USA > Iowa > Jackson County > The history of Jackson County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c., biographical sketches of citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion history of the Northwest, history of Iowa miscellaneous matters, &c > Part 36
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STATISTICS OF AGRICULTURE OF IOWA (CENSUS OF 1875.)
No. of
No. of
No. of
Acres
Spring Wheat.
Winter Wheat.
Indian Corn.
Oats.
Value of
COUNTIES.
Acres
of Im-
Acres
Unim-
under
Products
proved
proved
Culti-
Laud.
vation
No. of
No. of
Bushels
No. of
No. of
Bushels
No. of
No. of
No. of
Land.
Harv'i'd
Acres,
No. of
of Farm
in 1874.
Acres.
Harv't'd
Acres.
Bushels
Harv't'd
Acres.
Bushels
in
Harv't d
Dollars.
Appanoose.
161059
161083
125188
9606
64871
2385243
Alamakee ..
134767
Audubon ..
21146
15682)
109388
61880
77789
937699
1049
181
10888
21925
905920
13756
387346
$1631937
65459
23819
15986
1964
394655
12776
442829
788
83298
1415769
9225
Adama ..
43785
54852
6876
17947
89235
10
27550
281376
97
184158
435014
174
25474
968777
8951
141293
Adair
83182
33118
55630
37031
66265
27010
30$60
4455
159739
695318
Buena Vista .
Benton.
297518
53911
239-108
15514
3500
1402128
280
228231
828171
99106
162737
7888
1343666
83244
3328921
2791
15490
67069
445070
207828
Boone ..
156937
2664995
149493
71810
106642
124977
82505
429257
7
Butler.
145367
58908
57907
779167
11
84
1595752
10401
404620
20
46151
1018453
Bremer
700
38685
1270818
18827
421719
1209785
Black Hawk.
213025
47001
48878
644795
1026611
150881
104910
28,54
518571
71418
181256
14259
157240
8936)
61291
1108024
812342
56592
48831
1939590
1811250
16804
17491
538196
1144620
Buchanan
19056
556209
1898424
Clsy ...
37059
54638
39919
33375
153159
180120
Cherokee
110864
28974
45301
45412
17481
2615949
92785
31693
401507
8797
315215
4436
98766
676209
9459
1901062
3545
115595
123343
Casa ...
40582
176281
35019
Crawford
58058
283414
15252
40123
324894
9079
1284899
21000,
640544
295
17957
648658
2845921
2902
52930
41417
40167
99158
Cedar
248869
309895
166-185
48618
415463
26
78324
26544 3
20243\
675837
483357
2606149
Cerro Gordo.
Clayton
212291
9512
29855
151908
178622
28199
86883
1305125
1347
21030
1471263
7199
200 24
228097
591617
12
37918
669895
2081793
Clinton
Chickasaw
96304
57337
91772
74104
68689
1010345
643519|
428
89297
3061338
514279
23:04
702059
3049019
309744
40162
63
16821
11744
446300
894656
Carrol]
58065
Clarke
94694
50487
99159
78603
26756
340161
217090
3
20
16014
550041
1580260
8238
107577
451965
17968
39066
367643
Calhoun.
26618
7
26996
55
12337
7054987
Davia.
150J38
116003
131597
11010
103631
95275
5378
80993
10
150
56405
10656
62127
351120
2115569
2993
73182
845:07
221613
Decatur
115:51
87172
8211
7:169
53 9
13643
1608090
Dubuqu"
187831
99561
146244
817
12239
50484
1763140
10555
844551
1024541
Des Moines.
Delaware
143605
472029
58165
97618
49240
634135
1-20
1702391
2307938
25115
648322
28:392
1636132
Dickinson
15770
62305
161357
10615
11961
60401
118896
71728
8688
11:3 0
102924
9242
5
1690 85
20577
632113
1772992
25822
50
56150
2403
3.282
1699914
Dallas
133435
29850
57765
114625
5701
838
29256
445848
3183
44455
Emmet
7
186
2484898
45331
9937
935124
1502047
9989
57652
Floyd
1410J8
2559G
32190
3911
1510
2197
14273
1519
3241
15244
179504
110708
183758
62067
941499
26462
6424-18
15161
487729
Fayette.
1296480
20760
1367377
Franklin
69359
98156
65590
60779
863610
46
968
37091
24066
704407
1503127
Fremont
1159J7
43 46
91096
455009
Grundy
146059
198332
103039
135108
13229
206301
9706-7
841
16625
788 15
758983
9532
328679
777106
1482582
5419
179645
1046065
59310
47926
67384
40175
1+03085
11:86
401948
1593977
Green
49838
Guthrie
8,259
47220
52323
19391
257.00
44
783037
783027
4227
120948
620905
128331
39930
76892
22
88902
4145
153505
Humboldt
97765
27189
393574
$60
1669134
Hardin
36906
88464
497251
20902
41304
9998
1379961
297381
10982
9974
356915
792461
1066627
29114
2:013
120 1G
30.912
90944
Howard.
Harrison
115923
171018
831451
72287
36115
582803
340268
200001
61871
10210
259 18
143:01
1200
9916
948 18
41720
1620192
3462
69140
734409
.
Hancock
10462
341615
9003
4899
84
2067
57899
1953
48816
786677
Hamilton
63966
52050
70006
39935
20676
291682
113203
20441
670:31
2415670
6108
168262
89405
52762
Henry.
182080
Ida ..
7292
50219
110831
15026
180220
9041
62672
18393
358221
1765670
9191
6514
3108
2301
455
Iowa
191041
48815
108465
14060
7482212
Jackson
193200
89337
158188
48410
6702 17
36
241021
142401
550000
491
1080
71257
142401
€2518
11756
7912
193019
43515
45306
666719
1274
53962
2713830
1665518
819071
2005049
77142
3158178
23652
621156
1750091
Johnson
100
Jasper
278881
522197
179752
63298
211949
79926
11071.0
462478
100217
45259 9
17700
2447875
15267
532239
2916838
Jones.
208907
140681
96090
91
6192
409
63423
19035~4
18260
464824
1696416
Jefferson.
16:389
208125
66979
98909
123590
164904
149672
16237
30278
868528
148
66739
1363
55061
75697
1695310
8327292
14005
446128
Keokuk
$1550
29835
10798
119777
15582
5143
447603
1530140
9781
27857
1919728
Kossuth.
48793
10:51
13199
1 0
15100
200407
11817
279009
105306
Lee
183832
78602
Lucas.
59:57
139780
72624
59863
2190306
1631518
108952
158.2
88837
318811
13354
153587
9:29
47022
1902500
342164
Lyon.,
12706
8132
76712
5-
2615
12665
281118
62649
175035
650597
12
91773
10396
3139923
8177
18;89
1030554
82651
Linn.
151007
52922
10 066
52178
19 64
189929
1888
160
22610
16267
49642
2184658
6792
585648
175755
2590052
Louisa
Mitchell.
126384
232398
65534
122190
9:193
1089811
1124
411961
14078
542662
1665739
1591878
Mahsaks
150 68
31 62
395532
205
2697
496248
Marion.
8768209
166-46
199369
159214
520663
2212
83775
84630
10937
335746
2195785
8835063
2181346
Milla
141512
53004
99837
45136
24383
342961
183
32
Madison
59543
1583976
6528
232639
1003509
161998
183709
137079
37553
628314
25
543
263
484
69194
2953680
285103
Monroe
102215
223735
78206
91.30
11638
101413
5584
45575
1738916
8749
11512
241081
1709030
998362
Marshall
4 532
69293
2808256
2368278
Monoua.
117308
13611
465245
52242
56278
39344
Muscatine.
48 32
129599
1534
1125382
183811
21
200
67699
21517
818338
2904
66475
447665
178945
Montgomery.
104633
32375
416471
50607
86026
1381
551539
63
629
54760
1715978
13287
405562
83626
82070
26:31
8
166
39251
1441467
106052
5322
201685
1747906
1072127
O'Brien
14904
151326
6979
3107
63931
191542
Osceola.
18190
207689
31 406
56841
14631
8:09
74757
21
894
2510
77497
17279
1990
Polk
8272010
20829
69581
12188
2140023
Pochahontas ..
431841
21928
35372
140150
19219
563339
7434
89.31
229263
25-41
40494
112666
Pottawattomie
124530
208959
419489
171589
61906
33.60
5899:1
7623.6
63
475
47258
86718
1750038
6278
3511105
11416
168081
1252629
Powesheik
48697
156.82
175471
2399022
Page.
115184
57312
225-9
2299013
833565
9758
346507
1293469
Plymouth
58293
Palo Alto
519.2
32225
41379
355792
442726
1220
16679
33628
23208
10
20235
160
71396
10097
175778
4161
120437
434128
18317
18400
58329
86OG
325
6611
142357
2979
96616
9118
4C859
Ringgold.
Scott
235515
19123
50373
255007
1115782
Story.
148649
43374
185742
10026
47698
78851
762315
125
1762
35613
40
618
59071
1145937
51273
22263-16
1783477
15915
11273
628868
3041873
99387
2GC58
8
20
343265
1033743
Shelby
53180
39326
36:391
47290
83515
22040
330597
317944
1,674
6780
689556
225-1
4591
71676
573026
Sloux ..
33824
251286
32038
Sac.
81336
22:19.3
8035
45096
6599
166980
238880
Taylor.
102861
47201
233515
21179
79142
1105G
11003-4
15-11G
206313
214
8662
9068
48260
279716
1419680
8718
269657
908476
Tama ..
255182
90222
21 1941
9,018
1437807
73251
2842859
15574
384469
2316405
Union
153674
33216
99328
45826
10336
960
24063
6127
187748
624200
Van Buren
57005
1130030
Wayne.
147766
113263
141188
53
7435
58809
10928
121854
50211
1823622
1259G
853698
1439586
191265
167178
117689
Warren ..
66.95
153737
10313
763-16
143
1236
65625
2405187
13242
80280
3561365
967396
1961976
8391
281510
2208992
Wiunesheik
2461 10
191670
259 169
42175
93097
112175
65 1679
1813465
61
910
27185
2265252
Woodbury
Worth ..
44179
51097
15:43
218375
410187
14617
977316
490371
24307
8216508
91617
298209
48927
45957
32157
23092
8500
122291
8072
2832211
4445
15701
161557
396506
Washington
225176
55"52
Wehater.
97238
78265
453920
2035264
61744
157884
70910
41646
30554
469879
891051
1439
14193
5
270
28:13
917911
7491
207498
733942
Winnehago.
17589
90625
12421
8939
162281
11
1374
62425
1327
45109
140219
Wright
35516
32387
28957
13629
196166
10089
281821
4134
2143791
11570
135176
288685
Wapello.
150209
63491
185173
17368
157535
1617
16159
67035
293590
1455319
Totals
12627850| 8410435|
9354905
3690711
42669731
69188
759277
4700176
186284542 982994
29144852 $191536747
·
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
ANTE-PIONEER TIMES.
To the reader of his country's history it is scarcely necessary to recall the fact that the land now comprised in the county of Jackson was a part of the " Louisiana Purchase," and was transferred from France to the United States in 1803 in answer to the financial needs of the first Napoleon. Thus acquired, it became in turn a part of the " District of Louisiana," Territory of Louisiana in 1805, Territory of Missouri in 1812, Territory of Michigan in 1834, Ter- ritory of Wisconsin, July, 1836, and Territory of Iowa July 3, 1838.
Notwithstanding the purchase of territory from the French, who claimed these wilds, it became necessary to wipe out the title maintained by the Indians as aborigines. Jackson County was a part of the land which was conveyed in the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes in September, 1832, and commonly known as the "Black Hawk Purchase," which opened up the first land in Iowa for settlement by the whites.
In this treaty the United States Government was represented by Gen. Winfield Scott and Gov. John Reynolds. The treaty transferred to the United States from the Sacs and Foxes, about six million acres, being a strip on the eastern border of Iowa, extending from the southern boundary to the Upper Iowa River. The consideration was the assumption by the United States of an indebtedness on the part of the Indians to certain traders, amounting to $50,000 and an agreement to pay annually to the Sac and Fox tribes $20,000 in specie.
The Dubuque and Maquoketa country was the home of the Fox Indians. Tama, Pienoskie, Poweshiek and Kish-Ke-Kosh were among their chiefs. These removed farther west after the Black Hawk Purchase, and, eventually, those who were living in 1842-43 were transferred to a reservation in Kansas, and, still later, to Indian Territory.
Few Indians, except the Winnebagoes, were seen in Jackson County after the first emigration of the whites. This tribe has ever been a peaceful one since the day of white settlement.
The Sioux claimed this as their territory, but gave no trouble after it began to be populated.
At the time Iowa was a part of Wisconsin Territory, there were for some years just two counties west of the Mississippi River, viz., Des Moines and Dubuque, the dividing line being between what is now Clinton and Scott Counties. When the Wisconsin Legislature met at Belmont, Wis., in October, 1836, this was the case. However, at that time, Des Moines was subdivided
324
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
into several other counties, but Dubuque County still comprised most of the State of Iowa as it is to-day.
At the meeting of the Legislature at Belmont considerable pressure was brought to bear to have the next meeting west of the Mississippi River, the territorial capital at that day being such that the Governor could carry it about in his hat and overcoat pockets. A capitalist of Galena was lobbying for Bellevue, and made the proposal to those interested that, if he could purchase half of the town plat of Bellevue, he would erect a capitol building free of charge. He did not succeed, however, in securing half the town lots, and, by so much, Bellevue missed being the capital of Wisconsin for one year at least. The Legislature met at Burlington November 10, 1837, and continued in ses- sion until January 20, 1838. During this session of the Wisconsin Legislature the County of Jackson was formed.
In deciding the boundary lines between Dubuque and Jackson Counties con- siderable feeling was manifested. Parties were there interested both in Belle- vue and Dubuque, and the quarrel was as to who should have the tier of townships of which Tete des Morts forms a part. Capt. W. A. Warren was Enrolling Clerk of the House at this meeting, and was quite well acquainted with the legislators, using his influence in securing the disputed townships for Jackson. The townships, it was admitted, by geographical location belonged to Dubuque, but Bellevue wished to be the county seat of Jackson County, and it required no great foresight to see that it would be difficult for her to hold that advantage if she did not have some townships north of her. A compro- mise was finally made, by which Tete des Morts and Prairie Springs fell to Jackson County and the townships west, to Dubuque.
After the boundaries of the county had been decided, it became necessary for the Governor to appoint an organizing Sheriff, who should arrange for an election and organize the county. Gov. Dodge inquired of Messrs. Foley, McKnight and other Senators and Representatives from Dubuque County, to name a suitable man for Sheriff. W. A. Warren, the Enrolling Clerk, who was well acquainted in the county, was consulted and recommended Charles Stowell as a suitable person.
A few days later, a petition came down the river from Bellevue, signed by nearly all the leading men of the county, asking that W. W. Brown, of Belle- vue, be appointed Sheriff. The Governor sent for Warren and told him that he could not appoint Stowell ; that he had received a petition, signed by a great number of citizens, expressing a preference for W. W. Brown. Warren told the Governor he thought there must be some mistake, for Brown bore a bad reputation, was the leader of a gang of outlaws at Bellevue, etc. He was shown the petition and compelled to acknowledge not only that the signatures were genuine, but that they were those of the best men in the county. Gov. Dodge said he would feel constrained to bow to the desire of so large a number of citizens, and appointed Brown.
The next day, the Governor again sent for Warren and showed him his (Warren's) signature, which had not been noticed on first examination, and the mystery was explained. A petition had been in circulation respecting the boundaries of the county, which was not completed until the boundary matter had been settled; so Brown had simply cut off the petition and attached another, asking his own appointment as Sheriff. Gov. Dodge finally appointed William A. Warren as organizing Sheriff of the county.
It then became Warren's duty to notify the citizens of an election to be held, and this was done with much labor and difficulty on his part, some
325
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
of the citizens, as will appear, living then in what is now Jones and Linn Counties.
Capt. Warren told us of one of his experiences in crossing the Wapsipini- con into Linn County. When he reached the bank, after heavy rains, the river was so swollen that it was impossible to ford it. It was a long distance back to the house he had left ; night was coming on and it would not be possible to retrace his steps in the darkness. Still, the river could not be crossed. War- ren lighted a fire, sat down, leaning against a tree, and spent the night with his horse close beside him. The wolves kept the night quite melodious, and to sleep would have been folly. There was nothing to do but to sit and keep up the fire.
In the morning, Warren resolved to cross the river. So, stripping off his clothing and strapping the bundle to the saddle, he struck out to swim the stream, leading his horse. This was done in safety, and Warren spent several weeks among the settlers of Linn.
Of the first election we shall speak again.
On the 6th of November, 1837, just previous to the meeting of the Legis- lature organizing Jackson County, a convention of delegates from the counties west of the Mississippi River, in Wisconsin Territory, was held at Burlington, lasting three days.
From Dubuque County these delegates were P. H. Engle, J. T. Fales, G. W. Harris, W. A. Warren, W. B. Watts, A. F. Russell, W. H. Patton, J. W. Parker, J. D. Bell and J. H. Rose. This Convention sent up to Congress three memorials -- one in regard to the pre-emption law ; a second in regard to boundary line with Missouri ; a third, requesting a separate Territorial organ- ization for the counties west of the Mississippi.
We give herewith a copy of
"MEMORIAL PRAYING FOR A DIVISION OF THE TERRITORY.
" To the Honorable, the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress assembled :
" The memorial of a general convention of delegates, from the respective counties in the Territory of Wisconsin, west of the Mississippi River, con- vened at the Capitol at Burlington, in said Territory, November 6, 1837, respectfully represents :
"That the citizens of that part of the Territory west of the Mississippi River, taking into consideration their remote and isolated position, and the vast extent of country included within the limits of the present Territory, and the utter impracticability of the same being governed as an entire whole, by the wisest and best administration of our municipal affairs, in such manner as to fully secure individual right and the right of property, as well as to maintain domestic tranquillity and the good order of society, have, by their respective representatives, convened in general convention as aforesaid for availing them- selves of their right of petition as free citizens, by representing their situation and wishes to, your honorable body, and asking for the organization of a sep- arate Territorial government over that part of the Territory west of the Missis- sippi River.
" Without in the least designing to question the official conduct of those in whose hands the fate of our infant Territory has been confided, and in whose patriotism and wisdom we have the utmost confidence, your memorialists cannot refrain from the frank expression of their belief that, taking into consideration
326
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
the geographical extent of her country, in connection with the probable popu- lation of Western Wisconsin, perhaps no Territory of the United States has been so much neglected by the parent Government, so illy protected in the political and individual rights of her citizens.
" Western Wisconsin came into the possession of our Government in June, 1833. Settlements were made and crops grown during the same season ; and even then, at that early day, was the impulse given to the mighty throng of emigration that has subsequently filled our lovely and desirable country with people, intelligence, wealth and enterprise. From that period until the present, being a little over four years, what has been the Territory of Western Wiscon- sin ? Literally and practically, a large proportion of the time, without a gov- ernment. With a population of thousands, she has remained ungoverned, and has been quietly left by the parent Government to take care of herself, without the privilege on the one hand to provide a government of her own, and without any existing authority on the other to govern her.
"From June, 1833, until June, 1834, a period of one year, there was not even the shadow of government or law in all Western Wisconsin. In June, 1834, Congress attached her to the then existing Territory of Michigan, of which Territory she nominally continued a part until July, 1836, a period of little more than two years. During the whole of this time, the whole country west, sufficient of itself for a respectable State, was included in two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines. In each of these two counties, there were holden, during the said term of two years, two terms of a County Court (a court of inferior jurisdiction) as the only sources of judicial relief up to the passage of the act of Congress creating the Territory of Wisconsin. That act took effect on the 3d day of July, 1836, and the first judicial relief afforded under that act was at the April term following, 1837, a period of nine months after its passage; subsequently to which time there has been a court holden in one solitary county in Western Wisconsin only. This, your memorialists are aware, has recently been owing to the unfortunate disposition of the esteemed and meritorious Judge of our district ; but they are equally aware of the fact that, had Western Wisconsin existed under a separate organization, we should have found relief in the services of other members of the judiciary, who are at present, in conse- quence of the great extent of our Territory and the small number of Judges dispersed at too great a distance, and too constantly engaged in the discharge of the duties of their own district, to be enabled to afford relief to other por- tions of the Territory. Thus, with a population of not less than twenty-five thousand now, and of near half that number at the organization of the Terri- tory, it will appear that we have existed as a portion of an organized Territory for sixteen months with but one term of courts only.
" Your memorialists look upon those evils as growing exclusively out of the immense extent of country included within the present boundaries of the Ter- ritory, and express their conviction and belief that nothing would so effectually remedy the evil as the organization of Western Wisconsin into a separate Terri- torial government. To this your memorialists conceive themselves entitled by principles of moral right-by the same obligation that rests upon their present government to protect them in the free enjoyment of their rights until such time as they shall be permitted to provide protection for themselves, as well as from the uniform practice and policy of the Government in relation to other Territories.
" The Territory of Indiana, including the present States of Indiana, Illinois and Michigan, and also much of the eastern portion of the present Territory of
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HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
Wisconsin, was placed under one separate Territorial government in the year 1800, at a time that the population amounted to only 5,640, or there- abouts.
" The Territory of Arkansas was erected into a distinct Territory, in 1820, with a population of about fourteen thousand. The Territory of Illinois was established in 1809, being formed by dividing the Indiana Territory. The exact population of Illinois Territory at the time of her separation from Indiana, is not known to your memorialists, but her population in 1812, one year subsequent to that event, amounted to but 11,501 whites and a few blacks -in all, to less than twelve thousand inhabitants.
" The Territory of Michigan was formed in 1805, by again dividing the Indiana Territory, of which, until then, she composed a part. The population of Michigan, at the time of her separation from Indiana, your memorialists have been unable to ascertain, but in 1810, a period of five years subsequent to her separate organization, her population amounted to but about four thousand seven hundred and sixty ; and in the year 1820, to less than nine thousand- so that Michigan existed some fifteen years, as a distinct Territory, with a population of less than half of Western Wisconsin at present ; and each of the above-named Territories, now composing so many proud and flourishing States, were created into separate Territorial governments, with a much less population than that of Western Wisconsin, and that too, at a time when the parent Gov- ernment was "burdened with a national debt of millions. Your memorialists therefore pray for the organization of separate Territorial government over that part of the Territory of Wisconsin west of the Mississippi River."
This memorial was considered favorably by Congress, and an act was approved June 12, 1838, to take effect July 3, forming a separate Territory, to be known as the Territory of Iowa.
At that time, T. P. Burnett was making a canvass of Wisconsin Territory as a candidate for Congress. One day in the latter part of June, while the first Court was being held in Bellevue, Burnett had an appointment to speak in that place. Court adjourned to hear him. While he was addressing the audience, that hot, sultry afternoon, under the shade of some trees not far from the river bank, a steamer arrived at the landing with the news that Iowa had become a separate Territory. A shout rose from those at the landing and the news was carried in a boisterous manner to the speaker's stand.
Burnett said, " Well, gentlemen, it is not necessary to hold your attention longer. I supposed I was a candidate for your vote. You will now have an Iowa man. I will cross to my own side of the river."
COUNTY ORGANIZATION.
In the settlement of the Territory, the Legislature began by organizing counties on the Mississippi. As each new county was formed, it was made to include under legal jurisdiction all the country west of it, and was required to grant to its border settlers electoral privileges and an equal share in the county government with those who properly lived within the geographical limits of the county. Thus we will discover among the early election precincts of Jackson County the territory now known as Jones and Linn Counties.
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