Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of Edgar County, Part 1

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn
Publication date: 1905
Publisher: Chicago : Munsell
Number of Pages: 876

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A. Lincoln

HISTORICAL

ENCYCLOPEDIA

ILLINOIS

EDITED BY

NEWTON BATEMAN, LL. D.

PAUL SELBY, A. M.

ESTATE

SOVEREIGNTY

AND HISTORY OF

EDGAR COUNTY

EDITED BY

H. VAN SELLAR.

ILLUSTRATED.

CHICAGO: MUNSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1905.

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PREFACE.

Why publish this book? There should be many and strong reasons to warrant such an undertaking. Are there such reasons? What considerations are weighty enough to have induced the publishers to make this venture? and what special claims has Illinois to such a distinction? These are reasonable and inevitable inquiries, and it is fitting they should receive attention.

In the first place, good State Histories are of great importance and value, and there is abundant and cheering evidence of an increasing popular interest in them. This is true of all such works, whatever States may be their subjects; and it is conspicuously true of Illi- nois, for the following, among many other reasons: Because of its great prominence in the early history of the West as the seat of the first settlements of Europeans northwest of the Ohio River ---- the unique character of its early civilization, due to or resulting from its early French population brought in contact with the aborigines-its political, military, and educa- tional prominence-its steadfast loyalty and patriotism-the marvelous development of its vast resources-the number of distinguished statesmen, generals, and jurists whom it has furnished to the Government, and its grand record in the exciting and perilous conflicts on the Slavery question.

This is the magnificent Commonwealth, the setting forth of whose history, in all of its essential departments and features, seemed to warrant the bringing out of another volume devoted to that end. Its material has been gathered from every available source, and most carefully examined and sifted before acceptance. Especial care has been taken in collecting material of a biographical character ; facts and incidents in the personal history of men identi- fied with the life of the State in its Territorial and later periods. This material has been gathered from a great variety of sources widely scattered, and much of it quite inaccessible to the ordinary inquirer. The encyclopedic form of the work favors conciseness and com- pactness, and was adopted with a view to condensing the largest amount of information within the smallest practicable space.

And so the Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois was conceived and planned in the belief that it was needed; that no other book filled the place it was designed to occupy, or fur- nished the amount, variety and scope of information touching the infancy and later life of Illinois, that would be found in its pages. In that belief, and in furtherance of those ends, the book has been constructed and its topics selected and written. Simplicity, perspicuity, conciseness and accuracy have been the dominant aims and rules of its editors and writers. The supreme mission of the book is to record, fairly and truthfully, historical facts; facts of the earlier and later history of the State, and drawn from the almost innumerable sources connected with that history; facts of interest to the great body of our people, as well as to scholars, officials, and other special classes; a book convenient for reference in the school, the office, and the home. Hence, no attempt at fine writing, no labored, irrelevant and

PREFACE.

long-drawn accounts of matters, persons or things, which really need but a few plain words for their adequate elucidation, will be found in its pages. On the other hand, perspicuity and fitting development are never intentionally sacrificed to mere conciseness and brevity. Whenever a subject, from its nature, demands a more elaborate treatment-and there are many of this character-it is handled accordingly.

As a rule, the method pursued is the separate and topical, rather than the chronological, as being more satisfactory and convenient for reference. That is, each topic is considered separately and exhaustively, instead of being blended, chronologically, with others. To pass from subject to subject, in the mere arbitrary order of time, is to sacrifice simplicity and order to complexity and confusion.

Absolute freedom from error or defect in all cases, in handling so many thousands of items, is not claimed, and could not reasonably be expected of any finite intelligence; since, in complicated cases, some element may possibly elude its sharpest scrutiny. But every statement of fact, made hierein without qualification, is believed to be strictly correct, and the statistics of the volume, as a whole, are submitted to its readers with entire confidence.

Considerable space is also devoted to biographical sketches of persons deemed worthy of mention, for their close relations to the State in some of its varied interests, political, gov- ernmental, financial, social, religious, educational, industrial, commercial, economical, mili- tary, judicial or otherwise; or for their supposed personal deservings in other respects. It is believed that the extensive recognition of such individuals, by the publishers, will not be disapproved or regretted by the public; that personal biography has an honored, useful and legitimate place in such a history of Illinois as this volume aims to be, and that the omission of such a department would seriously detract from the completeness and value of the book. Perhaps no more delicate and difficult task has confronted the editors and publishers than the selection of names for this part of the work.

While it is believed that no unworthy name has a place in the list, it is freely admitted that there may be many others, equally or possibly even more worthy, whose names do not appear, partly for lack of definite and adequate information, and partly because it was not deemed best to materially increase the space devoted to this class of topics.

And so, with cordial thanks to the publishers for the risks they liave so cheerfully assumed in this enterprise, for their business energy, integrity, and determination, and their uniform kindness and courtesy; to the many who have so generously and helpfully promoted the success of the work, by their contributions of valuable information, interesting reminis- cences, and rare incidents; to Mr. Paul Selby, the very able associate editor, to whom especial honor and credit are due for his most efficient, intelligent and scholarly services; to Hon. Harvey B. Hurd, Walter B. Wines, and to all others who have, by word or act, encouraged us in this enterprise-with grateful recognition of all these friends and helpers, the Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois, with its thousands of topics and many thousands of details, items and incidents, is now respectfully submitted to the good people of the State, for whom it has been prepared, in the earnest hope and confident belief that it will be found instructive, convenient and useful for the purposes for which it was designed.

BrutonBater Editor-in- chief.

Paul Selly

PREFATORY STATEMENT.

Since the bulk of the matter contained in this volume was practically completed and ready for the press, Dr. Newton Bateman, who occupied the relation to it of editor-in-chief, has passed beyond the sphere of mortal existence. In placing the work before the public, it therefore devolves upon the undersigned to make this last prefatory statement.

As explained by Dr. Bateman in his preface, the object had in view in the preparation of a "Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois" has been to present, in compact and concise form, the leading facts of Territorial and State history, from the arrival of the earliest French explorers in Illinois to the present time. This has included an outline history of the State, under the title, "Illinois," supplemented by special articles relating to various crises and eras in State history; changes in form of government and administration; the history of Consti- tutional Conventions and Legislative Assemblies; the various wars in which Illinoisans have taken part, with a summary of the principal events in the history of individual military organizations engaged in the Civil War of 1861-65, and the War of 1898 with Spain ; lists of State officers, United States Senators and Members of Congress, with the terms of each; the organization and development of political divisions; the establishment of charitable and educational institutions; the growth of public improvements and other enterprises which have marked the progress of the State; natural features and resources; the history of early newspapers, and the growth of religious denominations, together with general statistical information and unusual or extraordinary occurrences of a local or general State character -. all arranged under topical heads, and convenient for ready reference by all seeking informa- tion on these subjects, whether in the family, in the office of the professional or business man, in the teacher's study and the school-room, or in the public library.

While individual or collected biographies of the public men of Illinois have not been wholly lacking or few in number-and those already in existence have a present and con- stantly increasing value-they have been limited, for the most part, to special localities and particular periods or classes. Rich as the annals of Illinois are in the records and character of its distinguished citizens who, by their services in the public councils, upon the judicial bench and in the executive chair, in the forum and in the field, have reflected honor upon the State and the Nation, there has been hitherto no comprehensive attempt to gather together, in one volume, sketches of those who have been conspicuous in the creation and upbuilding of the State. The collection of material of this sort has been a task requiring patient and laborious research ; and, while all may not have been achieved in this direction that was desirable, owing to the insufficiency or total absence of data relating to the lives of many men most prominent in public affairs during the period to which they belonged, it is still believed that what has been accomplished will be found of permanent value and be appreciated by those most deeply interested in this phase of State history.

The large number of topics treated has made brevity and conciseness an indispensable feature of the work; consequently there has been no attempt to indulge in graces of style or

PREFATORY STATEMENT.

elaboration of narrative. The object has been to present, in simple language and concise form, facts of history of interest or value to those who may choose to consult its pages. Absolute inerrancy is not claimed for every detail of the work, but no pains has been spared, and every available authority consulted, to arrive at complete accuracy of statement.

In view of the important bearing which railroad enterprises have had upon the extraor- dinary development of the State within the past fifty years, considerable space has been given to this department, especially with reference to the older lines of railroad whose history has been intimately interwoven with that of the State, and its progress in wealth and population.

In addition to the acknowledgments made by Dr. Bateman, it is but proper that I should express my personal obligations to the late Prof. Samuel M. Inglis, State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, and his assistant, Prof. J. H. Freeman; to ex-Senator John M. Palmer, of Springfield; to the late Hon. Joseph Medill, editor of "The Chicago Tribune"; to the Hon. James B. Bradwell, of "The Chicago Legal News"; to Gen. Green B. Raum, Dr. Samuel Willard, and Dr. Garrett Newkirk, of Chicago (the latter as author of the prin- cipal portions of the article on the "Underground Railroad") ; to the Librarians of the State Historical Library, the Chicago Historical Library, and the Chicago Public Library, for special and valuable aid rendered, as well as to a large circle of correspondents in different parts of the State who have courteously responded to requests for information on special topics, and have thereby materially aided in securing whatever success may have been attained in the work.

In conclusion, I cannot omit to pay tlris final tribute to the memory of my friend and associate, Dr. Bateman, whose death, at his home in Galesburg, on October 21, 1897, was deplored, not only by his associates in the Faculty of Knox College, his former pupils and immediate neighbors, but by a large circle of friends in all parts of the State.

Although his labors as editor of this volume had been substantially finished at the time . of his death (and they included the reading and revision of every line of copy at that time prepared, comprising the larger proportion of the volume as it now goes into the hands of the public), the enthusiasm, zeal and kindly appreciation of the labor of others which he brought to the discharge of his duties, have been sadly missed in the last stages of prepara- tion of the work for the press. In the estimation of many who have held his scholarship and his splendid endowments of mind and character in the highest admiration, his con- nection with the work will be its strongest commendation and the surest evidence of its merit.

With myself, the most substantial satisfaction I have in dismissing the volume from my hands and submitting it to the judgment of the public, exists in the fact that, in its prepara- tion, I have been associated with such a co-laborer-one whose abilities commanded uni- versal respect, and whose genial, scholarly character and noble qualities of mind and heart won the love and confidence of all with whom he came in contact, and whom it had been my privilege to count as a friend from an early period in his long and useful career.

Paul Selby, Associate Editor

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Abraham Lincoln (Frontispiece) PAGE

Annex Central Hospital for Insane, Jacksonville 84

Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, Lincoln 237

Asylum for Incurable Insane, Bartonville

Bateman, Newton (Portrait) 85

Board of Trade Building, Chicago 277

"Chenu Mansion," Kaskaskia (1898), where La Fayette was entertained in 1825 315

Chicago Academy of Sciences

394

Chicago Drainage Canal

Chicago Historical Society Building 394

Chicago Public Buildings 395

Chicago Thoroughfares 93

Chief Chicagou (Portrait)

246

Comparative Size of Great Canals.

Day after Chicago Fire.

Early Historic Scenes, Chicago

Early Historic Scenes, Chicago (No. 2)

171

Engineering Hall, University of Illinois

280

Experiment Farm, University of Illinois.

Experiment Farm, University of Illinois-The Vineyard . .

Experiment Farm, University of Illinois-Orchard Cultivation

First Illinois State House, Kaskaskia (1818)

314

Fort Dearborn from the West (1808)

246

Fort Dearborn from Southeast (1808)

247

Fort Dearborn (1853)

247

General John Edgar's House, Kaskasia

315

Henry de Tonty (Portrait) 246

House of Governor Bond, Old Kaskaskia (1891) 315

House of Chief Ducoign, the last of the Kaskaskias (1893) 314

Home for Juvenile Female Offenders, Geneva 236

Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Quincy. 438

Illinois State Normal University, Normal. 504

Illinois State Capitol, Springfield 240

Illinois State Building, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 601

Illinois State Penitentiary, Joliet 306

Illinois State Penitentiary-Cell House and Women's Prison 307

Illinois State Reformatory, Pontiac 493

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE"

Institution for Deaf and Dumb, Jacksonville. 300 Interior of Room, Kaskaskia Hotel (1893) where La Fayette Banquet was held in 1825 314 Institution for the Blind, Jacksonville. 301 Kaskaskia Hotel, where La Fayette was fêted in 1825 (as it appeared, 1893) 314 La Salle (Portrait) 246

Library Building, University of Illinois

334

Library Building-Main Floor-University of Illinois 335

Map of Burned District, Chicago Fire, 1871

276

Map of Grounds, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 600

Map of Illinois Following Title Page

Map of Illinois River Valley 66 66

McCormick Seminary, Chicago 362.

Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago 90

Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago 206

Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago 207

Natural History Hall, University of Illinois. 151

Newberry Library, Chicago 394

Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin 402

Old Kaskaskia, from Garrison Hill (as it appeared in 1893)

314

Old State House, Kaskaskia (1900) 315

Pierre Menard Mansion, Kaskaskia (1893) 314

Remnant of Old Kaskaskia (as it appeared in 1898)

315

Selby, Paul (Portrait) 5

Soldiers' Widows' Home, Wilmington 439

Southern Illinois Normal, Carbondale. 505

Southern Illinois Penitentiary and Asylum for Incurable Insane, Chester 492

University Hall, University of Illinois. 150

University of Chicago 363.

University of Illinois, Urbana. (Group of Buildings)

540

University of Illinois, Urbana. (Group of Buildings) 541

View from Engineering Hall, University of Illinois

281

View on Principal Street, Old Kaskaskia (1891) 315

Views in Lincoln Park, Chicago

Views of Drainage Canal 96

Views of Drainage Canal

War Eagle (Portrait) 97

246

Western Hospital for the Insane, Watertown 403

Edgar County.

PREFACE.

This book contains the more prominent and important facts connected with the history of Edgar County, Illinois, together with biographical sketches of many of its prominent citizens, some of which are illustrated with portraits.

Edgar County is not one of the oldest or original counties of the State, of which there were only fifteen at the time of the admission of Illinois into the Union, but it is one of the very best, both as to soil and citizenship. Its history is made up of plain, every-day facts, dating back under varying conditions and political organizations, to the organization of the commonwealth which now constitutes so important a part of the Republic of the United States.

Nothing unusually romantic has occurred within the limits of Edgar County, call- ing for incorporation in its history. The whole frontier life, as it progressed from the Atlantic seaboard westward, was really a great romance as tradition hands it down to us of this new century. During the period of stress and privation which invariably accompanies life in a new country, as well as in the drama of the civil war, the citi- zens of Edgar County have borne their full share in bringing their county up to the high standard of prosperity which it now enjoys.

All the facts embraced within the history of the eighty years since the county was organized are neither known nor ascertainable at this time. This is, perhaps, well enough as to some that are better forgotten than remembered, while much of real value has passed beyond recall. The men and women who were here at the beginning and made the early history of the county, are all gone to their reward. All honor to their memory. It has been necessary, therefore, to obtain many important facts from stich secondary sources as were available and exercise special care in their authentica- tion.

Its publishers are entitled to success for the pecuniary outlay . which they have borne, and the care and enterprise which they have manifested in preparing it for the press.

Completeness and absolute perfection in a work of this character is not attainable, but the writer believes he may rely upon the endorsement of every intelligent and thoughtful reader as to the truth of what he has here presented.

And so this book is submitted to the citizens of Edgar County-not as embrac- ing the "whole truth," but as containing "nothing but the truth."

MPam Ballan

Edgar County.

INDEX.

CHAPTER I.

INTRODUCTORY.

Origin and Scope of This Work-Genealogy of Edgar County-Indian Occupants and Character of Their Claim to the Soil-Claims of Older States to Territory North- west of the Ohio-Virginia Claim Based on the Clark Expedition-Cessions Made to the General Government-Ordinance of 1787-"Territory Northwest of the River Ohio" Organized-First Declaration in Favor of Free Schools and First Dedication of Territory to Freedom-Right of Secession Denied-Political Changes Through Which Illinois has Passed. 619-621

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Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of Edgar County, Part 1

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn Publication date: 1905 Publisher: Chicago : Munsell Number of Pages: 876

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn
Publication date: 1905
Publisher: Chicago : Munsell
Number of Pages: 876