USA > California > Mendocino County > History of Mendocino and Lake counties, California, with biographical sketches of the leading, men and women of the counties who have been identified with their growth and development from the early days to the present > Part 18
USA > California > Lake County > History of Mendocino and Lake counties, California, with biographical sketches of the leading, men and women of the counties who have been identified with their growth and development from the early days to the present > Part 18
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The Bank of Lake was organized March 10, 1874, with capital stock of $100,000. The first officers were S. Bynum, president; A. Levy, treasurer ; F. D. Tunis, secretary ; George Bucknell, S. K. Welch, A. F. Tate, S. Broad- well, S. Bynum, J. T. Boone, J. R. Cook, A. Levy, C. Hartson, Dr. J. S. Downes, and A. G. Boggs, directors. Its present directors are William A. Lange of San Francisco, W. E. Greene of Santa Rosa. A. Levy, M. S. Sayre, president ; L. J. Shuman, Joseph Levy, W. C. Moore of Lakeport.
The Farmers' Savings Bank was incorporated December 14, 1874, also with capital stock of $100,000. Its incorporating directors were R. S. John- son, also president; William J. Biggerstaff, J. H. Renfro, D. V. Thompson, Lindsay Carson, D. J. Taylor and George Tucker. J. W. Mackall was the first cashier. Lindsay Carson, a brother of the famous frontier scout, Kit Carson, became president in 1875. L. H. Boggs became assistant cashier in 1876, and his father, Henry C. Boggs, was elected director and presi- dent in 1878. G. W. Piner and J. F. Burger became interested in this bank in the same year. The present directors of this bank are J. W. Boggs, pres-
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ident ; J. Banks, F. H. Boggs, H. C. Boggs, W. D. Rantz, of Lakeport; S. T. Packwood of Upper Lake; Andrew Smith of Big Valley.
The Lakeport flour mill was built by L. A. Young and Hill in Novem- ber, 1871. The builders sold it to H. C. Boggs in 1873, and in 1875 M. Starr became proprietor, operating it until 1895, when J. Banks and J. M. Church bought it. J. Banks has conducted it alone since 1907.
A brewery was established by R. O. Smith in 1863, located at first in Scotts Valley, but in the fall of 1864 moved to a site one-half mile west of Lakeport. This institution ceased business about 1900.
Tradition tells of the establishment of three newspapers in the earliest years of Lakeport's existence, but no definite record is known of them. These were the Times, with John Pendegast at one time editor; the Journal, of which David Pitman Iamo was one of the editors and proprietors in 1865 ; and the Democrat. All were of brief duration. The Clear Lake Courier was started by J. H. F. Farley, a printer, on October 6, 1866. C. B. Woods was the editor, and the paper's policy was strongly Democratic, almost openly advocating secession.
The Lake County Bee was established in Lakeport March 8, 1873, by J. B. Baccus, Jr. L. Wallace became a partner in the Bee June 14, 1877, and on August 23rd of the same year, C. S. Smyth bought the interest of Baccus. The next year R. W. Crump bought Smyth's interest, and he and Wallace conducted the paper from October 24, 1878. On September 18, 1879, A. C. Jackson became part proprietor with Crump. April 20, 1880, A. C. Jackson & Co. succeeded Crump & Jackson.
The Lake Democrat, of the same political belief as the Bee, was started June 15, 1875, by A. A. R. Utting, who continued in charge until April, 1879, when John R. Cook came into possession. On September 11, 1880, the Bee and Democrat were consolidated, with J. R. Cook and A. C. Jack- son as editors and proprietors. The Bee-Democrat was successively edited by Marshall Arnold in 1891, and George Ray in 1892. The Avalanche was founded by R. J. Hudson and run by H. A. McCraney and T. H. Rush in its brief existence about these years. W. L. Rideout worked on the Avalanche from 1893, and succeeded to its management in 1895. Frank W. Beach and Burt G. Sayre acquired the Bee, which had then dropped the additional name of Democrat. in 1893. Fred N. Loring and Henry Howe conducted it in 1895; Loring and Rideout took charge of it in August of that year. H. W. Wood edited it for a month in 1903. Rideout returned to its management, leased and later sold to H. F. Cross, who conducted it, with exception of a month under Harry Odell, until November, 1913, when J. J. Morton took charge.
Following the removal of the Clear Lake Press from Lower Lake to Lakeport in 1891 it was conducted by John L. Allison. January 4, 1895, the paper come into possession of the Hanson brothers, Nathan, Frank and David M., the last-named editing it. Before the end of that month, Mr. Allison recovered the plant and resumed management, associating with him David F. McIntire and the latter's mother-in-law, Mrs. Marcia Mayfield. June 7th of the same year, Mayfield & McIntire acquired Allison's interest. On September 16, 1905, Percy H. Millberry leased Mrs. Mayfield's share and continued in partnership with McIntire until October 5, 1907, when Ben S. Allen leased the latter's interest. Allen retired December 15, 1907. Millberry assuming the entire lease. Millberry installed the first standard linotype
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in Lake county on April 15, 1912, and purchased the paper in September, 1913.
Lakeport was incorporated in 1888, and is still the only incorporated town in the county. The present courthouse was built in 1870, and received an outer cement coating in 1906. The A. Levy brick block was burned in 1890, and immediately rebuilt and a story added. Lakeport citizens voted $15,400 bonds for a municipal water system December 20, 1898. System was com- pleted in 1899 and has been successfully conducted since. Municipal wharf built in 1904. Town installed septic sewer system in 1907. Municipal library opened May, 1907. Cricket a favorite sport in county during 1891-94. Burns Valley and Lakeport teams met San Francisco cracks. Water carnivals given at Lakeport in July, 1896, and in June, 1907. Lake county voted saloons out in 1893; hop buyers boycotted county growers; in 1895 county returned to "wet" column. In April, 1912, Lakeport abolished saloons; in November of same year people passed by initiative an anti-saloon ordinance for entire county, the first entire county going "dry" in California. Lakeport confirmed anti-salcon stand by larger majority in April, 1914. Electricity first furnished Lakeport in 1911 by Mt. Konocti Light and Power Co.
The first recorded sailboat on Clear Lake was the "Plunger," sixteen feet long, owned by J. Broome Smith. It was brought over the mountains by wagon. The next boat of importance was a forty-foot schooner built by Henry Alter in 1862. The "Lady of the Lake," of twenty-five feet length and unusual breadth, was launched by Captain Carr in 1866, and was a favorite pleasure yacht for many years. The "Hallie" was the pioneer steamer on the lake. She was purchased in San Francisco by Capt. R. S. Floyd and brought by wagon by Capt. J. K. Fraser from Napa to Lower Lake. On the mountain road the wagon upset and the craft was precipitated into a canyon, but was reloaded without serious injury. The "Hallie" was launched in July, 1873. In August of that year Mrs. Chapman had a wharf built opposite her property on the lake, the present Benvenue hotel site, which was the first wharf in Lake- port. The Hallie was raised from the lake-bottom at Sulphur Banks by R. D. Winters in 1908, rebuilt, and is now in use by the Yolo Water and Power Company dredger tender. This boat was originally a tender for the U. S. S. Kearsarge.
The "Emma Garratt" was the next steamer, and was built in Lakeport in 1874, by Captains J. B. Robinson and William S. Luke. This craft was of seventy-five feet length, had a stern paddle-wheel, and cost $7000. She was operated for passenger and freight service between Lakeport and East Lake. The "Mamie Coghill" was another old-time steamer operated on the lake by the Bank of Lake. The "City of Lakeport," built by Captain Floyd in 1875, was a seventy-eight foot model of the then finest steamers of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company of San Francisco, having but nine feet beam, and was brig-rigged. Up to 1879 the City of Lakeport made daily trips between Lakeport and Lower Lake, Capt. J. K. Fraser commanding. This steamer was used on the run between Lakeport and Bartlett Landing until 1906. She sank at moorings off Lakeport in 1908, and a few months later was raised, beached and broken up. The first wharf of the Bartlett Springs line was built in 1888, at the foot of Second street.
The Colusa, Lake and Mendocino Telegraph Company had a telegraph line from Colusa to Lakeport in 1874, which was afterward extended to Calis- toga. In 1881 C. E. Lark acquired this line, and changed the company name to
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LAKEPORT, CLEAR LAKE AND MOUNT KONOCTI
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the Northern Telegraph Company. The earliest public travel was by horse stage lines into the southern end of the county, via Napa and Pope Valley, and later from Calistoga, via Middletown, Cobb Valley, and Kelseyville to Lake- port. In the '70s the most favored stage route was from Cloverdale, then the terminus of the Donohue railroad, via Kelseyville, Lakeport and Upper Lake to Bartlett Springs. Another line ran from Lakeport via Upper Lake, Witter Springs, Pearsons Springs and Blue Lakes to Ukiah. Steamer service con- nected Lakeport and East Lake (Sulphur Banks).
Kelseyville
This town, near the site of the first white man's habitation in the county, had no development for years after the massacre of Stone and Kelsey. A blacksmith named Benham started a shop there in 1857. Associated with him was a wagon-maker named German. No other business place was established until 1864, when T. F. Fall opened a store. Rosenbreau & Pace also estab- lished a store and boarding house in the same year. The town has since grown slowly but steadily. The New Era was published there by Otha L. Stanley in 1890. The Kelseyville Sun was started in 1901 by McEwen & McEwen, and conducted by them until sold to E. E. Bryant in 1912.
Upper Lake
Following the first settlement of this section, as described in the general history, there came in J. M. Maxwell, J. B. Howard, M. Shepard, J. Gilbert, L. A. Young, J. M. Denison, J. F. Crabtree, Caspar Sweikert. George A. Lyon, Sr., A. J. Alley, George Bucknell, T. P. Maxwell, M. Waldfogel, S. H. Alley, C. C. Rice, D. V. Thompson, J. B. Robinson, R. C. Tallman, J. F. Burger, J. O. Sleeper, J. Pitney, M. Sleeper. One of the first schools was located at Upper Lake, J. W. Mackall, later cashier of the Farmers' Savings Bank at Lakeport, being the first teacher. William B. Elliott had a blacksmith shop there in 1856.
The formation of the town began in 1866, when a man named Bukofsky had a store there, and Caspar Sweikert a blacksmith shop. Bukofsky sold to Houghton, and he to N. McCrosky. Henry Taylor established the first hotel. William Elliott erected a grist mill in 1858, which was operated until 1867. The Upper Lake planing and grist mill was erected in 1875 by Thomas Keatley.
Stock raising and alfalfa growing for seed have been the principal indus- tries of this section. The establishment of bean canneries has given Upper Lake a big business growth.
Bean Canning
Henry Wambold was the pioneer in the string bean canning industry. While proprietor of Laurel Dell resort in 1900, he experimented in that line, and gave up the hotel business to operate a cannery at Tule Lake. In 1899 he started to reclaim that shallow and tule overgrown body of water, to utilize the rich silt, which made fertile bean land. His successor, the Lake County Canning Co., has completed this reclamation and operates a big cannery, built in 1909.
A. Mendenhall established a bean cannery near Upper Lake in 1897, and has operated successfully every season since, giving employment to 400 people in the season.
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The Lakeport Cannery, a stock company, started in 1902, under direction of Mr. Wambold and C. L. Tindall, but failed in a few seasons by reason of its distance from the bean fields.
In 1868 I. N. Chapman, a surveyor sent by the United States authorities to survey the Lupyoma grant, which had been declared government land, at- tempted a scheme to deprive the settlers of their lands. Delaying the making of entries, he took his field notes to San Francisco. Judge A. P. McCarty suspected Chapman's designs, obtained appointment as his deputy, and notified every settler to file the proper papers, which were hurried by messenger to the land office at Sacramento. Within a few days applications came from San Francisco speculators for practically all the lands within the grant. Chapman had connived with these applicants and aided them by making new plat books, but the conspiracy was defeated by McCarty's prompt action.
Beginning of Middletown
Guenoc was the name of a village started in Coyote valley, which had but a brief existence. Herrick & Getz had a store there in 1860, the first store in the southern end of the county, but moved it the same year to Lower Lake. Strader & Clark started a store there in 1866, and O. Armstrong had a saloon there soon afterward. An Odd Fellows' hall was built, but was moved to Middletown in 1871. The founding of the latter town, nearer the quicksilver mines and at the junction of two roads killed Guenoc.
The first house was built at Middletown in the fall of 1870 by J. H. Berry, who conducted a hotel therein. O. Armstrong started a saloon in the same year. C. M. Young bought a half-interest in the townsite in 1871. D. Lobree started the first store in 1872. The town developed and prospered in the days of extensive quicksilver mining in that section. It was then, as now, con- nected by stages with Calistoga, Lower Lake and Lakeport. A brewery was established in 1875 by Munz & Scott, which continued under varying manage- ment until recent years. The Middletown Independent was established in 1886 by P. B. Graham and J. L. Read. Read bought Graham's interest in 1889 and later in the same year sold a half interest to W. C. Pentecost. In 1895 Read again acquired full control, placed T. A. Read as editor until 1899, and then Warren E. Read until 1904, when the paper was sold to J. D. Kuykendall. The latter conducted it one year and sold it back to J. L. Read, Warren Read again becoming editor. On October 11, 1906, the paper passed to A. O. Stanley, who published it up to January 1, 1911, when he leased it to his son, "Mort" Stanley. The Independent was Republican in politics up to 1906, and independent since.
Quicksilver mining in this section reached the height of its development about 1895. The Great Western Mine, operated by Andrew Rocca, employed 250 men and was equipped with modern machinery. This mine had been located in 1850, but little development was made until 1872, when E. Green and Hiram Taft operated it. The Mirabel mine was another large producer. The Great Western and other small mines still produce considerable quicksilver.
A franchise to construct and operate a toll road was granted by the Legis- lature in 1866 to John Lawley, a Mr. Patterson and Henry Boggs. The road was built in 1867 from Calistoga over Mt. St. Helena to Middletown. The toll road is still in operation by the Lawley heirs, a suit in 1909 to terminate the franchise by reason of the death of the original grantees having been de- cided in their favor.
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CHAPTER XVIII
Some of the Resources of Lake County
Mining for borax was conducted in 1856 at Borax lake, east of Clear lake. Dr. J. A. Veatch was the discoverer of the mineral, and formed the California Borax Company, comprising Messrs. Peachy, Billings, Heydenfeldt, Ayers, Maynard and others. The apparatus for extracting the borax from the lake bottom was crude, and the enterprise was not profitable. Gen. W. S. Jacks, an Englishman named Oxland and Colonel Lightner successively worked as manager. The early miners of this company discovered a bonanza, however, when prospecting on the shore of the east arm of Clear lake. They mined there for sulphur, evidences of which existed widely, but soon discov- ered the section was rich in cinnabar, or quicksilver ore.
First operating in 1874, under the old name of the California Borax Com- pany, then consisting of John Parrott, Tiburcio Parrott, W. F. Babcock, D. O. Mills and the William Burling estate, the corporation was changed to the Sul- phur Banks Quicksilver Mining Company. With inadequate machinery, in the first two years of operation, quicksilver to the value of $600,000 was pro- duced. The average monthly production in 1876 was valued at $40,000. Harry Lightner was the first superintendent. Sulphur Banks grew to be a town of 1000 population, 600 of the people being Chinamen, who worked in the poison- ous fumes of the furnaces and concentrators. The mine greatly developed other business in the county. F. Fiedler was the superintendent in the flush times up to 1881. The operations previous to that time had all been surface workings, but shafts were sunk that year. The country abounds in hot springs, and it was found to be impossible to work for any distance below the surface. The production began to decline. John F. Jeffress, Richard White, Robert Dinsmore and other superintendents operated on a gradually lesser scale. Riley A. Boggess had been connected with the mine, and in 1901 he promoted the formation of the Empire Consolidated Quicksilver Mining Company, floated a considerable amount of stock in the East and secured the names of prominent New York capitalists for directors. The new company purchased the Sulphur Banks and the Abbott mines in Lake county, and the Central and Empire mines in Colusa county. The mines were never opened, and the stockholders' money was wasted. The record of the Sulphur Banks since has been constant litigation and abandoned works, but it is believed by many that rich ore still exists there.
Mineral Springs
The many mineral springs of Lake county, possessing curative powers, and which are now intensively utilized by the summer resorts built up around them, and bottling works which conserve and put on the market the entire flow of some of them, were known early. The aboriginal Indians were familiar with the medicinal virtues of not a few of these springs and visited them in numbers. In this way Capt. A. A. Ritchie discovered Harbin Springs at a very early date. He obtained possession by location and held them six years, disposing of the site to James Harbin, who owned the place for eleven years, when Williams and Hughes acquired the springs. The buildings burned September 6, 1894, at a loss of $35.000. Various owners have since held the resort, which has been a favorite training headquarters for pugilists.
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Anderson Springs were located in 1873 by Dr. A. Anderson and L. S. Patriquin, and opened to the public in 1874. Daughters of the original locator conducted this resort to within a few years.
Adams Springs were located upon by Charles Adams in 1869, and suc- cessive owners were Whitton brothers, J. S. Friedman and E. R. Moses. Adams has been brought to a high state of development and popularity by Dr. William R. Prather, prominent in political circles in California, who has been its proprietor for twenty-seven years.
Howard Springs were discovered in 1877 by C. W. Howard, who opened them to the public and transferred his interests to August Heisch the same year. This is still a flourishing resort.
Seigler Springs were a favorite resort of the Indians when the white men first came. These aborigines had rude baths arranged in the streams, making possible regulation of the temperature of the boiling waters. A man named Seigler was the first white locator. Dr. J. T. Boone made preparations to develop the place in 1868. Alvinza Hayward and W. Cole of San Francisco bought the property in 1870, and planned on a large scale to make it a popular resort of the Pacific Coast. An immense sum of money was spent by them in constructing a race track, building barns, landscape gardening, etc. Object- ing to the high assessment which their improvements induced, the pro- prietors allowed the place to go almost to ruin. Through many vicissitudes and changes of management, Seigler Springs is still a favored place for tourists.
Highland Springs were discovered by an old hunter named Ripley in the '60s. He did little more than build a cabin and dig a tunnel into the creek bank. Ripley sold to H. H. Nunnally and he to Dr. A. B. Caldwell, who began building a hotel in 1871. H. Shartzer and S. M. Putnam purchased the place in 1872. The extensive hotel was completed in 1875. Dr. Bates and a Mr. Hughes were later proprietors, the latter turning over the property to the mortgagor, John D. Stephens, who, associated with Joseph Craig, conducted it for years. The present hotel was built in 1897.
Henry Wambold built the new hotel at Laurel Dell in 1900, and sold it to Edgar Durnan in 1901. Blue Lakes was a well-known place of resort as early as 1880. The Blue Lakes Realty Co., under management of H. W. Kemp, has greatly improved this resort in recent years.
Soda Bay possesses the distinction of the huge soda spring bubbling from the waters of Clear lake, whence the name of the resort is derived. This fea- ture is not only a wonderful natural phenomenon, but was celebrated by the early Indians as one of their few mythological conceptions. The water, strongly charged with carbonic acid gas, arises also at various points from the waters of the bay John O'Shea, an early coroner of the county, lost his life by as- phyxiation while bathing in this spring. Rev. Richard Wylie of Napa was the first owner of the property, and he leased it in 1879 to A. K. Gregg.
Glenbrook is another resort, situated in Cobb Valley, which has been a favored place, especially with fishermen, since early days.
Saratoga Springs were originally known after the name of the first propri- etor, J. W. Pearson, who located them in 1874. He sold to J. J. Kebert in 1878. The hotel was erected in 1874. John Mahrtens was a proprietor of this resort for many years up to his death in 1913.
Witter Springs were discovered by Benjamin Burke in 1870, and were pur- chased by Dr. Dexter Witter and W. P. Radcliff the following year. A road
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was built in 1872, and the original hotel in 1873. B. Holler was owner in 1892. Many cottages were built at intervals, and a magnificent and immense hotel put up in 1905.
Greene Bartlett, then a hunter, discovered the group of springs which have since borne his name, in 1870. Trying the efficacy of the water for his rheuma- tism, with satisfactory results, he guided a party of fourteen similarly afflicted friends to the place, and claimed they found a remedy for their ills. Mr. Bart- lett located on the site, and successive managers of the resort were a Mr. Gordon, W. W. Greene, Long & Brown, D. Alexander, J. C. Crigler, the Mc- Mahon brothers, and C. C. McMahon. Beside the original hotel and many cot- tages, two big and thoroughly-appointed hotel buildings have been erected in recent years.
Big Valley township had the first settlement of white men, as has been previously described. The pioneers who followed soon after the Hammack party include the following, many of whose names are still represented by descendants in the county : Charles Goodwin, Daniel Giles, Dr. J. S. Downes, William Forbes, James Parrish, Dr. E. D. Boynton, George Tucker, George Brewington, B. Caldwell, A. J. Plate, A. Levy, Robert Gaddy, J. H. Huston, W. A. Thompson and family, Peter Clarke, J. B. Cook, W. S. Cook, Preston Rickabaugh, Seth Rickabaugh, B. F. Shaul, G. W. Gard, A. Kouns, H. Cohn, R. Kennedy, J. Ingram, S. F. Tucker, A. A. Slocum, C. A. Piner, J. M. Huston, P. M. Daley, E. B. Bole, J. C. Crigler, Hiram Allen, J. C. W. Ingram, J. T. McClintock, J. H. Jamison. In Scotts Valley there settled Greenbury Hen- dricks, E. C. Riggs, William Gessner, Jolin Lynch, J. M. Sleeper, J. Davis, A. F. Tate and J. H. Moore. In Cobb valley : John Cobb, Simon Bassett and his son, William D. Bassett. In Cold valley : H. R. Bolter ; and in Paradise valley, Isaac Alter.
Mills
While the accessible timber of Lake county has never been extensive, small mills for supplying local demands were established from the earliest period of white occupation. The Bruce saw mill existed on Cache creek in 1856. Thomas Boyd, known as "Dobe" Boyd, from the fact of his having lived in the adobe house built by Kelsey & Stone, built the next mill, a saw and grist mill combined, on the slope of Mt. Hannah, in 1858. It was burned in 1860, and rebuilt on the road between Kelseyville and Cobb valley. Subsequent pro- prietors were Allen & Shaul Brothers, Benjamin Moore, and H. C. Boggs. John Cobb built a saw mill in Cobb valley in 1859. J. M. Harbin built a saw mill at the summit of Cobb mountain in 1873. Thomas Allison built a flour mill on Kelsey creek, two miles above Kelseyville, in 1860. It was burned, but rebuilt in 1867, and owned successively by Allison & Standiford, and Peter Burtnett. The Lower Lake flouring mill was built in 1869 by J. M. Everetts and William Davy, was operated in 1871 by William Saywood, and in 1881 by M. N. Young. Joel Stoddard had a mill northwest of Middletown in 1881. The early mills in the Upper Lake section were the following: Pine Mountain mill was built by J. Bateman and M. N. Young in 1865. Subsequent owners were H. A. Humphrey & O. Smith, W. H. Manlove, and L. A. Young. The Denison mill was moved from Mendocino county by A. J. Stroup, locating on Little Horse mountain, and in 1872 to Pine mountain, operated later by Deni- son and G. H. Haynes. J. F. Hanson built a small mill at the head of Long valley in 1875. J. J. Andray had a mill a short distance above Bartlett Springs 9
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