USA > California > Los Angeles County > Pasadena > History of Pasadena, comprising an account of the native Indian, the early Spanish, the Mexican, the American, the colony, and the incorporated city, occupancies of the Rancho San Pasqual, and its adjacent mountains, canyons, waterfalls and other objects of interest: being a complete and comprehensive histo-cyclopedia of all matters pertaining to this region > Part 67
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October 23, 1894, I visited this mill. It was then expected to steam up and commence regular work in two weeks. About 100 assays had been made there at the mill camp, I was told, and had averaged $40 per ton. There were fifty tons of ore ready for the hoppers. But the season had been unusually dry, and the water supply from the canyon, being small at best, was growing more scant day by day ; and up to December 15, 1894, the mill was ready for work but lying idle because there was not water enough at command for the necessary uses of the miil and camp. [Later .- September, 1895, I am informed that the Loris mining works have been abandoned and the mill moved away. ]
After the foregoing digression, I quote again from my report of January, 1894 :
" The same fissure vein of mineral-bearing quartz crops out also on Echo Mountain, only a few rods northward from the hotel reservoir; and the east bridle road to Mount Lowe crosses a slide of debris from this out- crop which I named "Temptation Slide," because for twenty years past it has semi-occassionally tempted some old miner or prospector to follow it up and dig awhile ; and thus it has been "discovered," "staked," abandoned, and rediscovered several times over. It is now staked and claimed by John E. Bennett of Los Angeles, and named the "Professor Lowe Mine ;" but no tunnel or shaft has been worked into it. From this cropping it dips both
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northward into the body of the mountain and southwest down into Las Flores Canyon. The vein varies from two and one-half to four feet thick.
"IN LAS FLORES CANYON, at an elevation of about 2,300 feet above sea level, is the most extensive opening that has ever been made into this Pasadena mineral vein. It has been traced here for about a mile, and claims staked at every available point, their recorded names being "Golden Star," "Jessie Marie," "Altadena," "Pasadena," "Monitor," and "Bald Eagle." At the "Golden Star" mine a shaft has been sunk, following the dip of the vein down 100 feet-at an angle of 45° for 65 feet, then increasing to about 60° of dip. This lower section became too dangerous by reason of foul air, called "fire damp," and it was boxed off for the present, and a tun- nel run westward, which had been extended fifteen feet when I was there in September, 1893. The descending shaft was excavated four and one-half feet high and six feet wide; and the first sixty-five feet of it is timbered up solid enough for a railroad tunnel. To provide ventilation, a hot air furnace was kept burning at the mouth of the shaft and a draft-pipe run down to the workmen at the lower end of it, new joints being added as the tunnel pro- gressed. A good wagon road extends up to within about 150 feet of the mouth of the shaft and its dumpyard ; and at this road-point the company has staked ground for a quartz mill of their own. Wm. Twaddell, the superintendent and chief owner of these mines, has bought the house and farm in the canyon, known to old settlers in Pasadena as the "Forsyth ranch." It has a priority water right in the canyon, which can be used to run the mill, and serve afterward for domestic and irrigation purposes just as well as it does now. Messrs. J. T. Best, Samuel Wells, and Thomas Armstrong are members of this mining company ; and there are two others interested merely as capitalists or silent partners. I visited this mine Sep- tember 13, and again on November 24, 1893; there was then twenty to twenty-five tons of ore on the dump, and I gathered from it pocket samples of auriferous quartz, silver chloride, horn silver, iron pyrites, iron oxide rock, chloritic talcose shale-or, in plain English, green clay, sometimes miscalled "soap-stone"; gold sulphide, gold-bearing crude porphyry, and some red, pulverulent ore with flour of gold diffused. I estimated that probably one-fourth of the ore on this dump was "pay-rock," and the rest doubtful. The owners estimated its value to average $10 per ton, claiming their assays to have yielded from $3 to $14.29 per ton. The assays for Twaddell were made by Thos. Price of San Francisco, formerly State min- eralogist, and an expert authority in such work. (The crude porphyry from one of the Las Flores water tunnels assayed $3.20 of gold per ton.) The owners claim to be experienced miners, and seem to be well satisfied that they have a good property in these mines, which they intend to work as a regular, legitimate productive industry."*
[NOTE .- I visited Las Flores again October 23, 1894. A new water tunnel had been worked into the east wall of the canyon about 1/3 of a mile up from the claim staked for a mill site, to a depth of 125 feet, running east through a moist mineral vein, and a branch of 35 feet running north through a dry ore vein. It was the intention to continue the eastward tunnel 125
* M. E. Wood came to Pasadena in 1876 ; and in 1881 he and a miner from Arizona named Redway discovered mineral rock in Las Flores canyon. They staked a claim there, and had some of the ore assayed. It yielded a small amount of both gold and silver, but not enough to pay for working, and they abandoned it.
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HISTORY OF PASADENA.
feet farther, in search of more water. During the month of September Mr. Twaddell had procured four assays to be made for him at the Loris mining works. in Pine Canyon, and these yielded respectively $4, $10, $1, and $1,800 per ton.]
LINDA VISTA GOLD MINES .- In September, 1886, W. L. Vail and Frank A. Kasson reported assays running from $40 to $100 per ton from gold ore found in the Linda Vista Hills. And in 1887 John W. Wilson and son worked a mineral vein from 14 to 18 inches thick, in the hills west of Linda Vista and about two miles from Pasadena. The vein yielded quartz oxide free milling ore, and six different assays gave from $4.60 to $26.00 per ton value in gold and silver, with gold predominating. But the right of all minerals of value ever to be found within this part of the old Spanish grant of the San Rafael Rancho was bought years ago from Benj. Dreyfuss by J. DeBarth Shorb; hence this mine could only be worked by Shorb's permis- sion, and with a percentage to him, and thus it does not pay to work it.
In 1884 I owned some land on the Arroyo hills west of Pasadena, where the Scoville bridge and other improvements are now located ; and near the top of the hill there was an abandoned gold-digging. Our late townsman, Dr. O. H. Conger, had assayed "the color," as miners term it, or yellow dirt which was found there, and it yielded a little gold, but not enough to pay for working. And the excavation has since been covered up by Mr. Scoville's grading operations.
In 1883 there were still visible some abandoned gold-diggings in the semi-circular sandy flat below the county road as it winds up from the Gar- vanza bridge to Highland Park. The old Pasadena stage road crossed this flat within a few yards of the gold-digger's pits ; they were sand-wash dig- gings ; but they are all now filled up, the land being used for a Chinese market garden. And the vegetable diggers are making more money out of it than the gold-diggers did.
In the old flood-plain of the Eaton canyon wash, above Lamanda Park, there is occasionally found a mysterious old pit in the sand and gravel, as if somebody had been digging for water. These are remains of gold-digging ventures-some of them made as long ago as 1852. [See also page 53, and first footnote, page 73.]
OTHER MINERAL FORMATIONS.
On the west side of the Arroyo Seco, opposite the foot of Columbia street, there are shale beds of Tertiary age, and I have gathered from them specimens of selenite, a crystallized and pellucid variety of sulphate of lime, or gypsum ; but it does not occur in commercial quantity. I also found there, as an exudate or efflorescence of the shale beds, some granular crusts of sulphate of magnesia or epsom salts, and in the same beds I found exuda- tions of alkali -almost pure saleratus.
In 1876 Prudent Beaudry tunneled into the west bank of the Arroyo Seco opposite the foot of Columbia street for coal, and worked out altogether about a ton of a pretty good article, though it proved to be only a pocket deposit, and no more was found. The shaft or tunnel was carried in two hundred feet, but the mouthi has caved in or filled up with debris, so that it
-
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DIVISION EIGHT -SCIENCE.
cannot now be entered to obtain specimens.« This Beaudry coal shaft was excavated by Samuel Carson, a son of Gen. Fremont's famous Rocky Mountain scout, Kit Carson.
On the line of the abandoned old Santa Fe cut-off track from Raymond to Lamanda Park, at a point between Moline and Lake Avenue the grade or roadbed was cut through a deposit of bog iron ore, also called " ferriferous tufa," and " cellular limonite." It is a geological curiosity but of no com- mercial value.
In the South Pasadena hills, right where the Lincoln Park reservoir is now located, there is an extensive deposit of feldspathic shale, and mixed in it are boulders of water-lime rock which were dug out and burned and used for hydraulic cement when the Padres of San Gabriel built their Mission church, their mills and their dams. And the Pasadena colony people ordered lime burned there for their Orange Grove reservoir in 1874; and Mr. Shorb procured it also for the original cement ditch from Devil's Gate to Reservoir No. 1, in 1876. But fuel is so high now that a better article of cement can be imported for less money than it will cost to quarry and burn the lime here.
FOSSIL FISH LEDGE-The body of hills extending from South Pasa- dena to East Los Angeles are commonly called " chalk hills," but there is little or no real chalk or lime in the feldspathic shale of which they are chiefly composed. It seems to be a sedimentry mixture of kaolin (decom- posed feldspar) with silica and iron. Hon. Delos Arnold was spending the winter of 1880-81 in Pasadena, and boarding at Col. Banbury's. The Colonel was then working at carpentry, and was using a piece of this native chalk for his chalk-line. This attracted Mr. Arnold's attention, as a matter of geological interest ; and one day while driving along the adobe road he picked up a piece of the chalky rock that had been washed down from the ledge, and on separating it into flakes discovered the fossil imprint of a small fish. He then followed up the wash-gully to the parent ledge, and there found more specimens. The exact place of this fossil bed was only known to five or six persons until July 9, 1895, when a party of twenty-six Chautauquans spent several hours there, and succeeded in finding ten or twelve specimens of the fossil fish, varying from one-half inch to two inches long, besides fossil leaves and bud scales, and a beech nut, and wing cases of water beetles ; also some specimens of dendrites.+
* Hon. J DeBarth Shorb tells me that he saw this stuff, and that it was not coal at all, in the com- mon understanding of the term, but small erratic beds of asphalt, compressed to a hard, dry, brittle condition almost like the best of true coal. And judging from all the conditions of the surrounding country, I think Mr. Shorb is probably right about it.
tThe Daily Star of July 10, 1895, said : "A geological fishing excursion, with a picnic attachment. * * At half-past eight o'clock yesterday morning the start was made from Fair Oaks avenue and Colo- rado street-seven buggies and two " bikes," with Dr. Reid as guide. The following persons constituted the party : Mrs. O. W. Stanton, president of the Delphi circle, and members, Prof. A. L. Hamilton, Mrs. M. A. Wakefield, Misses Cora and Nettie Underwood, Miss Aeta Udell, Miss Blanche Allin. W. N. Van Nuys, president of the Marengo circle; and members, Mrs. Van Nuys, J. W. Sedwick and wife, Prof. Charles M. Parker, A. B. Stevens, Miss Jennette Tower, Miss Rosa Allin, Mrs. Mary M. Smith, Mrs. Anna H. Johnson, Miss Blanche Johnson, Dr. A. B. Royal, Geo. W. Burman. Visitors, Mrs. A. M. Royal, the doctor's mother and his son Harry ; Miss May Alliu, Roy Gray and Will Gray. Among their equip- ments for work were hammers, hatchets, a grubbing hoe, a railroad shovel, a putty knife, a cold chisel, a dirk knife, a case kuife, three jackknives, a framing chisel, a geological hammer, and several hair pins."
552
HISTORY OF PASADENA.
THE OIL QUESTION .- In March, 1865, the Los Angeles Pioneer Oil Co., leased for a term of twenty-five years the exclusive right to operate oil works on the Rancho San Pasqual. The shale formation in the Arroyo banks at foot of Columbia street and thereabouts were then supposed to be of oil-bearing character. But the company never bored a well. See page 76 ; also 464, where the Southern Oil Co. is mentioned. This new Pasa- dena Company put up a derrick and went to work. I requested them to preserve a record of formations passed through, and let me have it for my chapter on Geology. They kindly did so, and here is the record of their second well, up to September 23, when this chapter went to press :
GEOLOGICAL SECTION OF OIL BORINGS ON SOUTH PASADENA HILL. FT. DEEP.
Limestone and adobe.
100
At 176 feet, water, about the level of old San Gabriel road. Adobe.
200
Black shale. Adobe.
300 At 350 feet, Iridium, or hornblende ; 18 in., very hard ; took 4 days to to drill through it. Sand, very fine.
400 Shale, black. At 450 feet, water again. Shale, dark blue.
500
Shale. Sand and coal strata.
600 Limestone. At 665 feet, water again. Close sand.
700 At 725 feet natural gas. Sulphurous gas and water.
800
Sand. Natural gas.
900
Carboniferous shale. Sand.
1000
Edwin Baker and J. F. Barcus, two reputable old settlers, inform me that in 1887-88 a Mr. Roberts had a spring in the Arroyo bank at junction of West Columbia street with Arroyo Drive, which at certain times of year tasted and smelled so strongly of oil that the family could not use it. But the spring is now abandoned and filled up, Mr. Roberts having removed to Los Angeles.
Geo. W. Glover, Jr., editor of the South Pasadenan, informs me that gas bubbles and a petroleous odor have sometimes been noticed at a point between Mr. Moody's house on the Arroyo bank and the site of the old adobe or Garfias ranch house.
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DIVISION EIGHT -. SCIENCE.
F. M. Underwood, a well-known mine prospecter of Pasadena, claims that he found outcrops of shale formation at sundry points west-by-north from Pasadena, which showed that the shale beds at Columbia Hill were part of a continuous stratum of oliferous shales extending from the oil wells of Newhall and Saugus in a line southeastward to those of Puente.
GLACIER ACTION IN PASADENALAND.
When I learned of the circumstances and conditions under which stone implements were found deeply buried in Reservoir Hill, in February, 1874, as described in the chapter on " Prehistoric Man in Pasadena," it became necessary to seek a geological explanation of the case ; and for this purpose there were two resources-earthquake phenomena and glacial phenomena. No writer to my knowledge had at that time supposed or suggested that the glacial epoch of geology had extended its Pacific coast ice mantle as far south as Los Angeles .* But when I began to study the Reservoir-Hill problem in that light, I soon discerned that Pasadenaland had been the scene of a series of terrace lakes, which were a feature of the glacial period ; and thus our ancient stone relics came to be reckoned as cotemporary with glacial phenomena in thisvalley, notwithstanding previous opinions that no glacier work had occurred so far south. My conclusion on this point was first publicly announced in an address before the Pasadena Fortnightly Club, February 27, 1894. There was present in the audience Mr. J. B. French, who had formerly been a working member of the Western Reserve His- torical Society at Cleveland, Ohio, and associated therein with Prof. Geo. Frederick Wright, who stands preeminent as an authority on glaciology. Mr. French had himself done some field work on this line in Ohio, and was much interested in my discoveries here at Pasadena, for he had previously noticed what looked like "glacial till ;" but being under constraint of the common doctrine that glaciers did not reach so far down the coast, he had said nothing about it. He now mentioned the matter to me, and we there- after took many trips together in search of glacier footprints, finding them numerous and well defined at many points within a radius of three to five miles from Pasadena's business center.
In connection with this matter I recalled that in 1885 [July 15, see foot- note, p. 418] I had noticed at Devil's Gate some very singular markings on large rocks or boulders there-had pointed them out to friends at the time, and tried to explain them by some theory of an ancient waterfall, with sand, gravel and cobblestones washing over and wearing those peculiar marks on the rocks. Any suggestion of glacier marks would have been rank geological heresy at that time, and it did not occur to me ; but now,
* " Prior to the autumn of 1871. the glaciers of the Sierra were unknown. In October of that year I discovered the Black Mountain glacier, between two peaks of the Merced group, *
* not expecting to find any active glaciers so far south in the land of sunshine."-John Muir, " Mountains of California," p. 28. Mr. Muir reports 65 glaciers still existing in California that he has himself seen, at elevations from 9,500 feet to 11,000 and 12,000 feet.
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HISTORY OF PASADENA.
1894, I bethought me that there the glacier had left a memorial record in its own handwriting, indelible on the granitic syenite rocks, which could not be gainsaid ; with Mr. French I went and reexamined them carefully ; and as an eventual historic outcome of this conclusion I here quote an article from the Los Angeles Daily Journal of Sept. 13, 1894 :
THE MARKINGS AT DEVIL'S GATE.
PASADENA, CAL., June 2, 1894.
By invitation of Dr. H. A. Reid we have examined what he claims are "glacial scratches' on the rocks at Devil's Gate. They consist of some eight or nine examples of peculiarly polished marks on the surface of hard granite rocks-some of them being striations or little grooves in parallel lines, and others more like patches of polished chisel work, but all appar- ently made by a power moving from north to south, which it seems would have been the most natural line of motion of a glacier at this point. We are not expert geologists or glacialists, but have some knowledge of the subject in connection with other branches of natural science ; and we do not know of any other natural cause which could have produced these par- ticular marks in the place, and on the kind of rock surfaces, and in the relative positions of alignment, as we found them.
Signed :
A. J. MCCLATCHIE, [Professor in charge of biology department in Throop Polytechnic Institute.]*
J. D. GAYLORD, [Formerly principal of High School in Brooklyn, Conn., and of Academy at Ashford, Conn .; twenty-two years a teacher ; constant reader of science periodicals, etc.]
J. B. FRENCH, [Formerly treasurer and librarian of the Western Reserve Historical Society at Cleveland, Ohio, co-member and worker with Dr. Geo. Frederick Wright, the foremost authority on glacial phenomena now living.]
GEO. CONANT, [For twelve years principal of incorporated academies in Western New York, and seventeen years principal of city schools in Ohio.] THOMAS NELMES, [Member of Science Association of Southern Cali- fornia.]
DELOS ARNOLD, [Special student in paleontology ; has gathered and classified the finest collection of fossil shells, crinoids, etc., in the State.]
FRANK J. POLLEY, [Professor of history and accounts in Throop Poly- technic Institute; a zealous and working member of the Los Angeles County Historical Society.]
JOSEPH GRINNELL, [Special student in entomology and ornithology ; has made a large and valuable collection, especially of native birds.]
CHARLES V. TEBBETTS, [Formerly professor in William Penn College, Oskaloosa, Iowa, and principal of Pasadena High School, 1889-90.]
WM. H. KNIGHT, [President of Southern California Science Association, 1894; honorary member Cincinnati Society of Natural History ; contributor to various scientific publications.]
For twelve months longer I pursued this investigation, and can now re-
*I have added in brackets after each name a statement of their relation to scientific studies or in- terests which explains why I invited them to this particular investigation
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port more specifically upon it. There are three distinct varieties of geologi- cal waymarks among these exposed and weather-worn rocks on the north- east postern of the narrow gorge known as "Devil's Gate," to-wit : slick- ensides, glacial enamelings,* and water carving.
Slickensides .- "Polished and scratched or striated rock-surfaces, ex- hibited on the opposed faces of veins or faults, or occasionally between lay- ers of stratified rocks where they have moved one upon another."-Stan- dard Dictionary, 1895.
These marks were probably made when these rocks were first upheaved from their original bed at the bottom of the ocean, and pressed against each other so hard as to produce a glaze-film by the heat of friction ; but they could possibly have been made by earthquake movement at a later period ; and these particular ones could also have been made by glacier movement, because they lie in a horizontal position and not vertical or at some angle of elevation, as slickensides usually do. This fact of their horizontal position, and of close association here with other marks certainly of glacial origin, and of their alignment with the most probable course of the glacial move- ment at this point, led me at first to class them as "glacial scratches" or striations, as spoken of in the above document. But Mr. Ossian Guthrie, an expert glacialist of Chicago, examined them with me early in February, 1895, and pronounced them unquestionably "slickensides," notwithstand- ing their unorthodox position ; and I concurred in that as perhaps the greater probability. ;
Glacial Enamelings .- These are the marks " like patches of polished chisel work " spoken of in the June 2d document. They are not "scratches" in the ordinary sense, nor striations, but rather gougings, with a thin shell of glassy-like glazing on the surface, which were produced by a friction so great as to generate heat enough to melt or vitrify the surface of the rock at points of heaviest contact. The glaze-film or enamel would of course be harder than the body of the rock, and thus preserve their character-other- wise they would have been worn away by water or weather long ago; and in fact there are many spots discernible where flakes of the enamel have cracked and peeled off. These marks are on the surface of what is appar- ently an obtruding head of tilted and fractured bedrock that stands partly in contact with the slickensides rocks. It lies in the line of right-oblique movement which would naturally have been produced by a glacier moving
glaciers. * * *"I noticed in many places, as we approached Lake Tenaya, the polishings and scorings of ancient It is wonderful that in granite so decomposable these old glacial surfaces should remain as fresh as the day they were left by the glacier. But if ever the polished surface scales off, then the dis- integration proceeds as usual. The destruction of these surfaces by scaling is in fact continually going on. '-Prof. Joseph LeConte, in Overland Monthly, Nov., 1885; page 501.
What Prof. LeConte calls " polishings," I have called " enamelings," because this latter term better expresses their distinctive character as glazed surfaces-entirely different from any water-worn or sand- scoured smoothness.
+Three or four months later, Capt. D. M. Greene, late of U. S. Army, discovered there one series of slickenside striations which had another series crossing them diagonally. And this second grooving may have been produced either by glacier or by earthquake movement.
1
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HISTORY OF PASADENA.
down the Canyada valley, and meeting a lesser one from the Arroyo valley at their point of junction. And I have not seen, nor heard, nor read of, nor been able to suggest any other movements in nature which could have done this particular piece of work. Just why there is not more of it here I cannot say ; but I believe a great deal more of it once existed, and was cracked, peeled, disintegrated, worn and washed away by the action of the elements in after time, these being only a few specimens which chanced to remain to tell the story ; for as Prof. LeConte says, "The destruction of these surfaces by scaling is in fact continually going on."
Water Carvings. - There are several smoothly worn troughs or chutes and other peculiar shapings which were produced by the scouring action of sand, gravel, cobble-stones, etc., carried along by running water. The most conspicuous and well-marked specimen of this class is the turban rock, in shape and position something like a small Moorish dome-and now so ruthlessly daubed over with advertisements that a good photo of it can- not be obtained without its being marred by the impertinence of paint. When this particular job of water-carving was done, the outlet of a moun- tain footlake in the Canyada and Arroyo above flowed here, at the eleva- tion marked by these fluvial mementos on the rocks ; but the stream has since worn its channel to a bed fifty or sixty feet deeper down. In my researches of months and years among our mountain canyons, I have ob- served scores of cases of the water carving work, for it is still going on every year ; but I have not yet found examples of either slickensides or glacial enamelings except those at Devil's Gate. The geological indications are that there was a great pre-glacial river sweeping down from Tejunga, Canyada and the Arroyo southeasterly across Pasadenaland to the San Gabriel river, with Rubio, Eaton, Santa Anita, and many lesser canyons as feeders from the mountain slopes. During the period of the great lava flows in North California and beyond, there were intense meteorological disturb- ances, with torrential floods more powerful and destructive than anything known within man's historic period ; and it was in this age of surface changes that our ancient river bed became filled up many hundreds of feet deep with boulders, cobblestones, coarse sand and gravel, swept down from the disintegrating mountain fractures by oft-repeated cloudbursts and terrific storms. But in the closing of the glacial period the action was of a more steady, gradual and gentle type. The yearly increase of ice and impacted snow was piled up in the shaded mountain gorges, with dust, breccia, boulders, sand, clay-everything that was shed by the mountain peaks, ridges, slopes, ledges and gorges, being incorporated promiscuously with the accumulating ice and yearly snow-pack. This vast body of congealed water, with its varied burden of solid materials within its bulk and on its surface, moved slowly down the outlets, it may have been an inch a day, or a foot in a
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