USA > California > San Luis Obispo County > A memorial and biographical history of the counties of Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo and Ventura, California Containing a history of this important section of the Pacific coast from the earliest period of its occupancy to the present time, together with glimpses of its prospective future; with full-page steel portraits of its most eminent men, and biographical mention of many of its pioneers and also of prominent citizens of to-day > Part 21
USA > California > Santa Barbara County > A memorial and biographical history of the counties of Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo and Ventura, California Containing a history of this important section of the Pacific coast from the earliest period of its occupancy to the present time, together with glimpses of its prospective future; with full-page steel portraits of its most eminent men, and biographical mention of many of its pioneers and also of prominent citizens of to-day > Part 21
USA > California > Ventura County > A memorial and biographical history of the counties of Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo and Ventura, California Containing a history of this important section of the Pacific coast from the earliest period of its occupancy to the present time, together with glimpses of its prospective future; with full-page steel portraits of its most eminent men, and biographical mention of many of its pioneers and also of prominent citizens of to-day > Part 21
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Santa Rosa Valley is six miles long, by half a mile to one mile wide, and through it flows the Santa Rosa Creek, a living stream of pure water. This valley is quite thickly settled, and few farming localities show greater signs of prosperity. The rich alluvial soil appears adapted to the growth of almost every kind of grain, fruit or vegetable. At the head of this valley stands Mammoth Rock, a rocky promonotory 200 feet high, with perpendicn- lar sides, separated from the hills on the north by a narrow pass through which the Santa Rosa Creek runs into the valley below. It seems as if some tremendons force has riven the rocky wall, to give passage to the little stream skirting the mountain's rocky base.
Passing down the coast from San Simeon Bay, about six miles south, was formerly found Leffingwell's Wharf, a good landing place for small vessels, which supplied the neighborhood with lumber and sent out a portion of the native products. This wharf was washed away in 1881-'82.
The next landing place is Cayucos, thirteen miles south of Cambria, an entrepot of con- siderable commercial importance, with certain advantages as a harbor. In the early days, when boats made of skins were nsed in plying between the shore and visiting vessels, those light canoes were called cayucos, whence the name of the rancho and the town. Captain James Cass, who came to this point in 1867, and engaged in the business of lightering, saw the necessity of a wharf, and accord- ingly built one; this proving inadequate, it was extended, making a structure 940 feet long, extending to twenty-one feet of
water, with a warehouse, store, steamship and telegraph companies' offices. Cayucos is now quite a thriving trade center, being sur- rounded by a rich dairy and farming country. The population is 600 to 700, of whom many are Swiss. The town was laid out in 1875, with streets 100, and eighty feet wide. The beautiful belt of land between the beach and the hills, reaching to Morro, was surveyed into lots of five to ten acres each, to be ocen- pied as homesteads, and made accessible by a beautiful beach road. The region about here, known as the Rancho Morro y Cayucos, is very fertile and productive. Greatly in its favor are its ease of access and its natural advantages of climate and water. There are hereabouts over 8,000 acres of the best dairies on the coast.
The Rancho Morro y Cayucos was ac- quired in clear title by Don Domingo Pijol, by a decision of the Supreme Court of Cali- fornia. It was subdivided into small farms abont 1877. Eight miles south of Cayucos is
MORRO.
This is a small village on the southern part of Estero Bay, where a lagoon extends some five miles inland from the sea, having a nar- row entrance, and formning an excellent har. bor for light-dranght vessels. At the entrance of the lagoon is a wharf, receiving lumber from the north and produce from the interior. From the ocean in front of the village rises the Morro Rock, belonging to the National Government, a grand feature of natural scen- ery. It is a great cone, rising precipi- tously from the water to a height of 580 feet, upon a base of about forty acres. It is com- posed of trachyte, a valuable building mate- rial, which may be quarried here in large quantities, and loaded upon vessels with great convenience. The ambition of Morro is to have its promising harbor for light vessels
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perfected, and to become a traveling center by means of a road leading directly east to the Salinas Valley.
The Rancho San Miguelito, of 22,136 acres, borders on San Luis Obispo Bay, and includes the most feasible landing place. It was granted by the Mexican Government to Don Miguel Avila. In 1867, when Mr. John Harford built " The People's Wharf," the town of Avila was laid ont by the Avila Brothers, and the prospect was fair for the growth of a lively village. Busy times pre- vailed here for a time, when two lines of steamers were contesting for the trade, but the construction of the railroad wharf in 1873, and the transfer to it in 1875 of the railroad terminus deprived Avila of its busi- ness and its hopes of commercial importance.
Port Harford is treated elsewhere, and the town of San Luis Obispo also is described separately.
THE TOWN OF SAN LUIS OBISPO.
When the county was organized, San Enis Obispo, the only town within its limits, con- sisted of a few adobe houses irregularly gath- ered about the Mission buildings. There was one main road, running southwest and north- east, crossing the San Luis Creek about half a mile below the Mission, and following up the right bank thereof. Except the cultivated grounds surrounding the Mission, all was open country. That main road became Mon- terey street, and the trail north of the Mis- sion became Chorro street. The first frame building in the county was one built by Cap- tain Dana in 1850, of material brought from Chili. It fronted on Monterey street, and stood near an ancient, large palm tree.
Shortly after this, Captain John Wilson erected another frame house, a little southwest of the Mission, the material for it having been brought around Cape Horn.
The rest of the buildings, in 1850, con- sisted of a two-story adobe, quite a pretentious building, at the corner of Monterey and Chorro streets, used for a restaurant and dance hall; an adobe store built by Beebe & Pollard; another adobe store where afterwards was the Tribune office; and another where the French Hotel stood.
In 1851, on the site afterwards occupied by the Bank of San Luis Obispo, Captain Dana erected a large building. Its walls were of adobe, its roof of sheet iron; its timbers were hauled by oxen from the Santa Rosa Creek, and the flooring and doors were brought from the Atlantic coast. So grand an edifice was this then considered, that it was called " Casa Grande." This was the first hotel in San Luis Obispo, and it was the scene of festivi- ties on all gala days, whether of church or state, while on the grounds adjoining were held the bull-fights, bear-baiting, and other characteristic sports of the times and place. The Casa Grande was subsequently used as a court-house, serving in that capacity np to 1870.
In August, 1850, William R. Hutton was anthorized by the court of sessions to survey and lay out the town of San Luis Obispo. He was directed to make the main street twenty yards wide, and all the other streets fifteen yards wide, while the town should extend to the limit of the lots.
The question of the existence of a pueblo and the right to pueblo lands was a very im- portant one in the early history of the town. In 1853 the pueblo claim was presented to the Land Commission, and in September, 1854, it was rejected; San Luis Obispo had been a recognized pueblo, and as such was entitled to the four leagnes of land assigned to such entities. But the Land Commission rejected the claim, because they alleged there was not adduced sufficient proof in behalf of
.
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it. In consequence of this decision, and the failure to take possession, the lands reverted to the public domain, and were surveyed by the United States government in 1867. The town acquired a title to only 640 acres, in conformity with the act of Congress of Ang- ust, 1867. The remainder of the pueblo lands were acquired by individuals under the United States and State land laws.
In 1862, William C. Parker, civil engineer, made a map of the town after Hutton's sur- vey, which included the land northwest of the creek, and the streets, nearly, as at present; southeast of the creek, there was some culti- vated land, and the territory was variously marked as " Priests' Garden," " Marsh Land," " Corral," etc.
The streets were not named, and it was not until some years later that any except the main ones were opened.
In February, 1871, the town authorities received from the United States Land Office a certificate of purchase for the town site of the town of San Luis Obispo, covering the fol- lowing tracts of the United States land sur- vey : being parts of sections 26, 27, 34 and 35 in township 30 south; range 12 east of Mount Diablo, base and meridian containing 552.65 acres. This afforded a sense of great relief to the people of the town, who had felt much uneasiness on account of the uncer- tainty of title, whereas the United States patent would thenceforward give a basis of title, either to those in possession, receiving title from the town authorities, or to future purchasers.
The town of San Luis Obispo was organ- ized under the laws of California in May, 1859. Charles H. Johnson was president of the board of trustees, and Thomas H. Bouton was clerk. Ordinances were passed to pro- vide for naming streets, keeping them in repair and clean, licensing business, main-
taining order, etc. But little attention was paid to the incorporation, which very nearly expired; but when, in 1867, the public lands were surveyed, the town authorities found it necessary to display greater energy.
In 1874, under the provisions of an act of the Legislature, passed the preceding session, town bonds were issued to the amount of $10,000, bearing interest at eight per cent. per annum, and payable in fifteen years. These bonds were sold for ninety per cent. of their par value, and the proceeds were applied to the construction of bridges, street-grading, and other improvements of valuable and per- manent importance to the town.
By an act of the Legislature passed March 20, 1876, the city of San Luis Obispo was incorporated, succeeding to all the rights, interests, possessions and liabilities of the former town. The limits of the city were extended; and provision was made for the election of city officers, legislative power being vested in a common council, consisting of five members, the mayor acting as presi- dent of the body.
MODERN INSTITUTIONS.
The city blocks are not regular in size or shape, and the streets, as has been seen al- ready, follow in various instances the desul- tory lines of old-time roads and trails. Mon- terey street, so called from being a part of the old road from Santa Barbara to Monterey, winds past the old mission into the valley of the creek, and onward northeastward by well graded roads over the summit of the Santa Lucia mountains. This street, for the most part sixty feet wide, has recently been widened to seventy-five feet in some quarters. Var- ious other streets are of uneven width, ranging from fifty-five to sixty feet in different por- tions of their length, as the widening was left to the option of property owners. An
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ordinance passed in 1888 ordering sidewalks of cement, bituminous rock in some streets, and of gravel in others, has been largely but not fully carried out.
The central addition is a very eligible por- tion of the town, lying on a gentle rise at the side of San Luis. It consists of some fifty acres, divided into nineteen blocks, 450 x 170 feet, one of which is occupied by the hotel, the rest being divided into building lots. Edwin Goodall of San Francisco was the pro- moter of this enterprise, and the projector of the Ramona, but the property was purchased in April, 1890, by the West Coast Land Company, who are not putting it upon the market, but rather holding it back until there shall ensne a season of greater growth and prosperity. This is the only portion of San Luis having a satisfactory sewer system. The Ramona Hotel, owned by the California Southern Hotel Company, was opened Sep- tember, 1888; it cost, exclusive of the grounds (that is, for the building and furniture), some $150,000, and it is a well-equipped and well- conducted hostelry.
There are in San Luis Obispo two school- houses, containing twelve school-rooms, ad- ministered by eleven teachers. There are primary and grammar school courses. The city schools have an attendance of about 500.
The Court school-house, in the northern part of the town, is an eight room frame building, erected at an expense of about $14,000.
The Mission school, in the southern part of the town, is a four-roomed brick structure, which cost $10,000, to which may be added $3,000 for furnishings, etc.
The San Luis Obispo Thomson-Houston Electric Light Company was incorporated July 29, 1889, and the circuit was opened in October of the same year.
The city system comprises seven 1,200-
candle-power masts of about fifty feet height; the county pays for one similar mast, and the Hotel Ramona for another. There are, more- over, between forty and fifty arc-lights and some 300 incandescent lights supplied to stores, hotels, etc.
The city system costs the municipality $70 per month.
The value of the plant is estimated at $1,500. The arc-dynamo is of 1,000-volt current, and the incandescent of 1,200 volts, alternating currents.
The company has four employés in San Luis.
San Luis Obispo has a street railway, running between the railway station and the Ramona Hotel, with two and one-half miles of track, and a plant worth $20,500, employ- ing ten animals and four people. Tlie com- pany is not incorporated; it opened opera- tions October 18, 1887.
The San Luis fire department was organ- ized under new ordinances in 1889, and it is now in good working order, comprising about 100 members, divided as follows: San Luis Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1; Goodwill Hose Company, No. 2; Vigilance Hose Com- pany, No. 3; and San Lnis Fire Engine Com- pany, No. 4. The last named company owns a steam engine of the Silsby rotary patent, purchased in 1889 at a cost of $5,000.
The sewerage of the town is performed by San Luis Creek, which runs through the cor- poration and washes away the sewage, the water being stored by means of dams for pur- poses of flushing. There are sewage conduits from that portion of the town about the Ramona Hotel, and from a few other blocks, leading to the creek.
In 1886 an arrangement which cost the city $800, was made with George Waring, the celebrated engineer, to furnish plans for a sewage system, and he visited San
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Luis accordingly. The city was surveyed, but no further measures were taken. The execution of the plans would require an ex- penditure of $150,000, for which it was pur- posed to vote bonds of the city. The matter has not yet been submitted to a vote of the people.
The hospital system here was organized by Dr. W. W. Hays, and by him so conducted for some years in an admirable manner. The present hospital was built in 1878. The site is some thirteen acres upou a foot-hill bench about a mile southeast of the town, in what is locally known as " the thermal belt," a region free from frost, where the most delicate semi-tropical plants can be grown successfully. Water from the adjacent hills is brought down to a reservoir, 20 x 20 x 6 feet, from which the house and irrigation needs are sup- plied. The main building is two stories high and fifty feet square. The lower story contains the reception room, physician's office and dispensary, the steward's room, dining room, kitchen, and commissary store-rooms. Above these are rooms designed for use by non-indigent patients.
There is in the rear a ward with eight beds. which can be augmented if needful, and in an adjoining building is a one-story ward 47 x 25 x 16 feet, with the necessary closets sitting room, etc.
There has been constructed lately a new ward of seven rooms, 75 x 26 x 16 feet, with porch and ten-foot lean-to, which cost $2,900.
With this addition, the institution can accommodate thirty-five to forty patients. The present number is fourteen, all male. The percentage of female patients is never large.
The establishment is well sewered, and supplied with hot and cold water.
Driveways curve around the building in such fashion as to render the approach a pleasant feature. A system of drainage has
been constructed whereby all the surface water running from the earth and the water pipes is conveyed away to irrigate the trees of the small orange grove.
The gardens are well kept, being cared for by the stronger of the patients; the whole place is exquisitely neat and orderly, and the imnates show conscientions treatment. The system of purchasing supplies, etc., by whole- sale, is very economical; and, while the pati- ents are furnished abundant, wholesome and satisfactory food, their cost to the county is said to be cheaper than at any similar estab- lishment in the State, amounting to but seventeen cents per patient per diem.
The hospital is under the management of Dr. W. W. Hays, county physician, and Mr. J. M. Lewis, steward, both most efficient officials.
San Luis Obispo has two large well arranged and ornameuted cemeteries, namely, the Catholic and the Odd Fellows', the last being the Protestant burial-place, nuder cou- trol of the Odd Fellows, but having plats devoted to the Masons, the Jewish people, and the Chinese. A cemetery formerly existed near what is now the central part of the city; but as the town grew, the two present pantheons were laid ont, and the bodies from old ground removed thither, about 1870. The Catholic cemetery occupies about six acres, and the Protestant twelve. Each contains many fine monuments, and the inscriptions constitute quite a history of the prominent piont ers, of both the Spanish and the American races.
The banks of San Luis Obispo are: The First National Bank, founded in 1884, with $75,000 capital, as a private enterprise of Jack, Goldtree & Co. On March 1, 1888, it was changed to the National system, with a capital of $100,000, increased March, 1889, to $150,000. Its statement for July, 1890, showed a surplus of $35,000. The officers
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SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY.
are J. P. Andrews, president; Wm. L. Beebe, vice-president; R. E. Jack, cashier; R. W. Martinoff, assistant cashier. This house does a general banking business.
The Commercial Bank was opened May 14, 1888. Its paid up capital is $100,000. Its statement December 31, 1889, is as follows: Assets-cash on hand, $12,104.12; cash on call in other banks, $17,457.42; loans and dis- counts, $273,427.26; real estate, vault and fixtures, $8,852.21; total assets, $321,841.01; surplus, October, 1890, $7,500.
Liabilities -Capital paid up, $100,000; surplus and profits undivided, $4,877.76; due banks and bankers, $5,330.21; due de- positors, $210,883.04; interest on certificates, $750. Total liabilities, $321,841.01.
The officers are: McD. R. Venable, presid- ent; L. M. Kaiser, vice-president; H. Brun- ner, cashier.
In connection with this house was instituted in October, 1890, the California Mortgage and Savings Bank, capital $250,000. McD. Venable, president; L. M. Kaiser, cashier; H. Brunner, manager.
The Bank of San Luis Obispo has a capital stock of $100,000; surplus, $246,392.49. Its president is James L. Crittenden, its cashier, W. E. Stewart.
ARROYO GRANDE.
The township of Arroyo Grande was estab- lished in 1862 by the board of supervisors of San Luis Obispo County. It consists of a strip entirely across the southern end of the county, comprehending an area of about 300 square miles, embracing all of that territory situated between the Corral de Piedra Creek on the north, Santa Barbara County on the south, the Santa Lucia Range on the east, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. This includes the valleys of the Arroyo Grande, Santa Maria, Cuyama, Huasna, Alamo, Dry
Creek, Verde, Villa, and other streams. In this area are the old Spanish grants of Corral de Piedra, Pizmo, Bolsa de Che- misal, Santa Manuela, Arroyo Grande, Huasna, Nipomo, Punte de la Laguna, Guadalupe, Suey, and Cuyama (or parts of the four last), aggregating 189,668 acres, be- ing the chief area and nearly all the agricult- ural land of the township. On the upper waters of the Arroyo Grande and east of the Huasna grant, and in various nooks and corners, were considerable tracts of public lands, most of which are now occupied by prosperous farmers.
The first settlement liere was when the priests of San Luis Obispo Mission estab- lished, about 1780, on that portion of the Arroyo Grande bottom, afterward farmed by W. S. Jones, a garden and plantation, where were raised large quantities of corn, beans, potatoes, etc., etc., to supply the mission.
The next settlement was the Rancho Bolsa de Chemisal, containing 14,335 acres, granted to Francisco Quijada, May 11, 1837. Quijada and his heirs transferred the grant to Lewis T. Burton, he to F. Z. Branch, and Pranch to Steele Brothers, who subdivided it in Sep- tember, 1873.
The Nipomo Rancho was granted to Cap- tain William G. Dana, about 1838. It con- tained over 33,000 acres; it is now owned and occupied by his heirs at law.
The Santa Mannela Rancho was granted to Francis Z. Branch, April 6, 1837, and Au- gust 22, 1842. It contained 16,954 acres, and passed to the hands of Branch's heirs, and others.
The Pizmo Rancho, containing 8,838 acres, was granted to José Ortega, November 18, 1840. Ortega sold to Isaac J. Sparks, he to John M. Price and David P. Mallagh, each one-half. Mallagh sold his portion to F. Z. Branch, and he to Steele Brothers and others.
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The Corral de Piedra Rancho was granted May 14, 1841, to José Maria Villavicencio, as containing 8,876 acres, which on May 28, 1846, was extended by Governor Pio Pico to include " all lands included in map," which brought it up to about 34,000 acres. This sweeping grant thus absorbed the Mission farm on the Arroyo Grande, and the lime- works, which were some four miles southeast of the Mission church. This grant passed into the hands of Ramon J. Branch, W. S. Jones, John Corbit, Steele Brothers, and others.
The Arroyo Grande Rancho, containing 4,438 acres, granted April 25, 1842, to Zefe- rino Carlon, was by him transferred to F. Z. Branch, afterwards passing into the hands of Steele Brothers and Wittenberg Brothers, who used it for dairying purposes.
The Huasna Rancho, containing 22,190 acres, was granted to Isaac J. Sparks, De- cember 8, 1843, reverting upon his death to his daughters, Mrs. Mark Harloe, Mrs. Amy Porter, and Mrs. Harkness.
Of the Suey Rancho, of eleven leagnes, granted to Don Mariano Pacheco, father of ex-Governor Pacheco, about one-third is in this township, and the rest in Santa Barbara County.
These vast tracts of land covered alınost every desirable homestead in the township.
The dry season of 1864, the trespass act, the United States surveys, and the proceed- ings of the State Board of Equalization, have all proved instrumental in subdividing these wide domains and opening them up to im- migration, so that, instead of the original eight patriarchal holdings, hundreds of smaller fertile farms, carefully cultivated, now smile and bloom for the maintenance of a numerous, thrifty population.
The Arroyo Grande Valley was first opened for settlement in 1867-'68, when a
blacksmith shop and a school-house were built on the north bank of the creek, on the stage road between San Luis and Santa Barbara.
The growth of the settlement was neces- sarily slow, as the valley was then a tangled mass of woods and brush, almost impenetra- ble, save by the bear trails running through it,-a sort of semi-wilderness called by the Spanish term " monte."
But the fertility of the soil soon demon- strated its merits, and what had been a dense and useless thicket became a famous garden- spot. The lands were rather high-priced for that time, for, while they sold at $15 to $60 per acre, the cost of clearing averaged $100 per acre.
In 1876 Arroyo Grande had a school-house, two hotels, two well supplied stores, a post- office, a livery and feed stable, a wheelwright and blacksmith shop, butcher shop, laundry, two saloons and many dwellings. Mannfact- ures were well represented in the district. Ramon J. Branch managed for the Branch heirs the Arroyo Grande flour-mills, with a capacity of thirty barrels per diem; and the water-power of this mill was used at times to run a small circular saw for sawing shingles and small timbers; a steam grist-mill was in operation, as also Newsom's tannery, the Nipomo lime works, MeDougall's asphaltum works, and Marsh's s.nithy and carriage shop.
A decided impulse was given to the pros- perity of this section by the building of the Pacific Coast Railway and the People's Wharf at Pizmo, in 1881, these media of transpor- tation giving the producers of the valley competitive advantages in conveying their wares to market.
In 1882 the Arroyo Grande Irrigating Company was organized, and the two ditches thereupon constructed are capable of irrigat- ing 5,000 acres of land.
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The climate here is exe llent, but diversi- fied. The larger valleys are subject to late frosts in the spring, but in the fall they are exempt to a remarkable degree. The smaller valleys are almost free from frost, and from extreme heat in summer.
The soil also has great variety, and there- fore is quite eclectic in its products. Wheat, barley, oats, corn, beans, peas, peanuts, tobacco, garden ¿vegetables of all kinds, ap- ples, peaches, pluins, apricots, almonds, figs, olives, grapes, etc., are grown to perfection. In fruits, apricots are a never-failing staple, yielding 200 to 250 pounds to the tree at five years old; apples, 300 to 400 pounds to the four-year-old tree; strawberries, 16,000 quarts per acre; peaches, plums, prunes, cher- ries, grapes, raspberries, blackberries, olives, walnuts, oranges, lemons and limes, all do well here. Garden vegetables do exceedingly well; on one acre of monte land any one of the following items may safely be counted upon as a fair yield; 4,000 pounds beans; 25.000 pounds potatoes; 80 tons beets; 65 tons carrots; 45 to 50 tons cabbages; 500 hundred.weight onions: 50 tons squashes; 12 to 14 tons alfalfa. Squashes weighing from 200 to 250 pounds, cabbages weighing 60 to 95, carrots of 75 pounds' weight, are not uncommon productions.
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