USA > Georgia > Statistics of the state of Georgia : including an account of its natural, civil, and ecclesiastical history ; together with a particular description of each county, notices of the manners and customs of its aboriginal tribes, and a correct map of the state > Part 50
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Ringold is a town of recent date, situated in a romantic part of the county, and bids fair to be one among the most flourishing towns in Cherokee Georgia.
AVERAGE PRODUCT PER ACRE .- Cotton averages 800 lbs. per acre, corn 35 bushels, wheat 15, barley 30, and rye 10.
MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS .- Hicks, Taylor, and Ross, emi- nent Cherokees, once resided in this county. There are apple-
593
WALKER COUNTY.
trees, at the plantation formerly owned by Hicks, six feet in circumference, now producing fine fruit.
NAME .- This division of the State received its name in ho- nour of Major Freeman Walker. He was born on the 25th day of October, 1780, in Charles City county, Virginia. He came to Georgia in 1797, and after a course of study in the Richmond Academy, entered the office of his brother, George Walker, Esq., as a student of law. In 1802 he commenced practice, and by his unwearied attention to his profession, soon became one among the most successful lawyers in the coun- try. In 1807, he was elected a member of the State Legisla- ture, in which body he exhibited the same powers of mind which had distinguished him before the tribunals of justice. For several years after this time, his attention was exclusively devoted to his private affairs. In 1819 he was elected a Sena- tor of the United States. In this august assembly, he did the State which he represented great honour. He assisted in the settlement of the Missouri question, and his speech, which he delivered on that subject, will ever remain a monument of his genius and patriotism. He held many other appointments, such as Mayor of Augusta, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, &c. He died at his residence, Spring Hill, on Butler's creek, Richmond county, September 23d, 1827, in the 47th year of his age. We might add much more in reference to this gentleman, but think our readers will have a better idea of his character from the following epitaph upon his tomb, written by the Hon. Richard Henry Wilde :
Consecrated To the cherished memory and mortal relics of FREEMAN WALKER, An able and successful Advocate, a graceful and fluent speaker. His influence as a Statesman, his reputation as an Orator, and his urbanity as a gentleman, were embellished and endeared by social and domestic virtues. Long a distinguished Member of the Bar,
594
WARE COUNTY.
Often elected to the Legislature of the State, He at length became one of her Senators in Congress, and retired after two years of honourable service, to resume a profitable profession, which he practised with untiring industry, and unblemished character, until shortly before his death. Generous, Hospitable, and Humane,
of cheerful temper and familiar manners, he was idolized by his family, beloved by his friends, and admired by his countrymen. Even party spirit, in his favour,
forgot something of its bitterness, and those who differed from the politician, did justice to the man. Born in Virginia, in October, 1780. His brilliant and useful life was terminated by a pulmonary complaint, on the 23d day of September, 1827, in the 47th year of his age.
WARE.
BOUNDARIES, EXTENT .- Bounded N. by Appling ; E. by Wayne and Camden ; S. by Florida, and W. by Lowndes and a part of Irwin. Laid out from Irwin, and organized in 1824. Length, 55 miles ; breadth, 53. Square miles, 2,915.
RIVERS, CREEKS .- This section of the State is well wa- tered. The head waters of the Suwanee and St. Mary's are in this county, besides innumerable creeks, among which are the Big Hurricane, Little Hurricane, Hog, Seventeen Mile creek, Indian, Wolf, &c.
POST OFFICE .- Waresborough.
POPULATION, TAXES, REPRESENTATION .- According to the census of 1845, this county had a population of 2,733 whites,
595
WARE COUNTY.
and 201 blacks ; total, 2,934. Amount of State tax for 1848, $784 86. Sends one representative to the Legislature.
VALUE OF STOCK IN TRADE, &C .- The value of stock in trade is $2,200. Money at interest, $34,095.
TOWNS. - Waresborough is the capital, situated 163 miles S. E. of Milledgeville, 70 from Troupville, and 40 from Holmesville. It has a court-house, tavern, store, &c.
EARLY SETTLERS .- The Hargroves, Hilliards, Tomber- lines, and others.
RELIGIOUS SECTS, EDUCATION .- Methodists and Baptists are the most numerous. Very little interest is taken in the subject of education.
FACE OF THE COUNTRY, NATURE OF THE SOIL .-- The coun- ty is flat, and interspersed with numerous swamps. The soil is light and tolerably productive. The salt palmetto abounds.
PRODUCTIONS. -- Sugar-cane, cotton, corn, potatoes, &c. Black seed cotton grows finely. Cotton averages about 600 pounds per acre. Peaches, melons, figs, and oranges, succeed well. It is a fine country for cattle and hogs.
CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE .-- The citizens are said to be hardy, industrious, and honest. Much good might be done by the organization of temperance societies.
CLIMATE .- The climate is warm. Fever and ague prevail in some places.
MARKET .-- Centreville, on the St. Mary's river, in Camden county.
ROADS .- The roads are excellent.
GAME .- Game is abundant. Bears and wolves are often killed.
SWAMP. - Okefinocau, formerly called by the Indians E-cun-fi-no-cau, from Ecunnau, earth, and finocau, quivering. The first was the most common among the Creeks, from Ooka, a Choctaw word for water, and finocau, quivering : a little motion will make the mud and water of the swamp quiver ; hence its name. It is about 30 miles long, and 17 broad. Se- veral rivers have their head waters in this swamp. In it are several islands, one of which the Creeks represented to be one among the most blissful spots in the world ; that it was inhab- ited by a peculiar race of Indians, whose women were incompa- rably beautiful ; that this place had been seen by some of their
596
WARE COUNTY.
hunters when in pursuit of game, who being lost in inextri- cable swamps and bogs, and on the point of perishing, were unexpectedly relieved by a company of beautiful women, whom they called daughters of the sun, who kindly gave them such provisions as they had, chiefly fruit, oranges, dates, &c., and some corn cakes, and then enjoined them to fly for safety to their own country, as their husbands were fierce men, and cruel to strangers. They also stated, that these hunters had a view of their settlements, situated on the elevated banks of an island or promontory, in a beautiful lake ; but that in their efforts to approach it, they were involved in perpetual laby- rinths, and, like enchanted land, when they imagined they had just gained it, it seemed to fly before them, alternately ap- pearing and disappearing. They resolved, at length, to leave the delusive pursuit and to return, which after a number of inexpressible difficulties they effected. When they reported their adventures to their countrymen, their young warriors were inflamed with a desire to invade and conquer so charm- ing a country ; but all their attempts proved abortive, never being able again to find that enchanting spot, nor even any road to it .*
NAME .- Nicholas Ware, whose name this county bears, was the son of Captain Robert Ware, an officer of the Revo- lution, and was born in Virginia, on the 16th of February, 1776. He accompanied his father to Georgia, and was placed in the academy of Dr. Springer. Having completed his edu- cation, he studied law in the city of Augusta, and attended law lectures at Litchfield, in Connecticut. In Augusta, he acquired considerable practice, and was honoured with many appointments by his fellow-citizens. He was particularly ac- tive in promoting the interests of the Richmond Academy, and took a great interest in the cause of literature generally. For several years he was a member of the Legislature, and was always found faithful and independent in the discharge of his duty. He was Senator to Congress from 1821 to 1824. He died in the city of New-York, in September, 1824, whilst Lafayette was landing, amidst the acclamations of the peo- ple. He is represented to have been a man of much industry, great liberality, and unimpeachable honour. We regret that
* Bartram's Travels.
597
WARREN COUNTY.
it has not been in our power to gather information which would have enabled us to give a more particular account of Mr. Ware.
WARREN.
BOUNDARIES, EXTENT. - This county is bounded N. by Taliaferro and Wilkes; E. by Columbia; S. by Jefferson ; and W. by Washington and Hancock. Laid out in 1793, and portions set off to Jefferson in 1796, and in 1825 portions to Taliaferro. Length 26 miles, breadth 16, containing 416 square miles.
RIVERS, CREEKS .- The north fork of the Ogeechee is on the western boundary of the county. Brier creek rises in this county, runs S.E., and after a course of 100 miles, discharges it- self into the Savannah river. Several creeks have their origin in this county and empty into the Little river, such as Town, William's, and Carson's creeks. Rocky Comfort, Goulden's, Beach Tree, Joes, Deep, and Long creeks, flow south.
POST OFFICES .- Warrenton, Camak, Double Wells, May- field.
POPULATION, TAXES, REPRESENTATION .- The last census gave this county a population of 5,975 whites, 5,493 blacks ; total, 11,468. Amount of State tax returned for 1848, $3,761 45 cents. Entitled to two representatives.
TOWNS .-- Warrenton, a pleasant and flourishing town, is the seat of justice. It is situated on the waters of Goulden's creek, nearly in the centre of the county, distant from Milledgeville 45 miles E. N. E., 42 from Augusta, 22 from Sparta, 26 from Wash- ington, and 34 from Louisville. A large amount of business is done here, and it is said that goods can be purchased cheaper than in almost any town in Georgia. The stores are spacious and well stocked with goods. About $125,000 worth of goods are annually sold. The court-house is constructed of brick ; the jail of granite, found near the town. There are two churches, one male and one female academy, five stores, three groceries, one tailor, two shoemakers, one carpenter, one blacksmith, one
598
WARREN COUNTY.
milliner, one wagon shop, two hotels, two saddlers, seven lawyers, five physicians, and one minister. The place has the reputation of being healthy. The citizens are intelligent and enterprising. From the Georgia Railroad, there is a branch railroad terminating at Warrenton, three miles and a quarter in length. The town was incorporated in 1810, and made the county site in 1797.
Double Wells and Camak, are stations on the Georgia Railroad.
Mayfield is on the Ogeechee.
RELIGIOUS SECTS, EDUCATION .- Baptists, Methodists, Ro- man Catholics, Presbyterians and Protestant Methodists. In the county are fifteen Baptist and sixteen Methodist churches. The means of education are abundant, and ample provision is made for the instruction of the poor. Number of poor children, 391. Educational fund, $339 10.
MINERAL SPRING. -- On Long creek, eight miles from Warrenton is a spring, the waters of which are chalybeate.
MINERALS .-- Gold in small quantities has been found in the upper part of the county, and excellent granite and soapstone are abundant.
FACE OF THE COUNTRY, NATURE OF THE SOIL .-- The oak and hickory lands are the most fertile, adapted to cotton and corn. About half of the county embraces the oak and hickory uplands, together with those which the farmers denominate mixed land, the peculiar growth of which is pine, with a little oak and hickory interspersed, adapted to cotton and the dif- ferent grains. The gray sandy pine lands produce well for a few years.
AVERAGE PRODUCT PER ACRE, VALUE OF LAND .- Cotton produces 350 pounds per acre, corn 10 bushels, wheat 5. Land is worth upon an average $3 per acre.
CLIMATE, DISEASES, LONGEVITY .-- The climate is mild and healthy. Most of the diseases occur on the water-courses. This county is remarkable for cases of longevity. Eighteen months ago, there were living the following persons: Capt. Hill, aged 87 years; Mr. John Jones, 85; Mr. G. Berry, over 90; Mr. D. Newsome, 80; Mr. H. Pool, over 85; Mr. H. Chalker, 85; Mr. J. Burkhalter, 90; Mr. Crenshaw, over 80 ; Mrs. Persons, 92 ; Mrs. Bass, 90; Mr. Brinkley, 85; Mrs. Hobbes, 100. The
599
WARREN COUNTY.
following persons died in this county : Mrs. Peoples, aged 100; Mrs. Killebrew, 100 ; Mrs. Heath, 90; Mrs. Walker, 93; Mrs. Bates, 90; Mr. Cason, 96; Mr. J. W. Jackson, 100; Mr. John Wilson, 92; Mr. Charles Sturdevant, 95; Mr. Bullock, 90; Mr. James Draper, 80.
CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE .-- The people are generally well informed. Religion and morality are highly esteemed.
MANUFACTURES, MILLS .- Rock Mills factory on the Ogee- chee. Capital, $25,000.
Spindles,
600
Operatives,
40
Wages of operatives, $7 75 cts. per month.
The morals of the operatives are good.
Brother's factory. Capital invested, $18,000.
Spindles,
1,000
Hands employed, 30
Merchant-mills, five or six ; saw-mills, 12; grist-mills, 10. One wool-carding machine at the Brothers factory, on the Shoals of Ogeechee ; one ditto, at Mayfield ; one ditto, at Deep Creek.
EMINENT MEN .- The Hon. Mr. McDuffee, of South Caro- lina, is a native of Warren county.
NAME .- Major General Joseph Warren, whose name this county bears, was born at Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 1741. He was favoured with the advantages of a liberal education, and graduated with honour at Harvard University, 1759. Directing his attention to medical pursuits, he became one of the most eminent physicians of his day, but the agitating ques- tions which then occupied the thoughts of his countrymen, diverted his mind from a profession which promised him wealth and reputation. When the news of the passage of the Stamp Act reached Boston, he decided upon his course, which was open and determined resistance to taxation and tyranny. By his pen, and by attending the meetings of his fellow-citi- zens, held to discuss the rights of the colonies, he contributed much to kindle the flame of opposition to the British ministry. His orations on the massacre of the 5th of March, are well- known to breathe the spirit of the true patriot. When the
600
WARREN COUNTY.
time arrived for the appointment of an orator, for 1775, com- memorative of this massacre, this office was again conferred upon Mr. Warren, at his own request. Some of the British officers, then in Boston, had pledged themselves to take the life of any man who should refer to the massacre on that occasion, and, hearing of this threat, Mr. Warren earnestly de- sired the honour of braving it. The oration was delivered. Unappalled the patriot orator depicted in moving terms the injustice of Great Britain ; and although crowds of British officers were present, no attempt was made to carry their threats into execution. On the evening before the battle of Lexington, Warren received information that the enemy de- signed to seize the military stores at Concord, and immediately adopted measures to spread the information. On the next day, the never to be forgotten 19th of April, Mr. Warren was destined to display gallantry, which has given him a high rank among those who lost their lives in fighting for the liber- ties of their country. Four days previous to the battle of Bunker's or Breed's Hill, he had received his commission of Major General. His friends entreated him not to expose him- self incautiously ; but such was his zeal, that he rushed into the battle with his musket, and received a shot in the head, which immediately killed him. In 1776, his remains were taken from the earth, at Breed's Hill, placed in a coffin, and brought to the Stone Chapel, in Boston, and deposited in a vault under the chapel, by the Freemasons, of which he was Grand Master. A monument also was erected by this ancient fraternity, to his memory, on the battle-field, which has, however, given place to the Bunker Hill Monument. Congress made provision for the maintenance and education of his children. People of Warren ! should necessity ever require you to take up arms in the defence of your country, imitate the example of the man after whom your county is called.
601
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
WASHINGTON.
BOUNDARIES, EXTENT .- This county constitutes a portion of territory acquired by a treaty with the Creek Indians, by which all the lands claimed by them east of the Oconee river, were given to the State of Georgia. The country thus ac- quired was divided into two counties, one called Franklin, and the other Washington ; the latter embracing " all the territory from the Cherokee corner north, extending from the Ogeechee to the Oconee, south, to Liberty county." It was laid out in 1784. In 1786, a portion of it was added to Greene ; in 1793, a part set off to Hancock ; in 1807, a part to Baldwin; in 1811, a part to Laurens ; in 1812, a part to Baldwin; and in 1826 a part to Baldwin. It is now bounded on the N. by Hancock ; on the E. by a part of Warren and a part of Jef- ferson ; on the S. by Emanuel and Laurens, and on the W. by Wilkinson and a portion of Baldwin. Length 38 miles ; breadth 38; containing 1444 square miles.
POPULATION, REPRESENTATION, TAXES .- In 1840, the po- pulation was 10,565 ; in 1845, 11,272. Sends two representa- tives to the Legislature. Amount of State tax returned for 1848, $3,772 15.
POST OFFICES .- Saundersville, Curry's Mills, Davisbo- rough, Hebron, Irwin's, Cross Roads, Oconee, Warthen's Store, and Tennille.
FACE OF THE COUNTRY, NATURE OF THE SOIL,-The face of the country, in some sections, is hilly, and in others level. On Williamson's swamp there are as rich lands as any in Georgia, and which have produced 3,000 pounds of cotton per acre. The lands on Buffalo are excellent. In the vicinity of Saundersville there is a large body of fertile land. The soil generally through this county is mixed with lime, in some parts more and in others less.
RIVERS, CREEKS .-- The rivers are the Oconee, Ogeechee, and Ohoopee. The creeks are Dyes, Buckeye, Deep, Sand Hill, Lamar's, Keg, Buffalo, Bluff, and others.
CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE .- Washington county is in-
602
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
habited by a generous and high-minded people. Love for their State is a predominant feeling with them.
MINERAL SPRING .- On a branch leading into Williamson's swamp, there is a spring containing mineral properties.
ROCKS, MINERALS .- Fine burr stone is abundant in this county. Near Saundersville are five or six lime-sinks, or caves, as many of them may be properly called, in which fossil teeth, ribs, and shells of endless variety are gathered in almost any quantity. Cypleasters, silicified oyster shells, and coprolites are also abundant. Recently, opal has been discovered in this neighbourhood ; also hornstone, jasper, chalcedony, agate, &c. The compiler of this work has frequently visited the neighbour- hood of Saundersville, and can safely say, that in his judgment, a more interesting geological locality is not to be found in our country. It is very strange that so little should be known of these " medals of creation." Persons have resided near the spot for years, and yet have not had the curiosity to visit these caves. The friends of science have reasons to regret that Sir Charles Lyell, when in Georgia, and who passed within three miles of Saundersville, did not visit this interesting locality.
SHELLS .- The streams of this county abound with rare muscles. Many of them have been collected and sent to Eu- rope and the Northern States, to adorn the cabinets of the cu- rious. The stream near Brantley's mill-pond is rich in these beautiful shells.
RELIGIOUS SECTS, EDUCATION .- The Methodists and Bap- tists are the most numerous. There are several incorporated academies, but they are not now in operation. The census of 1840 gives 882 persons over 20 years of age, in this county, who could not read or write. Surely the citizens should endea- vour to adopt some system, by which the means of education can be brought to every man's door.
Number of poor children 387. Educational fund, $335 60.
CLIMATE, DISEASES, LONGEVITY .- The climate is moderate. In some settlements, particularly on water-courses, fevers and chills prevail. The instances of longevity are the following : William Rachel died at the age of 118 years ; Mr. Bedgood at 112 ; Mr. A. Peacock at 85 ; Moses Cox over 80.
ORIGINAL SETTLERS .- John Stokes, Mr. Saunders, John
603
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
and George Galphin, Col. Francis Tennille, Jared, John and Alexander Irwin, John Robinson, David Fluker, John Ruther- ford, James Thomas, Philemon Franklin, and Samuel Sinque- field.
MILLS .- Two very superior flour-mills, thirteen saw-mills, thirteen grist-mills.
PRODUCTIONS .- Cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, &c. The soil produces the finest sweet potatoes. Fruits and vegetables succeed very well. Amount of cotton produced in one year, 10,000 bags.
TowN .- Saundersville, on the ridge between the Oconee and the Ogeechee rivers, 480 feet above tide water, is the county town, established in 1796, and incorporated in 1812. It is distant from Milledgeville 28 miles, 135 from Savannah, 26 from Louisville, and 3 from the Central Railroad. Population, 400. The court-house is constructed of brick, the jail of wood. There are six dry goods stores, three groceries, one tavern, four blacksmiths, two shoemakers, two carriage-makers, one news- paper, one tanyard, one tailor, one cabinet-maker, eight law- yers, six physicians, one church, one Masonic Lodge, one Odd Fellows' Lodge, and one Division of the Sons of Temperance. About $100,000 worth of goods are annually sold.
ROADS, BRIDGES .- The roads and bridges are generally good.
ANTIQUITIES .- There are the remains of two old forts in this county. One is four miles and a half W. of Saundersville, the other 8 miles S. of Saundersville.
VALUE OF TOWN LOTS, &c .-- The value of town lots is $17,975. Value of stock in trade, $26,950. Money at inte- rest, $85,523.
NAME .-- This division of the State was named in honour of GEORGE WASHINGTON.
604
WAYNE COUNTY.
WAYNE.
BOUNDARIES, EXTENT .- This county is bounded N. E. by McIntosh ; E. by Glynn; S, by Camden, and W. by Ware and Appling. Wayne is a portion of the territory obtained from the Creeks by the United States Commissioners, in a treaty entered into at or near Fort Wilkinson, on the 16th of June, 1802, and was laid out in 1803, by the Lottery Act, and or- ganized in 1805. It is 33 miles long, and 18 wide, containing 594 square miles.
RIVERS, CREEKS .- The Great St. Illa river runs through the southern part of the county. The Alatamaha washes the north side ; the Finholloway flows into the Alatamaha. There are several streams of less importance, such as McMillen's creek, &c.
VALUE OF TOWN LOTS, &c .- The value of town lots is $4,200. Value of stock in trade, $4;200. Money at interest, $10,130.
POPULATION, TAXES, REPRESENTATION. - According to the census of 1845, the population was 935 whites, and 355 blacks ; total, 1,290 ; being less than any other county. State tax for 1848, $317 92. Sends one representative to the Le- gislature.
POST OFFICE -Waynesville.
TowN .- Waynesville is the seat of justice, situated in the southeast part, one mile from the main road leading from Fort Barrington ferry on the Alatamaha to St. Mary's ; 176 miles from Milledgeville, 20 from Fort Barrington, 45 from St. Ma- ry's, and 22 from Jeffersonton. It has one store, one Baptist church, one academy, and one boarding-house. The courts are held in the academy, and there is no jail. Near the vil- lage there are many beautiful pine hills, with pure water, affording delightful summer residences for the wealthy plant- ers of Glynn.
NATURE OF THE SOIL, PRODUCTIONS .- The soil is gene- rally poor, barren, pine land. When manured, it will produce ยท about 20 bushels of corn per acre. The productions are long
605
WAYNE COUNTY.
staple cotton, corn, and sweet potatoes. Sugar-cane grows well, and many families make syrup, and sugar enough for their own consumption. Rice is grown only in small quanti- ties for family use.
CATTLE, SHEEP, HOGS .- Every farmer has a stock of cat- tle and hogs, and depends in some measure upon them for a support. There are a few flocks of sheep, which seem to do well.
MANUFACTURES, MILLS .- There are no cotton factories, saw-mills, or distilleries in the county, and but few grist-mills. Corn is generally ground by hand-mills.
RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS, SCHOOLS .- The religious de- nominations are Baptists and Methodists. There are but few schools.
CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE .- The county is inhabited by poor but honest farmers. For morality and hospitality they stand high.
CLIMATE .- The climate is as healthy as any in Georgia. A resident of the county writes to us thus : " We have no use for doctors."
VALUE OF TOWN LOTS, &c .- The Digest of the State for 1848, values the town lots at $4,200. Stock in trade, $4,200. Money at interest, $10,130.
NAME .- When our children shall ask who were the heroes that stood foremost in the struggle for their country's liberty, the name of the bold and enterprising Major General Anthony Wayne will be pronounced. One who knew him well, says, " that he had a constitutional attachment to the decision of the sword." He was born in Pennsylvania, on the 1st of January, 1745. When a boy, the love of military amusements inter- fered materially with his education, although he was success- ful in his mathematical studies. He left school at the age of eighteen, and became a surveyor. In 1773 he was appointed a representative to the General Assembly, where he took a firm stand against the demands of Great Britain. He had long desired a military command, and the revolutionary war fur- nished him with an opportunity of gratifying his wish. He raised a regiment of volunteers, of which he was elected Colo- nel, and afterwards received the appointment of Colonel from
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