USA > Illinois > Edgar County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of Edgar County > Part 135
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1867 and published it until he was elected 10 the General Assembly in 1871, when it was discontinued.
In 1873 James Shoaff came to Paris with a newspaper outfit and started the "Paris Ga- zette" as a Democratic organ. He died the next year, but the paper still lives and is is- sued as a daily and weekly journal by Messrs. Fred and "Doug" Shoaff. The "Gazette" has been the property of the Shoaff family since it came into existence and is now over thirty-one years old. It is still Democratic in politics and is up-to-date in all its mechanical appoint- ments, the Messrs. Shoaff both being practical printers and newspaper men.
In 1877 J. M. Pryor came to Paris and es- tablished the "Paris Republican," which he published for several years. Col. J. M. Sheets purchased the paper of Mr. Pryor and has continued its publication up to the present time, lately issuing a daily edition.
In 1879 Philip Shutt established the "Edgar County Times," which he published as a Dem- ocratic paper for several years. This paper advocated the soft money theories of the "greenback" party, and also was the organ of that organization known as the "Farmers' Mu- tual Benevolent Alliance" for a while.
In 1880 Mr. Moore sold the "Prairie Beacon and Valley Blade" to Matlack & McBride. Mat- lack soon after sold his one-half interest to Colonel Sheets and in May, 1881, Colonel Sheets purchased the paper at a mortgage sale and consolidated it with the "Paris Republican." Matlack & McBride had changed the name to the "Paris Beacon." After Colonel Sheets pur- chased the paper, McBride for a time had 3 paper printed in the Gazette office, under the name of the "Paris Beacon," and then a press was procured and a paper was published under that name until 1882, when the printing plant was sold to A. B. Powell who continued the publication as the "Paris Beacon" until 1883. He then sold the paper to the "Paris Beacon Company," and it is still run in that name, but. C. P. Hitch is reputed to be its owner.
In 1890 John and William Wittick established the "Paris Herald" as a Democratic weekly newspaper, and have published it since with success.
The "Orange and Black" is a handsome and entertaining paper edited by a corps of High School pupils, and is published monthly during the school year.
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HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY. .
There are newspapers in the villages of Kan- sas, Brocton, Hume and Chrisman. The "Kan- sas Journal" is edited and published by Ora H. Ault, and is an able independent Republican paper. The "Brocton Review" is Democratic in color, but is well edited and a credit to the town. And so it is with the "Hume Record." The "Chrisman Courier" is up to the times and the village in which it is published.
CHAPTER XVII.
FRATERNAL ASSOCIATIONS.
PATRIOTIC AND BENEVOLENT ORGANIZATIONS-GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC AND WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS-WOMEN'S CLUBS-BENEVOLENT ASSOCIA- TIONS-MASONIC ORDERS-ODD FELLOW ORGAN. IZATIONS-LABOR UNIONS AND MISCELLANEOUS ASSOCIATIONS.
The Grand Army of the Republic has Posts in Paris, Chrisman, Kansas and Vermilion, but the membership is numerically diminishing as time goes by, there being no chance to re- cruit from the present generation.
The Woman's Relief Corps has local organ- izations at Paris, Kansas and Chrisman and accomplishes much in the purposes of that or- der.
The Charitable and Benevolent Societies in Edgar County are all in excellent condition, and fulfill the purposes for which they are organized.
WOMEN'S CLUBS.
The impetus given to things literary and artistic, by the Columbian Exposition, found vent in a number of Women's Clubs.
The "Monday Club" was organized in 1892. and was the outgrowth of a class formed to hear several courses of lectures on art and mythology. The class became so interested and found the association together so helpful and agreeable, that the club was formed with twenty-five members, Mrs. Maria L. Nelson be- ing the first President.
Two years later, in 1894, the "Friends in Council" was organized with Mrs. Henry E. Rives as its first President, and a membership
of twenty-five. Meeting once a week through eight months of the year, the amount of pleas- ure and profit derived from these clubs is im- measurable. Self-culture being the object, these clubs have embraced a wide range of topics, art, history and literature being the favorites.
In December, 1897, the "Paris Woman's Club," with Mrs. Henry S. Tanner as President. came into being and, during the five years of its existence, has accomplished much. Its membership, unlimited and usually about one hundred, was devoted to things literary, mu- sical and philanthropic. A mother's club, a girl's sewing school and a woman's exchange were carried on successfully, and through its untiring efforts, a library was collected and maintained for the use of the public. In 1902 this library was presented to the city by the club, and by its efforts and the aid of several members of the City Council, Mr. Car- negie was induced to present the city with the library building which is our pride and joy.
BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATIONS.
The Masonic Protective Association was or- ganized some years ago, its purpose being pure- ly benevolent. On the death of a member, each surviving member pays an assessment of $1.20, of which $1.00 goes to the widow, or such beneficiary as may be chosen by the decedent, and named in his certificate of membership. Only Masons in good standing in the county can join the association. J. C. Risser is Presi- dent and Thomas Moyer, Secretary. The mem- bership numbers 225.
The Star Protective Association is like the Masonic Protective, except that the members of Lydia Chapter of the Eastern Star are eligible to .membership therein. C. F. Propst is President, and D. G. Burr, Secretary. The membership numbers 150.
The Odd Fellows' Benefit Association of Ed- gar County was organized in 1892. The mem- bership is made up of Odd Fellows in good standing, and their wives, in the county. The purposes are purely benevolent. The dues are assessed by the officers under the by-laws of the association, and the benefit payable on the death of any member is limited to $500. The membership is over 600, and a surplus is thus provided against frequent deaths in the asso- ciation. H. Van Sellar is President, Dr. E. E. Jones, Secretary, and H. R. Miller, Treasurer. These associations are alike in being living
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HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.
charities and an instant aid to the needy fam- ily of a deceased brother. "Above all things, put on charity." Now, the end of the com- mandment is, Charity out of a pure heart: "Let all your things be done with charity."
These associations are the natural offspring of Free Masonry and Odd Fellowship respec- tively, and by family resemblance alone are easily recognized as children of these orders. Thousands of dollars have been disbursed by each of these associations, and always in the very time of need, aptly illustrating the truth of the adage, "He gives twice, who gives quickly."
SECRET ORDERS.
A. F. & A. M. LODGES .- There are two lodges (Nos. 77 and 268) of Free Masons in Paris; also a chapter and commandery.
- > Prairie Lodge No. 77 was instituted in Oct. 1849, with William Ticknor as W. M. The pres- ' ent officers are: R. L. Mckinlay, W. M .; W. H. Slanker, S. W .; Frank Cook, J. W .; Harry Eaton, S. D .; William Rhoads, J. D .; D. G. Burr, Sec.
Paris Lodge, No. 268, was instituted Oct. 5, 1858, with the following named charter mem- bers: Jeremiah Curl, T. W. Curl, D. M. Wieder. E. P. Shaw, J. W. Fulton, D. D. Neal, James Steel, A. H. Cassett, J. B. Hannah, P. P. Cas- sett, E. Ingersoll, A. C. Butts, E. Nichols, and G. W. Crowell. The first officers were: Jere- miah Curl, W. M .; T. W. Curl, S. W .; D. M. Weider, J. W .; E. P. Shaw, S. D .; John Fulton, .J. D. The present officers are: Thomas Moyer, W. M .; Harry Risser, S. W .; F. C. Van Sellar, J. W .; Major Gallagher, S. D .; John Kimble, J. D .; E. E. Lodge, Sec.
Edgar Chapter, No. 32, was instituted Oct. 3, 1856, with the following named officers: James Steele, H. P .; Jonathan Young, K .; F. M. Blair, S., and companions as follows: E. P. Shaw, H. Tanner, A. J. Hunter, C. B. Steel, A. Severs, C. Summers, John Hartley, William Gordon, G. W. Rives, J. W. Fulton, M. M. Dill, J. K. Doug- lass, T. H. White, J. M. Watkins, S. H. El- liott, William Kile, William P. Dole and T. J. Sandford. The present officers are: Charles Cone, H. P .; J. C. Risser, R. G. C .; F. F. Hagar, K .; Simon Risser, C. M .;. John W. Winn, S .; S. C. Hogue, P. S .; E. E. Lodge, Sec.
Paris Commandery, No. 27, was instituted in October, 1867. The present officers are: E. E. Jones, E. C .; J. C. Risser, G .; S. C. Hogue, C. G .; E. E. Lodge, R.
Lydia Chapter, No. 7, Order of the Eastern Star, was instituted in 1870. The present offi- cers are: Maria Flesher, W. M .; William. Rhoads, W. P .; Kate Jurey, A. M .; Carrie Mur- phy, C .; Lola Rhoads, A. C .; Ellen Peabody, Sec .; Mary McGoldrick, Treas.
Kansas Lodge, No. 280, A. F. & A. M., was instituted Oct. 6, 1858, with O. Q. Herrick, W. M .; I. N. DeLong, S. W .; W. I. Longhead, J. W .; J. R. McDavitt, J. H. Hocket, Robert Mose- ly and George Brown were also charter mem- bers. The present officers are: F. Mayo, W. M .; Nathan Fitzpatrick, S. W .; C. H. Bane, J. W .; J. W. Winn, Sec.
Kansas Chapter, No. 125, was instituted in October, 1869, with A. P. Forsyth, H. P .; Sam- uel Shy, K., and A. J. Hogue, S. D. W. Zink, Nelson McCollum and W. S. Brown were also charter members. The present officers are: Harvey Said, C. P .; W. S. Brown, H. P .; Ste- phen Hoog, S .; J. W. Winn, T.
Bloomfield Lodge, No. 148, A. F. & A. M., was instituted in 1853, with officers as fol- lows: Thomas Winn, W. M .; George K. Lar- kin, S. W .; Perry Calvin, J. W .; O. P. Wilson, S. D .; William Smick, J. D .; George Titus, Tyler; Gideon Minor, Sec. In 1873 this lodge was granted permission to remove its place of meeting to Chrisman. The present officers are: A. G. Tucker, W. M .; J. F. McKee, J. W .; J. J. Mckibben, S. W .; John H. Owens, Sec .; J. T. Holden, Treas.
The last list of officers of Edgar Lodge, No. 829, A. F. & A M., of Hume, Ill., is as fol- lows: H. E. Shepherd, (deceased), W. M .; A. L. Dillon, S. W .; E. T. Howerton, J. W .; J. H. Stark, Sec .; W. O. Wilson, Treas .; William Tur- ley, S. D .; Jacob Benefiel, J. D .; J. H. Benefiel, Tyler.
Hume Lodge, No. 725, I. O. O. F., at Hume, Ill., has the following officers: Arthur Christy, N. G .; Charles Goff, V. G .; L. G. Brooks, Rec. Sec .; O. O. Williams, Fin. Sec .; W. H. Stark, Treas.
Stratton Lodge, No. 408, A. F. & A. M., was in- stituted in 1863 with Col. D. A. Morrison, W M .; Nathaniel Sandford, S. W .; F. T. D. Vale, J. W., and Ira K. Elliott, Sec. The present offi- cers are: W. A. Tweedy, W. M .; Fred Rhoads, S. W .; William Givins, J. W .; W. F. Dinkins, Sec.
ODD FELLOW ORGANIZATIONS .- A lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows was insti- tuted in Paris July 15, 1857. The lodge was
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HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.
named Edgar, and numbered 91 members. The first officers were: John E. Minor, N. G .; W. T. Jenkins, V. G .; C. V. Jaquith, R. S., and M. M. Dill, T. The present officers are: Charles A. Woodbridge, N. G .; Ed Ketner, V. G .; J. M. Moody, R. S .; J. E. Meloy, P. S .; F. B. Clinton, Treas.
In May, 1853, Paris Encampment, No. 21, was instituted with A. B. Austin, C. P .; Walter Booth, H P., and J. W. Connelly, S. The pres- ent officers are: J. W. Purcell, C. P .; Perry Shaw, H. P .; B. L. Whitesell, Sec.
Austin Lodge, No. 664, I. O. O. F., was insti- tuted in 1876. The present officers are: J. Frank Dye, N. G .; John Williams, V. G .; Zell Tracy, Sec.
Sinai Rebecca Lodge, No. 36, was organized with Miss . Cora Rector, N. G .; Mrs. Margaret N. Benefiel, Sec. The present officers are: Maggie Newman, N. G .; Hattie Stokesberry, V. G .; Margaret Benefiel, R. S .; Walter Sims, F. S .; J. M. Moody, Treas.
Kansas Lodge, No. 633, I. O. O. F., was insti- tuted Oct. 10, 1877, with William Dulin, N. G .: A. Cline, V. G .; William M. Lauher, T., and John W. Miller, Sec. The present officers are: O. E. Boyer, N. G .; A. B. Bradford, V. G .; C. A. Hite, Sec.
Chrisman Lodge, No. 541, I. O. O. F., was in- stituted Feb. 4, 1874, with C. F. Caraway, N. G .; E. W. Hartley, V. G .; W. S. Carnes, T., and A. B. Gibbs, Sec. The present officers are: M. C. Sheets, N. G .; Simon Samerer, V. G .; Cassius. Chrisman, Sec .; E. W. Hartly, Treas.
Lecture Lodge, No. 653, I. O. O. F., at Ver- milion, was instituted Jan. 13, 1875, with L. P. Besier, N. G .; C. A. Sisk, V. G .; J. A. Cassel, Sec. The present officers are: Rudy Wright, N. G .; Edgar Kimbrough, V. G., and Owing Rowe, Sec.
MISCELLANEOUS.
There is also the charitable order of the Royal Arcanum at Paris, the officers being as follows: George F. Howard, Regent; F. D. Cretors, Vice-Regent; Rue Link, Treasurer; Walter Sims, Secretary.
The order of Knights of Pythias are organ- ized as Apollo Lodge, No. 57. The present offi- cers are: Charles Miller, C. C .; F. G. Cretors, K. of R. S.
The Modern Woodmen of America are or- ganized as Paris Camp, No. 249. The officers are: W. J. Griffin, V. C .; T. E. Garner, Clerk. The Ancient Order of United Workmen
organized as Charity Lodge, No. 100, has the following officers: C. W. Curl, M. W .; George F. Howard, Recorder.
The Tribe of Ben Hur is organized as Paris Court, No. 4. The officers are C. E. Jay, Chief; R. P. Logan, Scribe.
The I. O. M. A. is organized as Celestial Lodge, No. 9, with J. M. David, President; G. W. Patton, Rec. Sec.
The Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks flourish in Paris as Paris Lodge, No. 812. The officers are E. L. Wieder, E. R .; W. L. Shep- pard, Sec .; C. L. Propst, F. R. Alexander and J. C. Risser, Trustees. This organization has fine club and assembly rooms on East Wood Street.
The Fraternal Order of Eagles was organized as Paris Aerie F. O. E., with C. B. Slanker, P. W. P .; P. Cody, Sec .; Fred Baber, Treas.
There are also in Paris the following named labor organizations:
Federal Labor Union, No. 10802, Thomas Ew- ing, President; Ed. Dowling, Secretary.
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Join- ers of America, Local No. 1334, Hugh John, President; E. A. Hodge, Secretary.
The Brick Masons' Union, Local No. 48, W. H. Flint, President; Bennie A. Beall, Secretary.
The Broom Makers' Union, Local No. 34, A. B. Roberts, President; M. J. Gallegher, Secretary.
Glass Blowers' Union, E. J. Beebe, President ; Fred J. Smith, Secretary.
Plasterers' Union, No. 274, Thomas Neely, President; C. B. Frazier, Secretary.
CHAPTER XVIII.
WAR HISTORY.
PART OF EDGAR COUNTY CITIZENS IN VARIOUS WARS -VETERANS OF WAR OF 1812-EDGAR COUNTY SOLDIERS IN BLACK HAWK AND MEXICAN WARS -CIVIL WAR IIISTORY-EDGAR COUNTY FUR -. NISHES ONE COMPANY IN RESPONSE TO THE FIRST CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS IN DEFENSE OF THE UNION-LIST OF SOLDIERS AND ORGANIZA- TIONS WHO TOOK PART IN THAT HISTORIC STRUGGLE - SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR -THE COUNTY FURNISHES ONE COMPANY FOR THAT CONFLICT.
There is now no veteran of the War of 1812 surviving in Edgar County, although there were
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HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.
several who lived and died here. Paul Mullins, James Green, Samuel Bullock, James Sims and possibly others, were soldiers in that war and, as such, were pensioned.
In the Black Hawk War Edgar County was quite numerously and conspicuously represented. This was an Indian war, and was begun and con- ducted for the purpose of driving the Indians from Illinois and preventing their return to this side of the Mississippi River.
The people of Edgar County never had much trouble with the Indians, but the savages had committed depredations in some portions of the State and their absence, complete and per- manent, was very desirable, and therefore fully and finally determined upon. In this war the Indians, under Black Hawk, were the aggres- sors. Black Hawk's racial name was Makabai- mishekiakiak, which signifies Black Sparrow Hawk. He was a "Sac" and had, as chief of that tribe, acted with the British in the war of 1812, which fact may, at least in part, ac- count for the course the Government took (Gen- eral Jackson being President at that time), in respect to the claim by the Sacs of the right to abide on certain lands in the vicinity of Rock Island, which had been occupied by them. The Government had bought these lands and paid for them under a treaty stipulation that, while the Government owned the lands, the Indians might remain upon them. Black Hawk and his braves claimed that this meant that the In- dians might remain until the white men actual- ly possessed the lands, which they could not do until the Indians left them, and they refused to leave. A compromise was attempted, and the matter was referred to the President, who per- emptorily refused to temporize on the subject and ordered the removal of the Indians beyond the Mississippi River in 1829.
Actual hostilities did not begin until the spring of 1831. General Gaines, who then commanded the Military District, ordered ten companies to Rock Island and notified Governor Reynolds that this force was sufficient, which proved to be the case, but the Governor con- sidered it to be his duty to make sure by call- ing out two regiments of militia, which he did. " Edgar County was represented in that cam- paign by Colonel Milton K. Alexander, who acted as an Aid-de-Camp to the Governor. Black Hawk was compelled to make terms and agree to go and remain west of the Mississippi. He violated this agreement in 1832, entering
the state of Illinois near Rock Island on the sixth day of April. At that time Northern Illi- nois had scarcely any settlers, and the Indians went northeast committing such depredations as delighted their savage natures as they en- . countered the few settlements. This time the commandant of the regular troops called on the Governor for volunteers, and he promptly responded on April 16th, issuing a call' for enough men to constitute four regiments and three battalions, to assemble at Beardstown, April 22d. Two other detachments were also called out for special service, and were con- solidated in a fifth regiment. These volunteers were commanded by General Samuel Whiteside. In this army was the regiment numbered the Nineteenth, organized and commanded by Col. Milton K. Alexander, who was promoted at the rendezvous at Beardstown and, as Brigadier- General, commanded the Second Brigade of the army. Col. James M. Blackburn succeeded to the command of the regiment in which the volunteers from Edgar County were, and he continued as Colonel until the close of the war. William Wyatt was Lieutenant Colonel, S. J. Shelledy was Adjutant, Leonard Parker was Quartermaster, and Dr. Ferris and Dr. Huff were Surgeons. There were three companies from Edgar County, one of which was com- manded by Colonel Jonathan Mayo. The fol- lowing volunteers were in Captain Mayo's com- pany : Washington Alexander, James Bailey, William Bond, Joseph Barkley, Sanborn Bas- ford, John Bradley, Simon Camerer, John C. Calvin, Willard Center, David Crozier, M. M. Dill, Thomas H. Dougherty, John S. Dill, Martin Elder, Thomas Evans, James F. Fletcher, Thomas Hobbs, Enos Hobbs, James Hoskins, Samuel Jones, Jacob G. Lycan, Reuben Lowry, Enos Martin, John Matthews, - Mont- gomery, Thomas Morgan, James Pinson, Will- iam Phillips, Robert M. Rhea, Matthew R. Scott, Daniel Spencer, John Somerville, E. P. Shaw, Martin Sizemore, James H. Tennery, Patrick O. Tennery, William C. Trimble, Joseph B. Vance, William B. Vance, Abram Welch, John Wilson, Isaiah Welch, William Whitley, Augustus Wyatt and Patrick Whalen. The company officers, as originally organized, were Jonathan Mayo, Cap- tain; Edward Y. Russell, First Lieutenant; William Wyatt, Second Lieutenant; Leonard Parker, First Sergeant. On the organization of the regiment Wyatt became Lieutenant- Colonel and Parker Quartermaster, John S. Mc-
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HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.
Conkey became Second Lieutenant, and James Buchanan became First Sergeant.
The following is a list of the other companies from Edgar County, who served in the Black Hawk War:
CAPTAIN SAMUEL BRIMBERRY'S COMPANY .- Philip B. Smith, James Adams, William Craig, William Morgan, John Morgan, John Ripple, John Young, Valentine Anglin, Philip Cromick John Crist, Joseph Clapp, Duncan M. Charter, Isaac N. Craig, Robert Craig, Isaac Elledge, John Ferrell, William Ferrell, William Good- man, Henderson Grinder, Robert Henson, Rich- ard Jones, Thomas Jones, Greenburg Redmon, Elijah Wells, James Walls, Samuel Williams, David N. Wells, Moses Anglin, Joseph Andrews.
CAPTAIN ISAAC SANFORD'S COMPANY .- Isaac Sanford, William Runyan, Aloysius Brown, Thomas J. Buntain, George G. Board, Charles Bodine, Alfred Van Houtan, John D. Bozeith, John Smith, Wineson Robertson, James Cum- mings, Harding C. Allen, Andrew E. Buntain, Fielder Breeden, Elias Bradshaw, Mezaldin H. Board, George W. Cupps, George Cowan, Abisha Camp, John Cummings, Abraham Davis, Henry Drummond, James Davis, James Ewing, Alle- mus Edwards, George Ewing, Thomas Furnish. Arthur Foster, John Foster, John Fuller, James Gillespy, George Harding, Andrew Hunter, John Hollingsworth, Benjamin Hunsacker, John Hill, James Hawkins, Spencer R. Hunter, Hartwell Jourdan, Young Kehoe, John Knight, Joseph Knight, Jacob D. Lowry, William Lewis, Charles K. Martin, W. C. Murphy, Lucius McIn- tire, Henry McCully, William Montgomery, Da- vid Morrison, John Martain, Samuel Macy, Thomas Nolle, George C. Pownall, James C. Purcell, Edward Purcell, Martain Ray, Isaac Ray, Jesse Ray, James Ray, William Ray, Will- iam Ross, George Reed, William Reed, Daniel Ripple, Michael Ripple, Francis Stump, Joseph Taylor, Gabriel N. Taylor, John Terrill, Isaac Van Houtan, William Van Houtan, Larkin Wil- son, Reason Wilson.
CAPTAIN ROBERT GRIFFIN'S COMPANY .- Robert Griffin, George Moke, William N. Redman, Jesse Raper, George Phillips, Edmund Minor, George Redman, James McCoy. William P. Hicklin, William H. Faulkner, Addison M. Turvy, Ed- mund Alexander,, William Bryant, John Craig, James Coe, Levi Clapp, William Damal, Abra- ham Downs, Samuel Davis, Ferdinand Dick. William Elledge, William Flood, William Fears, James Flack, John Furness, William Green,
Jacob Harbaugh, George W. Hensley, Thomas Jones, Tobias J. Lacksu, Arthur Lamb, William May, Moses Martin, Jonathan B. Nobles, Henry Owsley, Jonathan Patterson, John Packet, James Parish, Ezekiel Rockhold, Joseph H. Stewart, Martin Sizemore, R. B. Sutherland, William Snyder, Samuel Smith, Isaac H. Ten- nery, Patrick C. Tennery, John S. Thompson, John Tade, George W. Wayne, Joseph Wright.
None of these men are alive. They per- formed their duty as citizens and did it well, and they are entitled to the remembrance and respect of the generation who have succeeded and will succeed them. The army under Gen- eral Whiteside marched April 27, 1832, to Fort Armstrong, where on May 7th, the volunteers were mustered into the service of the United States. Zachary Taylor, then a Colonel in the United States Army, there reinforced General Whiteside with three hundred regulars, one of whom was Lieutenant Jefferson Davis. Tay- lor became President of the United States and Davis of the Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln was Captainof a company of the Illinois Volun- teers.
This war was of much greater magnitude than the present generation is aware. It be- came necessary for General Scott to come into the field with a thousand regulars, and for the Governor to call out two thousand more volun- teers to enlist for the war. Thus prepared the campaign proved successful; the Indians were vanquished and driven beyond the Mississippi never to return. The losses were about five hundred soldiers and settlers and a good many more Indians. The cost of the war was about two million dollars. Black Hawk surrendered to the Winnebago Indians, who brought him to an Indian Agent on August 21st, and on Sep- tember 21st a formal treaty of peace was made. Black Hawk was held as a hostage and im- prisoned at Fortress Monroe from April, 1833, until June 4th, and then kept under practical surveillance as a ward of Chief Keokuk until his death Oct. 3, 1838. (See"Black Hawk War." "Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois," pp. 608- 615.)
MEXICAN WAR.
The actuating cause of the war with Mexico was the sympathy of the people of the United States with the people of Texas. The atrocious conduct of the Mexican Government towards Texas had produced a national feeling for Texas and against Mexico, that justified, or, at
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HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.
any rate, made it easy for the administration to make war upon Mexico for reasons that were more technically than equitably just.
But, right or wrong in a moral sense, the war was begun, and the motto of the majority of the people had been coined in the phrase of the naval hero when he gave as a toast: "My coun- try: May she always be right; but, right or wrong, my country!" The regular army of the nation was too small to contend successfully on a foreign field, and the President called for volunteers. The young men of the Republic were ready and willing to enlist under the national banner, without waiting to inquire into the cause of the war or where it was to be. Six regiments were required from Illinois, and twice the number of volunteers required were impatient to be enrolled for the war. Ed- gar County was represented by a company in the Fourth Regiment, which regiment was com- manded by Col. Edward D. Baker, who fell at Ball's Bluff on the Potomac, in the Civil War. At the time of his death Colonel Baker was a Senator from California and commanding a brigade of volunteers. The roster of Edgar County in Colonel Baker's regiment is here pre- sented, and contains the names of many men who are well known in this county:
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