USA > California > Los Angeles County > Pasadena > History of Pasadena, comprising an account of the native Indian, the early Spanish, the Mexican, the American, the colony, and the incorporated city, occupancies of the Rancho San Pasqual, and its adjacent mountains, canyons, waterfalls and other objects of interest: being a complete and comprehensive histo-cyclopedia of all matters pertaining to this region > Part 15
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SCHEDULE OF BATTLES IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
The battles or memorable actions locally near to Pasadena were :
Capture of Los Angeles, without battle, August 13, 1846, by Commo- dore Stockton and Col. Fremont.
Night attack on American headquarters by Serbulo Barrelas and his drunken revellers celebrating the Mexican "Independence Day," September 16, 1846.
Arrest and imprisonment of leading Spanish citizens by Licut. Gillespie, September 17th and 18th, on account of the drunken mob.
Siege of Gillespie's barracks and headquarters by Mexicans in revolt, September 19, 20, 21, etc., and he sent to Capt. B. D. Wilson at Jurupa, [now Riverside] for reinforcements.
Battle of Chino, September 27, 1846. Americans under Capt. B. D. Wilson all captured, and held as prisoners of war by the Mexicans until January 10, 1847.
Battle of Los Angeles, September 23, 1846 .* The Mexicans made a dashing assault on Gillespie's barracks, which were inside of high adobe walls [about where the St. Charles hotel now stands, ] and were repulsed with a reported loss of eight killed and many wounded.
*Some accounts say this battle occurred on the 16th, some say the 23d, some say the 28th of Septem- ber. Some say four Mexicans were killed, some say eight, and some say none. I account for these dis- crepancies thus : Some narrators tell of the night assault on Gillespie's barracks by the drunken mob celebrating Mexican "Inpependence Day," Sept. 16, in which none were killed, and called that "the battle." Others tell of the open, dashing assault made against the barracks on the 23d, which was re- pulsed and the four men killed. This was really " the batlle," and the proper date, as Hittell has it. The other four were killed on different days in the desultory fighting that was kept up, but have been lumped into one day's report. Then on the 28th the Mexicans had found their " Woman's Gun " and were hauling it up onto Fort Hill ; but John Marshall unspiked one of the old Mexican cannon in Gil- lespie's barracks, and a crew of his men dragged it quickly up the steep east face of Fort Hill, got in position and opened fire one minute ahead of the Mexicans, drove them off, and " held the fort." And some call this " the battle of Los Angeles."
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DIVISION ONE -- PRE-PASADENIAN.
Evacuation of Los Angeles, September 30, by Lieut. Gillespie, and retreat to ship at San Pedro.
Battle of Dominguez ranch, October 8, 1846, Americans under Capt. Mervine and Lieut. Gillespie defeated, with six killed and seven wounded.
Ruse de guerre at San Pedro, October 23. Commodore Stockton landed 800 men and six cannon at San Pedro, to march on Los Angeles, but could not get any horses or beef cattle; and the Mexican Captain, Carrillo, inanœuvered his 400 men, mostly raw ranchmen leading one or two extra horses, so skillfully that Stockton was made to believe there were over 2,000 Mexican troops in line to oppose his advance. So he re-embarked, and sailed to San Diego. [He had to go there anyway to find safe harbor- age for his ships at that time of year.]
Battle of San Pasqual, (an Indian village in San Diego county,) Decem- ber 6, 1846. Gen. Kearny attacked Mexican troops, and was disastrously defeated, with 18 killed, 19 wounded (three mortally), one missing, and one cannon captured from him.
Battle of San Gabriel ford, January 8, 1847. Mexicans defeated.
Battle of Laguna ranch (called "The Mesa " in Stockton's and other reports), January 9, 1848. Mexicans defeated.
Re-occupation of Los Angeles by Commodore Stockton, Jannary 10, 1847, and Mexican army encamped at South Pasadena.
Capitulation of Cahuenga, January 13, 1847. This practically ended the Mexican war so far as California was concerned.
IN THE
PASADENA MOUNTAINS
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HISTORY OF PASADENA.
DIVISION TWO-COLONIAL.
CHAPTER V.
ORIGIN OF PASADENA -The "Indiana Colony " scheme, and its collapse .- D. M. Berry "spies out" Rancho Sau Pasqual .- Origin of the "San Gabriel Orange Grove Association."-How its members chose their lots, and where .- Success of the colony .- Anniversary picnic .- First Citrus Fair .- First premiums won twice at Los Angeles .- The Lake Vineyard Colony started .- Its lands and first settlers. -The colony water ditch.
THE INDIANA COLONY.
Sometime in the winter of 1872-73, some friends were together one Sunday at the home of Dr. T. B. Elliott, in Indianapolis, Ind. It had been a severe winter, and as usual the rigors and hardships of the season were among the topics of conversation. Mrs. Elliott remarked that they had better all emigrate to California, and said, " I'm going, anyway, if nobody else does." This was taken as a joke at first ; but it seemed to stick like a seed of burr clover, for it very soon thereafter became a matter of serious consideration among those friends ; and by May they had matured a scheme to form an association called the "California Colony of Indiana." The first formal meeting in regard to the matter was held at the office of Berry & Elliott in Indianapolis, there being present Dr. T. B. Elliott, D. M. Berry, John H. Baker, J. M. Matthews, and Gen. Nathan Kimball. A circular was issued, giving elaborate details of the plan, which was to send certain pioneers to " spy out the land," select a tract " well timbered, well watered, and adapted to the culture of citrus fruits "-and which could be bought for about $3 per acre. These pioneers were to go ahead and sow wheat, 1000 acres, plant hedge fences, start nurseries, plant vineyards, set out orange groves and other fruits, provide irrigation facilities, etc., all so easily done on paper, and so hard to do on land. And where were the funds to carry forward all this magnitude of rugged endeavor ? The circu- lar makes answer thus :
" To create a fund to meet these expenses, assessments will be made 011 each member, as follows : June 1, 1873, $10 ; July 1, 1873, $10 ; August I, 1873, $10 ; September 1, 1873, $10 -total $40; and thereafter, on the first day of each month an assessment of like amount, or if found necessary, $12.50 per month will be made."
The circular was signed
T. B. ELLIOTT, President. CALVIN FLETCHER, Genl. Agent.
J. M. MATTHEWS, Secretary. JOHN H. BAKER.
HON. J. H. RUDDELI,, Treasurer. D. M. BERRY.
In1 August, a committee consisting of Gen. Nathan Kimball, Berry, Baker, and a surveyor named Albert Ruxton, were dispatched to California
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DIVISION TWO - COLONIAL.
to select and purchase land and start the colony work as laid out in the printed circular. But soon thereafter came the great financial crisis and panic of that year, which followed the failure of Jay Cooke, the Wall street king of the hour, and his gigantic Northern Pacific Railroad scheme. Partly owing to this money panic, and partly from its natural weakness as a prompt cash resource, the financial plan of the colony enterprise proved a sorry failure ; for D. M. Berry, its purchasing agent, reported in December from Los Angeles to treasurer Ruddell at Indianapolis that he had only $130.80 on hand. However, this Mr. Berry became the " connecting link " between the extinct colony creation of Indianapolis and the living Pasadena of today, which happened in this wise :
One day very early in November, 1873, Judge Eaton was in Los Ange- les and happened to meet Mr. Berry. In the course of conversation Mr. Berry stated his business in California ; and when asked by the Judge with what success he had met, he replied in a comical but rather lugubrious tone : " Well, I have worn my shoes out, and have worn my clothes out, and I am about worn out myself ; but I have failed to find the desired " well tim- bered, well watered tract." Mr. Eaton then invited Berry to accompany him to his home on the San Pasqual ranch, out a few miles in the country. Mr. Berry accepted, and was driven up the Arroyo to the Garfias mansion, and on up to " Fair Oaks," now J. F. Crank's place, near Eaton Canyon. The following morning when Mr. Berry got up he made the remark that he felt fine, and had passed the night in sound, unbroken slumber for the first time in three years. He looked down over the beautiful valley and was enchanted. He said, "this is the place I have been looking for."
Mr. Berry had opened an office under the name of Berry & Elliott, in Los Angeles, in a small adobe building on the southwest corner of land where the Baker block now stands, on North Main street. After returning from his visit at Judge Eaton's, he and J. H. Baker and Calvin Fletcher, being all that was then left of the "Indiana Colony," went to work trying to get other eastern people in and about Los Angeles to join them as colo- nists and buy the San Pasqual lands. They succeeded so well that the first formal meeting was held in Berry & Elliot's office Nov. 13, at which were present in person or by legal representative-B. S. Eaton, T. F. Croft, D. M. Berry, T. B. Elliott by proxy, P. M. Green, A. O. Porter, W. T. Clapp, John H. Baker, A. O. Bristol, Jabez Banbury, H. G. Bennett, Calvin Fletcher, E. J. Vawter, H. J. Holmes, J. M. Mattliews, Nathan Kimball, Jesse Yarnell, Mrs. C. A. Vawter, N. R. Gibson. And they then and there voted to organize themselves into a corporate body called the "San Gabriel Orange Grove Association," to exist ten years, and have a capital stock of $25,000, divided into 100 shares of $250 each.
It took a month to get the articles of incorporation prepared, signed and recorded in due and legal form, with certificate from the Secretary of
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HISTORY OF PASADENA.
.
State, etc., and on December 13. 1873, the "San Gabriel Orange Grove As- sociation " first breathed the breath of full legal existence. Its first Board of Directors were B. S. Eaton, A. O. Porter, D. M. Berry, Thomas F. Croft, W. T. Clapp, A. O. Bristol, Calvin Fletcher : and they elected Eaton for president, Croft vice president, Clapp treasurer, Berry secretary.
In an article written by Hon. P. M. Green for the Farnsworth pamphlet published in 1883, he says .
"The Association purchased in December, 1873, the interest of Dr. J .. S. Griffin in the San Pasqual Ranch, consisting of about 4,000 acres of land, and their Civil Engineer, N. R. Gibson,* was directed, under the efficient supervision of Calvin Fletcher, to subdivide 1,500 acres of the choicest part of the land into tracts, varying in size from fifteen to sixty acres, for distri- bution among the stockholders. In this work ample provision was made for parks, wide and convenient streets, and sites for school-houses and reser- voirs. The plan for parks was subsequently abandoned on account of the garden-like appearance which the entire place assumed. Active work was also begun in carrying the water from its source near the mountains, by a system of iron pipes, to each subdivision and to within a short distance of every man's door.
"The work of the engineer in subdividing the lands having been com- pleted, the stockholders met on the 27th day of January, 1874, and by mutual agreement each made his selection of a tract proportionate to his in- terest in the corporation and suited to his taste and judgment. And such was the diversity of soil, location, and topography of the land that each of the then twenty-seven stockholders was able to secure his own choice with- out conflict with the choice of any other stockholder. The chief instrument in bringing about this happy consummation was Calvin Fletcher, a resident of Indiana, who was then temporarily residing in Los Angeles."
Mr. Fletcher gave his valuable services in the matter gratuitously, for which the settlers were very thankful. He was himself the largest share- holder, yet he voluntarily took his choice of land last, saying, "Any of it is good enough for me!" and chose 180 acres in the vicinity of South Pasa- dena; and afterward purchased sixty acres more from the Ward Leavitt place.
THE ORIGINAL COLONY FARMS.
From a careful inspection of Secretary Berry's records and the original colony map preserved in the Pasadena L. & W. Company's office, I have compiled the following schedule of names, acres, and location of land select- ed by the several colonists on that memorable and historic day, January 27, 1874. One share equaled fifteen acres, and it had been agreed that the one- share and two-share men might first take their choice out of all the lands.
J. H. BAKER, fifteen acres. Fair Oaks to Vernon Avenue, and Walnut to Mary street-now known as the Mosher Tract. The Christian church
*Hon. P. M. Green, A. O. Bristol and W. T. Clapp served as chain men in this surveying work. They were all living in Los Angeles-Mr. Fletcher at the Pico house-and Mr. Bristol's buckskin ponies brought the party out every morning and back at night.
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DIVISION TWO-COLONIAL.
and the Lutheran church are on this selection. Baker's was the second house built in the colony.
W. J. BARCUS, fifteen acres. South Pasadena-West Columbia to Her- mosa street, and Palm Avenue to Arroyo Drive. He resides there yet- 1895.
ALF. W. DANA, fifteen acres. Fair Oaks to Vernon Avenue on south side of Mary street-afterward the B. F. Ball home place, and on which Mr. Ball built the first brick house ever erected in Pasadena.
JESSE YARNELL, fifteen acres. Orange Grove Avenue and Kensington street-now W. U. Masters's home place.
A. O. BRISTOL, thirty acres. Lincoln Avenue [Old Fair Oaks] and Cypress Avenue, and from North Orange Grove Avenue down to Walnut street. Mr. Bristol built the first house in Pasadena, 20x22, one-story, and it stands there yet, near his present dwelling, at S. W. corner of North Orange Grove and Lincoln Avenue. He had by general consent chosen his lot several days previously and planned work on it, so that was really the first choice announced. [This special favor was a "thank you " for his buckskin ponies' services in the surveying work.]
I. N. MUNDELL, thirty acres. N. E. corner North Orange Grove and Walnut street, where he resided till 1894, then moved to Orange county. This was the second choice announced.
A. W. HUTTON, thirty acres. Each side of Arlington Drive from Or- ange Grove to Fair Oaks Avenue. This was Judge Hutton of Los Angeles.
T. J. AND L. J. LOCKHART, thirty acres. Orange Grove Avenue and Arlington Court down to Arroyo Drive. (Now the McGregory place.)
E. J. VAWTER, per D. M. Berry, sixty acres. North of Reservoir Hill and west of North Orange Grove Avenue down into the Arroyo.
T. E. LIPPINCOTT, per D. M. Berry, sixty acres. From Walnut street to North Orange Grove Avenue where the Terminal railroad now runs, and also Pasadena and Winona Avenues running northwest. He also took an- other lot north of North Orange Grove Avenue.
NEY STRICKLAND, sixty acres. West of Lincoln Avenue and north of North Orange Grove Avenue-the Joseph Wallace place. Mr. Wallace started here the first fruit canning enterprise in Pasadena, in 1881, and con- tinues it yet.
MRS. C. A. VAWTER, per D. M. Berry, sixty acres. North side of Colorado street from Fair Oaks to Orange Grove Avenue-afterward the Dr. Carr place .* The First National Bank, the Arcade building, the City Hall [White's block], the Los Angeles House, the Terminal R. R. depot, etc., are on this tract,
ELLIOTT AND BERRY (DR. T. B. ELLIOTT, D. M. BERRY), per D. M. Berry, 180 acres. (Dr. Elliot had not arrived yet from Indianapolis.) From
*Mrs. Vawter sold forty-two acres to Mrs. Jeannie C. Carr, February 14, 1877.
IIO
HISTORY OF PASADENA.
Fair Oaks Avenue to Arroyo Drive, and from Colorado street south to Ele- vado Drive.
COL. J. BANBURY, sixty acres. From Fair Oaks Avenue to Arroyo Drive, and from Elevado to Waverly Drive. He built the third house in the settlement-the one where Mrs. I. M. Hill now resides, on Orange Grove Avenue-1894.
N. R. GIBSON, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo, and from Wav- erly to Palmetto street. (The James Smith tract.)
THOMAS F. CROFT, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo, and from Palmetto to California street. The first plow that ever turned a sod in Pasa- dena was run by Mr. Croft on his land, along where the ist Congregational church and Rev. D. D. Hill's residence now stand- 1894. The Garfield school is also on the Croft farm.
W. T. CLAPP, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo, and from Cali- fornia to Congress street. The first colony school house and the first church (Presbyterian) were erected on this body of land.
H. J. HOLMES, per W. T. Clapp, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Ar- royo, on each side of Bradford street and Markham street. Gov. Mark- ham's residence, fronting east on Pasadena Avenue, is on this selection.
HENRY G. BENNETT, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo on each side of Bellefontaine street. The Catholic church now stands on this land.
J. M. MATTHEWS, per Thos. F. Croft, 60 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo Drive, next south of Mr. Bennett's choice. On this farm are now located the fine residences of E. F. Hurlbut, Prof. T. S. C. Lowe, and Mrs. Col. Baker.
B. S. EATON, 60 acres. His present home place named "Hillcrest," on the south Pasadena bluff ; also from Fair Oaks to Orange Grove Avenue, and on down the west bluff, next north of the Porter & Green selection which lay along the north side of Columbia street. "Grace Hill " is on Judge Eaton's selection.
PORTER & GREEN, 120 acres. From Fair Oaks to Arroyo Drive on north side of Columbia street ; and also on south side of same street to Sylvan Drive-Columbia Hill being then reserved for school, church and reservoir sites.
WARD LEAVITT, per D. M. Berry, 60 acres. South Pasadena.
CALVIN FLETCHER, 180 acres. South Pasadena. 1121% acres of his lands are marked "Mayhew " on the original colony map.
The colony map was prepared by N. R. Gibson, engineer, and was 23×52 inches in size. A photograph copy of it was made for record, and was recorded June 25, 1874, in Book 2, pages 556 to 559 of Miscellaneous Records of Los Angeles county. J. W. Gillette, county recorder.
The amount of land bought was 3,93373 acres, for $25,000. About 1,400 acres which lay detached, up toward the mountains, was donated to
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DIVISION TWO - COLONIAL.
the colony by B. D. Wilson. This was sold off in parcels; and finally the last 900 acres of it (without water) was sold in 1882 to Woodbury Brothers from Marshalltown, Iowa, for $5 per acre. It is now known as Altadena. 1800 acres of the water-rights land were subdivided ; and Soo acres were Arroyo and hill lands, including reserved water-bearing lands, reservoir sites, etc.
The name Pasadena was officially adopted April 22, 1875. See full account of it in chapter 18.
Mrs. Jeannie C. Carr in her contribution to the Lewis "History of Los Angeles County," published in 1889, speaking of the first apportionment of the colony lands, says :
"Nearly all had a choice spot in view, and it was an anxious moment when, the lovely landscape at their feet, and the maps outspread, the bid- ding was about to begin. Mr. Fletcher moved that the owners of a single share be first invited to make their selections. And such was the diversity of soil, location and topography that each of the twenty-seven stockholders secured his chosen homestead, without interfering with that of his neigh-
bor. * * It was a singular fact that there was not a professional and hardly a practical horticulturist or farmer among them ; but the spell of the neighboring orchards and vineyards soon transformed them into enthusiastic culturists of the orange and the vine. The worn-out physician found the fountain of youth in the pure California sunshine, which turned his grapes into delicious raisins. In the first nine years of the history of the settle- ment, not a single criminal prosecution occurred among a population of a thousand souls, and quarrels were unknown. Lawyers issued writs of ejectment to gophers and burrowing squirrels, of which there was no lack."
FIRST REUNION PIC-NIC OF THE COLONY.
On their second anniversary, January 27, 1876, the colonists held a general reunion pic-nic in what they called Live Oak Park-now the Lin- coln Park portion of South Pasadena. The entire population was there- men, women and children. Among the guests of the occasion was the ven- erable C. F. Clarkson, a pioneer agricultural editor and publisher of Iowa, and father of J. S. Clarkson, editor of the Iowa State Register, the leading republican paper of the state, who afterward became famous as chairman of the Republican National Committee, and First Assistant Postmaster-General in President Harrison's administration [1889]. Father Clarkson paid a glowing tribute to the location, and complimented in the highest terms the wisdom and foresight of those who had selected the situation for the settle- ment, and had laid so broad and deep the foundations of its success ; and he predicted in eloquent words the bright and prosperous future before it, such as the most sanguine of its projectors had not conceived of. Mr. Clarkson and his wife spent the winter here and at Los Angeles ; and with Col. Ban- bury and other friends they made a trip up Eaton canyon to the Falls, which was a notable event at the time, for Mrs. Clarkson was a woman of such large and fleshy proportions, that it was only with extreme difficulty,
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HISTORY OF PASADENA.
patience, perseverance, and frequent assistance that she was able to accom- plish the canyon trip. Father Clarkson then and for many years until his death, edited the Agricultural Department of the Iowa State Register; and he wrote rapturously of Pasadena and all this region of country even to the year of his death, thus making himself its chief apostle and missionary throughout Iowa-a circumstance which accounts for so many Iowa people coming here.
Another guest and speaker on that anniversary occasion was Col. John F. Godfrey of Los Angeles, after whom the John F. Godfrey Post, G. A. R., and Woman's Relief Corps of Pasadena were named. Calvin Fletcher, Dr. T. B. Elliott, and other colony members also made appropriate speeches.
FIRST CITRUS FAIR.
The next important stage in the evolution of the colony, as to its ma- terial interests and its guerdon of stability, was when its orchards and vine- yards began to yield their fruit. And here I quote again from Hon. P. M. Green's well written sketch. Mr. Green says :
"The year 1880 being the first in which the orchards and vineyards began to be productive, the society decided to hold its first Citrus Fair, at which the products of the locality might be placed on exhibition. March 24 was the date fixed for the Fair, and when the time came the display of fruits of all kinds was greatly in excess of the most sanguine expectations. The exhibition was a grand success, and a surprise to all in attendance. The public prints of the day-all the Los Angeles newspapers being repre- sented at the Fair-abounded in praises of the exhibition, and of the energy and enterprise of its projectors.
"The success of the society at its local exhibition encouraged it to make another display of the products of the place at the Citrus Fair held under the auspices of the Southern California Horticultural Society at the city of Los Angeles, in March, 1881. This was intended as an exhibition strictly of the citrus products of every part of the State where citrus fruits can be produced, and every section was represented. The exhibition of Pasadena at this Fair was grand and imposing. A huge pyramid of oranges, lemons, and limes was erected, which attracted marked attention. and was the admiration of the thousands in attendance. The exhibit was awarded the first premium over all competitors, and bore off in triumph the blue ribbon and the one hundred dollars awarded to it as the largest and best exhibit of the kind ever made in the State.
"At the regular Annual Fair of the Southern California Horticultural Society, held in the fall of 1881, at which a general exhibit of all the fruits produced in California was made, the Pasadena exhibit again took the first premium. Thus, at two successive Fairs [in Los Angeles] Pasadena was able to carry off the first premium for the quality and display of its fruits, against the competition of the very best fruit-growing districts of the State."
THE LAKE VINEYARD COLONY TRACT.
The foregoing account has followed apparently the founding and pro- gress of the San Gabriel Orange Grove Association only, whose territory was bounded on the east by Fair Oaks Avenue. But another colony sub-
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DIVISION TWO-COLONIAL.
division of lands was made by Hon. B. D. Wilson in 1876, because by that time the Orange Grove Association had only two or three small lots left for sale, so rapidly had its lands been taken up and improved. This new colony tract comprised about 2,500 acres of land, eastward, with Fair Oaks Avenue as the line of separation from the original plat ; and it was named the "Lake Vineyard Land and Water Company," from the name of Mr. Wilson's home place, he being himselt the "Company," with his son-in- law, J. DeBarth Shorb, as general manager. Wilson and Griffin had sold the Grogan tract in 1868, and Wilson now repurchased a portion of it for his new colony scheme, so that the plat extended eastward a few rods beyond Wilson Avenue to what is now Bandini Avenue. This colony tract was laid out in five and ten acre lots, and water to be piped to each lot from a reser- voir at the end of the original " Wilson Ditch " before described as made by Judge Eaton in 1867, for Wilson and Griffin.
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