Statistics of the state of Georgia : including an account of its natural, civil, and ecclesiastical history ; together with a particular description of each county, notices of the manners and customs of its aboriginal tribes, and a correct map of the state, Part 35

Author: White, George, 1802-1887
Publication date: 1849
Publisher: Savannah : W. Thorne Williams
Number of Pages: 720


USA > Georgia > Statistics of the state of Georgia : including an account of its natural, civil, and ecclesiastical history ; together with a particular description of each county, notices of the manners and customs of its aboriginal tribes, and a correct map of the state > Part 35


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McINTOSH COUNTY.


rion, who departed this life on the 27th day of February, 1795, in the 63d year of his age, deeply regretted by his fellow citizens. History will record his worth, and rising generations embalm his memory as one of the most dis- tinguished patriots and heroes of the American Revolution, who elevated his country to honour and independence, and secured to her the blessings of liberty and peace. This tribute of veneration and gratitude is in commemoration of the noble and disinterested virtues of the citizen, and the gallant exploits of the soldier who lived without fear, and died without re- proach.' " *


McINTOSH.


BOUNDARIES, EXTENT .- Bounded N. by Liberty, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Glynn and Wayne, and W. by Liberty and Wayne. Laid out from Liberty, in 1793. Medium length, 40 miles ; medium breadth, 16 miles ; 640 square miles.


POST OFFICES .- Darien, South Newport, Fort Barrington.


POPULATION, TAXES, REPRESENTATION .- In 1845 the popu- lation was 1,261 whites, and 4,369 blacks ; total, 5,630. State tax returned in 1848, $3,124 74. Sends one representative to the Legislature.


RIVERS, CREEKS. - The Alatamaha river is the principal stream. The other streams are Sapelo river, Doctor's and Jones's creeks, &c.


TOWNS, &c .- Darien is the capital, situated on the north bank of the Alatamaha river, 190 miles S. E. of Milledgeville, 60 from Savannah, 30 from Riceborough, 38 from Hinesville, and 12 from Brunswick. It has a court-house, jail, five churches, one hotel, one academy, twelve stores, &c. The town is beautifully shaded with live oaks, some of which are over one hundred years of age. The water is good, but the location of the town is unfavourable to health, being surrounded by swamps. Population 250 whites, and 350 blacks. It was formerly a place of much business, but the construction


* Sims's Life of Marion.


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MCINTOSH COUNTY.


of the Central Railroad has taken much of the produce which used to come to Darien. Situated upon a river which fur- nishes inexhaustible supplies of the best pine lumber in the world, and accessible to ships of heavy burthen, nothing is wanted but perseverance to insure prosperity to the town. Immense quantities of lumber and some turpentine are now brought to Darien. It was settled in 1735, by a colony of Scots, mostly from Inverness and its vicinity. Its former name was New Inverness. History speaks highly of the bravery of the people of Darien at Fort Moosa, three miles from St. Augustine, where a severe battle was fought with the Spaniards in 1740. It is recorded that " the most bloody part of all, fell to the unhappy share of our good people of Da- rien, who almost to a man engaged under the command of their leader, John Moore McIntosh."


Fort Barrington, 12 miles N. W. of Darien, on the Ala- tamaha.


South Newport is north of Darien.


Jonesville is in the northern part of the county.


EARLY SETTLERS .- Rev. John McLeod, Joseph Burgess, Mr. McBain, the McIntoshes, McDonalds, Cuthberts, Clarkes, McCleans, Mackeys, Palmers, and many others.


NATURE OF THE SOIL .- The Alatamaha lands are of inex- haustible fertility, producing large quantities of rice and sugar- cane. The pine lands are valuable for their timber.


MANUFACTURES, MILLS .- Four steam saw-mills. Within a few years past several of the citizens have engaged in the manufacture of turpentine, with considerable success.


ISLANDS. - Sapelo, Wolf, Doboy, Hurd's, Blackbeard, Broughton, Demere, Butler's, Wright's, Patterson's, Little Sapelo, Black, &c.


ANTIQUITIES .- On the west bank of the south channel of the Alatamaha river, opposite Darien, are the remains of an ancient fort or fortification, embracing about an acre of ground, supposed to be the work of the French or Spaniards. In Darien there is a mound, and another one on the Ridge road.


SPRINGS .- Four miles from Darien there is a spring, sup- posed to be impregnated with mineral qualities. At Baisden's Bluff, there is an excellent spring.


ROADS AND BRIDGES .- These are kept in good repair.


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McINTOSH COUNTY.


EDUCATION .- The wealthier classes are highly educated, but generally little interest is felt in the subject of education. Number of poor children, 127; educational fund, $110 12.


CLIMATE, DISEASES, LONGEVITY .- The climate is warm, and unhealthy. The planters are in the habit of retreating, during the summer months, to the pine lands. Numerous instances of longevity are recorded. Mrs. Susannah Ford died in this county at the age of 113 years ; Mr. John Grant, a soldier under Oglethorpe, was nearly 90 at his death ; Mrs. Mary Ann McIntosh died in 1835, aged 100 years ; George White, 81 ; John Calder, 77. Both of these gentlemen were soldiers of the Revolution. Mr. Thomas Spalding, we believe, is the oldest person now living in the county. We cannot permit this opportunity to pass without a tribute to the worth of this distinguished gentleman. Of such a man any country might be proud. He has filled many high offices, and contri- buted much to advance the agriculture and literature of Geor- gia. His residence is on Sapelo Island.


CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE .- Like all parts of lower Geor- gia, the citizens of McIntosh are generally intelligent and hospitable.


RELIGIOUS SECTS. -- Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians, and a few Episcopalians.


VALUE OF TOWN LOTS, &C .- The value of town lots is $43,832. Value of stock in trade, $40,200. Money at inte- rest, $2,850.


NAME .- This county was named to commemorate the ser- vices of the McIntosh family. The McIntoshes were among the earliest settlers of Georgia ; and their name is associated with almost every event in its history, from the arrival of Oglethorpe to the present time. In the war against the Spaniards, in the war of the Revolution, in that of 1812, and in the recent war against Mexico, the McIntoshes acquired great distinction. Major General Lachlan McIntosh, a hero of the Revolution, was born at Borlam, not far from Inverness, in Scotland. His fa- ther, John More McIntosh, with 130 Highlanders, came to Georgia with Oglethorpe, in 1736, and settled upon the Alata- hama, at a place which they called Inverness, now Darien. At this early period, the means of education in Georgia were very limited ; but young McIntosh, blessed with an intelligent


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McINTOSH COUNTY.


mother, and favoured with the friendship of Oglethorpe, was carefully instructed in the ordinary branches of an English edu- cation, together with mathematics and surveying. For some time he resided in Charleston, clerk in the counting-house of Henry Laurens, Esq., but mercantile pursuits not suiting his views, he returned to Georgia, where he remained until the voice of his country summoned him to arms. Mr. McIntosh was called from his retirement, to take command of the first re- giment which Georgia organized ; and when afterwards three regiments were raised, he was appointed Brigadier General. Owing to some unpleasant circumstances resulting from his duel with Mr. Button Gwinnett, he was induced to accept of a command in the central army under Washington .* The west- ern frontiers of the country being the scene of great atrocities, committed by the Indians, it was determined to punish them; and Washington, who entertained a high opinion of his justice and military talents, selected McIntosh to conduct it. With a force of 500 men, he marched to Fort Pitt, and in a short time succeeded in giving repose to the frontiers. In 1779, he received orders to repair to the south, to take command of the Georgia troops at Augusta, and to be in readiness to march to Savannah. In the siege of the latter place he bore an active part, and commanded the 1st and 5th South Carolina regi- ments of militia. After the fall of Savannah, he retreated to Charleston, and was present when that city surrendered to Ge- neral Clinton, on the 12th of May, 1780. He was kept as a prisoner of war for a long period, and never resumed his com- mand. He remained in Virginia until the close of the war, when he returned to Georgia. He died in Savannah, in 1806, in the 79th year of his age.


Lieut. Col. John McIntosh was also a soldier of the Revo- lution, and did much service. He had command of the Fort at Sunbury, when Col. Fuser, of the British army, demanded its surrender ; to which he returned the memorable answer- " Come and take it." At the battle of Brier creek, he displayed a bravery which will always entitle him to the highest rank as a soldier. With Elbert he stood his ground until nearly every man was killed. Upon surrendering his sword, a British offi- cer attempted to kill him, and he was only saved by the timely


* See page 298.


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MCINTOSH COUNTY.


interference of Sir Æneas McIntosh, of the Britis' army. 1814 he was found in the defence of his country He d. in McIntosh county, November 12, 1826.


Col. John S. McIntosh, who lost his life in th late war with Mexico, was born in Liberty county, on the 19th of June, 1787, and was the fourth son of Col. John McIntosh. of revolu- tionary memory. He entered the army in 1812, ar 'eutenant, and was attached to the rifle regiment, in which h' ·rformed severe service in Canada, and on our northern f tier. in May, 1814, a detachment of his regiment, under i command of Major Daniel Appling, was ordered to accompany Captain Woolsey, of the navy, in charge of a number of ! ats, lad. with. supplies for the vessels of war, then recer ly buil. Sackett's Harbour. After leaving Oswego, t. y enter Sandy creek, where they were to be landed, ,rd then ; conveyed overland to their destination. Sir James Ye ;, commanding the lake fleet, ascertaining the parti ilars, des- patched several gun-boats and cutters to capture . lese stores, and the escorts. Accordingly, they entered the cw ", disem- barked a body of marines and seamen near where C nt. Wool- sey was engaged in landing the stores. The small . and of ri- flemen, apprized of the approach of the enemy, conce 'ed them- selves in the woods; the gun-vessels as they approached fired shot into the bushes, to disperse any enemy that'+night be there. As soon as the flotilla and troops got sufficiently near, the rifles poured upon them a destructive fire, and ir few mi- nutes the whole were either killed, wounded, or prisoners, not a man escaping. All the gun-boats fell into their hands. This signal defeat induced the British commander to raise the block- ade immediately, and they disappeared from the har Jour. For his gallantry in this action, the Legislature of Georgia compli- mented McIntosh with a sword. In another conflict with the enemy, in defending the hospitals at Buffalo, he received a se- vere gunshot wound. On his recovery, he married a lady of New-York, and rejoined the army. When hostilities ceased, he was employed in different parts of the country and served with General Jackson throughout the Indian w: and for a considerable time commanded the post at Tampa, Flo- rida. Thence he was removed to Mobile, and after wards


419


McINTOSH COUNTY.


rr the command of Fort Mitchell, in Georgia, during the con- Loversy with the Federal Government, a situation of great de- licacy for a Georgian ; he contrived, however, in obeying his orders, togive no offence to his native State. He was then employed, in the west; remained some time at Fort Gibson in Arkansas, and was thence transferred to Prairie du Chien ; then to the coinmand of Fort Winnebago in Wisconsin; then to the commagr oof Fort Gratiot in Michigan, and finally to Detroit, from which place he was ordered to Texas. He arrived at Cor- pus Chri siin October, 1845, and reported to General Taylor ; and on leaving this place for the Rio Grande he commanded a brigade. He was present at the battles of Palo Alto and Re- tonea de la Palma, on the 8th and 9th of May. At the former She displayed his usual self-possession in the midst of dangers; sond in augharge of lancers, 1500 strong, he threw his thin but gallant wegiment into square to receive them, and poured upon them a fire so deadly, that great numbers were slain, and the rest hooke and fled in confusion.


At /Um, light on the morning of the 9th, the Mexicans be- ing reinforced by unknown numbers, and our army surrounded by per fs, and encumbered by a large train of supplies, a councas was called to deliberate whether to return to Point Isabel, to intrench and wait for reinforcements, or to pro- ceed tonne relief of Fort Brown. Colonel McIntosh promptly and energetically advocated the latter measure, and the hazards of another battle. In a few minutes, the little ar- my, with their brave General at their head, was moving forward., The battle of Resaca de la Palma soon ensued, in which Colonel McIntosh was hopelessly wounded. When charging the Mexican lines, his horse was killed in passing through the chapparal, and a number of Mexicans in am- bush sprung upon him. One plunged a bayonet in his thigh ; another bayonet struck his wrist, passed between the bones of the left arm, which it broke, and came out on the opposite side, a little below the elbow. While defending himself alone , against such odds, he received another bayonet in the mouth, I which he grasped with his teeth ; the sturdy Mexican thrusting , it forward with all his strength, overturned and pinned him to the ground, the bayonet's point passing out at the back of the


:


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McINTOSH COUNTY.


neck, behind the ear. Supposing him dead, the party ran into the thicket and disappeared. Recovering himself somewhat, Col. McIntosh moved slowly towards more open ground, and was looking about among the scattered troops for his faithful regiment, which was at that moment hotly engaged with the enemy, when he met Captain Duncan of the artillery, who, in the hurry of the battle, not observing his wounds, asked for support to effect an important movement. The Colonel turned to the Captain, presenting a most terrible sight; the blood from some of his numerous wounds had clotted on his face, and he answered with difficulty, " I will give you the support you need." Captain Duncan, perceiving his situation, asked, with some emotion, if he could be of any service to him. Colonel McIntosh replied, " Yes, give me some water and show me my regiment ;" but he was so exhausted from loss of blood that he soon fell. . His life was long despaired of; and his only chance for repairing a constitution broken by long and hard service, seemed to be a northern climate, to which he retired as soon as he could travel. Spending a brief period with his friends in Georgia, and remaining a few months with his children in New-York, he again applied for service in Mexico, while yet his health was too feeble to encounter the perils of war. On his way to the seat of war, he visited Sa- vannah, where he received from the hands of his fellow-citizens a sword, with appropriate devices, for his gallantry. On reach- ing Vera Cruz, he was placed in command of an ill-assorted train, having a large amount of money for the army, then mov- ing on towards the city of Mexico. He had proceeded but a short distance when he was attacked by hosts of guerillas. To risk the treasure so much needed with such an undisci- plined and inefficient band, would have been imprudent, and he halted for reinforcements, which were supplied by General Cadwallader, from Vera Cruz. After many brushes with the enemy and a tiresome march, the train reached its destination in safety, and he was again restored to the 5th infantry, which loved him as a father, for he required no service in which he was unwilling to lead. He was at the battle of Con- treras, Cherubusco, and at the murderous slaughter of Molino del Rey, in which he was mortally wounded at the head of


421


MERIWETHER COUNTY.


his columns. A ball passing through his leg, he fell, and before he recovered himself, another penetrated below the knee, in the same leg, and ranging along the bone of the thigh, lodged in the hip, from which it was never extracted. He survived his wounds several weeks, and died in the city of Mexico, deeply regretted by the whole army. The Commanding Ge- neral of Division, in this terrible battle, remarked of Colonel McIntosh : " In my official reports it has been among my most pleasing and grateful duties to do full justice to an officer and soldier, than whom none, not one, is left of higher gallantry or patriotism. He died as he lived, the true-hearted friend, the courteous gentleman, the gallant soldier and patriot." In honouring his memory, the Legislature of Georgia directed his remains to be removed from Mexico to his native State, and the citizens of Savannah testified their respect for his virtues by a military and civic procession, and placed his remains in the tomb of his venerated kinsman, Major General Lachlan McIntosh, on the 18th of March, 1848.


In personal appearance, Colonel McIntosh was soldierly, of middling stature, and well formed for strength and activity; fair complexion, of a rather warm temperament, taciturn among strangers, but with friends kind and cheerful. He left, to mourn their loss, four sons and a daughter.


MERIWETHER.


BOUNDARIES, EXTENT .- This county is bounded N. by Coweta, E. by Pike and Upson, S. by Talbot and part of Harris, and W. by Troup. Its length is 26 miles, breadth 17 miles. Laid out from Troup, in 1827.


RIVERS, CREEKS .- Flint river, dividing the county from Pike and Upson, is the principal stream. The creeks are Red Oak, White Oak, Pigeon, Cane, Walnut, and Bear.


POST OFFICES. - Greeneville, Erin, Farmersville, Flat Shoals, Gold Hill, Rocky Mount, Texas, Warm Springs, White Sulphur Springs, Woodbury, Wood House.


POPULATION, TAXES, REPRESENTATION .- In 1845, the po-


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MERIWETHER COUNTY.


pulation was 15,381; of these 8,625 were whites, and 6,756 blacks. Amount of State tax returned for 1848, is $5,248 38 cents. Sends two representatives to the State Legislature.


TOWNS, VILLAGES .- Greeneville, named in honour of Ma- jor General Nathaniel Greene, is the seat of justice. It is lo- cated nearly in the centre of the county, on a high ridge, on the waters of Walnut creek. It is a pretty village, well shaded, having a fine brick court-house, constructed at an expense of $8,000, a jail built of wood, a beautiful church belonging to the Methodists, a neat Baptist church, one academy for females and two for males and females, besides a number of stores, &c. Population about 500. The town has been favoured with a large portion of health for five years past. The water is only tolerable. The population is moral, intelligent, and sociable. Incorporated and made the county site, in 1828. It is 108 miles W. of Milledgeville, 10 from the Warm Springs, 10 from the Sulphur Springs, 17 from the Chalybeate Springs, 20 from La Grange, 33 from Griffin, 25 from Zebulon, 30 from Talbotton, and 25 from Newnan. £ Goods to the amount of $75,000 are annually sold. Merchants buy their goods prin- cipally in Charleston and New-York.


Sandtown is 10 miles S. of Greeneville. Population be- tween 50 and 60.


Flat Shoals, 12 miles E. of Greeneville. The water-power is unimproved, although it presents inducements for manufac- turing purposes unsurpassed by any in Georgia. It is a very romantic spot.


MINERALS .-- Gold has been found near the Coweta line, 15 miles from Greeneville. About $10,000 worth of gold has been found in one locality. In various parts of the county this valuable metal exists in small quantities. Some iron is found ; also an inferior kind of granite.


MANUFACTURES, MILLS .- One wool-carding machine, on Cane creek, one ditto on Flat Shoals, 4 merchant-mills, 8 grist-mills, 5 saw-mills, one steam saw-mill.


RELIGIOUS SECTS, EDUCATION .- Methodist, Missionary and Anti-Missionary Baptists, Presbyterians, Protestant Methodists, and a few Episcopalians.


Sufficient concern is not felt in the subject of education.


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MERIWETHER COUNTY.


There are good schools at Greeneville and Harmony. We hope, that the period is not far distant when Meriwether will take a deeper interest in the cause of education. Number of poor children, 164. Educational fund amounts to $142 23 cents.


VALUE OF TOWN LOTS, &c .- The value of town lots is $50,824. Value of stock in trade, $56,200. Money at inte- rest, $20,615.


EARLY SETTLERS .- Among the early settlers were Abner Durham, Levi M. Adams, Gen. Hugh W. Ector, Thomas E. Hardeway, Major Kendall, B. Gates, D. C. Rose, Wm. Harris, G. Talbot, David Keith, William Fowles, Joseph Sentell, John H. Jones, J. A. Perdieu, and others.


CLIMATE, DISEASES .- The climate is temperate, but sub- ject to frequent changes. The diseases are intermittent and bilious fevers, and pneumonia. Measles, mumps, and whooping cough are sometimes very prevalent, but seldom followed by fatal consequences. The county may be regarded healthy.


INSTANCES OF LONGEVITY. - There are now living Isaiah Fuller, over 80-this gentleman enjoys fine health and culti- vates his farm; Mrs. Rimes is over 80; James Sewell, over 80 - the following were revolutionary soldiers : Alex- ander Smith, who is still living, aged 85; Lewis Jenkins died at 90 ; Giles Kelly is living, 87 ; George Earnest died at the age of 85; Wm. Morgan is 81; his wife of the same age; Seth Thompson died at 80; Abner Wheelus died last sum- mer at the age of 80 ; Mr. Chunn, is alive 80 years of age.


ROADS AND BRIDGES .- The roads are generally good, al- though more attention would make them better. There are a great many bridges, most of which are kept in good repair. The bridge over the Flint river, at the Flat Shoals, is 300 yards long.


CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE .- As far as we have had it in our power to make observations, we are prepared to say, that Meriwether is inhabited by a moral, industrious, and frugal people. Many gentlemen of intelligence live in the county. Judge Warner, of the Supreme Court of Georgia, resides in Greeneville.


AMUSEMENTS .- Dancing, hunting, fishing, and parties, are among the chief amusements.


424


MERIWETHER COUNTY.


FACE OF THE COUNTRY, NATURE OF THE SOIL .-- The sur- face of the country is, undulating, The Pine mountains rise in this county W. of the Flint river, and afford a variety of picturesque scenery. Good lands are found, particularly on Flint river, Red Oak, and White Oak creeks. The soil is mostly gray, although interspersed with mulatto soil. The county affords but little land unfit for cultivation. Land is worth about $4 per acre.


PRODUCTIONS, COTTON, MARKET. - Cotton, corn, wheat, rye, &c. Fruits and vegetables succeed well. Cotton ave- rages 550 pounds per acre ; corn, 3} barrels ; wheat, from 4 · to 10 bushels per acre. Between 12 and 15,000 bales of cot- ton are annually produced, the most of which is sent to Griffin.


MINERAL SPRINGS .- This county is celebrated for its valu- able medicinal springs.


The Warm Springs are situated on a spur of the Pine mountain, 36 miles from Columbus. A fountain, gushing forth 1,400 gallons of water per minute, of 90 degrees temperature, is among the greatest wonders in Georgia. The bathing- houses are fine, and every arrangement is made to accommo- date visitors.


The Cold Spring is three quarters of a mile from the hotel, affording 4,000 gallons of water per minute. There are some other springs in the county.


ANALYSIS OF THE WARM SPRINGS. - Properly designated Carbonated Chalybeate Waters.


Uniform temperature, · 90 deg. Fahrenheit. Specific gravity (distilled water being 1000), 998


In the wine pint, containing 28.875 cubic inches, the fol- lowing quantities are found :-


Carbonic Acid Gas, 1.11 cub. in.


or in 100 cubic inches of the water, . 3.84 c. i. gas.


Protoxide of Iron, suspended in Carb. Acid, 2.14 grains. or, regarded as a Carbonate of Iron, 3.29 Oxide of Calcium (Lime), 4.64 66


Oxide of Magnesium (Magnesia), 11.68


Hydro-Sulphuric Acid (Sulphuretted Hydrogen), a trace.


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MERIWETHER COUNTY.


THE COLD SPRING. - A beautiful, large and sparkling fountain of Acidulo-Carbonated Chalybeate Waters, dis- charging of free Carbonic Acid Gas, from a surface of about 5 feet square, 5341 cubic inches per hour ; furnishing also, in the water, by separate analysis,


Of Carbonic Acid Gas, to the Wine Pint (28.875 cub. in.) 2 cub in.


Iron, in the form of Protocarbonate, suspended in Carb. Acid, 3.60 grs.


The other ingredients regarded as nearly the same, and in the same proportions as in the Warm Springs.


A. MEANS, Emory College, Oxford, Ga.


MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS .- The first court in this county was held in a log-cabin, near Greeneville, Judge Colquitt presiding, on the 1st day of September, 1828.


The first presentment made by a Grand Jury was against . the Central Bank, at Milledgeville.


NAME .- This county received its name in honour of Gen. David Meriwether, a devoted friend to his country and to the rights of man. Virginia gave him birth, in 1755. His edu- cation, like that of many other great men, was limited. In the war of '76, he shouldered his musket in the strife for freedom, and after serving some time, was made a Lieutenant in the United States army, and shared in the toils and glory of the War in New Jersey. He was also at the siege of Sa- vannah, and was there taken prisoner. About 1785, he set- tled in Wilkes county, and took an active part in public af- fairs. Every thing which was calculated to promote the in- terests of religion and education, met in Mr. Meriwether an ardent and zealous friend. When Asbury and the first Me- thodist missionaries came to Georgia with the message of the Gospel of peace upon their lips, and when persecution had al- most discouraged them from making further efforts on the frontiers, Mr. Meriwether, who highly appreciated the labours and the objects of these holy men, became their warm advo- cate, and did every thing in his power to induce them still to con- tinue their opposition against vice and irreligion, which in those days prevailed among all classes. He connected himself with




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