USA > Iowa > Jackson County > The history of Jackson County, Iowa, containing a history of the county, its cities, towns, &c., biographical sketches of citizens, war record of its volunteers in the late rebellion history of the Northwest, history of Iowa miscellaneous matters, &c > Part 52
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Jno. C. Guilfoil.
(Democrat.)
A. Alexander.
(Greenbacker.)
Jno. R. Griffin.
(Republican.)
James T. Sargeant.
(Democrat.)
C. H. O'Brien.
(Greenbacker.)
Samnel J. Tilden.
R. B. Hayes.
P. Cooper.
Bellevue.
202
225
215
200
11
209
200
16
262
207
Brandon.
61
93
55
84
16
57
75
25
125
89
17
Butler
3
162
3
147
12
6
146
12
179
3
Fairfield
20
84
22
80
23
32
72
22
92
51
6
Farmer's Creek
106
140
110
94
41
149
66
31
148
164
2
lowa
126
79
101
99
5
130
69
6
80
145
1
Jackson.
32
95
28
94
4
75
40
2
120
34
Maquoketa
157
283
116
248
79
222
127
94
207
233
13
Monmouth
150
157
125
89
92
165
47
93
96
222
7
Otter Creek
23
106
23
105
19
108
1
128
29
Perry.
126
89
134
67
12
116
89
10
86
158
Prairie Springs
13
129
14
117
11
14
115
18
176
24
Richland.
72
118
72
114
4
73
108
9
99
90
South Fork.
224
257
190
196
99
234
123
129
173
302
45
Tete des Morts.
29
104
33
100
82
101
142
21
Union
107
86
79
114
2
105
83
3
112
153
Van Buren.
117
130
143
62
43
126
62
59
122
168!
10
Washington
20
108
15
112
1
27
97
4
138
33
Totals
1588
2445
1478
2122
454
1791
1728
529
2485
2126
101
Majorities
857
644
63
359
EDUCATIONAL.
Jackson County is scarcely in a front rank in the matter of common-school education. However, there are indications of a rapid improvement. The county contains no select schools or colleges, and it would seem to be the duty of its citizens to make its public schools all they can be made.
The salaries paid to teachers are generally insufficient. The inducement is not such as will make professional teachers, and, so long as the idea remains prevalent that almost anybody can teach school, the character of the schools will be a question of unpleasant discussion.
For school purposes, Jackson County is divided into thirteen district town- ships; (i. e., where the township is under one organization for school purposes, but divided into sub-districts), thirty-seven rural independent districts and eight city independent districts. Of these latter, more special mention will be made in sections of this work upon the various towns.
In the county, there are, of ungraded schools, 137, and of graded schools, 32. We give some statistics from the County Superintendent's report for 1878 :
Average number of months taught in schools.
7.39
Number of male teachers employed during the year.
100
Number of female teachers employed during the year 165
Average compensation for male teachers $36.77
22.28
Number of children between five and twenty-one years of age.
8,950
Average attendance at school.
3,958
(Electors.)
(Electors.)
TOWNSHIPS.
(Democrat.)
(Electors.)
Average compensation for female teachers.
445
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
Tuition per month for each pupil S 1.39
Value of schoolhouses in the county. 134,393
Number of teachers who have received first grade certificates. 21
Number of teachers who have received second grade certificates. 9
Number of teachers who have received third grade certificates. 19]
Number of applications for certificates rejected.
58
The average age of teachers, male
29
The average age of teachers, female. 21
Almost every variety of text-books in the country are used in the various schools: The list shows seven varieties of readers, nine arithmetics, eight geographies, and eight grammars.
We quote as follows from the report of County Superintendent Fort, made October, 1878 :
" The schools of this county have been subjected to too many tidal waves. The better qualified officials receive the poorest compensation and least support by county officials ; but the more intelligent class encourage them in their work. The abuse of privileges delegated to County Superintendents, incompetent officials, the uncertainty of retaining positions, and poor compensation, have almost ruined the schools of this county. Among a certain class, there is a strong public sentiment in favor of abolishing the office of County Superintendent, and, should Jackson County be subjected to changes in the future as in the past, the office being the mere caprice of politicians, our schools will receive a blow which they will not survive. The usual complaint is that the Superinten- dent's office costs too much money ; the schools are expensive burdens; that the people are taxed excessively to obtain a little education, which our forefathers acquired in a few weeks in a primitive cabin. Another detriment is a reduction of teacher's compensation, consequent upon the hard times.
* * * *
* *
" Our Teachers' Normal Institute has given a new impetus to the cause of education in this county, and its unquestionable success has done more to create a healthy public sentiment than all other instrumentalities combined. A more earnest and faithful set of teachers than those at Bellevne in August, never assembled. The interest increased from the beginning until the close of the Institute. The number enrolled was 128. Average number belonging, 108.05. This attendance does not include the instructors, most of whom were teachers in the county. Nearly sixty school journals were subscribed for. Out of 278 applicants for certificates, during the year, only twenty-four were taking a school journal.
" A new departure has been taken in the method of granting certificates. Every teacher is put on trial, and none given graded certificates until they have proven themselves successful in the schoolroom. This has given new vigor to the teachers striving to improve their qualifications."
The graded schools of Jackson County, for 1878, were as follows :
DISTRICT.
Months taught.
Number of Assistant Teachers.
Name of Principal.
Salary of Principal.
Andrew
9
2
W. H. Palmer
$315
Baldwin
9
1
Charles Miller
450
Bellevue
9
9
D. D. Ford.
720
Maquoketa
9
C. C. Dudley
900
Miles
1
W. M. Wright
450
Monmouth
8
1
J. W. Wright
400
Sabula
10
3
Henry Heaton
650
Preston
9
2
J. A. IIolmes
405
446
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
County Normal Institutes have been held each year, according to the pro- vision made by the State, each year since 1874. We give herewith a tabulated statement of the same, so far as we were able to learn.
Place of Meeting.
Time.
Name of Conductor.
Number of Teachers Attending.
Maqnoketa
Ang. 10-28, 1874 .. ..
|D. A. Fletcher.
140
Preston
Oct. 25-Nov. 5, 1875 .. W. E. Crosby.
54
Maquoketa
Aug. 21-Sept. 1, 1876. J. C. Gilchrist.
107
Maquoketa
Aug. 13-Sept. 1, 1877. J. C. Gilchrist ..
Bellevue
Aug. 16-30, 1878 ...... |H. L. Bolt wood.
128
The Institute for 1879 is to be held in Maquoketa, beginning August 18 and continuing two weeks, and is to be conducted by Prof. H. L. Boltwood, with J. R. Bowman, of Davenport, as First Assistant.
County institutes had been held for a number of years prior to the estab- lishment of a County Normal, but it is impossible to give a complete account of them. Suffice it to say, the teachers of tlre county are realizing that they have a community of interest, that exchange of views is profitable, and that they are engaged in a work which is becoming a profession instead of a craft, and, if they would keep pace with the times, their place in the ranks must not be vacant at the annual review.
We give, herewithi, a list of teachers in the county who have taught to exceed forty months of school, with the number of months taught :
Name.
Months Taught.
Name.
Months Taught.
HI. E. French
45
Miss M. M. Ryon.
60
E. J. Kellogg.
Miss Frank Snyder
54
Beniger Phelps 66
George W. McCreary 135
Miss Jennie Buttolph.
90
F. H. Budde .. 56
Miss Annie E. Tobin
72
Miss M. J. Ross
60
Miss Emma Stevens
7.2
Miss Emma A. Ross
42
%. Dolph.
72
A. A. Taft
45
G. P. Garretson 162
Miss Emma L. Nott
63
Miss Melissa Huntingdon.
42
Mrs. M. A. Cain.
66
Miss Amy V. Rhodes
48
J. A. Holmes.
63
George W. Edwards
63
Miss Charlotte Cundill.
78
Miss Martha Stewart.
45
H. S. Bowman.
63
Mary E. Galloway .
114
Patrick Dunne.
48
Miss Louisa Adams.
42
F. E. Smith
63
Miss Gertrude Lambertson
42
Mrs. M. A. Bochius.
72
T. P. McCormick
108
Mrs. Jennie Geiger.
42
Thomas Orr
51
Sister M. Sebastian
69
The Jackson County Sabbath-School Association .- This Association was organized in the M. E. Church at Andrew, August 12, 1868, at the call of Rev. O. Emerson, as an auxiliary to the Iowa State Sunday-School Associa- tion. The officers elected at that meeting were : Rev. O. Emerson, President ; J. M. Fitzgerald, R. B. Chase and Dr. Isbel, Vice Presidents ; Rev. G. W. Torrence, Secretary and Treasurer.
A Secretary was appointed for each township. After a two-days' session, spent mostly in the discussion of Sabbath-school work and methods, the Asso- ciation adjourned.
The next meeting was held in the Baptist Church in Maquoketa, beginning May 11, 1869, and continuing three days.
A meeting was held in the M. E. Church at Bellevue, November 9, 1869, at which about sixty delegates were in attendance.
108
Ultra Intiett (Carman)
449
HISTORY OF. JACKSON COUNTY.
Annual meetings have been held as follows, since the date last above given :
Place.
Date.
President.
Secretary.
Sabula.
May 17 and 18, 1870 B. F. Thomas,
B. C. Barnes.
Maquoketa
May 10 and 11, 1871. B. F. Tilley (pro.tem).
John Gilmore.
Andrew
May 28 and 29, 1872. G. W. Torrence.
John Gilmore.
Maquoketa
May 27 and 28, 1873. Rev. O. Emerson
R. W. Milner.
Unknown
Andrew
May 18 and 19, 1875. Rev. O. Emerson
N. F. Hoyt.
Unknown
Maquoketa
Oct. 19, 20, 21, 1877.
W. C. Gregory ..
Cyrus Cort.
Maquoket
Oct. 25. 26, 27, 1878 ... W. C. Gregory
Cyrus Cort.
In 1870, the annual report showed a total enrollment of 3,071 members of Sabbath schools belonging to the Convention.
The present officers of the Association are: W. C. Gregory, President; S. F. Millikan, Vice President ; T. E. Blanchard, Secretary ; Executive Commit- tee, Joseph Ade, J. C. Magee, T. J. Keith.
COUNTY OFFICERS.
Herewith we present the roster of the county officers, as well as of the Judges and members of the State Legislature who have received a majority of the votes of and have represented the people of Jackson County since the time of its organization. The election records of the county do not exist prior to 1857, and this list was prepared with much labor, and we regret to be com- pelled to present it containing a few omissions.
Some of our readers may not be aware that that department of our county government now in the hands of the Board of Supervisors was originally in charge of a court or board of three Commissioners; these were as follows, the term beginning in September of the year named :
1838-William Jonas, William Morden and J. Leonard; 1839-E. A. Wood, William Morden, William Lee; 1840-George Watkins, A. W. Pence, E. A. Wood ; 1841-John Francis, Georgo Watkins, E. A. Wood; 1842- John Silsbee, William Morden, David Swaney; 1843-David Burke, David Swaney, -; 1844-E. G. Potter, David Burke, David Swaney ; 1845-D. L. Swaney, David Burke, E. G. Potter; 1846-David Burke, D. L. Swaney, J. L. Kirkpatrick ; 1847-D. L. Swaney, David Burke, W. T. Wynkoop; 1848-David Burke, W. T. Wynkoop, George F. Green ; 1849- George F. Green, W. T. Wynkoop, Luke Patten; 1850-David Montague, George F. Green, W. T. Wynkoop.
In 1851, by a change in the laws of Iowa, the administration of county affairs was placed in the hands of a County Judge. The County Judges of Jackson County were :
1851 to 1857-D. F. Spurr; 1857 to 1860-J. Kelso; 1860 to 1861- J. H. Smith ; 1861 to 1863-P. B. Bradley ; 1863 to 1867-A. L. 'Palmer ; 1867 to 1869-J. S. Darling.
The office of County Judge was modified in 1861 so as to have jurisdiction only over probate matters. It was finally abolished In 1869.
The administration of county affairs was placed in the hands of a board of eighteen Supervisors in 1861, one Supervisor being elected from each town- ship. Nine members were elected each year, for the term of two years. At
450
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
the organization of the Board, it was divided, by lot, into two divisions equally -one division to serve one year, and the other two.
1861, Short term-N. Kilborn, H. Burke, E. Larkey, D. Blakesley, J. M. Fitzgerald, D. T. Farr, J. W. Wilson, J. Harrington, J. Clark ; Long term -- J. Ryan, W. Davis, H. Green, V. S. Gray, Thomas Ray, J. Reagan, H. Farr, A. Reiling, J. Hilsinger.
1862-D. Burke, W. B. Whitley, W. E. Reed, P. Mitchell, Joseph Hun- ter, J. A. Tritz, Alexander Reed, A. Wood.
1863-J. B. Miller, William Davis, H. Green, Henry Todd, J. Reagan, M. Goddard, James Dunne, J. Harrington, J. Fitzgerald, J. Hilsinger.
1864-William Rice, Thomas E. Cannell, P. C. Burke, J. S. Thompson, Jas. L. Taylor, Alexander Galloway, John Wilson, W. T. Wynkoop, J. A. Tritz. 1865-John Hilsinger, James Dunne, J. Ryan, John Watson, William Davis, W. S. Belden, J. C. Shaupp, George Hamilton, James Clark.
1866-N. Kilborn, J. L. Taylor, John Hutchins, P. B. Jameson, H. G. Haskell, Z. De Groat, John Holroyd, J. R. Plumb, F. W. Crane, W. H .. Reed.
1867-B. F. Thomas, William Davis, James Dunne, F. W. Crane, J. W. Dillrance, John Donnelly, John A. Tritz, J. K. Hurshburger, H. Heckert.
1868-William A. Warren, William H. Reed, Otto Schmidt, John Holroyd, D. D. Cotton, J. L. Taylor, D. S. Haight, John Redden, E. K. Dutton.
1869-J. Hilsinger, John Watson, F. W. Crane, J. A. Tritz, J. M. Fitz- gerald, N. A. Kimball, J. P. Manders, J. Dunne, J. H. Spray, W. A. Warren. 1870-Alexander Reed, N. C. White, Arnold Reiling, John Holroyd, Z. De Groat, T. E. Cannell, John Redden, J. L. Taylor, C. L. Clossen.
In 1871, the system was changed to a Board of three members. The Boards for the remaining years were as follows :
1871-John Holroyd, Chairman ; Arnold Reiling, A. M. Phillips.
1872-Arnold Reiling, Chairman ; John Holroyd, James Dunne.
1873-James Dunne, Chairman ; John Holroyd, Myron Collins.
1874-James Dunne, Chairman ; Myron Collins, George H. Trumbull.
About this time was submitted to the people the question of increasing the Board of Supervisors to five members. The vote was in favor of increasing the number of Supervisors.
1875-Myron Collins, Chairman ; James Dunne, D. T. Farr, N. A. Kim- ball, George H. Trumbull.
1876-G. H. Trumbull, Chairman ; James Dunne, D. T. Farr, N. A. Kim- ball, Henry Schlatterer.
1877-James Dunne, Chairman ; D. T. Farr, N. A. Kimball, A. Reiling, W. C. Morden.
1878-W. C. Morden, Chairman; S. S. Simpson, James Dunne, B. A. Spencer, S. B. Wells.
1879-James Dunne, Chairman ; W. C. Morden, S. B. Wells, B. A. Spen- cer, Frank Schlect.
Sheriff .- 1838 to 1845, W. A. Warren ; 1845, Ansell Briggs; 1846, John G. Nichols; 1847 to 1853, James Watkins; 1853 to 1855, John Foley ; 1855 to 1857, James Watkins; 1859 to 1861, John Foley; 1861 to 1865, James Watkins; 1866 to 1868, W. S. Belden; 1868 to 1874, M. S. Allen ; 1874 to 1878, John O. Bard; 1878, T. H. Davis, present incumbent.
Auditor .- This office was instituted in 1869. 1870 to 1874, T. E. Blanchard; 1874 to 1878, A. J. House; 1878, W. C. Gregory, the present incumbent.
451
-
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
TOWNSHIP OFFICERS FOR 1879.
Bellevue Township .- M. S. Dunne, Collector ; W. A. Warren, John Camp- bell, Joseph Schwirtz, Justices ; A. G. Kegler, Clerk ; James A. Farrell, Assessor ; J. P. Keiffer, John L. Cannon, M. V. Smith and Harry Adams, Constables.
Brandon Township .- Samuel Clark, Collector ; J. W. Mccullough, Clerk ; Shepherd Caven, Assessor ; Washington Snodgrass, H. Keister, Justices ; George Metheny and S. R. Bickford, Constables.
Butler Township .- Dennis Courtney, Collector; John Courtney, Clerk ; Michael Callahan, Assessor ; James Flynn, John O'Keefe, Justices ; M. Crow- ley and James McLaughlin, Constables.
Fairfield Township .- John Haylock, Collector; D. Sweet, Clerk ; James Dunham, James Blakely, Justices ; Booth Dunham, Lyman Thurston, Con- stables ; A. W. Richardson, Assessor.
Farmers' Creek Township .- W. B. Whitley, Collector; A. G. Fisher, Clerk ; W. C. Fenton, Assessor ; Samuel Roush, W. P. Ward, Justices ; James McDonald, J. W. Fenton, Constables.
Iowa Township .- John S. Ray, Collector ; C. R. Corlis, Clerk ; William R. Walker, Assessor ; T. J. Allen, S. Colter, Justices ; William Marr, George Joannin, Constables.
Jackson Township .- Henry Budde, Collector; H. A. Sisler, Clerk; Lorenz Wagner, Assessor ; Nich. Rollin, J. L. Taylor, Justices ; John Heidgerken, Bernard Haveland, Constables.
Maquoketa Township .- Quincy Farr, Clerk ; C. H. Haskell, Assessor; R. Perham, H. H. Mitchell, D. P. Smith, Justices ; L. H. Shrigley, Murray Eaton, P. A. Truax, Constables.
Monmouth Township .- William Dickenson, Collector; Joseph Wilcox, Clerk ; W. I. Cram, Assessor ; D. A. Waterman, Edward Baldwin, Justices ; L. D. Watson, Thomas Brock, Constables.
Otter Creek Township .- James Courtney, Collector; Tobias Hickson, Clerk ; James Courtney, Assessor ; Daniel Wagoner, Isaac Reed, Justices ; Charles G. Waters, John Heeney, Constables.
Perry Township .- O. P. Butterworth, Collector ; W. O. Kelley, Clerk ; J. W. Scott, Collector ; Thomas Ray, J. Y. Buchanan, Justices ; T. M. Ham- ilton, J. C. Rigby, Constables.
Prairie Springs Township .- N. B. Nemmers, Collector; N. A. Hoffman, Clerk ; John Nemmers, Assessor ; N. B. Nemmers, N. A. Hoffman, Justices ; John Nemmers, Peter Sutton, Constables.
Richland Township .- John Manderscheid, Collector ; James Hayes, Clerk ; John Manderscheid, Assessor ; James Hayes, J. D. Nullinan, Justices ; David M. Wall, Henry Polders, Constables.
South Fork Township .- G. B. Orcutt, Clerk ; S. M. Crane, Assessor; W. H. Fuller, H. B. French, William Burleson, Justices ; W. L. Shrigley, A. W. Flathers, Peter Kaler, Constables.
Tete des Morts Township .- Theodore Hoxmeir, Collector ; Theodore Hox- meir, Clerk ; Nich Portz, Assessor; Theodore IIoxmeir, W. H. Simpson, Justices ; Nich Portz, Fred. Etting, Jr., Constables.
Union Township .-- E. S. Day, Collector ; J. J. Gray. Clerk ; H. C. Simp- son, Assessor ; J. G. Sugg, J. S. Dille, R. C. Westbrook, Justices ; John Snyder, Thomas Lambert, Constables.
452
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
Van Buren Township .- Otto Schmidt, Collector ; J. D. Farley, Clerk ; Charles Wager, Assessor ; E. De Groat, H. Specht, Justices; George McCaw- ber, E. J. Kennedy, Constables.
Washington Township .- W. H. Reed, Clerk ; W. H. Beattie, Assessor ; A. Reed, Henry Hogodon, Justices ; F. R. Dilto, John McKinney, Constables.
Recorder .- 1838 to 1841, John Howe; 1842-45, John G. McDonald ; 1845-47, John Rice; 1847-49, S. S. Fenn; 1849-53, J. H. Smith; 1853-57, John Pope ; 1859-61, R. B. Wyckoff; 1862-63, F. Mullen; 1864, W. B. Whitley; 1865-66, W. L. Redmond; 1867-68, B. Van Steenburg; 1869-72, John Donnelly; 1872, J. R. Griffin, present incumbent.
Treasurer .- 1839-42, John Sublett; 1842-43, Nathaniel Butterworth ; 1843-44, W. H. Graves; 1844-45, S. S. Fenn ; 1845-46, Robert Reed. From 1847 until 1864, the Recorder performed the duties of Treasurer as well. (See list of Recorders above.) 1865-66, R. M. Smith; 1867-73, James A. Bryan ; 1874-77, John Donnelly ; 1878, M. Mahoney was elected and is the present incumbent.
County Superintendent of Schools .- The office was established in 1859 ; 1860-61, W. L. Redmond; 1862-63, Allen Palmer; 1864-67, D. A. Fletcher; 1868-69, T. C. Phelan ; 1870-71, J. W. Fleming; 1872-73, A. J. House ; 1864-77, N. C. White; 1878, W. H. Fort, the present incumbent.
Coroner .- 1839, James L. Kirkpatrick ; 1840-41, Anson Newberry ; 1842 -43, N. Said; 1853-54, J. G. Graham ; 1855-56, T. J. Pearce; 1857-59, -; 1860-61, J. F. Fairbank; 1862-63, T. J. Pearce; 1864-65, Coleman Amos ; 1866-67, J. F. Fairbank ; 1868-73, J. W. Eckles : 1874-75, A. S. Carnahan; 1876, J. W. Eckles, present incumbent.
Surveyor .- 1839-43, John G. McDonald; 1844, F. Scarborough; 1853, Andrew Woods; 1856-57, S. C. Wilson; 1859-65, William C. Darling; 1866 -67, S. C. Wilson; 1868, A. C. Simpson, who is the present incumbent.
Clerk of District Court .- First Clerk, John H. Rose; second, James K. Moss; third, J. G. McDonald; 1843-44, P. B. Bradley; 1845-49, Thomas Marshall ; 1849-53, Frederick Scarborough ; 1854-59, J. M. Brakey; 1860 -64, Frederick Scarborough ; 1865-74, E. J. Holmes ; 1875-76, J. S. Ray ; 1877, J. C. Guilfoil, who is the present Clerk.
Judge of District Court .- Charles Dunn, of Wisconsin Territory, held the first term of court here, in June, 1838; Charles Mason, in September, 1838; 1839-46, T. S. Wilson; 1847 to 1852, James Grant ; 1852, T. S. Wilson ; 1853, William E. Leffingwell ; 1854, J. B. Booth; 1855-56, William H. Tut- hill; 1857-58, A. II. Bennett; 1859-63, John F. Dillon; 1864-71, J. S. Rich- man ; 1871-75, William F. Brannan; 1875, Walter I. Hayes, now presiding.
Probate Judge .- 1839-40, J. K. Moss; 1840-42, Anson Harrington ; 1843-45, W. S. Brown; 1845-55, Joseph Palmer; 1851-57, D. F. Spurr: 1857-59, J. Kelso; 1859-61, J. H. Smith; 1861-63, P. B. Bradley ; 1864 -67, A. L. Palmer ; 1868-69, J. S. Darling. At this date the probate busi- ness was transferred by law to the Circuit Court; 1869-72, George B. Young ; 1872, Daniel W. Ellis, now presiding.
LEGISLATIVE REPRESENTATION.
The county of Jackson was represented in the Territorial Council, which corresponded to our State Senate, in 1838-39 by Stephen Hempstead, who was elected by this and several adjoining counties ; 1840-41, by J. S. Kirkpatrick ; 1842-43, by Thomas Cox ; 1844, by Philip P. Bradley.
453
HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
Senators .- 1846-48, P. B. Bradley ; 1850, Nathan G. Sales ; 1852-54, E. F. Clark ; 1856-58, J. W. Jenkins ; 1860-62, George F. Green ; 1864-66, John Hilsinger; 1868-70, L. B. Dunham ; 1872-74, L. W. Stuart ; 1876-78, W. A. Maginnis.
Representatives (under Territorial Government) .- First, Second and Third Legislative Assemblies, 1838-39-40, Thomas Cox ; Fourth Legislative Assem- bly, 1841, James K. Moss ; Fifth Legislative Assembly, 1842, Ansel Briggs ; Sixth Legislative Assembly, 1843, John Foley ; Seventh Legislative Assembly, 1844, James Leonard; Eighth Legislative Assembly, 1845, Thomas Graham.
Iowa was organized as a State in 1846. The first State Legislature met at Iowa City November 30.
House .- 1846, S. G. Matson, George F. Green; 1848, Dennis A. Mahoney, Nathan G. Sales ; 1850, R. B. Wyckoff, John E. Goodenow ; 1852, George F. Green, L. Wasson ; 1854, J. P. Edie, Thomas S. Smith ; 1856, William Mor- den, J. K. Hershburger ; 1858, P. B. Bradley, T. Millsap; 1860, P. B. Mccullough, William H. Reed; 1862, Ebenezer Dorr. J. P. Eaton ; 1864, Ebenezer Dorr, Henry Green ; 1866, John Wilson, Alva Mclaughlin ; 1868, J. R. Plumb, L. W. Stuart ; 1870, James Dunne, Emery Degroat ; 1862, George C. Heberling, W. H. Reed; 1874, George C. Heberling, P. Mitchell ; 1876, L. W. Stuart, W. H. Reed; 1878, P. B. Bradley, J. W. Miles.
The first Constitutional Convention met at Iowa City in October, 1844. Jackson County was represented by J. S. Kirkpatrick, William Morden and R. B. Wyckoff. In the second Constitutional Convention, which met May 4, 1846, Jackson County was represented by William Hubbell. The third Con- stitutional Convention, held at Iowa City in 1857, had as a delegate from Jackson County Capt. William A. Warren.
WAR HISTORY.
In the Presidential election in 1860, Jackson County cast 3,021 votes for President. During the two years following, according to the Adjutant Gen- eral's report, the county furnished 1,288 men to put down the rebellion, or upward of 40 per cent of the entire voting population of the county.
The thunderbolt of war found Jackson County engaged in the arts of peace. Her sons were enlisted in the conquest waged by mankind over nature, and from both stubborn and willing soil was being drawn the wealth of fruitful harvests and fattening herds. By the rebellion the peace and prosperity of the county was disturbed. The withdrawal of almost one-half the able-bodied popu- lation could not do otherwise than interfere very materially with the progress of the community. All this, however, was forgotten in the impulse and feeling of patriotism which led such a multitude of heroes to sacrifice fortune, com- fort, and frequently life itself, in defense of their country.
To many the war was a surprise. "When immediately surrounded with peace and tranquillity, they paid little attention to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of others ; aye, even trafficking in the offspring of their own loins." The war was upon them, the cannon thundering within the nation's very gates, before the people of the Northwest awoke to the issues at stake.
It was on the 12th day of April, 1861, when Fort Sumter, near Charleston, S. C., was fired upon by what the more charitable of the nation believed to be a drunken mob. But the surrender of Capt. Anderson, made necessary by the
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HISTORY OF JACKSON COUNTY.
murderous and continued fire of the enemy's guns, awakened the entire North from a dream of fancied security and an unbroken Union.
" When the cloud of treason darkened Freedom's light in Sumter's sky, Bravely stepped they forth to battle, They to conquer or to die."
Three days after the assault upon the South Carolina fort, Abraham Lincoln, the savior of the Union, sent forth his first call upon the wings of lightning, flashing into every city and town from the St. Croix to the Missouri River the need of troops to suppress a combination against the Union and execute the laws. This call was for 75,000 troops, and the quota from Iowa was a single regiment. This and more was promptly filled.
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