USA > California > San Benito County > History of San Benito County, California : with illustrations descriptive of its scenery, farms, residences, public buildings, factories, hotels, business houses, schools, churches, and mines : with biographical sketches of prominent citizens > Part 14
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1875
.3,413,669
1876.
2.652,461
1876.
.. 2,490,633
1877
4,115,554
1877
.4,029,253
1878
1,864,644
1878.
.1,765,304
1879.
3,839,180
1879.
3,867,955
1880.
2.891,660
1880
.2,591,545
BARLEY AND OATE.
BARLEY.
OATS.
Aggregate
100,500,000
OWNERSHIP AND CULTIVATION OF LAND.
From various official sources we have compiled the subjoined table, showing the total area, the area sold by the Government ( that is, held by private ownership ), the area enclosed, and the area cultivated, in every county of the State-all in square miles. The figures are not exact, nor is it possible to make them so from any official records now in existence. The area "sold " is that treated as subject to taxation in the several counties, and the areas enclosed and cultivated are reported annually in the Assessor's reports.
In some cases, considerable quantities of land have been dis- posed of by the Federal Government, but in such a manner that they are not subject to taxation. Thus, the Southern Pa- cific Railroad Company has built 150 miles of its road in San Diego county, and is entitled to twenty square miles of land as subsidy for each mile of the road, making a total of 3,000 square miles; but this land has not yet been conveyed by patent. and nobody is authorized to say precisely, which section will pass under the grant. The total areas, as given in the following table, are taken from calculations made by J. H. Wilde, Esy.
1858
6,721
65,076
69,682
22,953
1859
326,973
1861
293,074
58.294
11,789
1862
364,423
83,568
21,619
1864
346,654
6,662
1866
720,077
36,578
1876
115,128
39,065,754
Private grants surveyed to June 30, 1879.
40,707
Pueblo Lands.
626,060
707,156
34,188
4,675
55,268
in centals.
وبر مجة سيـ
ـتق T
ـاط
RESIDENCE AND FARM OF CHARLES STRAUBE, NEAR HOLLISTER, SAN BENITO CO. CAL.
RANCH AND RESIDENCE OF L.M.LADO NEAR HOLLISTER, SAN BENITO CO. CAL.
69
SIZE AND WEALTHI OF EACH OF THE COUNTIES.
DIAGRAM SHOWING COMPARATIVE SIZE OF COUNTIES.
NAME.
ARE.L.
CULTIVATED,
SOLD. 1,50 )
$1.131.010
San Luis Obispo.
3,160
Prepared for Elliott & Moore's County History.
Arranged iu square miles, cach square represents 50 square miles land. Each black square represents 50 square miles cultivated, fractions omitted.
Each dotted . square represents 50 square miles sold bat not cultivated. Each open square represents 50 square miles unsold land, not assessed.
The areas in the table are not exact. The cultivated and assessed land and valuations are from Assessor's reports, About one twenty-fourth of the State is cultivated, and about one fourth belongs to individuals.
NAME.
ARKA.
CULTIVATED,
SOLD. 3SQ
$ 5,616,553
Sun Maten,
450
90
450
6,157,210
Marin.
575
25
490
7.868,917
Sutter.
576
325
576
3,906,203
Yuba.
600
00
300
1,268,250
Amador.
700
45
200
2,724,449
ʻ
756
150
700
7,720,292
Contra Costa.
· . . | . .... . . . ]
105
650
37,452,230
Alameda.
800
.. ........ ..
800
190
790
8,671,022
Tulare.
5,500
150
1,000
4,601,250
Napa.
1
11
1
Sierra.
830
4
140
751,005
5,852
10
110
072.401
Calaveras.
98G
35
320
1.829,865
Lake. 975
30
200
1,213,084
San Benito. 1,000
55
4S0
3,774,603
Los Angeles.
6,000
170
2,200
16,160,988
[٠١٠١٠١٠ ٠١٠١٠١٠ ٠١٠١٠١٠١٠١٠١٠١٠١٠٠١٠١٠٠١٠١٠١ ١٠١٠١٠١٠ ٠١٠١٠١٠١٠١٠
1,02G 170
990
18,578,385
Sacramento.
. ...... .. . . .... . .
1,050 80 500
6,821,306
Nevada.
..... . . . .
Yolo. 1.150 215
850
9,916,597 Modoe.
7,380
40
250
1,239,152
Santa Clara. 1.336
350
850
23,628,845
San Joaquin. 1,350
475 1,350
18,678,594
Kern.
8,000
40
2,000
4.IS5,997
Stanislaus.
1,350
590
1,220
6,031,988
Ventura.
1,380
78
700
2,857,383 .
Placer.
1,380
150
5,832,925
Fresno.
8,750
110
2,500
6,055,062
Sonoma.
1.100
310
1,200
15,178,121
1 .................. ....... . ... . . . . . ..
Mariposa.
1 .- 1-40
8
30)
I,299,950 1
Del Norte.
750 10,665,097 San Diego.
15,156
28
3,161,177
Butte. 1.458
.
12
100 898,610
Trinity. 1,800
1,572 20 330 2,331,350 El Dorado.
1,950 290 J.619,611 Tuolumne. 86
23.472 85
700
2,601,321
Merced.
............... . . . .
Humboldt.
2,000
... . .. . ...
.. .. ......
435 1,800 12.516,212
Colusn.
2.736
10 200 1,926,15₺
Plumas.
-
300 750 4,192,548 2,800
Tehamn.
ʻ
1
48
300 2,651,367
3.040
1 Siskiyon.
1
Monterey.
3,300
300
1.150
7,185, 185
Santa Barbara.
3.540
90
1,300
1,470,829
.
Mendocino.
3,816
95
1.100
5 508,650
1
Mono.
4,180
10
SO
1.691.770
.
Shasta,
4,500
53
1,800
1,003,320
Lassen.
4,942
40
320
1,213,18-4
1
Solano.
40
350
7.873,926
Santa Cruz.
433
35
VALUATION. Real ny l Personal.
Total.
164,031
6,941
41,350
$578,830,214
By way of comparison, on same scale, to show the vast size of California, wo represent the State of Rhode Island. 1,306 square miles,
-
. ·
. ... .. . . .. . . .
1.440
80
695,S50
370
1,500 5,712,657 San Bernardino.
1,975
480
45 1,100 5,355,028
2.376
.
.... . .. .
-
Inyo.
.....
70
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND PRODUCTIONS.
SIZE OF CALIFORNIA.
Its extreme length, north-west and south-east, is about seven hundred and seventy miles, and greatest breadth three hundred and thirty miles, embracing every variety of elimate in the known world. It has an area of one hundred and sixty-four thousand nine hundred and eighty-one square miles, or one hundred million nine hundred and forty-seven thousand eight hundred and forty acres, of which eighty-nine million aeres are suited to some kind of profitable busbandry.
California is four times greater in area than Cuba. It will make four States as large as New York, which has a population of nearly five million. It will make five States the size of Kentucky, which has a population of one million three hundred and twenty-one thousand. It will make twenty-four States the size of Massachusetts, having a population of one million five hundred thousand. It has an area one hundred aud forty- four times as great as Rhode Island. It is four-fifths the size of Austria, and nearly as large as France, each having a pop- ulation of thirty-six million. It is nearly twice the size of Italy, with twenty-seven million inhabitants, and it is one and one-balf times greater than Great Britain and Ireland, having a population of thirty-two million.
California needs population-she is susceptible of sustaining millions where she now bas thousands.
With industry, economy, sobriety, and honesty of purpose, no man in this State, with rare exceptions, will fail of sueeess in the ordinary pursuits of life.
BAYS, HARBORS AND ISLANDS.
California has a sca-coast extending the whole length of the State, amounting, following the indentations, to somewhat over seven hundred miles. The principal bays and harbors, begin- ning on the south, are San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, Monterey, San Francisco, Tomales, Bodega, and Hum- boldt.
San Francisco bay, the most eapacious and best, protected harbor on the western coast of North America, is nearly fifty miles long (ineluding its extension, San Pablo bay,) and about nine miles wide. The entrance to the bay is through a strait about five miles long and a mile wide, and is named Chryso- pylæ, or Golden Gate.
A FEW LAKES.
There are few lakes worthy of mention in California. The largest is Tulare, in the southern part of the State, whiel is very shoal. It is about thirty-three miles long by twenty-two wide, though in the wet season it covers a inneh larger area. Owen's Kern, and Buena Vista are much smaller lakes, in the same vicinity.
Donner Lake and Lake Taboe are small bodies of water mueh visited by tourists, lying near the eastern border of the State.
Lake Mono, fourteen miles long from east to west and nine miles wide, lies in Mono county, east of the Sierra Nevada. The water, being saturated with various mineral substances, the chief of which are salt, lime, borax, and carbonate of soda, is intensely bitter and saliue, and of such high speeifie gravity that the human body floats in it very lightly. No living thing except the larva of a small fly and a small crustacean, inhabits this lake, which is sometimes called the Dead Sea of California.
The other lakes are: Clear, in Lake county, in the western part of the State, about ten miles long; and Klamatb and Goose lakes, lying partly in Oregon.
WHEAT THE STAPLE PRODUCTION.
Prior to 1864, no very marked results were reached in farm- ing in California, the export of agricultural products with the exception of wool, not having been such as to attract atten- tion abroad. And owing to the drought that prevailed in 1863 and 1864, California bad but little grain or other farm produce to spare, flour having been to some extent imported. The large extent, undoubted fertility, and known capabilities of the lands of the San Joaquin, Sacramento and Salinas valleys give assurance that Agriculture will become the predominant inter- est of its people.
The principal staples wbich the soil and climate of these val- leys favor are tbe eereal grains. Wild oats are indigenous to the country, and on lands allowed to run wild, will run out other small grains, but are cultivated only as a forage plant, whieb, eut while green, makes an excellent hay. Barley also thrives well, and in a green state, is often eut for hay. But the great staple, from being "the staff of life," and the ease of cultivation over other products in this elimate, is wheat. In a moderately rainy season it is capable of perfeeting its growth before the heats of summer have evaporated the moisture from the roots, and a erop is nearly sure of being muade. No disease, rust, or inseet harms the grain, although smut was in early days very prevalent, but by proper treatment has uearly disap- peared. There has always been a good demaud for the surplus erop of this ecreal, in the mines and for export, and its enltiva- tion has been profitable.
Cotton cultivation has been experimented upon in Fresno county, and in the Tulare Basin, where the yield has averaged five hundred pounds to the aere of a fine textile fibre.
Next to the cultivation of cereals, the vine engrosses the minds of California agrienlturists more than any other produc- tion, the product of her vineyards finding favor in all parts of the worldl.
Many of our subseribers are directly interested in producing wheat, and the following table giving the tlnetuations of the market will be found of great value for reference.
TABLE SHOWING VARIATIONS IN PRICE OF WHEAT.
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT
SHOWING THE
Fluctuation of Prices in the San Francisco Wheat Market, PER CENTAL.
According to the monthly average quotations for Good Shipping Wheat. From June, 1864, to June, 1879. Each column showing the price of each year's crop. (Compiled for the Illustrated History by A. MONTPELLIER, Cashier Granger's Bank.)
1873-1874-1875-1876-
1877- 78
79
MONTHS.
1864-1865- 65 GG
67
68
69
70
1870- 71
1871-1872- 72 73
74
75
76
77
$ etg.
$ cts.
$ cts.
$ cts.
$ Lts
ctg
$ cts.
$ rls.
$ cts.
8 ctg.
8 cts.
cta.
$ cts.
8 ets.
$ cts.
1 723
1 65
2 45
1 75
Highest
3 05
4 75
1 65
1 90
2 05
1 80
1 55
1 65
2 25
1 60
1 70
1 65
1 65
Lowest
2 60
1 90
2 821 3 321 1 561 1 -782 1 973 1 671 1 813 2 371 1 771 1 783 1 75
( Average.
1 523|2 373|1 70
3 523 1 90
( Highest. Lowest.
3 15
1 70
1 932 1 4822 261 1 664
JULY . . . . . .
13 3321 80
{ Average.
( Highest.
3 55
1 85
1 50 2 00 2 05
1 09
1 90
1 7712 30
Lowest.
2 25
1 7741 464 1 911 1 93: 1 721 1 8322 3611 561 2 114 1 5812 233 1 481 2 221 1 70
2 373 1 77}
3 85
2 00
1 55
1 50
12 15 12 00
1 55 1 50
2 25 1 674
SEPTEMBER .-
Highest Lowest ..
3 50
1 85
1 35
2 05
1 85
1 623 1 824 2 40 1 55 2 20
2 224 1 921 1 70 1 873 2 532 1 5822 263 1 523 2 071 1 52 2 31} 1 721
1 75
1 7232 35
1 60
2 05
1 70
2 40
1 573 2 25
1 67}
OCTOBER . . .
Highest Lowest. { Average.
3 85
12 00
1 55
2 3731 90
1 60
1 60
12 023 2 70
11 65
2 224 1 50
1 871 1 6222 111 2 7611 7142 201 1 532 1 932 1 8742 30 1 70
2 52f 1 75
{ Highest
3 50
2 15
DECEMBER .. { Lowest.
3 8712 20
¿ Average.
2 1231 65 1 55
1 90
2 10
2 10
1 65
Highest. Lowest
4 75 4 25
2 40
1 85
2 95
2 124 1 75
1 783 2 821 2 05 1 7212 3312 3311 971 2 064 1 60
1 9322 1742 221 1 682
JANUARY. . .
4 50
2 25
Average.
1 923 2 10 1 65 1 80 1 924 1 55
1 95 1 85 1 90
2 10
2 121 1 72}
Highest .. Lowest.
4 75
2 20
FEBRUARY ..
4 873
2 30
1 75
Average.
1 70
1 874 2 00
1 70
1 974 2 15
2 00
1 60
5 00
1 65
5 00
1 95
1 70
2 55
1 632 1 923 2 10
1 95
MARCH ..
Highest. Lowest. Average.
5 00
2 073 1 7822 80
4 88 1 821 2 071 2 433 1 621 1 681 2 774 1 924 1 832 1 90
1 67}
1 95
1 80
1 714 2 811 1 921 1 873 1 873 1 731 1 7212 723 1 91} 1 623
1 821 1 573
2 20
1 60
1 774 3 10 1 974 1 90
1 65 2 524 1 9011 85
( Highest. Lowest.
.
MAY.
..
Average.
. .
3 673 1 923 1 45
( Average.
. 4 371 2 121 1 873 2 521 2 023 1 75
1 921 2 673 1 623 2 2711 521 2 00
1 961 1 671 2 011 2 7331 671 2 311 1 562 2 021 1 6322 31} 1 714
2 371 1 75
Highest Lowest.
3 50
2 00
1 723 2 473 1 80
NOVEMBER .. .
3 933 2 072 1 8332 50
( Average.
1 973 2 32} 1 573 1 973 2 25
2 25
1 95
2 75
2 10 1 70
1 321 2 75
2 60
1 80
2 224 1 524 1 90
1 933
1 974 2 25
2 35
1 72}
2 421 2 05
5 45
2 221 2 25
1 90
2 00
2 10
1 723 2 70
1 823 2 95
1 972 1 75
2 421 2 30
5 00
2 40
1 8612 014 1 60
2 361 2 15
2 883 1 8611 70
1 7212 523 2 10
2 20
1 873 3 05
1 75
1 672 1 621 2 371 1 921 1 77 1 90
3 00
1 971 1 8741 95
1 75
1 923 2 50
2 05
1 65
2 723 1 673 1 75
5 00
1 95
2 15
1 723 1 873 2 323 1 974 1 614
4 7711 70
2 00
2 15
1
574 1 6232 55
1 871 1 80
1 85
1 674 1 823 2 15
1 90
1 573
APRIL . . . ..
Highest. Lowest .. Average ..
1 773 1 771 3 00
2 00
4 75 1 75 2 05 4 621 1 623 1 873 2 074 1 55
4 682 1 6311 963 2 132 1 57
2 0322 032 1 67}
1 673 2 823 1 75 1 65
5 30
2 00
1 573 2 00
2 00
1 873 1 75
2 22+ 1 65
4 37}
2 15
1 95
2 521 1 95
1 65
2 20
2 823|1 773 2 30
11 65
2 323 1 52+ 2 30
1 75
2 421 1 623 2 30
1 50 1 921 1 52}2 15
AUGUST.
( Average.
12 90
1 55 1 821 2 021 1 821 1 971 2 35 1 65 |1 923|1 70 1 474 1 70 1 80 |1 673 1 80 2 224 1 523 1 70 1 60
2 15
1 721 1 45 2 15 1 62}
1 45 2 15 1 65
1 70 1 423 1 821 1 8211 65
2 40 2 00
1 771 1 923 2 673 1 621 2 323 1 55
2 1042 80
4 113 2 063 1 7142 45
1 882 2 614 2 03 1 661 2 211 2 671 1 882 2 271 1 55
2 0212 30 1 65
4 25
2 1312 3611 70
1 823 2 473 1 971 1 623 > 10
1 9731 70
1 9712 50
1 95
1 874 1 85
1 5212 124 1 62}
1 471 1 674 1 90
1 681 1 5822 2831 681
JUNE. . . . ..
1 514 1 75} 1 914 1 75 1 8812 2811 582 1 714 1 65
1878-
1866-1867-1868-1869-
1 573 1 873 2 05
1 90
1 973 1 95 1 623
1 711 1 6712 45 2 0111 8231 95
1 70 1 6742 45
7.2
STREAMS, NATURAL WONDERS AND FORESTS.
NAVIGABLE STREAMS.
The Sacramento is about three hundred and seventy miles long, and is navigable for large steamboats at all seasons to Sacramento, ninety miles from its mouth, or one hundred and twenty miles from San Francisco, and for smaller craft to Red Bluff, one hundred an fifty or two hundred miles above Sac- ramento.
The San Joaquin, about three hundred and fifty miles long, is navigable for ordinary steamers to Stockton, and for small craft during the rainy season to the mouth of the Tulare slough, abont one hundred and fifty miles. The Calaveras, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, and Merced empty into the San Joaquin. Tule and swamp lands line the banks of the river. The soil is rich and needs only to be protected against high waters, to equal any in the State for production. The tules are a sort of. tall rush, and in early times, fires swept over them as on a prairie. The effect is faintly indicated in our engraving.
NATURAL WONDERS.
Among the many remarkable natural curiosities of California is the valley of the Yo Semite, fully described in a separate article.
The Geysers are also remarkable natural phenomena. There is a collection of hot sulphur springs, more than three hundred in number, covering about two hundred acres, in a deep gorge, in the north-east part of Sonoma county. They are abont seventeen hundred feet above the sea, and are. surrounded by mountains from three thousand to four thousandl feet high. Hot and cold; quiet and boiling springs are found within a few fect of each other.
There are five natural bridges in California.' The largest is on a small creek emptying into the Hay fork of Trinity river. It is eighty feet long. with its top oue hundred and seventy Teet above the water. In Siskiyon county there are two, about thirty feet apart, ninety feet long; and there are two more on Coyote creek, in Tuolumne county, the larger two hundred and eighty-five feet long.
The most noted caves are the Alabaster cave in Placer county, containing two chambers, the larger two hundred feet long by one hundred 'wide; and the Bower cave in Mariposa county, having a chainber about one hundred feet square, reached by an entrance seventy feet long.
The most recently discovered of the great natural wonders of the State is the petrified forest, about seventy-five miles north of San Francisco, the existence of which was first made public in 1870.
Portions of nearly one hundred distinct trees of great size, prostrate and scattered over a tract three or four miles in extent, were found, some on the surface and others projecting from the mountain side.
TIMBER FORESTS.
California is noted for its large forests of excellent timber, and for trees of mammoth size. The sides of the Sierra Nevada, to the height of two thousand five hundred feet, are covered with oaks, manzanita and nut pine; and above this, to a height of eight thousand feet, with dense forests of pine, fir, cypress, hemlock, and other coniferous trees.
Dense forests of redwood exist on the coast north of latitude thirty-seven degrees. This timber is used for fence posts, rail- road ties, and furnishe's lumber for all building purposes. It answers the same for house material in California as Wisconsin and Michigan pine does in the Mississippi valley. There is a large amount of timber of the various species named in the mountains and valleys in the northern part of the State, from the Sierra Nevada range to the occan.
White and live oak abound in large quantities on the west slope of the Coast Range, and in the intervening valleys south of latitude 37°, in the counties of Monterey, San Luis Obispo, and Santa Barbara. This wood is chiefly used for fuel, and is of little value for building or fencing purposes.
A great part of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, the Colorado basin, the east slope of the Coast mountains, and the Coast Range south of Point Conception, are treeless.
THE REDWOOD TREES.
The redwood, bearing a strong resemblance to the mammoth frequently grows to a height of three hundred feet, and a diam- eter of fifteen feet.
The sugar pine is a large tree, and one of the most graceful of the evergreens. It grows about two hundred feet high and twelve feet in diameter. This wood grows in the Sierra Nevada, is free-splitting, and valuable for timber. The yellow pine and white cedar are all large trees, growing more than two hundred feet high and six or eight feet in diameter.
The story is told of two men who were engaged in the cut- ting of one of these immense trees into logs, with a cross-cut saw. After they had sawed themselves out of sight of each other, one of them became impressed with the belief that the saw was not running as easily as it ought, when he erawled on the top of the tree to remonstrate with his partner, whom he discovered to be fast asleep.
The visitor to California has not seen it all until he has spent a week in the deep recesses of a redwood forest, It is then, standing beside the towering monarch of the forest, that a man will realize his utter insignificance, and how inestimably ephem- eral he is compared with many other of God's handiworks. He looks upon a tree that. stood when Christ was yet in his youth, the circles of whose growth but mark the cycles of time almost since the first man was, and on whose tablets might have been written the records of the mighty men of okt.
POST OFFICE
EMMET POST OFFICE, RESIDENCE OF G.W.TOWLE, SAN BENITO CO. CAL
CINNABAR POST OFFICE AND
RES-OF C.Y.HAMMONO, SAN BENITO CO.CALL
सालसाEZe
RESIDENCE AND FARM OF S.F. WATSON, TRES PINOS. SAN RENI O CO. CAL.
ROME RANCH RES. OF LUIGI RAIS " FAR SAN JUAN, SAN BENITO. W.A.
73
HARVESTING SCENES IN CALIFORNIA.
A Harvesting Scene in the San Joaquin Valley, California.
A CALIFORNIA harvest field is a scene of rare activity, and a strange and interesting sight especially to persons directly from the East where a header is unknown. The following descrip- tion will, therefore, interest them, although to a farmer of the San Joaquin valley it is a common affair :-
A space has been cleared by the headers, in the center of a mighty field of yellow, waving grain; a field so vast that its area may be more readily computed in square miles than square acres. To this spot has been drawn what appears at first sight to be au old-fashioned locomotive, but which is, in reality, a steam-boiler upon wheels. In front of this stands the engineer with a fork, stuffing waste straw (the only fuel used) into the voracious fire-box, under which a tank of water catches the sparks, and serves as a guard against fire. A tight-box water wagon supplies water from a distant spring, or well, and this, being speedily transformed to steam, causes a large driving wheel to revolve rapidly.
The "Separator " (Eastern "Threshing Machine " ) stands some thirty feet away, connected with the revolving wheel of the engine by a long belt.
HOW HEADERS ARE MANAGED.
The reapers are pushed, each by eight, twelve, or twenty- four horses, according to the size and width of swath cut, har- nessed behind, and cach accompanied by its consort wagon, upon the quivering mass of bearded grain. These reapers are a practical illustration of "the cart before the horse," the machine going first and the team following, pushing instead of pulling.
Last of all, the driver rides upon the tongue, behind his horses, his haud upon a lever, and his eye upon the grain, that he may raise or lower the scythe, according to its height, and thus secure all the heads. The revolution of the wheels causes the reel to revolve, and also shuffles the scythe, while an endless belt carries the severed heads (each with its six or twelve inches of straw attached) up a slanting gangway, and into the attendant wagon.
THE HEADER WAGON.
This wagon, having a box very high on one side, and very low on the other, looks as though the builder had started out to erect a mammoth packing-case on wheels, but had run out of material after finishing the bottom, hoth ends, and one side.
Each wagon is manned by two persons, one to drive, being very careful to keep close alongside the reaper, the other, armed with a fork, to pack the heads away, as they fly into the
wagon (over the low side of the box) from the gangway of the reaper. A very few minutes serve to fill the wagon, when the full wagon drives away to the separator, and an empty one takes its place, to be filled as was the former. .
At the separator there are generally two wagons being unloaded at the same time, one on each side. Two men, with forks, piteh the wheat upon a platform, some six or cight fect high, while four others, from the platform, feed it to the sepa- rator. If regularly fed, a steady, satisfied rumble attests the fact, but the quick ear of the manager dleteets on the instant any complaint from his mechanical pet, and he chides his men accordingly.
At the far end of the machine, a eloud of threshed straw and chaff, settling upon the ground, is draggedl away by a team of horses (wearing canvas hoods to protect their eyes) attached to a twelve-foot wooden shovel.
At the side, protected from the dust and chaff hy a canvas awning, a steady stream of clean, ripe grain is received into new sacks by one man, while another deftly stitches up the mouth of each, as filled, and with marvelous celerity carries it out and deposits it upon a fast inereasing pile. Auon, these are loadled upon immense double wagons carrying from six to nine tons, and are hauled by teams of eight to sixteen horses (all guided by a single line) to the great warehouse of the pro- prietor, there to be stored till shipment.
Yet even in this apparently simple matter of storage, system must be followed, and every sack must be laid so as to break joints with its fellows, or a leak in some of the lower tiers may cause the pile to totter and fall, wrecking not only the ware- house, but also a goodly slice from the ample fortune of their enterprising owner.
HOW LABORERS ARE TREATED.
Far away stands the white camp of the harvesters, where at carly dawn they breakfasterl. No eigbt-hour system has yet abbreviated the day, nor prolonged the night amid these mount- ain solitudes. "Snn to sun" is the golden rule, and as the lurid orb peeps o'er the eastern hills, all hands are stirring for day's contest. In some cases a cooking car is used for the hands, and, heing on wheels, is moved ahout from place to placc. It is a kitchen on wheels, and as neat as any house- wife's ordinary kitchen, and' is probably twice as convenient; for the size is ample, having a long center table, capable of accommodating twenty men; the range is a fine one of the latest improved pattern. The car is one of the prominent fca- tures of the outfit, and is admirably arranged for the comfort of the crew, giving them a cool and comfortable place to eat in; no flies to bother them, hut a breeze to fan them while they eat.
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