USA > Georgia > Statistics of the state of Georgia : including an account of its natural, civil, and ecclesiastical history ; together with a particular description of each county, notices of the manners and customs of its aboriginal tribes, and a correct map of the state > Part 12
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Charles Pratt, afterwards Lord Chancellor and Earl of Cam- den, was born in 1713, and was descended from an ancient and respectable family that had been settled at Careswell Priory, near Collumpton in Devonshire. His father was an eminent barrister in the reign of William III. and Queen Anne, and in the reign of George I. Lord Chief Justice of England. Af- ter having received his education at Eton and Cambridge, he entered upon the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1738. Many obstacles prevented his rapid advancement. For years he was without a single client, and he was about to aban- don his profession, but was dissuaded from doing so by his friend Lord Northington. Having conducted a case with great abil- ity in one of the western circuits of England, he soon became known, and business crowded upon him. In parliamentary law he was well read, and was a favourite in all cases of political aspect. In July, 1757, through the influence of Mr. Pitt, he was made Attorney General, and soon after was elected to Parliament from the borough of Downton, which he continued to represent until he became Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, which office he took January 23, 1762. Whilst holding this high dignity, the celebrated John Wilkes was com- mitted to prison upon the charge of making severe animadver- sions upon the government, through the columns of a paper call-
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CAMPBELL COUNTY.
ed the "North Briton." By virtue of a writ of Habeas Cor- pus, he was brought into Westminster Hall. Three days were spent in the consideration of his case ; after which Chief Jus- tice Pratt declared the warrant by which Wilkes was appre- hended to be illegal, and ordered him to be discharged. His intrepidity and independence on this occasion made him the idol of the people. Busts and prints of him were sold. A fine portrait of him by Sir Joshua Reynolds was placed in the Guild Hall of the city of London, which city also presented him with the freedom of its corporation in a gold box, and the example was followed by other large towns in the United King- dom. One of the sights which foreigners went to see in Lon- don, was the Great Lord Chief Justice Pratt. In 1765, he was raised to a Peerage. The first speech which he made in the House of Lords was against the bill for taxing the colonies .- We have already alluded to some of his speeches in favour of America. He never ceased to advocate their cause, and sec- onded Lord Chatham in all his efforts to bring about a recon- ciliation between the mother country and the colonies. The Earl of Camden invariably showed himself to be the friend of constitutional liberty, and embraced every opportunity of defending the rights of the people. Upon all the great ques- tions brought before Parliament, he displayed the most pro- found knowledge. In 1766 he was made Keeper of the Seal, and on the 30th of July, 1766, Lord Chancellor, which office he held for three and a half years. In 1782 he was ap- pointed President of the Council, and in 1786 was raised to the Peerage under the title of Viscount Bayham of Bayham Abbey, in the County of Kent, and Earl of Camden. He died the 13th of April, 1794, aged 81 years. His remains were deposited in the Parish Church of Seal, in Kent .*
CAMPBELL.
BOUNDARIES, EXTENT .- This county has Cobb on the N., De Kalb and Fayette E., Coweta and Carroll S., and Carroll W.
* Walpole's Memoirs of George III. ; Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors of England ; Parliamentary Debates.
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CAMPBELL COUNTY.
Laid out in 1828, from Coweta, Carroll, De Kalb, and Fayette. Length 16 miles, breadth 12, square miles 192.
COUNTY TOWN .- Campbellton is the seat of justice. It occupies an elevated position on the southeast side of the Chattahoochee river, distant from Milledgeville 151 miles, from Atlanta 22, from Newnan 25, from Marietta 26, from Fayetteville 20, and from Villa Rica 22. It has a very large court-house, built of brick, far too large for the county; a jail, an hotel, two churches, an academy, &c. Population 175. The water is only tolerable. Amount of goods annually sold is 25,000 dollars. The merchants buy in Charleston and New- York. The town was settled and incorporated in 1829.
Sand Town, is a small village on the Chattahoochee river, two miles from Campbellton.
POST-OFFICES .- Campbellton, Cedar Branch, County Line, Dark Corner, Rivertown, Sand Town, Rasselas.
POPULATION, TAXES, REPRESENTATION .- In 1845, the po- pulation of the county was 4,705 whites, and 1,051 blacks ; total, 5756. Amount of State tax, for 1848, $1,367 73 cts. Sends one representative to the Legislature.
RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS .- Methodists, Baptists, Presby- terians, and Universalists.
EDUCATION .- Education is neglected.
MANUFACTURES, MILLS .- Sweet Water Factory, situated on Sweet Water creek, 16 miles S. of Marietta ; building five stories high, 48 by 120 feet. Designed for 6,000 spindles, 90 looms. Capital, $50,000. Water power good, 23 feet fall. Owners, Gov. McDonald and Col. Rogers. 11 saw-mills, 14 grist-mills, 2 flour-mills, 4 distilleries in the county.
FACE OF THE COUNTRY, NATURE OF THE SOIL .- The face of the country is broken and undulating. The lands on the rivers and creeks have a black and loamy soil, finely adapted to cotton, wheat, and corn. These are valued at $25 per acre. The red lands produce well, valued at $10 per acre. The gray hickory lands are worth from 5 to $10, and pro- duce fine crops of corn.
PRODUCTIONS, AVERAGE PRODUCT PER ACRE .- Cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, &c. Cotton averages 600 pounds per acre, corn 18 bushels, wheat 10 bushels. Three thousand bags of cotton are raised annually.
-
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CAMPBELL COUNTY.
MINERALS .- Gold, iron, quartz, granite, soap-stone, fel- spar, &c.
ANIMALS .- Deer, foxes, rabbits, &c.
AMUSEMENTS .- Hunting, fishing, dancing and horse-racing.
CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE .- The people are industrious and hospitable. Newspapers are well patronized, and a spirit of inquiry has been aroused among the people.
ORIGINAL SETTLERS .- Joseph Beaver, James Black, Thom- as Black, James Davis.
MARKET .- Atlanta is the market for most of the produce.
ROADS AND BRIDGES, FERRIES .- Some of the roads are in fine order, others in a bad condition. The bridges are in good repair. Eleven ferries in the county.
CLIMATE, DISEASES, LONGEVITY .-- The climate is healthy. The diseases are mostly those of an inflammatory nature. The following are the instances of longevity which have come to our knowledge. William Wood, over 80; Hugh Rowan, 80; Mr. Winn, 80; Mr. McClarty, over 80.
NAME .- Col. Duncan G. Campbell, in honour of whom this county is named, was born in North Carolina, on the 17th of February, 1787, received his education at Chapel Hill, and graduated in 1806. He came to Wilkes county in 1807, and studied law with Judge Griffin, and at the same time took charge of a female seminary. The ill health of Judge Griffin rendering it necessary for him to give up the law, Mr. Campbell soon succeeded to his practice. In 1820, 21, 2, 3, he represent- ed Wilkes county in the State Legislature, where he com- manded much respect for his talents and liberality. Whilst a member of the Legislature he introduced a bill for the educa- tion of females, but it met with great opposition and was not passed. In 1823, he was appointed a commissioner to nego- tiate a treaty with the Cherokee Indians for land : he was also a commissioner to form a treaty with the Creek Indians at the Indian Springs. The integrity of Mr. Campbell, together with that of Mr. Merriwether, in the negotiation of the treaty at the Indian Springs, was called into question, and the Legislature of Georgia, at their session in 1825, feeling themselves bound to protect their most worthy and distinguished fellow citizens, passed the following resolution : " That they feel deeply and
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CARROLL COUNTY.
gratefully impressed with the important services of the Hon. Duncan G. Campbell and James Merriwether in obtaining the late cession of lands from the Creek nation of Indians, and that their confidence remains unimpaired in the honour, upright- ness, and integrity of those gentlemen. That the General As- sembly, representing the feelings and wishes of the good citi- zens of this State, do not hesitate in saying, that they conceive that the treaty contains in itself intrinsic evidence of its own fairness, in the liberal and extended provisions which it con- tains for the removal, preservation, and perpetuity of the Creek nation. Such treaty, so beneficial to the United States, the State of Georgia, and the Indians themselves, having been ne- gotiated under circumstances requiring the most devoted zeal, persevering industry and firmness, we pronounce upon the conduct of the commissioners our most cordial approbation, and that a copy thereof be transmitted to each of said commis- sioners, and also a copy to our senators and representa- tives in Congress." Mr. Campbell was of middle height, thick stature, and light complexion. He died on the 31st of July, 1828.
CARROLL.
BOUNDARIES, EXTENT .- This county has Paulding on the north, Campbell and Coweta on the east, Heard on the south, and Alabama on the west. Laid out in 1826, and a part add- ed to Campbell in 1828, and a part to Heard in 1830. Length 26 miles, breadth 22, containing 572 square miles.
RIVERS, CREEKS .- The principal streams are the Chatta- hoochee, and Little Tallapoosa rivers, and Turkey, Yellow Dirt, Whooping and Snake creeks.
POPULATION, TAXES, REPRESENTATION .- In 1845 the pop- ยท ulation was 6,482 whites, 529 blacks. Total, 7,011. Amount of State tax returned for 1848, $1,400 13. Sends one repre- sentative to the Legislature.
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CARROLL COUNTY.
POST OFFICES .- Carrollton, Hickory Level, Laurel Hill, Rotherwood, Tallapoosa, Villa Rica, Burret Stand, Cerro Gordo.
EARLY SETTLERS .- Among the early settlers were Hinche P. Mabry, W. G. Springer, Joseph Chambers, John Robinson, and Giles S. Boggess.
MANUFACTURES, MILLS .- Bowen's factory on Snake creek, ten miles from Carrollton, recently established, five hundred spindles, but calculated for more. One wool card establish- ment near Carrollton. Several mills for pounding gold ore, nine saw-mills, ten grist-mills, one merchant mill, two distil- leries.
RELIGIOUS SECTS, EDUCATION .-- The Methodists and Bap- tists are the most numerous. Near Carrollton are a few Pres- byterians. Sufficient attention is not given to the subject of education.
FACE OF THE COUNTRY, NATURE OF THE SOIL .- Several ridges run through the county. These ridges give origin to many springs. The soil is various. Some of the land is gray, and a large portion is productive red land. On the creeks the lands are fertile. The glades in this county might, under judi- cious management, be rendered productive.
PRODUCTIONS, AVERAGE PRODUCT PER ACRE, VALUE OF LAND .- Corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, &c. The culture of cotton has been but recently commenced, and has proved suc- cessful. The staple is of a superior quality. Fruits, such as apples, pears, plums, and grapes, are very fine. Vegetables succeed well. The product of corn is from four to five bar- rels per acre. Wheat from seven to forty bushels per acre. Cotton about seven hundred pounds per acre. Improved lands are worth from four to five dollars per acre. Wild lands sell low.
TOWNS .- Carrollton is the county seat, situated on an emi- nence upon the waters of Little Tallapoosa, 151 miles north west of Milledgeville, 26 miles from Newnan, 24 from Franklin, 26 from Campbellton, 34 from Van Wert, 46 from Marietta, and 18 from Alabama. It has a court-house, jail, two academies, two hotels, and one church. Population 250. Incorporated in 1829.
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CARROLL COUNTY.
Villa Rica is a pleasant village, situated in the centre of the gold region, on the ridge dividing the waters of the Talla- poosa and Sweet Water Creeks. It has one church, one hotel, two schools, masonic lodge, division of the Sons of Tem- perance. Population 200. Amount of business done in a year exceeds $100,000. It was settled in 1830 by persons interested in the mining operations. It is a healthy village, and the character of the population has much improved. Dis- tant from Carrollton 16 miles northeast, 22 from Campbell- ton, 30 from Marietta, and from Cassville, Rome, Fayetteville, Franklin, Decatur, and Abacoochee Mine, in Alabama, 42 miles.
GOLD MINES, MINERALS .- Gold is abundant, and is said to be finer than any found in Georgia. Near Villa Rica there is an extent of country six miles long and one mile wide, in which there are numerous mines known as the "Carroll Mines." Many of them have proved to be profitable. The amount of gold obtained from these mines cannot be stated with accu- racy. The general average is one pennyweight per hand.
West of Villa Rica 22 miles is a valuable mine, owned by Holland, Bonner, and others.
Bonner's mine, five miles southwest of Carrollton, is also very rich. Some iron is found ; also mica, quartz, granite, &c.
MINERAL SPRINGS .- In Villa Rica there is a spring slightly impregnated with sulphur, and in different parts of the county there are chalybeate springs.
CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE .- In the early settlement of this county, many irregularities were committed ; but the popula- tion at this time, in point of morality and good order, are equal to that of many of the older counties.
CLIMATE, DISEASES .- No country on earth has a more salubrious climate. The diseases are very few.
NAME .- This county is named after Charles Carroll. This venerable man, a signer of the Declaration of American Inde- pendence, was born at Annapolis, Sept. 8, 1737. When very young, he was sent to France to receive his education. He remained there until 1757, when he visited London, and commenced the study of the law. He returned to the United States in 1764, with a mind very highly cultivated.
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CASS COUNTY.
About this period, the respective rights of the colonies occu- pied much of the public attention; and among those who boldly advocated their rights, was Mr. Carroll. In 1776 Mr. Carroll was appointed, in conjunction with four other dis- tinguished gentlemen, to visit Canada, and persuade the in- habitants to unite with the colonies in the cause of liberty ; but various circumstances rendered his mission abortive. Mr. Carroll came to Philadelphia just as Congress was discussing the question of declaring the colonies free and independent. He was in favour of this ; but the delegates from Maryland were instructed to vote against it. Mr. Carroll, hearing this, left Philadelphia immediately for Anna- polis, where the convention was then sitting, and suc- ceeded by his efforts in inducing that body to give their dele- gates instructions to vote for independence. On the same day he was appointed a delegate to Congress. Mr. Carroll had not voted on this subject, not being a member of Congress at. the time the votes were taken. Mr. Hancock asked him if he would sign it. Most willingly, he replied, and immediately affixed his name to that immortal document; upon which one of the members remarked, " There goes half a million at the dash of a pen." Mr. Carroll aided in the formation of the constitution of Maryland in 1776, and continued in Congress until 1778. In the Senate of Maryland he served for several years, and was a member of the United States Senate for a long pe- riod. In 1810 he quitted public life, and passed the remainder of his days in tranquillity. He died at Baltimore, Nov. 14, 1832, in his 96th year.
CASS.
SITUATION, BOUNDARIES .- This county lies partly in the primitive and partly in the transition formation. Bounded N. by Murray, E. by Gilmer and Cherokee, W. by Floyd, S. by Cobb and Paulding. Laid out from Cherokee in 1832.
POST OFFICES .- Cassville, Adairsville, Allatoona, Carters-
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CASS COUNTY.
ville, Free Bridge, Iron Works, Kingston, Oothcaloga, Pine Log, Saliquoy, Stilesborough, Little Prairie, Fair Mount, Cold Run.
POPULATION, TAXES, REPRESENTATION .- The population of this county has increased with amazing rapidity. In 1845, the population was 10,229 whites, 2,295 blacks ; total, 12,524. The next census will undoubtedly show a larger number. Amount of State tax for 1848, $3,414 30 cents. Sends two representatives to the Legislature.
RIVERS AND CREEKS .- The Etowah, Oostenaula, Coose wattee, and Conesauga rivers. Innumerable creeks water the county. Among them are : the Raccoon, Pettis, Euharlee, Pine Log, Salacoa, Two Run, Barnsley, Oothcaloga, and Stamp creek.
NATURE OF THE SOIL .- There is a large quantity of rich land in this county. The red chocolate soil lying along the Etowah river, and in the Oothcaloga valley is mostly preferred. From its growth it is sometimes called "Hickory Sapling land." It is deep, and of a warmer nature than others. Lands of this kind have sold for $30 per acre, and it is doubt- ful whether they can now be purchased for much below this sum. Where the land is worn it answers for cotton very well ; if fresh it forces the plant too much into weed. This description of land produces from 25 to 50 bushels of corn to the acre. Rye, oats, barley, and indeed every thing does well on this soil. There is another class of fertile land, but appa- rently too cold to produce finely, during such short sea- sons as prevail in Cherokee Georgia. These are principally upon Raccoon creek. There is a sort of land of a higher colour than either of the above, preferred by some, but old farmers do not consider it as productive as the chocolate lands. The remaining soils partake of the above qualities, and are reduced in value and fertility according to the quantity of rocks and gravel.
MINERALS .- No part of Georgia is richer in valuable rocks and minerals. A volume would hardly contain what might be said on this subject. Iron ore, equal to any in the world, is abundantly diffused. Fine marble, limestone in any quantity, from which lime is made and sent to different parts of the State, elastic sandstone, amythistine quartz, asbestos, soap-
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CASS COUNTY.
stone, gold, slate, plumbago, lead, copper, manganese, titanium, shale, graphite, tripoli, fluor spar, calcareous spar, sulphate of barytes, chalcedony, and many varieties of flint. He who is fond of mineralogy has in this county a wide field before him.
TOWNS .- Cassville is the seat of justice, having a brick court-house, jail, three churches, Methodist, Baptist, and Presbyterian, two hotels, two schools, seven stores, &c. It is situated on the waters of Two Run creek, two miles from the Atlantic and Western Railroad, 32 from Marietta, 40 from Dalton, and 150 miles northwest of Milledgeville. In the vicinity are several fine springs. Population between 800 and 900. The town was laid out in July, 1833. Mr. Jones built the first house.
Cartersville, on the Atlantic and Western Railroad, two miles from the Etowah river, surrounded by a rich country. Named after Col. F. Carter, of Milledgeville. Considerable business is done here. Population about 150. Four or five stores and hotel.
Kingston, on the Atlantic and Western Railroad. Here the Memphis branch road commences. This place is cele- brated for the excellency of the water. Three stores, three groceries, two blacksmiths, and tavern. Population 100. Named after J. P. King, Esq., of Augusta.
Adairsville, on the Atlantic and Western Railroad, 12 miles from Cassville.
Dawsonville, on the Atlantic and Western Railroad, 5 miles from the Oostenaula river.
New Echota, situated at the confluence of Coosewattee and Connseauga rivers. This was formerly the capital of the Cherokee Nation, and the residence of several celebrated in- fluential Indians. The treaty ceding the Cherokee lands to the United States, was made at this place.
MINERAL SPRINGS. - Rowland's springs, situated about 6 miles from Cartersville, are too well known to need a particu- lar description. They are becoming every season the centre of fashion. Multitudes from every part of the State resort here to partake of the excellent water, as well as the liberal fare of the worthy proprietor. In other parts of the county are many fine springs ; some are impregnated with mineral qualities.
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CASS COUNTY.
FOREST TREES, FRUITS .- Hickory, poplar, pine, black gum, walnut, elm, sycamore, &c. The fruit trees are the peach, apple, pear, quince, apricot. Peaches and grapes are very fine.
FISH .-- Red-horse, catfish, sometimes weighing from 50 to 60 pounds, buffalo, soft-shell turtle, in great abundance. In many places are to be seen the remains of the Indian fish-traps, formed by piling stones in a circle, the upper part being left lower for the purpose of admitting the fish. Muscle shells of exquisite beauty, and of rare species are found in the rivers and creeks.
RELIGIOUS SECTS. - Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and a few Roman Catholics.
EDUCATION .- The people are not indifferent to the cause of education. Exertions are making to establish good schools in every neighbourhood.
CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE .- There is a mixture of all classes in this county, and like every newly settled country, Cass has its full share of immoral citizens. The lands are so fertile that little labour is required to obtain the necessaries of life, and consequently there is a great lack of industry among some classes. Too much time is spent at the grocery. More attention ought to be paid to domestic comforts. Gardens should be attended to, orchards should be planted, and efforts made to render the general appearance of the farm-houses and outbuildings more comfortable. Many of the best and most intelligent people in Georgia and South Carolina have re- moved to this section, and we are happy to state are using their influence in favour of religion and education.
MANUFACTURES, MILLS .- The water power of Cass is im- mense. The streams abound with valuable shoals, and pro- bably there is no part of the State where manufactories can be conducted with greater success. Cooper & Wyley's iron works would do honour to any country. Their establishment is situated four or five miles from Cartersville, in a beautiful and healthy country, giving employment to three or four hundred persons. All kinds of hollow-ware, machinery and gearing are manufactured ; and it ought to be mentioned that Railroad iron, the first made in Georgia, has been manufac-
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CASS COUNTY.
tured at this place for the Georgia Railroad Company, and pro- nounced by able judges to be very superior. Connected with this establishment is a flour-mill four stories high, built of granite, having four run of stones, and can turn out per day 250 barrels of flour. The iron ore is procured about three or four miles from the works.
Allatoona iron works, on the south side of Etowah river, owned by Lother & Stovall.
Earle's iron works on Stamp creek.
MOUNDS .- On the plantation of Capt. Tumblin, on the north side of the Etowah river, is a very remarkable mound, the height of which is 75 feet, and the circumference at the base 1114 feet. A large quantity of pottery and other re- mains of antiquity have been found here, differing very much from those commonly found in other mounds.
ORIGINAL SETTLERS .- Among the early settlers are Mr. McAdams, Mr. Lowrie, Capt. Tumblin, and Mr. Johnson.
NAME .-- Few men now living have rendered more valuable services to their country, than the distinguished gentleman after whom this county received its name. Lewis Cass was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, Oct. 9, 1782, and received his educa- tion at Exeter Academy. He went to Ohio, then the northwest- ern territory, in 1799, and settled in Marietta, where he studied law, and after the usual period was admitted to the bar, and com- menced practice amidst the difficulties and privations of a new country. In 1806 he was elected a member of the Ohio Legisla- ture, and in 1807 was appointed Marshal of Ohio. In 1812 he volunteered under a requisition from the President, and was elected Colonel of one of the regiments of Ohio volunteers. Gen- eral Hull assumed the command of the army of which Cass's regiment made a part, at Dayton, and from thence he marched to Detroit. The incidents of that campaign make a part of the history of the country. Col. Cass was surrendered a prisoner of war with the rest of the army, and returned to Ohio, where after a short time he was released from his parole, and in the spring of 1813 was appointed a Brigadier General in the army of the United States. He served with Gen. Harrison during the whole of his northwestern campaign, and was at the battle of the Thames. In October, 1813, he was appointed Govern-
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CHATHAM COUNTY.
or of the Territory of Michigan, and so continued until 1831 having been seven times nominated, and never having a vote against him in the Senate, nor a memorial against him from the territory over which he was placed. During this period of more than 18 years, he was occupied in the administration of the affairs of the country, and in conducting the extensive Indian relations upon the frontier. Mr. Cass has held 18 treaties with the Indians as a commissioner on the part of the United States, and acquired the cession of many millions of acres of land. In 1831 Gen. Jackson called Gov. Cass to the War Department, where he remained until 1836, at which time he was appointed Minister to France. Here he con- tinued until November, 1842, when he returned to the United States. In February 1845 he was elected amember of the Senate of the United States. This hasty sketch will show that Mr. Cass's life has been an active one. As a writer, he has acquir- ed great reputation. In the 50th and 55th numbers of the North American Review, the reader may have an opportunity of reading two articles on the Indians, which cannot fail to convince him that Mr. Cass is perfect master of his subject. Whatever may be the feelings of party, all will acknowledge that Mr. Cass is a man of whom any country may be justly proud.
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