559
27417
32559
8691
130
2830
1600
1704
56
Forest ..
43800
11823
19852
3326
391
3984
200
865
627
Friendship.
33673
27530
25085
9842
259
4689
2686
966
351
Lamartine ..
58300
21000
34000
11000|
340
4060
Marshfield
44064
5034
23445
5824
860
5087
580
4-0
Metomen
86130
43810
54970
7330
63-15'
1960
251
659
Oakfield.
58230
37935
33133
7296
1012
3845
1390
5141
256
51
Osceola
23800
1-1000
21000
7000
120
4000
150
200
Ripon ..
73531
45015
14109
6205
150
7072
1300
1796
236
Rosendale.
71128
46755
39042
3656
5363
3850
1520
152
170
Springvale.
62119
49865
39325
6510
64
7072
1685
5564
274
205
Taycheedah.
64394
16800
31818
5025
2351
6866
235
1554
4341
Waupnn.
59385
24596|
43099
6182
1603
6683
800
3106
233
65
Ripon City
5922
4483
2115
705
702
25
1610
Waupun City, North Ward.
640
500
270
40
11
Totals
1171509
574651
718095.
143020 13514
116340 14361
372293
6864
2212
G
Oakfield
1573
1084
1098
4510
3775
1665
54%
41
APPLE ORCHARD.
No. of
419
...
..
418
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY.
FARM PRODUCTS FOR 1879-(Continued).
MILCH Cows.
NO. OF ACRES IIAR- VESTED FOR SEED.
NUMBER OF POUNDS.
NAMES OF TOWNS.
No.
Value.
Clover.
Timothy.
Flax.
Hops. Tobacco.
Cultivated Grasses.
Butter.
Cheese.
Ashford
500
5500
570
5150000
20040
58279
Auburn
595
8638
538
1)
6128
2912000
11115
104590
Alto ..
804
11180
67
232
2184000
52555
24280
Byron.
173
13903
44
7938000
17397
67000
C'alumet
734
11574
4823
4868
15655
Eden ..
501
8740
101
45329
7430
14234
Empire.
483
966
164
5
6580000
27155
1500
Eldorado
683
10494
300
3200
12000000
46010
1000
Fond du Lac
505
10100
116
47
9614000
226801
38283
Forest.
577
8655
329
148000
17000
24200
Friendship.
509
8066
13]
4276000
20160
300
Lamartine ..
850
13600
176
4600000
30000:
145000
Marshfield.
463
6482
366
125
1640000
9890
13700
Metomen.
803
13815
148
146
6348000
61050
25300
Oakfield
685
13225
219
131
7790000
44567
137685
Osceola ..
650
6500
80
2400000
10000
45000
Ripon ..
108
1698
32
1680
5400000
31080
10575
Rosendale.
704
12252
124
31
4674000
51060
24370
Springvale.
583
12701
198
35
5768000 36025
100336
Taycheedalı
714
5589
234}
628000
9430
190255
Waupun ..
971
17605
135
11
3063: 32850
168500
Ripou City.
291
5407
50
221
2550
6550
Waupun City, North Ward.
17
267
5
200
1100
Totals
13503
206957
44103
511}
1680
9453
50 90098613 609679 1217692
The farmers of Fond du Lac County support one agricultural paper, the Farmer, at Fond du Lac, and have several brisk and well-attended farmers' clubs, with more in process of organization.
TIIE DAIRYING INTERESTS OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY.
The dairying interests of Fond du Lac County have grown to dimensions of importance, second, perhaps, to those of but one other county in Wisconsin. It is the pioneer county in dairying, and would be second to none except for the rich returns of other agricultural pursuits. The soil is not especially adapted to grazing and to nothing else, as is the case with dairying sections outside of Fond du Lac County, but is simply good, rich soil, suitable for grazing or grain.
The first factory cheese shipped out of Wisconsin, the first cheese factory and the first Dairyman's Association in the State, all belonged to Fond du Lac County.
The very first cheese made, as the beginning of an experimental business enterprise, was made in the spring of 1844, by Chester Hazen, in the town of Springvale. In 1850, he kept twenty cows for their milk, and made the product into cheese, after the improved plan, using vats. During thirty years from that time, cheese-making as a business for profit has been con- tinued on that same farm by the same man, and always with satisfactory results.
In 1852, Warren Florida, of the town of Waupun, began making cheese from a small dairy of cows; and George D. Curtis, of Rosendale, began also in a small way the same season. About the same time, perhaps a year later, Henry Bush, of Byron, put a dairy of cows on his farm, and began making cheese. From that period on, home dairying increased more or less rapidly in Fond du Lac County, until the days of cheese factories. During the war, owing to the high price of cheese, new dairies sprang into existence in almost every portion of the county, and made money for their proprietors.
419
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY.
The first cheese factory erected in Wisconsin was built by Chester Hazen, in the town of Springvale, Fond du Lac County, and put in operation in the season of 1864, with the milk from 100 cows. The factory was a great curiosity, and was considered an experiment. The next season, 1865, he had the lacteal product of 200 cows ; that of 400, in 1868, and of 1,000, in 1870. Business of an equally large scale was continued by Mr. Hazen's factory four or five years after 1870, until other factories began to be built around him, when it dropped to 500 cows, the product of which number is now made into cheese at his factory.
The second cheese factory in Fond du Lac County was erected in 1866, in the north por- tion of Springvale, by Vincent & Waterman. Later in the same season, Strong & Hammond built a factory in Oakfield, and during the following fall or winter it was ready for milk. Dur- ing the season of 1867. J. J. Smith built a factory in Ripon. This is now but little used, the farmers about Ripon having recently very largely dropped the dairying business, owing to the unprofitable price of cheese. During the next four or five years, a comparatively large number of factories were built, and most of them did a flourishing business. The report made for 1870 showed the following factories in operation that year : Ladoga factory-625 cows, 1,923,264 pounds of milk, made into 194,544 pounds of cured cheese ; Brandon factory-423.719 pounds of milk. 42,058 pounds of cured cheese; Rosendale factory-475 cows, and made 44 tons of cured cheese; Waupun factory-150 cows, 76,954 pounds of green cheese; Treleven's factory, in Fond du Lac-150 cows and 31,108 pounds of cured cheese: Ripon factory-300 cows. 63,454 pounds of green cheese; Oakfield factory-800,000 pounds of milk, which made 88,889 pounds of cheese ; Alto factory-175 cows, 290,561 pounds of milk, and 31,092 pounds of cheese : J. A. Smith's factory, in Fond du Lac-56 cows, from which were made 15,000 pounds of cheese in ninety days; Spafford's factory, in Fond du Lac-100 cows, from which were made 16,908 pounds of cheese; Ellsworth's factory, in Metomen-150 cows, from which were made 14 tons of cheese.
In 1870, the first factory cheese shipped from Wisconsin in car lots, was sent from the Hazen factory, at Ladoga, Fond du Lac County. Since then the practice of shipping and box- ing at the factories has become common.
In 1879, there were thirty cheese factories in operation in Fond du Lac County, in which were manufactured 2,244,000 pounds of cheese, which, although a falling-off of nearly 25 per cent from the product of 1878, is still four times as great as the product of 1870. To make this amount of cheese in 1879, required the milk of 4,500 cows.
At the International Dairy Fair held in December, 1878, at the American Institute, New York, the first prize for Wisconsin factory cheese, was awarded to Chester Hazen, of Fond du Lac County.
In 1870, the first Dairyman's Association ever organized in the State of Wisconsin was formed in Fond du Lac County. Chester Hazen was President, and H. C. Strong, Secretary. At its second meeting, held February 10, 1871. Chester Hazen was re-elected President: F. S. Jenkins and W. J. Jennings, Vice Presidents ; H. D. Hitt, Treasurer, and H. C. Strong. Secretary. A Board of Directors, consisting of William Knight, of Alto; Charles Norris, of Brandon ; James Cornell, of Byron ; D. D. Treleven, of Fond du Lac; A. C. Whiting, of Springvale: Abel Bristol, of Oakfield; H. C. Waterman, Rosendale; William Starr, of Ripon ; John Howard, of Waupun, and Ed Reynolds, of Metomen, was also elected. A neat report in pamphlet form was published, and the Association was in a healthy condition. In 1872, the State Dairyman's Association was formed, and Chester Hazen was its President, the Fond du Lac County Association being merged with the State Association. Chester Hazen. who is now Vice President of the State Dairyman's Association, was its President during 1872. 1873 and 1874. He has done much to make a reputation abroad for Fond du Lac County cheese and butter, which now bring the highest market price in all the Eastern cities.
While Fond du Lac County does not lead all other counties at the present time in the value of her butter and cheese products, she has the honor of first demonstrating that dairying could
420
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY.
be successfully followed in Wisconsin, and thus put other localities, where grain raising was more unprofitable, in possession of knowledge that has since made them richer, and also made Wis- consin famous for the very finest quality of butter and cheese. Dairying has fallen off since the beginning of 1879 in Fond du Lac County for the very best of reasons, viz., the ruinously low prices paid for butter and cheese. During that year, butter could actually be bought for 7 cents and cheese for 43 to 5 cents per pound, and those who could contract their butter for 10 cents or 12} per pound thought themselves exceedingly fortunate. Many farmers would not sell at such insignificant prices and dropped at once the business of making butter and cheese. At the beginning of 1880, however, both these articles rose to much higher prices, cheese bringing from 14 to 16 cents and butter 20 to 22 cents per pound, and the outlook for dairy keepers is again bright.
Not all the factories in Fond du Lac County mentioned as cheese factories are used in the manufacture of cheese alone, some of them being creameries where butter alone, or both butter and cheese are made. Perhaps the most novel and finest equipped creamery in the county is near the farm of A. Atwood, in the town of Waupun. The milk in this creamery is cooled by draughts of cold air which have passed into a large tunnel made for the purpose and passed many rods under ground to the building. These currents are sufficiently cold and always steady and reliable, the earth at the depth to which the tunnel was dug being always cool. This was the first creamery of the kind ever erected, and was first run during 1878 by W. T. Brooks.
COUNTY AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL SOCIETY.
The Fond du Lac County Agricultural and Mechanical Society was organized on the 5th of July, 1852, at Rosendale, and the first fair was held there on the 26th and 30th days of September following. The amount of premiums awarded that year was $261.50, but the spirit proved to be willing and the flesh weak in the distribution, for the amount actually realized and divided was only 13 per cent of the awards. The next year, 1853, the fair was held at Fond du Lac, and, being instructed by the result of the year before, the Society's Committee made the more modest award of $199, and managed, from the receipts, to pay 873 per cent of the awards. The next year, 1854, by a judicious compromise, the premium obligations appear to have been fully dis- charged by the distribution of $78 in cash and twenty-six volumes of the transactions of the State Agricultural Society. In 1855, the fair was held at Fond du Lac, and showed an encour- aging degree of improvement-the premiums awarded being $160 in cash and several volumes of Patent Office Reports. In 1856, the figures, for some reason, show a slight falling-off-the amount of awards being $157.50. The year 1857 was a little better, and shows premiums to the amount of $192.50 ; and from this date the fairs and affairs of the society show a decided recuperation. The fair was held at Ripon on the 23d and 24th days of September, 1858, and was a success, the total receipts amounting to $282.07, of which there was awarded and dis- bursed as premiums, $245.50. In 1859, was the " big year "-the Society having realized from admission, membership tickets and subscriptions, the snug sum of $452.15, of which $211.75 was invested in conveniences and fixings, then much needed by the Society, and $252.60 disbursed as premiums. This fair was held in Fond du Lac. Last year, 1860, the Society was also self- sustaining, and held an interesting fair at Fond du Lac, paying from its own resources $276 cash premiums. As to the fair of 1861, " It is not unfair to presume that with ordinary fair-play it would have proven a successful affair, but unwelcome warfare interfered sadly with its welfare."
All succeeding fairs after the first one have been held in the city of Fond du Lac. The Society leased grounds on the southern limits of the city which had been purchased and fitted up as a race track by the " Fond du Lac Stock Growers' Association." The Society erected an exhibition building, and the necessary appurtenances for holding fairs. There the annual shows were held with varied success and reverses until 1874, when, on the 20th of June of that year, a re-organ- ization of the Society was effected, on the stock plan, and the following By-Laws were adopted :
SECTION 1. The annual meeting of the Society shall be held in the city of Fond du Lac on the first Wednesday succeeding the first Monday in January, in each year, at 12 o'clock noon.
421
HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY.
Sec. 2. The affairs of the Society shall be under the direction of a Board of thirteen Directors, who shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting. A majority of all the votes enst shall be necessary to an clection, and no person shall be eligible to election as a Director unless he is a stockholder, and has paid all assessments made upon the shares of stock held by him.
Scc. 3. Shares of stock on which assessments shall have been paid, shall be entitled to one vote, but no stock shall be represented by proxy.
Sec. 4. The Board of Directors, on receiving official notice of their election, shall within one week after receiv- ing such notice, meet and elect from among their number a President, Vice President, Secretary and,Treasurer, and an Executive Committee of five, including the President and Secretary, who shall be ex officio members of said committee.
SEC. 5. The Executive Committee shall have, under the direction of the Board of Directors, general supervision of the affairs of the Society, and perform such other duties as may be imposed upon them by the Board of Directors.
SEC. 6. The Treasurer shall give bonds for the faithful performance of his duties as the Board of Directors may direct.
SEC. 7. No moneys shall be paid out of the Treasury unless appropriated by a majority of the Executive Com- mittee, and on the warrant of the President, attested by the Secretary, except the premiums awarded may be paid upon the certificate of the Secretary.
SEC. 8. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Secretary upon the written request of three Directors
SEC. 9. The Secretary shall cause to be published in at least two newspapers published in the city of Fond du Lac, notice of all regular meetings of the Society, at least two weeks prior to such meeting.
SEC. 10. Vacancies occurring in the Board of Directors may be filled by a majority of Directors elect.
SEC. 11. A majority of Directors elect shall be necessary to constitute, a quorum.
SEC. 12. These by-laws may be amended by a majority of the stockholders present at any regular or adjourned meeting of the Society.
SEC. 13. In all matters otherwise not provided for, the Board shall be governed by the usual parliamentary usages.
SEC. 14. Each stockholder shall be entitled to one ticket, admitting himself to the grounds at all times, when under the control of the Society, which ticket shall be forfeited when in any hands except bis own.
SEC. 15. No entry fee shall be charged for articles on exhibition.
SEC. 16. No certificate of stock shall be transferable except on the books of the Society, and in case of transfer, the President and Secretary shall cancel the old certificate and issue a new certificate to purchaser.
Under the new order of things, George Keys, of Empire, was elected President, H. G. Halsted, of Rosendale, Treasurer, and Dana C. Lamb, of Fond du Lac, Secretary. The capital stock was fixed at $15,000, in shares of $25 each, and more than $10,000 was subscribed. The new company, in consideration of the improvements made by the old organization, assumed to pay its debts, including the premium-list of 1873. The grounds were put in good condition, a fine amphitheater and numerous cattle and horse sheds built, wells sunk, the track put in order, and preparations made for a grand exhibition, and the hopes of the new directory were not disap- pointed, as the fair of 1874 was acknowledged to have been one of the finest exhibitions ever held in the State. The next year, under the same officers, the fair was again successful. In 1876, the following named gentlemen were elected as officers : President, Chester Hazen. Spring- vale ; Vice President, John H. Martin, Fond du Lac ; Secretary, Dana C. Lamb, Fond du Lac : Treasurer, Henry G. Halsted, Rosendale. That year, the receipts of the fair, shown by the report of the Treasurer, reached nearly $3,000. The fair of 1877, by the same officers, nearly or quite equaled the former ones under the re-organization. The officers for 1878 were : H. D. Hitt, of Oakfield, President ; F. B. Hoskins, of Fond du Lac, Treasurer, and Gustave de Neveu, of Empire, Secretary. Owing to bad weather, the receipts of the fair for 1878 were light, and no premiums were paid. The fair of 1879 was blessed with fine weather, and the receipts were sufficient to meet all demands.
RIPON AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.
The Ripon Agricultural Association was undertaken by Ripon in its mature years, but it was indebted for its establishment. in great part, to the same men who had carried forward earlier enterprises of a public nature to success. It originated in the " Farmers' Club"-a voluntary institution, which had been in successful operation for two years or more-in the summer of 1866. Like all American operations, it elicited a world of talk, and, like most Ripon opera- tions, that talk resulted in successful action. The usual machinery of public meetings, committees and subcommittees. was resorted to-nothing can be done in this country without
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HISTORY OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY.
public meetings and committees-and, as ever, the question of first importance was that of ways and means. Upon a careful comparison of views, it was decided that it would be practicable to organize and commence business on a paid-up capital of $5,000. But how to obtain the $5,000 was the question. It was a very considerable amount of money to raise when there was no immediate prospect of a return. It was thought that a subscription of $25 by each citizen interested would be most available; and it was, therefore, resolved that the capital of the Asso- ciation should be divided into shares of $25 each ; and, as a special inducement to subscribers, it was proposed that each holder of paid-up stock should be entitled to a free ticket, giving him- self and family free access to the fair grounds on all occasions whatever. This was, undoubtedly, the proposition which made the movement a success.
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