USA > Illinois > Edgar County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of Edgar County > Part 18
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
CHAMPAIGN, HAVANA & WESTERN RAIL- ROAD. (See Illinois Central Railroad.)
CHANDLER, Charles, physician, was born at West Woodstock, Conn., July 2, 1806; graduated with the degree of M.D. at Castleton, Vt., and, in 1829, located in Scituate, R. I .; in 1832, started with the intention of settling at Fort Clark (now Peoria), Ill., but was stopped at Beardstown by the "Black Hawk War," finally locating on the .Sangamon River, in Cass County, where, in 1848, he laid out the town of Chandlerville-Abraham Lincoln being one of the surveyors who platted the town. Here he gained a large practice, which he was compelled, in his later years, par- tially to abandon in consequence of injuries received while prosecuting his profession, after- wards turning his attention to merchandising and encouraging the development of the locality in which he lived by promoting the construction of railroads and the building of schoolhouses and churches. Liberal and public-spirited, his influ- ence for good extended over a large region. Died, April 7, 1879.
CHANDLER, Henry B., newspaper manager, was born at Frelighsburg, Quebec, July 12, 1836; at 18 he began teaching, and later took charge of the business department of "The Detroit Free Press"; in 1861, came to Chicago with Wilbur F. Storey and became business manager of "The Chicago Times"; in 1870, disagreed with Storey and retired from newspaper business. Died, at Yonkers, N. Y., Jan. 18, 1896.
CHANDLERVILLE, a village in Cass County, on the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad, 7 miles north by east from Virginia, laid out in 1848 by Dr. Charles Chandler, and platted by Abraham Lincoln. It has a bank, a creamery, four churches, a weekly newspaper, a flour and a ·saw-mill. Population (1890), 910; (1900), 940.
CHAPIN, a village of Morgan County, at the intersection of the Wabash and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads, 10 miles west of Jacksonville. Population (1890), 450; (1900), 514.
CHAPPELL, Charles H., railway manager, was born in Du Page County, Ill., March 3, 1841. With an ardent passion for the railroad business, at the age of 16 he obtained a position as freight brakeman on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, being steadily promoted through the ranks of conductor, train-master and dispatcher, until, in 1865, at the age of 24, he was appointed General Agent of the Eastern Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. Other railroad positions which Mr. Chappell has since held are: Superintendent of a division of the Union Pacific
(1869-70) ; Assistant or Division Superintendent of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, or some of its branches (1870-74); General Superintendent of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas (1874-76) ; Superintendent of the Western Division of the Wabash (1877-79). In 1880, he accepted the position of Assistant General Superintendent of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, being advanced in the next three years through the grades of General Superintendent and Assistant General Manager, to that of General Manager of the entire system, which he has continued to fill for over twelve years. Quietly and without show or display, Mr. Chappell continues in the discharge of his duties, assisting to make the system with which le is identified one of the most successful and perfect in its operation in the whole country.
CHARLESTON, the county-seat of Coles County, an incorporated city and a railway junc- tion, 46 miles west of Terre Haute, Ind. It lies in the center of a farming region, yet has several factories, including woolen and flouring mills, broom, plow and carriage factories, a foundry and a canning factory. Three newspapers are published here, issuing daily editions. Population (1890), 4,135; (1900), 5,488. The Eastern State Normal School was located here in 1895.
CHARLESTON, NEOGA & ST. LOUIS RAIL- ROAD. (See Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Railroad.)
CHARLEVOIX, Pierre Francois Xavier de, a celebrated French traveler and an early explorer of Illinois, born at St. Quentin, France, Oct. 29, 1682. He entered the Jesuit Society, and while a student was sent to Quebec (1695), where for four years he was instructor in the college, and completed his divinity studies. In 1709 he returned to France, but came again to Quebec a few years later. He ascended the St. Lawrence, sailed through Lakes Ontario and Erie, and finally reached the Mississippi by way of the Illinois River. After visiting Cahokia and the surrounding county (1720-21), he continued down the Mississippi to New Orleans, and returned to France by way of Santo Domingo. Besides some works on religious subjects, he was the author of histories of Japan, Paraguay and San Domingo. His great work, however, was the "History of New France," which was not published until twenty years after his death. His journal of his American explorations appeared about the same time. His history has long been cited by scholars as authority, but no English translation was made until 1865, when it was undertaken by Shea. Died in France, Feb. 1, 1761.
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
CHASE, Philander, Protestant Episcopal Bishop, was born in Cornish, Vt., Dec 14, 1775, and graduated at Dartmouth in 1795. Although reared as a Congregationalist, he adopted the Episcopal faith, and was ordained a priest in 1799, for several years laboring as a missionary in Northern and Western New York. In 1805, he went to New Orleans, but returning North in 1811, spent six years as a rector at New Haven, Conn., then engaged in missionary work in Ohio, organizing a number of parishes and founding an academy at Worthington; was consecrated a Bishop in 1819, and after a visit to England to raise funds, laid the foundation of Kenyon College and Gambier Theological Seminary, named in honor of two English noblemen who had contributed a large portion of the funds. Differences arising with some of his clergy in reference to the proper use of the funds, he resigned both the Bishopric and the Presidency of the college in 1831. and after three years of missionary labor in Michigan, in 1835 was chosen Bishop of Illinois. Making a second visit to England, he succeeded in raising additional funds, and, in 1838, founded Jubilee College at Robin's Nest, Peoria County, Ill., for which a charter was obtained in 1847. He was a man of great religious zeal, of indomitable perseverance and the most successful pioneer of the Episcopal Church in the West. He was Presiding Bishop from 1843 until his death, which occurred Sept. 20, 1852. Several volumes appeared from his pen, the most important being "A Plea for the West" (1826), and "Reminiscences: an Autobiography, Comprising a History of the Principal Events in the Author's Life" (1848).
CHATHAM, a village of Sangamon County, on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 9 miles south of Springfield. Population (1890), 482; (1900), 629.
CHATSWORTH, town in Livingston County, on Ill. Cent. and Toledo, Peoria & Western Rail- ways, 79 miles east of Peoria; in farming and stock-raising district; has two banks, three grain elevators, five churches, a graded school, two weekly papers, water-works, electric lights, paved streets, cement sidewalks, brick works, and other manufactories. Pop. (1890), 827; (1900), 1,038.
CHEBANSE, a town in Iroquois and Kankakee Counties, on the Illinois Central Railroad, 64 miles south-southwest from Chicago; the place has two banks and one newspaper. Population (1880), 728; (1890), 616; (1900), 555.
CHENEY, Charles Edward, Bishop of the Re- formed Protestant Episcopal Church, was born in Canandaigua, N. Y., Feb. 12, 1836; graduated at
Hobart in 1857, and began study for the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Soon after ordination he became rector of Christ Church, Chicago, and was prominent among those who, under the leadership of Assistant Bishop Cum- mins of Kentucky, organized the Reformed Epis- copal Church in 1873. He was elected Missionary Bishop of the Northwest for the new organiza- tion, and was consecrated in Christ Church, Chicago, Dec. 14, 1873.
CHENEY, John Vance, author and librarian, was born at Groveland, N. Y., Dec. 29, 1848, though the family home was at Dorset, Vt .. where he grew up and received his primary edu- cation. He acquired his academic training at Manchester, Vt., and Temple Hill Academy, Genesee, N. Y., graduating from the latter in 1865, later becoming Assistant Principal of the same institution. Having studied law, he was admitted to the bar successively in Massachusetts and New York; but meanwhile having written considerably for the old "Scribner's Monthly" (now "Century Magazine"), while under the editorship of Dr. J. G. Holland, he gradually adopted literature as a profession. Removing to the Pacific Coast, he took charge, in 1887, of the Free Public Library at San Francisco, remaining until 1894, when he accepted the position of Librarian of the Newberry Library in Chicago, as successor to Dr. William F. Poole, deceased. Besides two or three volumes of verse, Mr. Cheney is the author of numerous essays on literary subjects. His published works include "Thistle- Drift," poems (1887); "Wood-Blooms," poems (1888), "Golden Guess," essays (1892); "That Dome in Air," essays (1895); "Queen Helen," poem (1895) and "Out of the Silence," poem (1897). He is also editor of "Wood Notes Wild," by Simeon Pease Cheney (1892), and Caxton Club's edition of Derby's Phoenixiana.
CHENOA, an incorporated city of McLean County, at the intersecting point of the Toledo, Peoria & Western and the Chicago & Alton Rail- roads, 48 miles east of Peoria, 23 miles northeast of Bloomington, and 102 miles south of Chicago. Agriculture, dairy farming, fruit-growing and coal-mining are the chief industries of the sur- rounding region. The city also has an electric light plant, water-works, canning works and tile works, besides two banks, seven churches, a graded school, two weekly papers, and telephone systems connecting with the surrounding coun- try. Population (1890), 1,226; (1900), 1,512.
CHESBROUGH, Ellis Sylvester, civil engineer, was born in Baltimore, Md., July 6, 1813; at the
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
age of thirteen was chainman to an engineering party on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, being later employed on other roads. In 1837, he was appointed senior assistant engineer in the con- struction of the Louisville, Cincinnati & Charles- ton Railroad, and, in 1846, Chief Engineer of the Boston Waterworks, in 1850 becoming sole Com- missioner of the Water Department of that city. In 1855, he became engineer of the Chicago Board of Sewerage Commissioners, and in that capacity designed the sewerage system of the city-also planning the river tunnels. He resigned the office of Commissioner of Public Works of Chicago in 1879. He was regarded as an author- ity on water-supply and sewerage, and was con- sulted by the officials of New York, Boston, Toronto, Milwaukee and other cities. Died, August 19, 1886.
CHESNUT, John A., lawyer, was born in Ken- tucky, Jan. 19, 1816, his father being a native of South Carolina, but of Irish descent. John A. was educated principally in his native State, but came to Illinois in 1836, read law with P. H. Winchester at Carlinville, was admitted to the bar in 1837, and practiced at Carlinville until 1855, when he removed to Springfield and engaged in real estate and banking business. Mr. Ches- nut was associated with many local business enterprises, was for several years one of the Trustees of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Jacksonville, also a Trustee of the Illinois Female College (Methodist) at the same place, and was Supervisor of the United States Census for the Sixth District of Illinois in 1880. Died, Jan. 14, 1898.
CHESTER, the county-seat of Randolph County, situated on the Mississippi River, 76 miles south of St. Louis. It is the seat of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary and of the State Asylum for Insane Convicts It stands in the heart of a region abounding in bituminous coal, and is a prominent shipping point for this com- modity ; also has quarries of building stone. It has a grain elevator, flouring mills, rolling mills and foundries. Population (1880), 2,580; (1890), 2,708; (1900), 2,832.
CHETLAIN, Augustus Louis, soldier, was born in St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 26, 1824, of French Hugue- not stock-his parents having emigrated from Switzerland in 1823, at first becoming members of the Selkirk colony on Red River, in Manitoba. Having received a common school education, he became a merchant at Galena, and was the first to volunteer there in response to the call for troops after the bombardment of Fort Sumter, in
1861, being chosen to the captaincy of a company in the Twelfth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, which General Grant had declined; participated in the campaign on the Tennessee River which resulted in the capture of Fort Donelson and the battle of Shiloh, meanwhile being commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel; also distinguished himself at Corinth, where he remained in command until May, 1863, and organized the first colored regi- ment raised in the West. In December, 1863, he was promoted Brigadier-General and placed in charge of the organization of colored troops in Tennessee, serving later in Kentucky and being brevetted Major-General in January, 1864. From January to October, 1865, he commanded the post at Memphis, and later the District of Talla- dega, Ala., until January, 1866, when he was mustered out of the service. General Chetlain was Assessor of Internal Revenue for the District of Utah (1867-69), then appointed United States Consul at Brussels, serving until 1872, on his return to the United States establishing himself as a banker and broker in Chicago.
CHICAGO, the county-seat of Cook County, chief city of Illinois and (1890) second city in population in the United States.
SITUATION .- The city is situated at the south- west bend of Lake Michigan, 18 miles north of the extreme southern point of the lake, at the mouth of the Chicago River; 715 miles west of New York, 590 miles north of west from Wash- ington, and 260 miles northeast of St. Louis. From the Pacific Coast it is distant 2,417 miles. Latitude 41º 52' north; longitude 87° 35' west of Greenwich. Area (1898), 186 square miles.
TOPOGRAPHY .- Chicago stands on the dividing ridge between the Mississippi and St. Lawrence basins. It is 502 feet above sea-level, and its highest point is some 18 feet above Lake Michi- gan. The Chicago River is virtually a bayou, dividing into north and south branches about a half-mile west of the lake. The surrounding country is a low, flat prairie, but engineering science and skill have done much for it in the way of drainage. The Illinois & Michigan Canal terminates at a point on the south branch of the Chicago River, within the city limits, and unites the waters of Lake Michigan with those of the Illinois River.
COMMERCE .- The Chicago River, with its branches, affords a water frontage of nearly 60 miles, the greater part of which is utilized for the shipment and unloading of grain, lumber, stone, coal, merchandise, etc. Another navigable stream (the Calumet River) also lies within the
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
corporate limits. Dredging has made the Chi- cago River, with its branches, navigable for vessels of deep draft. The harbor has also been widened and deepened. Well constructed break- waters protect the vessels lying inside, and the port is as safe as any on the great lakes. The city is a port of entry, and the tonnage of vessels arriving there exceeds that of any other port in the United States. During 1897, 9,156 vessels arrived, with an aggregate tonnage of 7,209,442, while 9,201 cleared, representing a tonnage of "7,185,324. It is the largest grain market in the world, its elevators (in 1897) having a capacity of 32,550,000 bushels.
According to the reports of the Board of Trade, the total receipts and shipments of grain for the year 1898-counting flour as its grain equiva- lent in bushels -- amounted to 323,097,453 bushels of the former, to 289,920, 028 bushels of the latter. The receipts and shipments of various products for the year (1898) were as follows:
Flour (bbls.)
Receipts. 5,316,195
Shipments. 5,032,236 38,094,900
Wheat (bu.)
35,741,555
Corn
66
127,426,374
130,397,681
Oats
66
110,293,647
Rye
66
4,935,308
85.057,636 4,453,384 6,755,247
Barley
66
18,116,594
Cured Meats (lbs.)
229,005,246
Dressed Beef
110,286,652
923,627,722 1,060,859,808
Live-stock-Hogs
9,360,968
1,334,768
Cattle
2,480,632
864,408
Sheep
3,502,378
545,001
Chicago is also an important lumber market, the receipts in 1895, including shingles, being 1,562,527 M. feet. As a center for beef and pork- packing, the city is without a rival in the amount of its products, there having been 92,459 cattle and 760,514 hogs packed in 1894-95. In bank clearings and general mercantile business it ranks second only to New York, while it is also one of the chief manufacturing centers of the country. The census of 1890 shows 9,959 manu- facturing establishments, with a capital of $29?,- 477,038; employing 203,108 hands, and turning out products valued at $632,184,140. Of the out- put by far the largest was that of the slaughter- ing and meat-packing establishments, amounting to $203,825,092; men's clothing came next ($32,- 517,226) ; iron and steel, $31,419,854; foundry and machine shop products, $29,928,616; planed lumber, $17,604,494. Chicago is also the most important live-stock market in the United States. The Union Stock Yards (in the southwest part of the city) are connected with all railroad lines entering the city, and cover many hundreds of
acres. In 1894, there were received 8,788,049 animals (of all descriptions), valued at $148,057,- 626. Chicago is also a primary market for hides and leather, the production and sales being both of large proportions, and the trade in manufac- tured leather (notably in boots and slioes) exceeds that of any other market in the country. Ship-building is a leading industry, as are also brick-making, distilling and brewing.
TRANSPORTATION, ETC .- Besides being the chief port on the great lakes, Chicago ranks second to no other American city as a railway center. The old "Galena & Chicago Union," its first railroad, was operated in 1849, and within three years a substantial advance had been scored in the way of steam transportation. Since then the multi- plication of railroad lines focusing in or passing through Chicago has been rapid and steady. In 1895 not less than thirty-eight distinct lines enter the city, although these are operated by only twenty-two companies. Some 2,600 miles of railroad track are laid within the city limits. The number of trains daily arriving and depart- ing (suburban and freight included) is about 2,000. Intramural transportation is afforded by electric, steam, cable and horse-car lines. Four tunnels under the Chicago River and its branches, and numerous bridges connect the various divi- sions of the city.
HISTORY .- Point du Sable (a native of San Domingo) was admittedly the first resident of Chicago other than the aborigines. The French missionaries and explorers-Marquette, Joliet, La Salle, Hennepin and others-came a century earlier, their explorations beginning in 1673. After the expulsion of the French at the close of the French and Indian War, the territory passed under British control, though French traders remained in this vicinity after the War of the Revolution. One of these named Le Mai followed Point du Sable about 1796, and was himself suc- ceeded by John Kinzie, the Indian trader, who came in 1803. Fort Dearborn was built near the mouth of the Chicago River in 1804 on land acquired from the Indians by the treaty of Greenville, concluded by Gen. Anthony Wayne in 1795, but was evacuated in 1812, when most of the garrison and the few inhabitants were massa- cred by the savages. (See Fort Dearborn.) The fort was rebuilt in 1816, and another settlement established around it. The first Government survey was made, 1829-30. Early residents were the Kinzies, the Wolcotts, the Beaubiens and the Millers. The Black Hawk War (1832) rather aided in developing the resources and increasing
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HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN
MANZ CHICAOD
La Salle Statue.
Hans Christian Anderson Statue.
Alarm Group. MONUMENTS IN LINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO.
Signal of Peace.
MANZ
Buffalo Herd. Bridge Over Lagoon.
Flower Beds,
Artesian Fountain,
VIEWS IN LINCOLN PARK, CHICAGO.
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
the population of the infant settlement by draw- ing to it settlers from the interior for purposes of mutual protection. Town organization was effected on August 10, 1832, the total number of votes polled being 28. The town grew rapidly for a time, but received a set-back in the financial crisis of 1837. During May of that year, how-
ever, a charter was obtained and Chicago became a city. The total number of votes cast at that time was 703. The census of the city for the 1st of July of that year showed a population of 4,180. The following table shows the names and term of office of the chief city officers from 1837 to 1899:
YEAR.
MAYOR.
CITY CLERK.
CITY ATTORNEY.
CITY TREASURER.
.
1837
Wm. B. Ogden ..
I. N. Arnold, Geo. Davis (1). Geo. Davis
N. B. Judd ..
Hiram Pearsons.
1838
Buckner S. Morris
N. B. Judd.
Hiram Pearsons.
1839
Benj. W. Raymond ..
Wm. H. Brackett.
Samuel L. Smith.
Geo. W. Dole.
1940
Alexander Lloyd
Thomas Hoyne
Mark Skinner.
W. S. Gurnee, N. H. Bolles(2)
1841
F. C. Sherman ..
Thomas Hoyne
Geo. Manierre
N. H. Bolles.
1842
Benj. W. Raymond.
J. Curtis ..
Henry Brown ..
F. C. Sherman.
1843
Augustus Garrett.
James M. Lowe
G. Manierre. Henry Brown(3) Heury W. Clarke
Walter S. Gurnee.
1845
Aug.Garrett, Alson S.Sherman(4) John P. Chapin.
Henry B. Clarke
Charles H. Larrabee
Wm. L. Church.
1847
James Curtiss
Henry B. Clarke
Patrick Ballingall
Andrew Getzler.
1848
James H. Woodworth
Sidney Abell.
Giles Spring
Wm. L. Church.
1849
James H. Woodworth
Sidney Abell
O R. W. Lull .
Wm. L. Church.
1850
James Curtiss.
Sidney Abell
Henry H. Clark
Edward Manierre.
1851
Walter S. Gurnee.
Henry W. Zimmerman
Henry H. Clark
Edward Manierre.
1852
Walter S. Gurnee
Henry W. Zimmerman
Arno Voss.
Edward Manierre.
1853
Charles M. Gray.
Henry W. Zimmerman
Arno Voss.
Edward Manierre.
1854
Ira L. Milliken
Henry W. Zimmerman
Patrick Ballingall
Urlah P. Harris.
1855 Levi D. Boone.
Henry W. Zimmerman
Wm. F De Wolf.
1856 Thomas Dyer.
Henry W. Zimmerman
J. L Marsh
O. J. Rose.
1859 John C. Haines
H. Kreisman ..
Geo. F. Crocker.
Alonzo Harvey.
1861 Jullan S. Rumsey
A. J. Marble.
Ira W. Buel.
W. H. Rice.
1862 F. C. Sherman
A. J. Marble.
Geo. A. Meech
F. H. Cutting, W. H. Rice (7)
1863
F. C. Sherman
H. W. Zimmerman
David A. Gage.
1864
F. C. Sherman
Francis Adams.
David A. Gage.
1865 John B. Rice
Albert H. Bodman
Daniel D. Driscoll.
A. G. Throop.
1866 |John B. Rice
Albert H. Bodman
Daniel D. Driscoll.
A. G. Throop.
1867
John B. Rice
Albert H. Bodman.
Hasbrouck Davis
Wm. F. Wentworth.
1868 John B. Rice
Albert H. Bodman.
Hasbrouck Davis
Wm. F. Wentworth.
1869
John B. Rice (8)
Albert H. Bodman.
Hasbrouck Dayis
Wm. F. Wentworth.
1870
R. B. Mason ..
Charles T. Hotchkiss
Israel N. Stiles.
David A. Gage.
1871
R. B. Mason.
Charles T. Hotchkiss.
Israel N. Stiles
David A. Gage.
1872 Joseph Medill
Charles T. Hotchkiss.
Israel N. Stiles
David A. Gage.
1874 Harvey D. Colvin
Jos. K. C. Forrest
Egbert Jamieson
Daniel O'Hara.
1875
Harvey D. Colvin
Jos. K. C. Forrest
Egbert Jamieson
Daniel O'Hara.
1876
Monroe Heath,(9) H. D. Colvin, Thomas Hoy ne
Caspar Butz.
R. S. Tuthill
Clinton Briggs. Chas. B. Larrabee.
1879-80
Carter H. Harrison
P. J. Howard
Julius S. Grinnell
W. C. Seipp.
1881-82 Carter H. Harrison
P. J. Howard
Julius S. Grinnell
Rudolph Brand.
1883-84 Carter H. Harrison.
John G. Neumeister
Julius S. Grinnell
John M. Dunphy.
1885-86
Carter H. Harrison
C. Herman Plautz
Hempstead Washburne.
Wn. M. Devine.
1887-88
John A. Roche.
D. W. Nickerson
Hempstead Washburne.
C. Herman Plautz.
1889-90
Dewitt C. Cregier.
Franz Amberg.
Gev. F. Sugg ..
Bernard Roesing.
1891-92
Hempstead Washburne ..
James R. B. Van Cleave
Jacob J. Kern, G.A. Trude (10)
Peter Kiolbassa.
1893-94
Carter H. Harrison, Geo. B. Swift,(11) John P. Hopkins. (11) Chas. D. Gastfield.
Geo. A. Trude.
Michael J. Bransfield.
1895-96
Geo. B. Swift
James R. B. Van Cleave
Roy O. West
Adam Wolf.
1897-98
Carter H. Harrison, Jr.
William Loeffler.
Mlles J. Devine
Ernst Hummel.
1899 ---
Carter H. Harrison, Jr.
William Loeffler.
Andrew J. Ryan
Adam Ortseifen.
(1) I. N. Arnold resigned, and Geo. Davis appointed, October, 1837.
(2) Gurnee resigned, Bolles appointed his successor, April, 1840.
(3) Manierre resigned, Brown appointed his successor, July, 1843.
(4) Election of Garrett declared illegal, and Sherman elected at new election, hield April, 1844.
(5) Brown appointed to fill vacancy caused by resignation of Rucker.
(6) Harvey resigned and Hunt appointed to fill vacancy.
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