USA > Wisconsin > Langlade County > History of Langlade County, Wisconsin, from U. S. government survey to present time, with biographical sketches > Part 17
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The County Agricultural Representative movement, born in Oneida County, Wisconsin, has expanded over the entire nation. Langlade County has had three County Agents. The first, F. G. Swoboda, now Gener- al Manager of the Wisconsin Cheese Federation, com- menced duties in 1913.
During his tenure in office, 75 meetings were held the first ten months. In the same time 395 farms were visited, 2,726 letters were written to farmers, 2,113 of-
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HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY.
fice visits were made by farmers and 41 committee meetings were attended. The pure bred cattle organ- izations, short courses, cow testing association, com- munity fairs, bee keepers' association and potato grow- ers' association, were either organized or developed during his tenure. He resigned in June, 1918.
J. J. Garland, Emergency Demonstration Agent, took up the work after the resignation of F. G. Swo- boda. During his regime potato growers were induc- ed to treat seed before planting; membership in the potato growers' association was increased; Dr. Ball, State Entomologist, examined potato fields attacked by leaf hoppers; boys' and girls' clubs were organized in 29 schools; 272 members joined the sheep club; poultry contests were conducted; a land clearing dem- onstration was held in Little Chicago district, sheep raising was encouraged and in 1918, 26 pure bred sires, 5 Guernseys and 12 Holstein breeds were brought into the county through the agent.
W. M. Bewick took charge of the County Agency in April, 1918. During his tenure, 3,345 letters were written to farmers, 1,849 conferences were held, 151 days were spent in field work, the township agricul- tural committee system was partially operative, land clearings, live stock improvement, potato inspection, sheep club work, calf clubs, and poultry contests were conducted. Mr. Bewick resigned in November, 1920.
POTATO GROWERS.
The Langlade County Potato Growers' Association was organized in 1914. The most enthusiastic mem- bers of the unit are: Homer Beattie, J. W. Smith of Kent, famous for his Smith strain of Triumphs, best in the U. S., Peter Krier and C. Sorenson. Local exhi- bits have been conducted, the most important in 1916. The association has not been active in late years. There is no reason why Langlade County should not be the banner potato county.
PURE BRED CATTLE ORGANIZATIONS.
Langlade County has three pure bred cattle or- ganizations, whose objects are to promote and im- prove the quality of stock possessed by Langlade County farmers.
The Langlade County Jersey Breeders' Association was organized in March, 1914, by F. G. Swoboda, County Agent. First officers were: President, Blaine Stewart; Vice President, Harry Lyons; Secretary, P. T. Gillett; Treasurer, Charles Schotte. Present offi- cers are: President, Charles Schotte; Vice President, Harry Lyons; Secretary, John Maichen; Treasurer, A. Oldenburg. The first meeting was held at the court house. Twenty members are now active.
The Langlade County Holstein Breeders' Associa- tion was organized by F. G. Swoboda, County Agent, in 1915. First officers were: President, George Wun- derlich; Vice President, Walter Lloyd; Secretary, F. G. Swoboda; Treasurer, Adam Guenthner. First meet- ings were held at the court house. Business sessions are held in the winter and an annual summer outing
and picnic is enjoyed. Present officers are : President, Henry Diercks, Bryant; Vice President, Theodore Miller, Antigo township; Secretary, Clemans Bemis, Rolling township; Treasurer, Adam Guenthner. Thir- ty-five progressive breeders are members of the or- ganization.
The Langlade County Guernsey Breeders' Associa- tion was organized in May, 1915. First officers chos- en were: President, Anton Follstad; G. Schroeder, Treasurer; F. G. Swoboda, Secretary. Present offi- cers are : President, R. P. Guptil; Secretary-Treasurer, Anton Follstad. Eighteen Guernsey breeders in Lang- lade County are members.
POULTRY ASSOCIATION ORGANIZED.
The Langlade County Poultry Association was or- ganized by A. B. Goodrick and E. J. Goodrick, Novem- ber 12, 1912. The object of the association is to en- courage and assist breeding and raising pure bred poultry, pigeons and pet stock and the public exhibi- tion thereof.
SOIL TESTS ON COUNTY FARMS.
Four factors are considered in soil fertility. The crop producing ability of a soil depends upon the amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash and acidity there is in the soil.
Soil tests have been made by the state soils labora- tory, University of Wisconsin. Field examinations and chemical analysis was made by H. W. Ullsperger and E. J. Graul of the College of Agriculture. Tests were made on the following farms: Carl Follstad, George Moss, Casper Jilek, Walter Heyl, Joseph Guenthner, S. B. Ullman, H. W. McDougall, Earl French, Homer Beattie, D. C. Dewey, Herman Wirth, Prosser Brothers, Charles Johnson, Charles Motts, William Pheister, Head & Jackson, Edward Nordman, B. Berendsen, Moss & Levis, George Grossman, E. S. Tradewell, Albert Kelly and Knight Brothers.
1,842 FARMS IN COUNTY.
In 1909, 30,000 acres of land were under cultivation in the county. In 1910, 128,828 acres were such as to be classed as farm lands. Ten years later farm lands increased to 152,683 acres, or an increase of 27.3 per cent. In 1920 there were 5,833 acres of county plow land in pasture. Statistics reveal that in 1920 there were 1,842 farms in the county, 1,776 of which were managed by their owners. Today Langlade County has farms classified as follows: 775 farms between 50 to 99 acres; 368 farms between 100 to 174 acres; 49 farms between 175 to 259 acres; 24 farms between 260 to 499 acres; 4 farms between 500 to 990 acres; 2 farms over 1,000 acres; 7 farms under 3 acres; 34 farms between 3 and 9 acres; 76 farms between 10 and 19 acres and 503 farms between 20 and 49 acres.
The average Langlade County farm is 821/2 acres. Contrast the number of farms in the county in 1922 with the year 1881 when there were two-thirds less in- habitants in the county than there are farms today.
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HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY.
Although the entire acreage of Langlade County is far from under cultivation there is not a great amount of waste land. Agriculture is diversified, farmers not being confined to one single crop, therefore they must not rely on the results of one product.
1921 STATISTICS.
No. of horses and mules in Langlade County __ 5,467 No. of neat cattle in Langlade County 19,689
No. of sheep in Langlade County 3,006
No. of swine in Langlade County 3,739
The assessed value per acre of land without im- provements is by townships as follows:
Ackley 18.62
Ainsworth
16.32
Antigo
56.99
Elcho
15.35
Elton
19.57
Evergreen
14.64
Langlade
15.84
Neva
31.87
Norwood
21.32
Peck
15.07
Polar
15.73
Price
15.97
Rolling 26.49
Summit
11.17
Upham
14.77
Vilas
14.91
The first thresher used in Langlade County was bought by Willard L. Ackley, the first settler, in 1883. from the J. C. Lewis Hardware Company of Antigo.
PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY.
Langlade County, Wisconsin, is one of the most
active grange centers in the United States. At the 1922 session of the Wisconsin Granges at Rhineland- er, Oneida County, Wisconsin, Langlade County grange leaders took a prominent part.
Edward Utnehmer, Polar Township, member of Po- lar Grange, is State Overseer; Chaplain of the state unit is J. H. Howe of Winner Grange, Antigo town- ship; Gatekeeper of the state unit is Floyd Frederick- son of Antigo, and Fred Swenson of Langlade County is a member of the state executive committee.
Pomona Grange, No. 20, Patrons of Husbandry, was organized by State Organizer John F. Wilde, Rhinelander. The Pomona Grange is the parent unit over the subordinate granges in Langlade County. Its purpose is to solidify subordinate granges for mu- tual helpfulness and to discuss such questions of gen- eral benefit tending to educate and elevate the Lang- lade County farmer.
First officers of Pomona Grange, No. 20, Langlade County, were: Master, P. T. Gillett; Overseer, A. F. Goodman; Lecturer, George Sloat, Sr .; Steward, Jacob Price; Assistant Steward, Chester Nelson; Lady As- sistant Steward, Jessie Dudley; Chaplain, Mrs. Mal- colm Hutchinson; Treasurer, William Shanks; Trea- surer, J. H. Howe; Gatekeeper, Theodore Kieper; Ceres, Amanda Koch; Pomona, Della Naumann; Flora, Mrs. J. H. Howe; Trustees, William Hafecker, David Mader and Norman Koch.
The present Master is Fred Swenson; H. H. Schroe- der is Overseer; Alex Henry, Treasurer; Mrs. Cora Utnehmer, Secretary; Chaplain, Mrs. Fred Swenson; Lecturer, Mrs. Jess Dudley. Trustees are P. T. Gil- lett, H. H. Schroeder and Otto Hanke. Meetings arc held every two months at a designated subordinate grange and occur on the fourth Thursday.
AN EXCITING MOMENT IN A MOTORCYCLE RACE AT THE LANGLADE COUNTY FAIR. The Langlade County Fair Association has held races in connection with its annual agricultural exhibitions since 1886. The old Antigo Trotting Association was the first organization to use the race track.
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HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY.
CHAPTER XIX. Medicine, Doctors, Chiropractors
First Hospital-Writings of Hypocrates-First Autopsy-Medical Associations-Langlade County Doctors-Trials and Tribulations-Drugs and Instruments-Medical Statutes-First and Sec- ond Langlade County Medical Societies-Dental Association-Dentists-School of Chiropractics -List of Physicians-Chiropractors.
Before the time of Hypocrates, the healing of the sick or the art of medicine was joined with the mis- sion of Gods and priests. Religion, medicine and the superstition of the people combined into a so-called science of the ancients.
The writings of Hypocrates were standard guides for the medical profession for centuries after his death. Galen in 130 A. D., Andrew Vesalius in 1514, William Harvey in 1628, each were epochal medical writers. Edward Jenner, discoverer of vaccination against smallpox, Dr. Morton of Boston in 1846, dis- coverer of anaesthetix properties of suphuric ether, all of these and others since, have done much to ad- vance medical and surgical science.
tez, Spanish conqueror of Mexico. February, 1752, the first hospital was opened in the United States by Drs. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Bond in Phila- delphia.
LANGLADE COUNTY HOSPITALS.
Antigo and Langlade County are served by two hospitals. The City Hospital, owned by Dr. E. J. Donohue, located at the intersection of First Avenue and Superior Street, and the Antigo Hospital, owned by Drs. G. E. and G. W. Moore, located at 1404 Fifth Avenue.
The first Langlade County hospital was a frame
romi
THE ANTIGO HOSPITAL
Located at 1404 Fifth Avenue. It was purchased by Dr. G. W. Moore. former Antigo physician on January 3, 1918.
During the past quarter of a century, particularly during the World War (1914-19) great strides were made in surgery.
The first autopsy held in America was upon the re- mains of John Bridge of Roxbury, Massachusetts, who died of "Winde Collicke," August 20, 1674. The first doctors in the United States were Dr. Thomas Woot- ten of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, Dr. Walter Rus- sell, 1608, and Dr. Lawrence Bohun in 1610. The first hospital in the world was built at Jerusalem by Helena, mother of Constantine, about 350 A. D. The first American hospital was built before 1524 by Cor-
structure situated between Milton and Superior Streets where now the Langlade County Normal dormitory is located. It was organized by Dr. I. D. Steffen in 1889. He conducted it for three years.
Dr. I. D. Steffen purchased a piece of property in Antigo from Theresa Hirtz, March 11, 1897, and opened the Antigo Hospital. He sold the property to Mayme Boyle in 1917 and she in turn sold it to Dr. G. W. Moore, January 3, 1918. Dr. G. W. Moore has since associated with Dr. G. E. Moore, his former partner, in conducting the hospital.
Dr. E. J. Donohue purchased a two story brick struc-
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HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY.
ture from Osca Daskam, June 3, 1911. The proper- ty, located in block 2 of Daskam's subdivision, was converted into the City Hospital. It is in charge of the Misses Agnes and Theresa Donohue.
FIRST COUNTY PHYSICIANS.
The first Langlade County doctor was Dr. E. Smith, who came to Antigo from Little Suamico, Oconto County. Dr. Smith did not remain long in Antigo. He was immediately followed by Dr. F. J. Despins, who stopped for a time at the Springbrook House. Dr. Smith came here in 1880. Other pioneer doctors were Dr. E. A. Beckel, Dr. G. W. Moody, Dr. G. W. Rem- ington, Dr. J. H. Dawley, Dr. M. J. Lower, Dr. F. J. Doyle, and Dr. Mills, dentist.
TRIALS OF EARLY PHYSICIANS.
Today we cannot imagine the trials and vicissitudes that confronted the pioneer physician of 1880. Be- fore Langlade County was organized it was necessary
remedies. These ordinarily consisted of herbs, barks, liniments, ointments, secured by stage from Shawano or Wausau. The families would "stock up" on such medicine as St. Jacob's Oil, Seller's Cough Syrup, burdock and pleurisy root and other home remedies.
The pioneer housewife was always on hand when illness overtook a neighbor or a member of her own family. She usually had a remedy for most any dis- ease and when her remedy failed a doctor was called. His methods were crude compared with modern medi- cal methods, but in justice to the pioneer doctor, he brought relief to as many a patient and exhibited as much resourcefulness and common sense as do the modern physicians. Many of the herbs and medicines of early days did not possess pleasing tastes. "I can taste some of the medicine yet," remarked a pio- neer of 1879.
If Drs. E. Smith and F. J. Despins, the first doctors in the county, could come back to earth and witness the wonderful progress made in Antigo and vicinity,
THE CITY HOSPITAL, ANTIGO, WIS. Purchased from Osca Daskam by Dr. E. J. Donohue on June 3, 1911. This hospital is located at the corner of Superior Street and First Avenue.
for settlers to send to Shawano, Wausau or Clinton- ville for a physician. Many a life was in the bal- ance while the doctor, far away, with poor roads, wound his way through the forests, either on horse- back or with his "buckboard" and pony. When calls were made in evenings in later years many a doctor would lose his way in the dark wilderness. Over on the Wolf River, Jeannie Hill, now Mrs. Art Janes, and Mrs. Charles Larzelere, who nursed many a sick per- son, recalled sending to Clintonville for a doctor, who would often be two to three days on the way.
DOMESTIC MEDICINES.
It is only reasonable to see that because of these conditions so prevalent in New County and Langlade, afterwards, every household was provided with home
see the flying machine, the automobile, the roaring 20th century passenger train, the great farm tractors and observe doctors talking with patients miles dis- tant, prescribing treatment by radiophone or tele- phone and giving other medical advice, they would be thunderstruck, so to speak. If they could visit the late meetings of the county Medical Society, hear the papers read and the medical terms created since their day, they would be amazed.
Many instruments and necessary appliances could not be secured by early physicians. The pioneer doc- tor acted as nurse, interne, attendant and operator. His hospital was a room in the home of the patient. The X-ray and other electrical apparatus were un- known. Asceptic surgery, as practiced today, was in embryological stages.
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HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY.
THE FIRST LANGLADE COUNTY MEDICAL
SOCIETY.
The first Langlade County Medical Society was or- ganized April 19, 1897, with the following officers : President, M. E. Williams; Vice President, Dr. M. J. Lower; Secretary, Dr. B. F. Harris, and Treasurer, J. H. Dawley.
LANGLADE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The present Langlade County Medical Society was organized in the municipal council chambers by Dr. J. M. Dodd, councilor of District No. 10, now Dis- trict 11 (La Crosse District), of the State Medical Society, October 9, 1903. Officers elected were : Presi- dent, Dr. I. D. Steffen; Vice President, Dr. M. J. Donohue; Secretary, Dr. F. I. Drake; Board of Cen- sors, Dr. F. V. Watson, Dr. M. A. Flatley, and Dr. M. J. Donohue. Meetings were set at the first Friday of December, March, June and September. Present of- ficers are : President, Dr. L. A. Steffen; Vice President, Dr. E. R. Murphy; Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. J. C. Wright.
The purpose of the society is to bring into one or- ganization the physicians of the county, so that by frequent meetings and full and frank discussion, in- terchange of views, they may secure such intelligent unity and harmony as will elevate the opinion of the profession in all scientific, legislative, public health, material and social affairs, to the end that the pro- fession may receive that respect and support within its own ranks and from the community to which its honorable history and achievements entitle it.
The county unit is a part of the state society and the American Medical Association, parent organiza- tions.
The annual meeting, with banquet, was introduced in 1910. The society did commendable service dur- ing the World War as a unit as also did its members.
The first medical banquet was held February 9, 1910.
LIST OF PHYSICIANS.
Langlade County physicians who have served re- spective communities since 1880 to date are: Dr. E. Smith, Dr. F. J. Despins, Dr. G. W. Remington, Dr. F. A. Beckel, Dr. J. H. Dawley, Dr. M. J. Lower, Dr. C. Munn, Dr. E. A. Craine, Dr. M. E. Williams, Dr. J. W. Moody, Dr. B. F. Harris, Dr. G. R. Shaw, Dr. J. Weiss, Dr. E. P. Cook, Dr. M. J. Donohue, Dr. E. J. Donohue, Dr. J. F. Doyle, Dr. I. D. Steffen, Dr. Frank, Dr. H. T. Field, Dr. G. W. Moore, Dr. G. W. Develaar, Dr. G. H. Williamson, Dr. C. L. Cline, Dr. H. P. Beattie (woman), Dr. G. L. Bellis, Dr. N. Kahn, Dr. H. G. Westphal, Dr. J. P. Percival, Dr. W. H. Ellis, Dr. T. J. Flatley, Dr. M. A. Flatley, Dr. O. G. Wolfgram, Dr. E. E. Couch, Dr. J. M. Sattler, Dr. L. A. Leysner, Dr. Clayton Charles, Dr. F. V. Watson, Dr. E. A. King, Dr. E. R. Murphy, Dr. G. E. Moore, Dr. J. P. Gillis, Dr. P. J. Dailey, Dr. Lyman Steffen, Dr. Edward Zellmer, Dr. E. G. Bloor, Dr. J. C. Wright and Dr. F. Drake.
CHIROPRACTORS.
Present Antigo Chiropractors are: Harry Zuehlke, J. J. Healy, Julius Below and Miss Alma Hanson. In 1912-13 the Antigo School of Chiropractics conducted by Paul Von de Schoeppe enjoyed state and nation- wide reputation. The school graduated many chiro- practors.
LANGLADE COUNTY DENTAL ASSOCIATION.
The Langlade County Dental Association organized June, 1919, with the following officers: President, Dr. F. C. Kestly; Vice President, Dr. C. B. Baker; Secre- tary-Treasurer, Dr. A. A. Hoffman. Meetings are held every two months. Present officers are: President, Dr. C. B. Baker; Vice President, Dr. John Prokupek ; Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. A. N. Anderson.
Dr. H. V. Mills, first Langlade County dentist, came to Antigo in 1882. Present Antigo dentists are: Dr. H. V. Mills, Dr. F. C. Judson, Dr. F. C. Kestly, Dr. J. Prokupek, Dr. N. P. Kelly, Dr. Jos. Gillis, Dr. A. N. Anderson, Dr. A. A. Hoffman, Dr. Harry B. Dresser and Dr. C. B. Baker.
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HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY.
CHAPTER XX. Soil Formation in Langlade County
General Character of Surface-Glacial Drifts-Merrimac Silt Loam-Gloucester Series-Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks of Archean System-Spencer Silt Loam-Peat Formations-Wolf River Ledges-Elevation of Antigo and Summit Lake.
Langlade County owes the general character of its surface to glacial action. Geologists have divided the time required to develop the earth to its present state in cycles or ages. Thus where rocks predominate they can be studied and their geologic age can be ascertained.
Two distinct periods of glaciation are represented in Langlade County. The older drift is confined to the southwestern part. The surface is gently rolling with no lakes and only a few undrained tracts. The newer glacial drift covers the rest of the county. The surface is more irregular, the drainage system, while developed, has not become so well established. Lakes and swamps abound. Thus the soils of the entire county are the result of glacial drifts.
In northeastern Langlade County a small tract of land is underlain by igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Archean system, consisting of granite, gneis and schist, with subordinate greenstone, porphyries and syenites. Here numerous outcrops occur and the formation has contributed extensively to the overly- ing soils.
Gloucester silt loam is an important soil. Elton and Langlade townships have important areas. This type consists of a brown or light brown, friable loess-like silt loam, which extends to an average depth of from 12 to 14 inches. Much organic matter is present, the amount of silt is higher and the percentage of coarse material lower than in the rolling phase of the same type. The subsoil becomes heavier with depth. Be- low 30 inches the subsoil grades into a bed of un- assorted glacial till of sand and gravel.
Stones and boulders are present on the surface. As to distribution, while not uniform, they range in diame- ter from 12 to 14 inches. In the Gloucester silt loam territory of the county there are many stone-free areas of considerable size and with liming and in- noculation of soil, livestock, dairying, potato culture and small grain growing have been developed.
EASTERN AND CENTRAL LANGLADE COUNTY.
The Gloucester silt loam, rolling phase, predomin- ates in the eastern and central portions of Langlade County. Associated with it are the typical soil and numerous areas of the Gloucester sandy loam. The rolling Gloucester phase consists to an average depth of 10 to 12 inches of a grayish brown, friable silt loam, with smooth feel. It contains organic matter in a moderate degree. This soil has somewhat the appearance of loess. The sub-soil of the rolling phase
consists of yellow, yellowish brown or slightly gray- ish yellow silt loam becoming heavier in texture with depth, extending to a depth of 20 to 26 inches. Be- low this depth the percentage of sand and gravel in- creases. In sections 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 of Town- ship 34, Range 10 east and in sections 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in Township 33, Range 11 east, of the county, there is a considerable amount of fine sand incorpor- ated in both soil and sub-soil, so that the soil ap- proaches a fine sandy loam. Rolling, Norwood, Polar and Evergreen Townships, in the Gloucester silt loam, rolling phase, are all extensively developed.
Gloucester fine sandy loam is found in the county where crystalline rocks make up the underlying geo- logic formation. The general occurrence of this type of soil is in irregular belts running in a northeast and southwest direction, following the trend of the glacial ice sheet.
The Gloucester fine sandy loam surface soil consists to an average depth of 12 inches of light brown or yel- lowish brown mellow, friable sandy loam. The sub- soil consists of a light yellowish brown to yellow fine sandy loam coarser in texture with increased depth. Gravel occurs below a depth of 20 inches. Stones and boulders are plentiful on the surface and through the soil section, ranging in size up to three feet in diam- eter. They are not as numerous, however, as on the Gloucester silt loam, rolling phase. In section 33 and 34 of township 34, range 10 east, the surface is only undulating and the material is derived from an out- wash plain. This type of soil owes its origin to the weathering of glacial till which was deposited over the crystalline rocks and it consists of material which was derived largely from this geologic formation through the grinding action of the ice and subsequent weathering. A part of this type may consist of lateral or recessional moraines.
There are only a few square miles of Gloucester fine sand in the county. The surface soil, to an aver- age depth of 9 to 10 inches, consists of loose, friable, yellowish brown fine sand. The surface inch on vir- gin tracts is often darker due to the accumulation of organic matter, where the land has been burned over. The subsoil is a yellow fine sand. Gravel is not plen- tiful in within 36 inches of the surface. Where this soil is found in the county stones and boulders are present in moderate quantities on the surface and mix- ed with the soil. The surface of this type of soil varies from undulating to gently rolling while some areas consist of low hills giving a hummocky appear- ance. It owes its origin to the weathering of glacial
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HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY.
drift derived chiefly from the grinding action of the ice sheet over the crystalline rocks.
Gloucester sandy loam has been extensively devel- oped in Langlade County. The surface soil consists to an average depth of about 12 inches of a brown or yellowish brown medium textured sandy loam of a rather loose and friable structure. The subsoil is grad- ually lighter and often coarser in texture with depth. Below 22 inches it consists of an unstratified mixture of medium to coarse sand and fine gravel. Stone and boulders up to three or four feet in diameter are scat- tered over the surface and mixed with the soil mate- rial but they are not numerous. The most numerous boulders range from ten to eighteen inches in diameter.
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