USA > Georgia > A standard history of Georgia and Georgians > Part 4
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St. Patrick, Parish of, 234
St. Patrick's Church, Augusta, 3150 St. Paul, Parish of, 234
St. Paul's Church, Augusta, 117
St. Philip, Parish of, 234 St. Simons Island fortified, 113
St. Thomas, Parish of, 234
Saline, Right Honorable, 128
Sallette, Robert, Adventures of, 1435 Salmon, Jabus Z., 2470
Salzburgers, 94, 97, 103, 309, 632
Sand Bar Ferry, 503
Sanders, Billingron M., 637
Sanders, B. MeCarter, 2610
Sandwich, Mathew H., 2670
Sanford, Daniel B., 2948
Sanford, J. W. A., 559
Sanford, Shelton P., 639, 2618 Satterfield, Joseph M., 2641
Savannah, 75, 87, 91, 93, 111, 525, 1780, 1781, 1801, 1802; derivation of word. 71; siege of. 303; evacuated (Civil war), 785; captured, 1438
Savannah county, 164
Savannah, Ogeechee and Altamaha
Canal, 1781, 1782
Savannah's Revolutionary monuments. 319
Savannah Steamship Company, 494 Sawyer, Benjamin F., 2638
Saxon, Edmond F., 2618
Scarboro, Frank, 2899
Scarborough, William, 1782
Schermerhorn Treaty, 574
Schley county, 716, 1260
Schley, William, 573, 2689
School for the industrial education of colored youth, 970 Scomp, H. A., 596 Scott College (Agnes), 3240
Scott, Francis, 80, 100
Scott, Henry F., 1895
Scott, Hugh M., 1968
Scott, John B., 391
Scott, William J., 1761
Scott, Winfield, 576
Screven county, 317, 1260
Screven, James, 178, 271, 315, 316, 499, 3210
.
Sereven, James P., 2618 Screven, T. F., 316 Seagrove, James, 353
Seal of Georgia, 1455
Searcy, William E. H., 1989
Seay, John J., 2192 Seckinger, Rowland B., 2582
Second Cleveland administration, 983 See of Savannah, 694 Semmes, Paul J., 2810
Senators, Georgia's first United States, 135
Senatus Academicus, 417 Seney, George I., 646, 918
Sequoya, 555. 596, 600 Sequoya (portrait), 597 Sequoyan Cherokee, 600 Sessions, Moultrie M., 3103 Sessoms, John G., 2717 Seward, W. H., 807 Sewing machine inventor, 679 Seymour, James, 119 Shamblin, Arthur C., 2183 Shattuck, James P., 2115
Shaw, Walter B., 2893 Sheftall, Mordecai, 311, 321 Shellhorse, Evan O., 2195
Shellman Heights, 1273 Sherman, Romance of March, 1273 Sherwood, Adiel, 636, 638, 1430, 2625 Shipp, Bernard, 18 Shope, Theron S., 2077 Short, Willlam B., 2905 Shorter, Alfred, 918, 2697 Shorter College, 918 Sibley, Jennie H., 3226
Sibley, Samuel H., 3221 Sikes, W. L., 2997 Silk industry, 172
Silver Bluff (Cutifachiqui), 22
Simmons, Daniel W., 2630
Simmons, John D., 2051
Simmons, Thomas J., 2968
Simmons, T. J., 1728
Simms, James P., 2843 Simpson, James Y., 669
Sims, J. Marion, 669
Sims, Walter A., 1922
Sinclair, Carrie Bell, 1761
Sisk, James T., 2660
Skelton, J. Rod, 2548
Skelton, James H., 2409 Slack, Henry R., 2511 Slaton, John M., 1096, 1110, 1117, 1118, 1125, 1128, 1129, 1132, 1147, 1159, 1163, 1168, 1176, 3114
Slaveholding and non-slaveholding
families, 675
Slavery as an economic system, 677
Sloper Tything, 84
Sloper. William, 53, 57
Smelt, Dennis, 2518
Smith, Alwyn M., 2497
Smith, Bridges, 2676
Smith, Burton, 2627
Smith, Charles H. ("Bill Arp"), 1416, 1761, 2987 Smith, Charles W., 2163
Smith, Ernest M., 2595
Smith, Frances Gordon, 1074
Smith, George C., 423
Smith, George G., 641, 1761
Smith, Gov. James M., 868, 871, 877, 883, 939, 951, 2867
Smith, Hoke, 99, 1061, 1064, 1066, 1074. 1077, 1084, 1086, 1097, 1109, 1111, 1115, 1116, 1146, 1153, 1155, 1156, 3202
Smith, Hugh, 119
Smith, James F., 2866
Smith, James H., 2000
Smith, James M., 2927
Smith, J. Hartridge, 2309
Smith, John, 270
Smith, Marion, 1927
Smith, Marvin R., 2952
Smith, Peter Francisco: The Old-Time Slave, 1626 Smith, P. R., 403
Smith, R. D., 2915
Smith, Rufus W., 2495
Smith, Samuel, 53, 215
Smith, Shelby, 2196
Smith, Sheldon P., 2358
Smith, William D., 2888
Smith, William P. C., 2361
Smyrna Church, 422
Snelling, Charles M., 2632
Social conditions, 430
Solomons, Purla S., 321
"Song of the Georgian," 1773
Sorrel, G. Moxley, 2889
Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Co., 1803 Southern Cherokees, 555
Southern Commercial Congress, 1110
Southern, Cross of Honor, 1264
Southern Industries, 1634
South and the Race Problem, 1718
South Georgia Agricultural, Industrial and Normal College, 1056
South in the Spanish American War (Griggs), 1695 Spalding county, 696, 1260
Spalding. Thomas, 696, 2634
Spangenberg, Gottlieb, 424
Spanish-American war, 1006, 1007
Spanish invasion of Georgia, 148, 156
Spanish settlements harassed, 144
Sparks, Charles W., 2364 Sparks, William H., 1765
Speer, Emory, 158, 3114: The New Amer- ica, 1632; On the Life and Character of Joseph E. Brown, 1654
Speer, William J., 1154
Spencer, J. W., 958
Springer, John, 422
Stacy, James, 179, 399, 421, 680
Stacy, John, 179
Stacy, John W., 179
Stallings, William L., 3078
Stallworth, B. M., 2619 Stamp Act, 263 Stamp act affects Georgia, 249
Standard Publishing Co., 2289 Stanley, Harris M., 1779, 3313 Stanley, Robert H., 3056 Stanley, Vivian L., 3314
INDEX
Stanton, Frank L., 1412, 1762, 1768 Stanton, George, 2769
Stanton, Valentine L., 2885
Stapleton, Raymonde, 2817
Stark, Buell, 2243
Starnes, Ebenezer, 698 Stars and Stripes (Hill), 1715 State aid to railroads (act repealed). 874, 889 State arsenal seized, 746
State Banks, 1798
State Board of Health, 1040, 1822
State College of Agriculture, 1071, 1820 State College of Agriculture and Me- chanic Arts, 1056 State Constitution of 1868, 829, 835, 836 State Democratic conventions (1883), 929: (1884), 932; (1888), 952; 1890, 967: (1892), 975; (1896), 997; (1900), 1026; (1904), 1045: (1906), 1063; (1908), 1091; (1910), 1108; (1912), 1127, 1129; (1914), 1155; (1916), 1208, 1213
State department of agriculture, 874 State entomologist, 1005
Exposition,
State Exhibit at Omaha 1014 State Farm, 1086
State Finances, 1798
State geologist, 875, 958
State Guards and Reserves, 775
State Guards and Reserves (Civil war), 760 State Highway Commission, 1204
State House scandal, 845
State militia, 1041
State militia bill, 1030
State militia laws, 1052
State militia system, 1070
State Normal School at Athens, 971 State Rights Party, 571
State School Book Commission, 1040 State seal, 412
State senatorial districts, 696
State system of free schools, 850, 863
State tax rate, 1799
Steamship Savannah in foreign trade, 1782
Steed, Walter E., 2941 Stephens, 156
Stephens, Abel, 130
Stephens, Alexander H., 749, 868, 873, 919, 925, 926, 985, 1322, 1715, 1762, 1903: anecdotes of, 1323; arrest of, 1326; death of, 928; dramatic debut of, 1321; in opposition to secession, 1496; last days of, 1459
Stephens, Alexander H. (portrait), 747 Stephen's Anti-secession Speech, 1496
Stephens county, 1050, 1260
Stephens, Linton, 401, 2995
Stephens, Linton (portrait), 721
Stephens, Luther P., 3123
Stephens, Robert G., 1900
Stephens, Thomas, 166, 167
Stephens, William, 164, 165, 172, 1762
Stephens, William B., 2332
Stephenson, Alexander H., Eulogy on. 1556
Stevens, William, 328, 334
Stevens, William B., 10, 18, 67, 157, 1762
Stevenson, Adlai E., 996
Stevenson, M. F., 563, 1294
Stewart county, 317, 560, 1034, 1260
Stewart, Daniel, 178, 316, 560
Stewart. Joseph S., 2935
Stewart-Sereven Monument, 314
Stewart, Walter K., 3254
Stiles, William A., 1765
Stiles, William H., 2634 Stith, William, 328
Stocks, Thomas, 2642 Stone, Alonzo C., 2207
Stone, John J., 3235
Stone Mountain memorial, 1201
Stone quarries, 1791
Story, John J., 2999
Stothart, James A., 2806
Stovall. Marcellus A., 3001
Stovall, Pleasant A., 76, 3121
Strange, Henry B., 2285
Strickland, John J., 2726
Strickler, Cyrus W., 2444 Stuart, Henry L., 667 Stubbs, Edgar A., 2715 Stubbs, Manning J., 2612 Stubbs, Roy D., 2868
Sugar Cane Production, 1811 Sullivan, Florence, 353 Summer, Charles, 1563 Summerall, James 1., 2988
Summers, Joseph, 173
Sumter county, 560, 1260
Sumter County Volunteers, 688
Sumter, Thomas, 560
Supreme Court judges, 1006 Sutton, I. Homer, 2479
Sweat, J. L., 2662
Sweetwater Branch, 616
Swilling, Samuel B., 2856 Symes, George, 79
T
Tablet on the Greene Monument (view), 1031 Tablet to Gen. Leonidas Polk (view), 778
Taft, William H., 1094, 1095, 1110
Tailfer, Patrick, 138
Tait, Charles, 2643
Talbot county. 551, 1260
Talbot, John, 327, 422, 431
Talbot, Matthew, 495, 521, 549
Taliaferro, Benjamin, 355, 405, 502, 1382, 2653
Taliaferro county, 532, 1261
Talmage, Samuel K., 2659
Tallassee Strip, 242
Tankersley, James S., 2388
Tankersley, N. L., 2389
Tariff debate, 569
Tassel, George, 558 Tate, Farish C., 3121
Tate, Howard, 2680
Tattnall county, 415, 1261
Tattnall, Josiah, 252, 254, 405, 415, 3229 Tax equalization act, 1133
Taylor county, 698, 1261
Taylor, Lloyd B., 2838
Taylor, Samuel E., 1896
Taylor, William, 660
Taylor, Zachary, 698 Teal, Charles B., 2869
Telephone Exchanges, 1803
Telephone Stations, 1803
Telfair county, 454, 1261
Telfair, Edward, 269, 270, 275, 335, 455. 3229
Telfair, Thomas, 2519 Telfair's administration, 362
Temperature, 1809, 1823
Tennessee Company, 390
Terminus, 651, 1783
Terrell county, 703, 1261
Terrell, James R., 2719
Terrell, John H., 3294
Terrell, Joseph M., 1046, 1049, 1055, 1059, 1410, 1858 Terrell, Henry W., 1860
Terrell, W. W., 401
Terrell, William, 703, 2689
Terrell, William H., 1202, 2629
"There's Millions in it!", 1294
Thomas, Bryan M., 1984
Thomas, Charles L. C., 2900
Thomas, Charles S., 3230 Thomas county, 532, 1261
Thomas, Edward L., 2750
Thomas, George C., 2298
Thomas, Jett, 452, 2696
Thomas, Ransom J., 2778
Thomas, W. H., 604
Thompson, James M., 1762
Thompson, John A., 2622
Thompson, William C., 3144
Thompson, William T., 1762, 3277
Thompson, Wylie, 2526
Thomson, J. Edgar, 1783 Thomson, William D., 2211
Thomson, William S., 2210
Thornton, Albert E., 3038
Thornton, Charles J., 2376
Thornton, Leila A., 3039
Thornton, McAlpin, 2540
Thorpe, Benjamin F., 638
Thou Art a Scholar, Speak to It, Ho- ratio, 1731 Thrasher, John, 652
Thunderbolt, 91, 92 Thurman, Albert S., 3103
Ticknor, Francis O., 1763
Ticknor, Frank O., 1279
Tift county, 1050, 1261
Tift, Henry H., 2907 Tift, Maurice W., 3210 Tift, Nelson, 2909 Tilson, William J., 2556 Timrod, Henry. 1762 Tipton, W. C., 2936 Tison, William W., 2951 Titanic tragedy, 1118
xxi
INDEX
Toalli, 20 Tobacco, 38, 1811 Tomo-chi-chi, 72, 84, 87, 89, 90, 101, 102, 115, 134, 141
Tondee, Peter. 278
Tondee's Tavern, 277
Toombs county, 1051, 1261
Toombs, Gabriel, 377
Toombs, Robert, 749, 790, 820, 837, 866, 887. 937, 938, 1313, 1314. 1319, 1328, 1512, 1570, 1660, 1763. 1908; The Im- passioned Mirabeau, 1312
Toombs, Uncle Billy refuses his free- dom, 1318 Tower, Thomas, 53, 57, 215
Tower Tything, 83
Towns county, 703, 1261
Towns. George W., 579, 703, 2716
Townsend, William T., 2273
Tragedy of the swamp, 631
Trammell, Leander N., 2771
Trammell, Paul B., 1154, 1918
Trans-Oconee Republic, 379
Transportation facilities, 1804 Travis, Robert J., 2231
Traynham, William L., 2259
Trespassing on the Cherokee lands, 557 Treutlen, John A., 301. 306, 310
Trials and Sorrows Necessary to Hu- man Life, 1729 Tribble, Joseph M., 2974
Tribble, Samuel J., 3121
Tribute to Julian Hartridge, 1733
Trippe. Robert P., 2764
Trotter, B. R., 2803
Troup county, 548, 1261
Troup, George M .. 486, 527. 529, 533, 539, 550, 555. 571, 697, 702, 703, 1377, 1379, 1380, 1733 Troup, R. L., 1380
Troup's. Gov., Old Home Place, "Val- dosta" (view), 528
Troutman, Joanna E., 592, 593, 594, 595 Truax, Florence T., 1905
Truax, Herbert E., 1905
Tuck, Reuben M., 2205
Tucker, Henry H., 1763, 2988
Tuggle, William T., 2492
Turner county, 1051. 1262
Turner, Henry G., 3248
Turner, Henry M., 840
Turner, J. E., 3096
Turner, Robert C., 2532
Turner, William D., 3148
Twelfth Regiment of Georgia Volun- teers, 749
Twiggs county, 1262
Twiggs, Daniel E., 2728
Twiggs, David E., 271
Twiggs, Hansford D. D., 271, 1727, 2940 Twiggs, John, 271, 338, 3237
Twitty, Frank E., 2844
Tybee, 277
Tybee Island, 114 Tybee Island lighthouse, 277
Tye. John L., 2027
Tyler, Bert A., 2081 Tyler, George R .. 2611 Tyrconnel, Lord Viscount, 57 Tyrconnel Tything, 82
Tyson, Charles M., 2801 Tyson, John S., 2801
Uncle Remus memorial, 1141 Uncle Remus Memorial Home (view), 1138
Uncle Remus: The Story of His Rise to Fame, 1421 Uncle Tom's Cabin, 679
Underwood, F. L., 2335
Underwood, John W. H., 1292, 3256; an- ecdotes of, 1372
Underwood, William H., Anecdotes of, 1369
Uniform test-books, 1040
Union county, 567, 1262 Union Passenger depot, Atlanta, 1029 United Confederate Veterans, 956
ITnited States Senators, 1234
University of Georgia, 416, 419, 1056
University of Georgia Library, 3035 Upper Mississippi Company, 390 Upson county, 532, 1262 Upson. Stephen, 2722
Ustutli, 618
V
Valdosta, 1803 Van Allen, Peter, 512
Vance, James I., 1145 Vandiver, John M., 2476 Van Epps, Howard, 1728 Vann, David, 104 Van Osten, Thomas D., 2352
Varner House, 541; (view), 538
Vaughan, Charles J., 2152
Vaughn, Rowland B., 2990
Veach, Henry M., 2095
Venahle, James M., 668
Venable, Samuel H., 1202
Venable, William H., 1202
Vernon, James, 53, 57, 211
Vernon Tything, 84
Verrazano, 8 Villa Rica, 552
Vinson, Carl, 1157. 3128
Vinson, George A., 1992
Virginia campaign (Civil war). 775
Vogelsang, Ernst H., 2381
Wachendorff, Charles J., 3065
Wachendorff, Edward A., 3065
Wade. Peyton L., 2024
Waddell. J. D., 1765
Waddell, Moses, 493, 2708
Wadley. William M., 2750
Wahl. Frederick, 2294
Waldhauer, Jacob C., 2728
Waldrep, James P .. 2569
Walker, Clifford. 1154. 2957
Walker county, 567. 1262
Walker, Freeman, 487, 524, 567, 2722
Walker. John D., 3311
Walker. John R., 3129
Walker, John S .. 2954
Walker, N. F., 477
Walker, Robert B., 2012
Walker, William H. T., 2764
Walton county, 1262
Walton. George, 261, 269, 270, 274, 282, 302. 306. 328, 335. 353, 405. 452
Walton, Home of Governor, 299
Walton, John, 251, 301, 328
War for Texan independence, 588
War Governor, Anecdotes of, 1350
War Hill, 288
War of 1812, 460
Ward, John E., 238. 2736
Ward. John H., 2942
Wardlaw, Joseph C., 2164
Ware county. 532. 1262
Ware. Nicholas, 526
Waring, Antonio J., 2842
Waring. T. Pinckney, 2782
Warlick, W. C., 2387
Warner, Hiram, 572, 684, 698, 2881
Warners' Narrow Escape, 1425
Warren county, 402, 532, 1262
Warren, J. C., 669
Warren, Joseph, 402
Warren, Lott, 2526
Warthen, George D., 2730
Washington. 318
Washington county, 1262
Washington Light Artillery of Augus- ta. 763
Washington's reception (1791), 362
Water powers, 1789. 1835
Watkins Digest, 501
Watkins, Edgar, 1978
Watkins, Robert, 500, 501
Watson, Charles, 173
Watson, Douglas, 523
Watson, Thomas E .. 1190, 1728, 1731, 1763, 3061: The Old Southern Home, 1628: Strong Drink, 1727
Waycross, 1803
Wayne, Anthony, 272, 334, 359, 3249
Wayne county, 1262
Wayne, Henry C., 2771
Wayne, James M., 580, 2743
Weatherby, Joseph G., 3127
Weaver, James D., 2822
Weaver. James L., 2217
Wehb. Henry D., 3162
Webster county. 703. 1263
Weed, Henry D., 2336
Weed, Jacob, 353
Welch, Carl B., 2969
Wellborn, A. R., 638
Wells. George, 306
Wells. Horace, 669 Wendell. Henry T., 2759
Wereat, John, 306, 328. 352, 353
Wesley, Charles, 110, 120, 121, 123
Wesley, John, 110, 120, 121, 123. 133: Quits Savannah: His Love Affair, 1444 Wesley Oak (view), 122
xxii
INDEX
Wesleyan Female College, 644, 645; Presidents, 645 West, Anecdote of Senator William S., 1458
West, H. S., 2293 West, John T., 2697
Western and Atlantic Railroad, 654, 820, 864, 959, 984, 1029, 1098, 1124, 1164, 1204. 1206, 1782
Western lands ceded to Federal gov- ernment, 396
Westmoreland, George, 1885
Westmoreland, Thomas P., 2960
Westmoreland, Willis F., 2780
What the South Asks, 1719
Wheat production, 1809
Wheeler, Alonzo C., 2473
Wheeler county, 1120, 1263
Wheeler, Joseph, 786, 1006, 1008, 1015, 1120
Where President Davis was Arrested (view), 797
Where Two Governors Have Lived: An Historic Home, 1450
Whitaker, James R., 2065
White Company, J. G., 1790
White county, 716, 1263
White, George, 1765, 2736
White, Henry A., 9
White, John, 57, 308
White, John: Hero of the Great Ogee- chee, 1443
White, John E., 1410, 3271
Whitefield county, 696, 1263
Whitefield, George, 125, 127, 129, 130, 133, 177, 696
Whitehead Memorial Hospital, 935
Whitley. Daniel W. M., 3158
Whitney, Eli, 372, 411, 707, 1780
Whiteside, George W., 2664
"Who is Joe Brown," 1347
"Who Struck Billy Patterson," 1447
Wilcox county, 716, 1263
Wilcox, Mark, 3019
Wilde, Richard H., 524, 526, 580, 1764, 2584
Wilder, Mrs. J. J., 160, 1105
Wiley, W. E., 2762
Wilkes county, 532, 1263
Wilkes Manufacturing Company, 458 Wilkes, Sam W., 2220
Wilkinson, 450
Wilkinson county, 450, 1263
Wilkinson, James, 450
Wilkinson, Mell R., 3049
Willet, J. E., 639
Williams, Cranston, 3022
Williams, Eb. T., 514
Williams, Emmett M., 2208
Williams, F. E., 2939
Williams, G. W., 1069
Williams, J. J., 3089
Williams, James C., 3115
Williams, John S., 1146
Williams, Mrs. Charles J., 822
Yoakum, Henderson, 590
Young, Annie R., 2468
Young, Floyd M., 2467
Young, George W., 2347
Young, Hugh, 184
Young, Otis, 2378
Young, P. M. B., 933
Young, Thomas, 80
Wilmington Tything, 82 Wilson, Adelaide, 124
Wilson Administration, 1216
Wilson, Angusta Jane (nee Evans), 1764
Wilson, Claudius C., 2810
Wilson, Eugene H., 2441
Wilson, Harry M., 2710
Wilson, John S., 1764
Wilson, Mrs. Woodrow, 178
Wilson, President Woodrow, 1103, 1110,
1120, 1162; averts great railroad strike, 1213; endorsed by 1916 Demo- cratic State convention, 1215; Inci- dent in His Career as a Lawyer, 1292 Wilson, Walter S., 2882 Wilson's cavalry raid (Civil war), 787
Winn, James C., 592 Winn, William T., 1931
Winship, Charles R., 2262
Winship, Elizabeth T., 1868
Winship, George, 1866
Wirt, William, 557
Wirz Trial, 1536
Wise, James W., 2593
Wofford, William T., 2817
Wolff, Bernard, 1982
Wolz, J., 1103
Woman's Bill, 691
Wood, Harland J., 2088
Wood, Henry M., 1875
Wood, Jesse M., 1874
Wood, Joseph, 335
Wood, Mirabeau L., 2970
Wood, Orlando S., 3098
Wood, Wiley A., 2693
Woodward, Lucius L., 2938
Woodward, Park, 2457 Woody, William W., 2686
Woofter, Thomas J., 3129
Woolfork murders, 950
Woolfork, Richard F., 950
Word, Frank, 2509
Word, Robert M., 2509
Worley, Joseph W., 2661
Wormsloe, 69
Worrell, Claude, 2992
Worth county, 698, 1263
Wright, A. R., 2178
Wright, Maj. Gen. Ambrose R., 270, 1897
Wright, Ambrose R., 2733
Wright, Arrest of Governor, 1437
Wright, James, 241, 245
Wright, Moses, 1743, 2181
Wright, Robert, 157
Wright, Seaborn, 1726
Wright, William A., 1154
Wright, William C., 2506
Wrightsboro, 256
Wynne, Bobbie, 3170
Wynne, W. M., 3169
Yahoola Creek, 618
Yahula, 617
Yancey, Hamilton, 2643
Yancey, William L., 402, 707, 1764
Yates, W. S., 959
Yazoo Act, Burning the (view), 393
Yazoo land frauds, 390, 395, 398
Yeates, W. S., 563
Williamson, J. R., 1358
Williamson, Micajah, 2591
Williamson, William W., 2344
Willingham Prohibition Bill, 1025
Willis, Francis, 359, 502
Wills, Thomas J., 2775
Z
Zellars, Thomas M., 2741
Ziegler, Solomon W., 2658
Zipperer, Thomas E., 2581 Zouberbuhler, Bartholemw, 77. 178 Zubly, John J., 231, 270, 280, 335
SECTION I
THE COLONIAL PERIOD OR GEORGIA UNDER THE ENGLISH CROWN, 1732-1775
Vol. I-1
Georgia and Georgians
CHAPTER I
GEORGIA ORIGINALLY A PART OF FLORIDA-AFTERWARDS INCLUDED IN SOUTH CAROLINA-OUTSTANDING FACTS OF GEORGIA'S HISTORY- NAMED FOR GEORGE H OF ENGLAND-GEORGIA THE OFFSPRING OF PHILANTHROPY-THE YOUNGEST OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES-THE LAST TO LOWER THE FLAG OF ENGLAND REASONS FOR THIS CON- SERVATISM-WHITEFIELD'S ORPHAN HOME THE OLDEST ORGANIZED CHARITY IN AMERICA-SLAVERY FORBIDDEN-RUM OUTLAWED- REASONS FOR ESTABLISHING A NEW COLONY-TO SATISFY A PRACTICAL AGE, ECONOMIC ARGUMENTS MADE TO RE-ENFORCE HUMANITARIAN ENDS-SOUTH CAROLINA'S NEED OF PROTECTION-ENGLAND'S TRADE EXPANSION-POPULAR INTEREST IN THE COLONY OF GEORGIA UN- PRECEDENTED-OGLETHORPE THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS ENGLISHMAN TO CROSS THE SEA DURING THE PERIOD OF AMERICAN COLONIZATION- THE TRUSTEES-GEORGIA NOT A COLONY OF JAIL-BIRDS-CHOICE IM- MIGRANTS-PREHISTORIC TRADITIONS-COLUMBUS ALMOST IN SIGHT OF GEORGIA WHEN HE DISCOVERED THE NEW WORLD-LANDS ON ONE OF THE BAHAMA ISLANDS-ORIGIN OF THE NAME "AMERICA"-GOV- ERNOR BROWN'S ARGUMENT-HOW ENGLAND'S RIGHT TO COLONIZE THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE WAS ACQUIRED-EARLY EXPLORATIONS- THE HUGUENOT COLONIES-FRENCH NAMES GIVEN TO GEORGIA RIVERS -EARLIEST DESCRIPTION OF OUR SEA-COAST BY RIBAULT-ST. AU- GUSTINE FOUNDED-SPANISH MINING OPERATIONS IN THE CHEROKEE MOUNTAINS-THE PROPRIETORS OF SOUTH CAROLINA THE FIRST OWN- ERS OF GEORGIA SOIL -- SPAIN AND ENGLAND BOTH CLAIM OUR VIRGIN LANDS-SIR ALEXANDER CUMING'S MISSION.
Originally the fair domain embraced in what we know today as Georgia formed a part of the Spaniard's Land of Flowers. It was by the name of Florida that all this region of country, for more than a hundred years, was first known to Europeans. In 1663 Georgia was included in the extensive tract granted by Charles II of England to the Lords Proprietors of Carolina. It was not until 1732-more than fifty years later-that a separate charter for Georgia gave legal con- ception to the youngest of the English colonies. Meanwhile the sublime cantos of Milton's "Paradise Lost" had appeared in print for the first time ; while John Bunyan, in Bedford prison, had dreamed his immortal allegory of the Pilgrim. The War of the Spanish Succession had been fought. The Duke of Marlborough had become the foremost soldier of
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the age; and during this period of transition British allegiance had shifted from the Highland Stuarts to the German House of Brunswick.
It was from George II, of England, a Hanoverian, that the infant colony received its baptismal name. When the proposition to establish Georgia was first launched, the zeal for colonization had commenced to languish. As a money-making investment, the planting of future em- pires in America had failed to satisfy the British love of acquisition, at least in its craving for immediate dividends; and these colonies had come to be regarded in the light of liabilities rather than as assets. But the motive of philanthropy had hitherto been lacking in the colonial enter- prises of England. It was now proposed to found in America an asylum for indigent but honest debtors; and since to the prospect of gain was added this new incentive, appealing to the better nature of Britons, the king was disposed to look with favor upon Oglethorpe's project. More- over, the proposed experiment, while helping to solve a most difficult sociologieal problem, was likely to yield the crown large revennes, in the production of raw silk .*
Thus Georgia came into existence as the youngest of the English colonies in North America. She was also the last, as we shall see later, to lower the colonial flag. This reluctance to espouse the patriotic cause, when such an espousal meant separation from the mother country, exposed Georgia to the criticism of her sister colonies. But she persisted in her loyalty to the Crown of England; and when she did at last sever the tie of allegiance it was only in response to the call of blood from the com- mons of Lexington.
There were manifold reasons for this hesitation on the part of Georgia. She occupied an exposed position on the extreme southern frontier. She needed the protection of the mother country against sav- age Indians on the one hand and against hostile Spaniards on the other; and she stood in greater need of this protection than did any other province of England. Her territory, though vast in extent, was sparsely settled. Immigrants had been slow in swelling her population, after the initial coast settlements were planted; and she had not accumulated wealth like the other colonies, dne in the main to certain ill-advised re- strietions as to slavery, land-tenure and rum, imposed upon her by the trustees. On the other hand, she had never been unduly oppressed by the mother country ; her royal governors had all been men of high char- acter and of benevolent dispositions ; her grievances had all been kindly considered, if not invariably adjusted; and her relations with England had been uniformly of an agreeable nature. Moreover, not a few of the trustees, her earliest sponsors, were still in life, including the great Ogle- thorpe himself. Nor could she forget that it was from the father of the reigning sovereign that not only her charter but also her name had been derived; and this fact in itself bound her with peenliar tenderness to the House of Brunswick. It constituted a sort of filial tie and cansed her to look with a pride akin to reverence upon the crown and scepter of the Georges.
Though the youngest of the colonial group, Georgia, at the fountain- head of her history, planted an institution which survives today as the
* James Ross McCain, "The Executive in Proprietary Georgia," p. 10.
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oldest organized charity in the United States. This institution, nurtured by the great Whitefield, still bears the Biblical name which its founder bestowed upon it in 1736-Bethesda. Like the ancient pool after which it was called, this great institution has been veritably a fount of healing; and, for nearly two centuries, its noble benefactions have testified to the humane spirit in which the colony originated. Most of the English prov- inces were the products of an undiluted commercialism; but the main- spring of Georgia's existence was philanthropy. Conceived in the spirit of reform, she was the first of all the colonies to put a ban upon African slavery and to outlaw rum; and for a period of sixteen years-1733 to 1749-not a drop of rum and not a shackle of servitude was tolerated within her borders.
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