USA > Wisconsin > Milwaukee County > Milwaukee > History of Milwaukee, city and county, Volume I > Part 72
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737
NEWSPAPERS, CLASS AND TRADE PUBLICATIONS
Dealers Association. It also has a national circulation and is the dairy plant manager's and superintendent's textbook in solving their milk plant prob- lems. Milwaukee, as the metropolis of the greatest dairy state of the Union, is the logical place for such a business and the men back of this concern feel that the business is still in its infancy.
Packages and Flour & Feed. The Packages Publishing Company pub- lishes two trade journals, namely : Packages and Flour & Feed, the first be- ing devoted to the wooden package and allied industries and the latter to the great feeding stuffs industry. Packages was established in 1898 by M. C. and E. P. Moore and was under that ownership until 1905, at which time the present owner, Warren Anderson, assumed charge of the business and editorial departments and became sole owner. In 1910 Edward H. Hiekey joined the staff, becoming managing editor and secretary-treasurer of the company. Flour & Feed was established originally as Cereals and Feed in 1899 and in 1903 the name was changed to Flour & Feed. These two papers are considered the real exponents of the industries which they cover.
The Northwestern Confectioner, a monthly trade publication, devoted to the interests of the confectionery, ice cream, soft drink and allied industries, is published in Milwaukee. Its circulation covers the Middle West, North- west and surrounding territory, besides reaching the manufacturing con- fectionery trade throughout the East.
Editorially, it maintains special departments of interest to the various branches of the industry covered and prints educational articles and news pertaining to the trade. Among its contributors are some of the leading trade magazine writers of the country. Its advertisers include the most prom- inent confectionery, equipment, and supply houses in the United States.
The Northwestern Confectioner was founded in April, 1916, by Alva II. Cook, the present owner and publisher, who felt that Milwaukee was the logical location for a publication of its kind, in view of the fact that the city is the fourth largest confectionery manufacturing center in the United States, while its per capita output of confectionery is the highest. The publication was entered as second class matter, October 28. 1916, at the post office in Milwaukee, under the act of March 3, 1879. Adele E. Collins is editor of The Northwestern Confectioner. Gertrude B. Kluck is circulation manager. The average number of pages printed each month, in addition to colored inserts, is eighty-four.
The Northwestern Publishing House, owned by the Lutheran Joint Synod of Wisconsin and other states, publishes the following periodicals :
Evangelical Lutheran Gemeindeblatt, bi-weekly, established 1865. Edi- tors: 11. Bergmann. W. Hoenecke, O. Hagedorn, C. Gansewitz.
The Northwestern Lutheran, bi-weekly, established 1913. Editors: J. Jenny, F. Graeber, J. Brenner, Il. K. Monssa.
Theologische Quartalschrift, quarterly, established 1903. Editors: Fae- ulty of the Theological Seminary of the Synod.
Kinderfreude, monthly, established Editor: B. P. Nommensen.
The Junior Northwestern, monthly, established 1919. Editors: O. Hage dorn, C. G. F. Brenner. Vol. 1-47
735
HISTORY OF MILWAUKEE
Gemeindeblatt-Kalender, yearly, established -. Editors of the Gemein- deblatt.
The eirenlation of these periodicals is mostly among the 500 congregations of the synod in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Nebraska, the Dakotas and other states. Mr. Julius Lnening, manager of the Northwestern Publishing House, is in charge of the business management of all its publications.
The Bruce Publications .- The Bruce Publishing Company which now is- snes three monthly magazines of national circulation, and a list of some sixty odd textbooks serving the field of industrial education, had its beginning in 1891. In the month of March of that year William George Bruce began the publication of an educational magazine under the title of the American School Board Journal. At the time of its appearance there were being published many teachers' magazines devoted to general educational topics and to class- room problems. The School Board Journal, however, was the first in the United States devoted to the subject of school administration.
In 1910 the enterprise passed from the individual ownership of Mr. Bruce to the present corporation in which his two sons, William C. and Frank Bruce, became the managers. In 1914 the company began the publication of the Industrial Arts Magazine, devoted to industrial education. I 1920 the pub- lication of the llospital Progress, which is the official organ of the Catholic Ilospital Association, was begun.
In recent years the company has also built up a list of textbooks which are designed for use in trade and continuation schools as well as vocational and technical high schools.
The officers of the company are: President, William George Bruce; vice president, William C. Bruce; secretary-treasurer, Frank Bruee. The editorial direction is in charge of William C. and the business management in charge of Frank Bruce.
CHAPTER XLII
TIIE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CHARITIES OF MILWAUKEE
The City of Milwaukee gives close attention to its charities, and as a conse- quence there is probably less suffering among the classes that are the usual objects of charitable endeavor, than in any other municipal center of the country.
The County of Milwaukee maintains a considerable number of institu- tions, as mentioned below. These institutions are situated at Wauwatosa. Aeeording to the report of the last year, the amounts paid out on behalf of these various institutions reach a total of $2,703,508. Thus, it may be said there is very little visible poverty among the inhabitants of Milwaukee, and one may also say there are "no slums."
In addition to the county institutions which are supported, of course, by taxation, there are a great number of charities organized into "budgets," and "affiliations." For example, in the annual report of "The Centralized Budget of Philanthropies," there are given the names of institutions which it wouldl be interesting to enumerate but would require, together with the other agencies under the control of different organizations, a volume to describe properly. There are also a large number of agencies without any special affiliations, but operated by committees which derive their funds from voluntary contri- butions. Some of these are under the control of religious denominations and others under secular control.
Many of these agencies and institutions are seareely to be elassed under the heading of charitable organizations, as they are more properly educa- tional institutions specializing on some form of technical instruction. A directory of "Social Welfare Organizations" is published by the Central Coun- cil of Social Agencies, comprising about fifty pages of description devoted to the various institutions within its scope, each ageney requiring on an average from six to ten lines of description. The Report of The Centralized Budget of Philanthropies is comprised in a pamphlet of fifty-eight pages, with quite full descriptions of the work carried on by each of those agencies comprised in the scope of their activities.
The Milwaukee County Institutions referred to above are grouped npon a 1,100-acre farm just west of the beautiful suburb of Wauwatosa, and in this group are comprised the following: The Milwaukee County Infirmary, County Hospital, Asylum for Mentally Diseased, Muirdale and Blue Mound Sanatorimins, Home for Children, County School of Agriculture and Domestic Economy, and Hospital for Mental Diseases.
739
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL
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THE EMERGENCY HOSPITAL Opposite the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Station
741
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CHARITIES OF MILWAUKEE
The administration of these institutions is intrusted to"the Board of Ad- ininistration of Milwaukee County. This board consists of five members, 2. .. three appointed by the county board of supervisors and two by the governor of the State of Wisconsin, the county board of supervisors passes on all ap- propriations, votes all moneys and has general supervisory powers.
Appropriations for all purposes for the current year total $2,703,508. Milwaukee County's investment in these institutions totals $5,000,000.
An Illuminating Example .- Typical of the work of these various institu- tions may be cited the details of the Milwaukee County Home for Children, a branch of institutional work having a special interest for the mothers of the community whose sympathies are naturally stirred by any appeal for the welfare of children. This institution is under the superintendence of August Kringel, whose account has been prepared for this history and is included in this place. All the institutions mentioned in the aceount are equally inter- esting and instruetive to our readers, but can only be referred to by name.
"There was a time when the purpose of the Milwaukee County Home for Children," says Mr. Kringel, "was greatly misunderstood by many people interested in charitable movements, and even to the present day the public in general knows but comparatively little of the inside work of the seven great institutions Milwaukee County maintains at Wauwatosa, the infirmary, the hospital, the hospital for mental diseases, the asyhim for mentally diseased, Muirdale Sanatorium, the agricultural school, and' the home for children. The home for children has always impressed me as being the most important of the seven, as the future citizens of our community are educated and trained here, or at least are given a good start in such education and training.
"The object of the Milwaukee County Home for Children is to give a temporary home to children under sixteen years of age whose parents are legal residents of the County of Milwaukee and dependent on the public for support, and secondly to place children who are permanently committed to the care and custody of the Milwaukee County Home for Children into fam- ilies for adoption or indenture. The institution was opened on February 25, 1898. Up to December 31, 1920, 6.449 children have received the aid of the county. At present there are 330 children in the home. Children are com- mitted to this home by either the county superintendent of poor or the Juvenile Court of the County of Milwaukee.
"Two classes of children are admitted, first, children who are only tempo- rarily committed and who are returned to their parents after conditions have changed in such way as to seenre proper environment for the children ; see- ond, children who are permanently committed to the care and custody of the home for the purpose of being placed with foster parents.
"Only a small percentage of children are committed premanently, as it is the aim of the home to keep the family together if in any way possible : and if commensurate with the demands for proper care and training of the chil- dren, they are returned to their parents."
The following table shows the later disposition of the children received into the home:
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GRAND AVENUE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (The Soldiers' Monument in foreground )
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GRACE LUTHERAN CHURCH Broadway and Anneau Avenue
743
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CHARITIES OF MILWAUKEE
Year.
Number of children received.
Number of children placed with foster parents.
1916.
450
33
1917
441
32
1918
538
44
1919.
592
32
1920.
484
49
Children are as a rule committed to the home for six months, in order to give parents a chance to recover from their misfortunes and put themselves on their feet again. In some cases the time is extended, as it has been found that six months is at times too short a period to effectively aid the parents. Should parents negleet or refuse to provide for their children again these eases are taken before the juvenile court judge for permanent commitment, and are then placed out in families throughout the state.
Buildings in Use for the Home .- The six buildings of the home have been placed on a piece of ground of twenty-one aeres, of which eight acres is set aside for park purposes, more than a thousand shade trees were planted, playgrounds and baseball ground established, a lake built for swimming in the summer and skating during the winter season, a bowling alley provided ; in fact, everything was done for the purpose to place children that are received at the home in pleasant, attractive surroundings, thereby elevating their thoughts and to make them forget misery and nnhappiness.
Every child above six years of age must attend school. Children receive the same instruction as children do in the city schools. They must attend regularly five days during each week. A large children's library has been established in the home for supplementary reading to aid in the children's edneation. Teachers who are employed at the home must be graduates of a normal school of the state, or the state university, and must be accredited with two years of experience, and hold a permanent state certificate.
The institution has its own house physician, who makes his daily visits and examines into conditions of health of the children. For the sick children afflicted with contagious or other diseases proper hospital facilities are pro- vided in such way that all cases may be successfully treated. Every child entering the institution must go through a rigid medical examination and is placed in detention apartments for two or three weeks to prevent bringing in contagion and spreading it among other inmates.
The condition presenting itself for the placement of children in desirable families demands field officers of a high type in every respect. The selection of suitable homes for our children is an exacting task and requires the highest (malifications of an officer entrusted with such work. At present two field officers are employed, who are doing very commendable work.
The rules of the institution provide that children under ten years of age be fully adopted. those above ten years of age to be placed ont under con- tracts, requiring a common-school education and school attendance up to the age of sixteen years, also providing for proper remuneration for services rendered after the age of sixteen. Up to December 31, 1920, 712 children had
FF FF EE FE CE EE EE EE EE
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THE RESCUE MISSION
745
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CHARITIES OF MILWAUKEE
been placed in families throughout the state, out of which 189 had to be re- placed.
Rules for Adoption .- Out of the 712 children placed, 333 were fully adopted and 369 placed out on contracts.
Under date of December 31, 1920, 314 children had become of age and self-supporting, while 388 children still remained under the supervision of the institution. Of these 262 are adopted and 126 out on contracts.
It is the aim of the institution to keep close supervision of children placed out, and if possible our field officers should visit these children at least twice a year, and properly record their findings at the office of the home.
Children placed out under contract must be provided with all necessary clothing at the expense of the foster parents while of school age. After chil- dren graduate from school or have arrived at the age of sixteen, clothing is paid for out of the earnings of the children. Every three months a settle- ment must be made. A statement of expenses, signed by the child, must be sent to the institution, including spending money for the child, and balance must be sent by cheek. The foster parents receive a receipt for the amount sent, and the child receives a statement, showing its bank deposit and total account. Every year wages are increased. At the age of eighteen, children may retain half of their earnings and are not required to send in a statement of expenses, Init must defray their expenses for clothing out of their half. The other half goes to the institution and is credited to their bank account. At the age of twenty-one, children receive their savings in full as per their last statement received from the institution. Some children have received as high as $500, $600, $700 and upwards to $1,000. Not very long ago we handed over to a boy a check for $1.000.18.
Total earnings of the children placed out under contract amounted, up to December 31, 1920, to $52,028.82 for the last fifteen years, out of which $36,- 699.77 have been paid to children, and the balance of $15,329.05 is deposited to their credit at the bank.
This system has many decided advantages over the old system. Under the old law, twenty years ago, a child was to receive at age $50 in cash, a Bible and two good suits of clothes. A wonderful consideration for the many previous years' services ! It is a wonder they didn't all run away ! Of course, twenty years ago the idea prevailed to place a child, no matter what age, in a "good home" and everything would be all right. The child should be very thankful. One fact, however, was lost sight of, that is, the "'good homes" made good use of the muscles and bones of the children without due con- sideration. It was cheap help under the guise of a "good home" in very many cases.
Varying Degrees of Success .- Is the placing of children from publie insti- tutions a success ?
Generally speaking, yes. Young children, who are adopted, as a rule readily adapt themselves to their environments as they grow up. They be- eome an absolute part of the family. With very few exceptions homes and children have been made happy, and the missing link in the family for future responsibility and ties secured.
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ST. PAUL'S CHURCH
747
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CHARITIES OF MILWAUKEE
Not so with the children above the age of ten years who are placed in families. With boys there is comparatively little trouble. Our "amiable, affectionate girl" is the canse of a great deal of disappointment. The time of adolescence seems to aid and increase the difficulty of proper training at this time. On the other hand it must be admitted that the difficulty of proper guidance during these years is materially aggravated by the lack of under- standing of the modern girl on the part of the foster parents. Some are too exacting, others too lenient.
And on the other hand the many inducements of the modern city for continuous excitement and pleasure, are a menace to the peaceful development of a girl's habits and character. It is admittedly difficult for natural parents to guide their girls with success past the many temptations and precipices encountered in modern life, how much more difficult must it be,-yea, at times an insurmountable task for foster parents to guide a girl successfully past the many pitfalls of the day.
Well, what do we do with such girls that during the years mentioned be- come uncontrollable, unmanageable ?
We take them back to the institution and employ them as nurse maids with the same salary other employes receive. The money earned is saved for them in the same way as though they were out in a family. Later on we want them to attend the trade school for girls to take up cooking, sewing, dress- making or millinery in order to properly equip them to meet the coming de- mands with success.
Some of these girls have been a complete success. One received a musical education at the Wisconsin Conservatory of Music, some graduated from high school, one is now taking training at the county hospital training school for nurses. Another highly talented girl will attend the University of Wis- consin to equip herself as a magazine writer of the highest type. She is now in her last year at the West Side Iligh School and stands high in her ac- complishments. She has been made chairman of the literary society of the school. Others have been successfully placed in positions of responsibility at the institution.
In order to relieve the monotony of their duties the girls are permitted to join churches, to attend good movies, ete. Sewing evenings are provided for them at the institution, a girls' chorus was organized to receive instrule- tion in singing at sight and has on numerous occasions reaped many a compli- ment at public entertainments at churches and elsewhere.
Let us hope that some day some one will discover a panacea that will enable us to cope successfully at all times or nearly so with confronting condi- tions. Until then, however, we must do the best we can.
Family Welfare Association (Until December, 1921, the Associated Char- ities) .- On January 3, 1882, a number of citizens calling themselves the " Pro- visional Council" met and adopted a constitution and by-laws, thereby form- ing the Associated Charities of Milwaukee, based on the motto, "Not Als but a Friend." Rev. G. E. Gordon was chairman of the meeting and the charter members were Philip Carpeles, Mrs. D. E. Marks, Charles S. Lester. E. L. Sercombe, Mrs. A. B. Norris, Miss Julia Norris, R. D. Whitehead, Mrs.
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ALTENHEIM (LUTHERAN OLD FOLKS' HOME)
749
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CHARITIES OF MILWAUKEE
R. D. Whitehead, Mrs. Teetzel, A. M. Joys, Mrs. A. J. Aikens, Mrs. D. II. John- son.
The society was incorporated under the laws of Wisconsin, August 25, 1886. The constitution and the later articles of incorporation were formulated upon those of the London (England) Charity Organization Society and the Associ ated Charities of Boston.
Only two cities, Boston and Buffalo, already had organizations whose objeets were the prevention of pauperism, the promotion of thrift, and the seenring of cooperation among the churches and relief-giving societies through a central council, although eight cities had formed earlier societies for strictly relief purposes.
Rev. G. E. Gordon, pastor of the Unitarian Church, and Rev. Chas. Stanley Lester, rector of St. Paul's Episeipal Church, had come to Milwaukee from Boston, had had experience with the associated charities there and were the ones primarily responsible for the formation of the Associated Charities of Milwaukee and for its spirit embodied in its motto and the following:
"The sympathy of the association shall be as broad as humanity; to this end-
"Nothing shall be done or published by the asosciation that would alienate the interest of any good person in its aims.
"No visitor while engaged in its work shall discriminate against any one on account of ereed, polities or nationality.
"No officer of the association shall use the influence of his position for pur- poses of proselytizing."
Three charitable societies already in existence, the Mission Band, the In- dustrial Band, and the Charity Union joined the Associated Charities as auxili- aries.
Mr. Gustav A. Frellson, previously with the Wisconsin Humane Society, was engaged as superintendent. He served in that capacity until he resigned and left the associated charities, December 31, 1910.
Purposes of the Associated Charities as Stated in Articles of Incorporation Adopted August 5, 1886.
"ARTICLE I.
"Section 1. To reduce and prevent vagraney and pauperism, and ascer- tain and remove their cause.
"Section 2. To ascertain and prevent indiscriminate alms-giving.
"Section 3. To detect, suppress and punish imposters and tramps, and secure the community from frauds.
"Section 4. To encourage and promote thrift and habits of independence, health, and economy.
"Section 5. To secure cooperation among the different churches and charities of the City of Milwaukee in charitable and relief work, and to estab- lish a central bureau or clearing house for all sneh churches and charities.
"Section 6. To investigate and see that all deserving cases of destitu- tion are properly and promptly relieved.
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11
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TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH
751
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CHARITIES OF MILWAUKEE
"Section 7. To establish and maintain, or to assist in establishing and maintaining, provident dispensaries and all other provident and worthy schemes.
"Section 8. To establish and maintain, or to assist in establishing and maintaining, a creche or creches, which shall afford accommodations for the children of working parents during hours of labor, to provide a home or homes for indigent women or children, and to establish or assist in establishing tene- ment honses or places for rent for the poorer classes.
"Section 9. To acquire by gift, devise, bequest, purchase, lease or other- wise, real and personal property, and to sell, rent, mortgage, convey or other- wise dispose of the same for any of the purposes above specified.
"Section 10. To do and perform any act or thing, and to exercise any and all powers necessary or incident to the purposes above specified or either of them."
The articles of incorporation were so far in advance of publie sentiment and of the possibility of securing trained workers to put them into etfeet, that only Seetions 3 and 6 were fully carried out for many years.
With time, however, the development of a sentiment in the community for greater preventive and constructive service grew and in 1911 brought abont a reorganization of the society for the modern type of work.
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