Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of Edgar County, Part 130

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn
Publication date: 1905
Publisher: Chicago : Munsell
Number of Pages: 876

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649

HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.

Huston, W. D. Cole, Granville Cretors, B. L. Marshall.

1898 .- Mayor, David D. Huston; Clerk, C. H. Hodge; Treasurer, F. M. Rude; Attorney, J. E. Dyas; Police Magistrate, E. W. Snyder; Aldermen: H. Dollarhide, S. E. Eads, G. W. Marley, W. T. Blackburn, W. D. Cole, J. H. C. Gist, B. L. Marshall, Z. T. Baum.

1899 .- Mayor, Zachary T. Baum; Clerk, C. H. Hodge; Treasurer, Horace Link; Attorney, J. E. Dyas; Police Magistrate, E. W. Snyder; Aldermen: S. E. Eads, Ed F. Miller, W. T. Blackburn, E. O. Laughlin, J. H. C. Gist, W. D. Cole, Al Bell, J. J. Stevenson.

1900 .- Mayor, Z. T. Baum; Clerk, C. H. Hodge; Treas- urer, Horace Link; Attorney, J. E. Dyas; Aldermen: Ed. Miller, Oscar Merkle, W. T. Blackburn, E. O. Laughlin, Al Bell, J. H. C. Gist, J. J. Stevenson, Ad. Crable, N. P. Smith, J. B. Bovell.

1901 .- Mayor, Z. T. Baum; Clerk, W. B. Logan; Treasurer, W. D. Cole; Attorney, W. H. Clinton; ' Aldermen: Ed. Miller, Oscar Merkle, W. T. Blackburn, E. O. Laughlin, J. H. C. Gist, Al Bell, J. J. Stevenson, Ad. Crable, M. B. McNutt, N. P. Smith.

1902 .- Mayor, Z. T. Baum; Clerk, W. B. Logan; Treas- urer, W. D. Cole; Attorney, W. H. Clinton; Aldermen : Oscar Merkle, Ed. Miller, W. T. Blackburn, E. O. Laughlin, Al. Bell, J. H. C. Gist, Thos. Huls, J. J. Stevenson, N. P. Smith, E. B. McNutt.

1903 .- Mayor, Z. T. Baum; Clerk, W. B. Logan; Treasurer, Walter Juntgen; Attorney, R. S. Dyas; Aldermen: Oscar Merkle, Ed. Miller, W. T. Black- burn, E. O. Laughlin, Al. Bell, J. H. C. Gist, J. J. Stevenson, Andrew Ochs, N. P. Smith.

1904 .- Mayor, Z. T. Baum; Clerk, W. B. Logan; Treasurer, W. W. Juntgen; Attorney, R. S. Dyas; Aldermen: Ed. Miller, E. O. Laughlin, J. J. Stevenson, Mora Athon, T. C. McCord, Thomas Huls, J. H. C. Gist, F. D. Lydick, Andrew Ochs.

FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS.

The fraternal organizations of the city are as follows: MASONIC .- Palestine Commandery, No. 27 Knights Templar; Edgar Chapter, No. 32 R. A. M .; Paris Lodge, No. 268 A. F. & A. M .; Prairie Lodge, No. 77 A. F. & A. M .; Masonic Protective Association of Edgar County; Star Protective Association.

GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC .- Driskell Post, No. 209.

WOMAN'S RESERVE CORPS .- Driskell Relief Corps, No. 87.

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS: Austin Lodge, No. 664; Edgar Lodge, No. 91; Paris Encamp- ment, No. 21; Sinai Rebekah Lodge, No. 36; Odd Fel- low's Benefit Association of Edgar County.

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS .- Apollo Lodge, No. 57. ELKS .- Paris Lodge, B. P. O. E. No. 812.

MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA .- Paris Camp, No. 249.

A. O. U. W .- Illinois Grand Lodge; Office of Grand Recorder; Charity Lodge, No. 100.

TRIBE OF BEN HUR .- Paris Court, No. 4.

I. O. M. A .- Celestial Lodge, No. 9.

FRATERNAL ORDER EAGLES. - Paris Aerie F. O. E.

LABOR ORGANIZATIONS .- Federal Labor Union, No. 10802; United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America, Local No. 1334; Brick Masons' Union, Local No. 48; Broom Makers' Union, Local No. 34; Glass Blowers' Union; Plasterers' Union, No. 274.

CHAPTER X.

MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT.

RAILROAD HISTORY-PIONEER LINES-CHANGES AND PRESENT ASSOCIATIONS-RAILWAY STATIONS AND MARKET FACILITIES-RAILWAY MILEAGE WITHIN THE COUNTY-AGRICULTURAL AND LIVE- STOCK INTERESTS -- TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE SYSTEMS-STATIONS WITHIN EDGAR COUNTY- MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES-PIONEER METH- ODS OF MANUFACTURING CORN MEAL- GRIST AND SAW MILLS-EDGAR COUNTY IN THE "CORN BELT"-LARGE VARIETY OF CORN PRODUCTS -- SOME LATER MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES -- COUNTY FAIRS.

The transportation facilities of Edgar County are unusually ample, even for counties in the great railroad State of Ililnois. There are six lines of railroad traversing the county in as many directions, which in the order of their construction are as follows: The St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute (now a part of the "Big Four"), built in 1854-55, enters the county from the east, five miles north of the south line thereof, and proceeds northwest eight miles to a point near Paris, where it curves into Paris and thence, in an air-line fifteen miles, crossing the county line almost directly west of the point where it entered. This railroad greatly aided in the development of the county, as it came early and was the sole line for export and im- port which the people had for almost twenty years. The railroad connected east at Terre Haute, with the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad to Indianapolis, and thence to the sea- board by other lines. It has been one of the main railroad lines connecting the East and the West from the time it was finished to St. Louis, first under its original name, then as the Indianapolis & St. Louis Railroad, and now as the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, commonly known as the "Big Four." Along the line of this railroad in Edgar County are five stations besides Paris, viz .: Sandford, ' which bestrides the east line of the county, the depot being on the Indiana side of the State line; Vermilion, six miles east of Paris; Con- logue, four miles west of Paris; Dudley, still further west, and Kansas, fourteen miles west

650

HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.

of Paris. The equipment of this railroad for the freight and passenger traffic of the county is excellent.

In the early '70s three railroads were con- structed through Edgar County: The Paris & Decatur, later the Illinois Midland, and now the Terre Haute & Peoria-a part of the Vandalia system; the Paris & Danville, now Cairo, Vin- cennes & Chicago, which is now a part of the Big Four System; and the Indiana and Illinois, later the Indiana, Decatur & Western, which is now a part of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Day- ton System. These roads were all built and completed about the same time. The Terre Haute & Peoria enters the county from the east, near the southeast corner, from the main line of the Vandalia Railroad, and proceeds northwest to Paris, and thence westerly, cross- ing the county line three miles north of Paris. There are three stations on the line before Paris is reached, viz .: Ferrell, Marley and Nevins; and four stations west of Paris, viz .: Mays, Redmon, Borton and Isabel.

The Cairo, Vincennes & Chicago enters the county from the south, on a line with Paris, and proceeds north to Paris and thence to the north line of the county, crossing the county line about two miles east of a point directly north of where it entered. There are two stations south of Paris, viz .: Oliver and Swango; and five stations north of Paris, viz .: Wetzel, Hor- ace, Edgar, Chrisman and Woodyard.

The Indiana, Decatur & Western (now Cin- cinnati, Hamilton & Dayton) enters the county from the east, six miles south of the north line thereof, and proceeds on an air-line west. There are eight stations on this road, viz .: Raven, Scottland, Chrisman, Cherry Point, Garnes, Met- calfe, Hume and McCown.

Within a few years after the completion of these railroads, two more were constructed, both of which were first constructed as narrow- gauge roads, but soon changed to the standard guage. The Danville, Olney & Ohio River Rail- road (now a branch of the Illinois Central) enters from the south, near the southwest cor- ner of the county, and, proceeding north, bears east far enough to be from three to five miles from the west line of the county, until it passes into Vermilion County near Sidell, its northern terminus and junction with the Chicago & East- ern Illinois Railroad. On this line were eight sta- tions, viz .: Kansas, Warrenton, Borton, Broc- ton, Hughes, Hume, Jessie and Hildreth. The

Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City Railroad (now Toledo, St. Louis & Western) enters the county about midway of the west line and proceeds northeast, passing into Vermilion County a mile or so southwest of Ridge Farm in that county. On that road there are four stations, viz .: Broc- ton, Melwood, Metcalfe and Mortimer. The mileage of the main tracks of these railroads within the county is as much as one hundred and thirty-five miles, besides perhaps twenty- five to thirty miles of sidings. There are two railroad crossings in Paris and one, each, in Kansas, Borton, Brocton, Hume, Metcalfe and Chrisman-making eight in the county.

There are forty grain elevators on the rail- roads in the county, all possessing modern facil- ities for receiving and shipping corn and other grains. During the harvesting of corn-say from October 15th until December 15th-these elevators and their adjacent cribs receive vast quantites of corn-hundreds of thousands-yes, millions of bushels; and the threshing thereof continues each year until planting comes round again in the spring. It is sent to the sea-board to all principal ports for export, and throughout the States where corn is not grown abundantly.

Years ago the corn produced was fed to cattle and hogs which were driven to Chicago, Cin- cinnati, Pittsburgh-or, may be, to the Wabash River, at Clinton and Terre Haute-slaughtered there and shipped by flat-boat to the lower Mis- sissippi markets. With the railroad facilities for transportation east, north and south, the production of corn became more profitable than the feeding cattle and hogs, and the live-stock business, in the large way it was once carried on, went out of fashion and big feeders are no longer found. More than twenty head of cattle in a bunch are seldom seen in the county, where, before this transformation in the way of markets, there were hundreds and hundreds in the herds, in the pastures and feeding grounds.

TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONES.

With the railroads came the telegraph lines connecting the railroad stations with the rest of the civilized world. The first line ran along- side the Terre Haute, Alton & St. Louis Rail- road, which reached Paris from the east in October, 1854, and was extended to Dudley and Kansas the next year. As each of the later railroads was constructed, the telegraph lines of the Western Union Telegraph Company im-

651

HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.

mediately followed. Paris has a commercial office and operator; all other operators are at the railroad stations, and are located as fol- lows: At Sandford, Vermilion, Paris, Dudley and Kansas, on the main line of the St. Louis Division of the Big Four; at Chrisman, Edgar, Wetzel, Paris and Oliver, on the Cairo Divi- sion of the Big Four; at Paris, Mays, Redmon, Borton and Isabel, on the Terre Haute & Peoria Railway; at Kansas, Borton, Brocton, Hume and Hildredth, on the Danville, Olney & Ohio River Railway; at Scottland, Chrisman, Cherry Point, Metcalfe and Brocton, on the Toledo, St. Louis & Western Railway-a total of twenty- six telegraph stations in the county.

In 1895 the construction of telephone lines was begun in Paris, and an exchange was es- tablished by P. G. Farrow, Feb. 18, 1896, with one hundred and twenty-six instruments, all within the city limits. Mr. Farrow had a fran- chise granted him by the city authorities for twenty years. He extended his lines to Red- mon, Mays, Tresner and Vermilion, at each of which places toll stations were located, and connections were effected with Chrisman, Ed- gar, Horace, Cherry Point, Metcalfe, Hume, Brocton, Isabel, Borton, Kansas, Wetzel, Scott- land, Logan, Clay's Prairie, and pretty much all over the county. In July, 1899, Mr. Farrow sold and conveyed his exchange and all his telephone assets to Messrs. Hamburger and others. At that time the exchange was directly connected with six hundred instruments, A corporation was formed with a capital stock of $50,000, with Dr. E. E. Jones, Dr. L. O. Jenkins, H. H. Van- Sellar and E. L. Wieder as stockholders. E. L. Wieder became manager, and the lines were ex- tended, and the scope of the exchange enlarged by connecting with the Bell Telephone Com- pany at Terre Haute, Marshall and other points. In June, 1902, the Edgar Telephone Company transferred all its assets to the Wabash Valley Telephone Company, Paris, Ill. The officers of this corporation are as follows: George W. Hughes, President; George W. Fair, Vice-Presi- dent; A. L. Keys, Secretary, and J. E. Parrish, Treasurer. This is a very strong corporation financially and otherwise, and its instruments are found in all of the business houses and most of the homes, in a large part of Edgar and Clark Counties.

In the towns of Grandview, Buck, Embarras and Kansas there is another telephone organiza- tion, which accommodates a good many citizens

and numbers its patrons by hundreds. There is also a Farmers' Telephone Company, which traverses the towns of Hunter and Brouillett Creek with its lines, but none except the Wabash Valley have an exchange or a switch- board in Paris.

MANUFACTURES.

The manufactories of Edgar County began with the horse mill for grinding corn, wheat, etc., for the early settlers. The first bread made in the county was made from corn reduced to meal by rubbing the ear on a "grater"-which was a piece of tin-plate perforated throughout its surface by some pointed instrument from one side, thus making the other side rough enough to cut away the corn when passed to and fro over it. This tin-plate was fastened to a board of convenient size and a good article of meal could be made in that way. It was a slow process, however, and for a large family some one would have to be employed all the time with the grater or the family would go hungry.

The horse-mill came early, and was the first attempt of the pioneers to use any other power than their own good right arms in the manu- facture of food for themselves. This mill was constructed with an immense wheel built around a shaft placed at such an inclination that horses or cattle, when driven upon it at the lower side, in attempting to ascend the incline, would set the wheel and shaft in motion, thus causing the mill-stones to revolve and grind the grain. The customers had to furnish the animals to run the mill, and the rule was "first come, first served," with the opportunity to use the mill- the owner being only concerned in taking "toll" from each grist ground on his mill. The cus- tomer, when his turn came (which might not be until sometime next day-in which case he must camp on the spot, or may be lose his place in the line), would drive his horses, oxen, or- in the event he had neither horses nor oxen, but had other cattle with weight enough to operate the mill-he would drive them onto the big wheel and keep them going up the incline in a continual, but ineffectual, effort to reach the top of the ever-moving declivity, until his grain was ground. This way of manufacturing food was rude and exceedingly slow; but in the days when such mills were in fashion they were as indispensable as the modern mills are now. The streams in the county were not of sufficient

652

HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.

volume to furnish water-power; and, if they had been, there was no one here able to equip a mill in that way. Some attempts were made to use water-power, but to little purpose.

As early as 1834, Leander Munsell built a steam flouring-mill in Paris, on the site of the present City Mill, owned by Brown & McCord. In fact, it is in some respects the same mill, and has an interesting history of seventy years' duration. The mill is situated in a mill-yard of old style amplitude, adjoining the original plat of the town of Paris as first laid out by the Commissioners who platted the twenty-six acres donated to Edgar County by Samuel Vance, in 1823; and while it has been often re- paired and reconstructed, and has kept pace with improvements in milling, and has had a number of different proprietors, its outer shape is quite as it was when built in 1834. Within, it is a model for a mill of its size, and a lively illustration of the truth of the saying that "A little mill will make money," when well man- aged.

Sutherland Brothers built a flouring-mill north of Paris, on Sugar Creek, in 1854, and afterwards added a distillery, both of which they operated until 1864, when the distillery, having been abandoned, the mill was purchased by Parrish and Mitchell, who conducted an ex- tensive milling business there for years. This mill was destroyed by fire while owned and operated by C. C. Link, who then built a flour- ing-mill on West Court Street, in Paris, and he and his sons operated it until 1902, when he transformed the building and rented it for other branches of business. Dill, Redmon & Bulkley erected a flouring mill in Paris on the railroad, at the crossing of North Main Street, in 1868, with a capacity of two hundred barrels per day. This mill has been modified to the "Plansifter process," and is now owned and operated by R. M. Link & Co. William Walker built a small flouring-mill on North Main Street in Paris, and it was conducted by him until his death, but the building is now used for other purposes. In the '50s, Mr. Levi Foulke owned and operated a flouring-mill near the railroad depot in Paris. During the Civil War this mill was destroyed by fire, and then Mr. Foulke established a flour- ing-mill in the village of Kansas, which he operated until his death, a few years later. A flouring-mill was built in Kansas by Mr. Tom Paxton, which was never run as such after Mr. Paxton's death. Mr. Gauntt also built a small

mill in Kansas, now owned by Mr. Wass. There is also a flouring-mill in the village of Redmon owned by a company of farmers and business men, and one in Chrisman, but they do little business. A flouring-mill was built in Ver- milion, but it was destroyed by fire. At this time but two flouring-mills in the county are successfully operated-those of Brown & Mc- Cord and Link & Co., in Paris. The quantity of wheat annually produced in the county is limited, and there is no especial demand for flouring-mills, as all the grocery and provision stores carry flour in stock at prices that dimin- ish the profits of milling. There is now proba- bly $40,000 invested in milling of that kind in the county.

The first manufactories that handled wool were the carding machines and fulling mills, and they came with the first settlers, or soon after them. Then came the "woolen mill," of which there were several in the county up to the time of the Civil War, and there was one in Paris as late as 1875, when it was destroyed by fire and never rebuilt. Few sheep are produced in the county now-not as many as there were years ago, when grazing was more profitable than corn-growing.

From the beginning the blacksmith and wagon-maker had their humble shops, not only in the county-seat and in the hamlets, but here and there at cross-roads; indeed, the usual way of commencing a town was by organizing a manufactory of that sort. There the horse- shoes, nails and all else of iron were made from the bars and rods which were brought from some port on the Wabash River; and the wood-work of the vehicles, plows and harrows were constructed in the same, or an adjacent shop, and ironed off ready for use. The black- smith and his shop yet remain, and will, per- haps, as long as horses are to be shod, plows to be sharpened and other tools of the farmer to be tinkered and repaired; but the wood-work -. er's attachment is supplanted by the implement and wagon factories, and the immense stocks of all such supplies are found in every village and city in the county.

In 1854 Graham & Henry organized a manu- factory of plows in connection with general . blacksmithing and wagon-making on East Wood Street, in Paris, which they conducted with suc- cess for fifteen or twenty years, employing a number of workmen; and for some years Lisbon Odenbaugh operated a manufactory for lighter

653

HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.

vehicles, such as buggies, carriages and spring- wagons. Odenbaugh went to the war in 1862 and never resumed his manufacturing, while Graham & Henry closed out their business when it ceased to be profitable because of competi- tion of the big plow factories.

In 1869 Hocket & Wood began the manufac- ture of buggies and carriages on Central Ave- nue, in Paris, and were succeeded in business by Wood & Long. They produced very supe- rior work while they were in the business, but discontinued because of the influx of cheaper work from large factories. In 1878 Foley & Son began the manufacture of light vehicles, and put out much first-class work for some years. Their manufactory is being operated now on a smaller scale, however, as the market is now heavily stocked with the cheaper product of large concerns.

Sometime early in the '80s John Merkle be- gan the manufacture of brooms in Paris on a small scale, which was continued until his death, a few years afterwards. The adjoining county of Douglas was then fast becoming a great broom-corn producing region, and that kind of farming was extending into Coles and Edgar Counties. When Mr. Merkle died his son Oscar continued the enterprise, taking into the partnership-which then comprised the widow and heirs of John Merkle, deceased-Clifford Wiley, who was a friend and a class-mate of `Oscar Merkle at DePauw University. These young men proceeded to organize the business on a broader basis, and to extend it in every direction with great success. Later on they found it expedient to change the concern into a corporation, which was done in 1893. A large building was erected at the junction of the Big Four and the Terre Haute & Peoria Railroads, and six thousand brooms are made every week- day in the year by the two hundred employes at this manufactory, and sold and sent to every State in the Union. The Merkle-Wiley Com- pany also deal in broom-corn in other ways than in the manufacture of brooms and kindred product. This company have a manufactory in Charleston, Coles County, and their business is the largest in that line in the United States.

The manufacture of lumber began, of course, with the first settlers' arrival, the tools being the axe, cross-cut and whip-saw, the augur, the adze, broadaxe and plane. With these tools the dwellings of the pioneers were constructed and

furnished with an amplitude that met all the needs of the occupants, and far happier days, and more of them, were passed in those early frontier homes than occur in many dwellings of palatial pretensions. The first manufactories in timber worth noting were the steam saw- mills, of which there have been many-enough to cut the timber in the county all to pieces. There is scarcely a tract of timber left of suffi- cient size to supply a mill with material to work upon. Frank Alexander is at this time operating a mill in a timber tract southwest of Paris, and Messrs. Foley have a saw-mill in Paris, at which they cut many thousand feet every day. Much of the material is shipped in from outside the county. The product is piled on sticks till seasoned, and then shipped to Bos- ton, and a great deal of this is exported. Only oak, walnut, ash, sugar-maple and like hard- woods are used in this manufactory.

In 1899 Frank Kidder came from Terre Haute, Ind., to Paris and engaged in the man- ufacture of the various products of which corn is capable, viz .: hominy, meal, grits, flakes, flour, etc. He purchased a building erected by the Merkle-Wiley Company for some purpose and made additions to it; built a large elevator and prepared to handle in his manufactory 5,000 bushels of corn daily, besides purchasing and receiving as much more as came in of corn and other grain to his elevator. Mr. Kidder's business was of great benefit to the growers of corn, especially as he required a great and cer- tain quantity each day, which, if not offered at his mill, must be purchased elsewhere and shipped in; therefore, he can afford to and does pay a higher price than the otherwise local market would justify.

In 1903 there was constructed in Paris a bot- . tle manufactory, which employs a large number of men and boys. A bonus of $15,000 was sub- scribed and paid to Messrs. Humphrey & Dearth to induce them to locate the plant in Paris, and they obligated themselves to keep their pay- roll up to $10,000 per month for five years.

A plant for canning vegetables has been in operation in the village of Kansas for ten years; and, although it was once destroyed by fire, it has been rebuilt and is now owned and suc- cessfully operated by Messrs. Kester, Shaver and Pinnell, and is very profitable to the farm- ers who produce the vegetables, as well as to the proprietors and their employes.

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HISTORY OF EDGAR COUNTY.

There is a glove factory in Paris, owned and operated by Messrs. Vance & Dillon, which em- ploys a number of people.

The manufacture of cigars is carried on by Slanker Brothers and by H. A. Bridgeman.

Just now (August, 1904), the construction of an Interurban Car Manufactory has been be- gun, which includes a two hundred thousand dollar plant, and which will employ four hun- dred men. All the atmospheric work has been done, and now the site has been purchased and the erection of the buildings which are to com- prise the manufactory will soon commence.

COUNTY FAIRS.

In 1854 the Edgar County Agricultural Soci- ety was organized, and under its auspices were included agricultural and horticultural prod- ucts; the breeding and rearing of horses, cat- tle, sheep and hogs; also the production of woolen fabrics, harness and saddlery, vehicles of all kinds, useful and ornamental needle- work, painting, photography and all else that, usually belongs to a County Fair of the first class. The first officers were S. H. Elliott, President; S. P. Read, Secretary; William Kile, Treasurer, and Leander Munsell, John Ten Brook and William Kile, Directors. The first exhibition was held in October, 1854, in the grove on Mr. Magner's farm, on the Cherry Point road. These premises are now owned by Capt. Jobn C. Palmer. It was an ideal spot for the Society to begin its successful career. A beautiful grove of fine forest trees, near by a spring of good water, and just far enough from the public square in Paris to be comfortable for the crowd which then came to see this new show of Edgar County farmers. This start in the show business was neither extensively nor very minutely prepared. It was somewhat of an experiment. The premises were not enclosed by a fence that shut off a view from any side; there was no stable for stock of any kind; the horses were hitched to trees, and the other animals herded together in such manner as seemed best to the exhibitors. There were some shelters erected for the protection of such exhibits as would be easily damaged by the weather. There were over four hundred en- tries, and the show paid-i. e., money enough was received from entries and admission fees to pay the premiums and expenses. The profits on the exhibition were insignificant, when pecuniarily considered, but were immense when

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Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of Edgar County, Part 130

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn Publication date: 1905 Publisher: Chicago : Munsell Number of Pages: 876

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn
Publication date: 1905
Publisher: Chicago : Munsell
Number of Pages: 876