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977.301 Sa2b v.2 1195444
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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 01071 0041 n
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HISTORICAL
ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
ILLINOIS
EDITED BY
NEWTON BATEMAN, LL. D.
PAUL SELBY, A. M.
STATE
SOVEREIGNTY
NATIONA
AND HISTORY OF
ST. CLAIR COUNTY
EDITED BY A. S. WILDERMAN A. A. WILDERMAN VOLUME II.
ILLUSTRATED
977.301 Sa 26 V.2
CHICAGO: MUNSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1907.
PREFATORY STATEMENT.
1195444
To the Citizens of St. Clair County :
Having been repeatedly requested to prepare a history of St. Clair County, to be published in connection with the "Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois," as a special St. Clair County edition, I have, after mature con- sideration and consultation with friends, consented to do so to the best of my ability. I am prompted to assume the task because I believe it a duty that every citizen owes to old St. Clair-the Mother of counties-to assist in presenting to the world her story which, reaching backward into the latter half of the seventeenth century, is rich in all that goes to make up the aggregate of the history of our American Nation. Indeed, I do not believe there is any county in the whole country comprised within the origi- nal boundaries of "Territory Northwest of the River Ohio" that surpasses St. Clair in the richness of the material which gives interest to its early, as. well as its later, history.
Within its limits were established the first permanent white settlements in the Mississippi Valley, and by these settlers were planted those village communities which still exist, with their peculiar land systems so vividly described by Sir Henry Maine, so unique and so little understood by the present generation, but so dear to the Indo-Germanic stock of both the West and Far East. The earliest of these white settlers were those daring Frenchmen who sought to establish a French Empire in the New World, and those devoted French Catholic fathers who came to teach the great lesson of humanity to the Indian aborigines. A century later came a stream of hardy American pioneers, whose descendants are, to-day, pushing onward and upward in the march of progress, making this country, once a wilderness and the home of wild beasts and wilder men, one of the fore- most in all that conduces to the welfare and prosperity of the human race. A little later there came the frugal and thrifty Germans, the mercurial, good-humored Irishmen, as well as the sturdy Englishmen, to enjoy the advantages of our country's fertile soil, its exhaustless mines, its proximity to the early markets and its choice climate, and to assume their share of the burdens and responsibilities incident to the development of a new country, the making of it the home of comfort and culture. It is the story of these people-especially of the pioneer men and women-their struggles and suf- ferings, their patriotism and their triumphs, which it is the purpose of the proposed publication to tell.
It is to be regretted that this enterprise could not have been undertaken when the stories of those who were the chief actors in our earlier history could have been learned from their own lips, but the task, important as it is,
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
should be deferred no longer. Many of you, like myself, have spent your lives in this county ; have grown up with it and been a part of its history. Believing that you will feel a just pride in the story of St. Clair County, I feel justified in appealing to you for assistance in this undertaking. Many of you are, no doubt, in possession of facts pertaining to our local history and representative families, and these you are earnestly requested to com- municate to me in brief outline, by mail at Belleville. It may not be pos- sible to use all material in full as furnished, but all important facts, thus communicated, will find their proper place in the work.
A. S. Wildenman
Editor.
PREFACE.
The foregoing letter, written by my father when he first undertook the preparation of this History of St. Clair County, is self-explanatory. Before assuming the duties and responsibilities of the same as historian and editor, he obtained my co-operation as assistant in this capacity, and we labored in conjunction with each other for months, gathering from many and varied sources the material necessary for the completion of the work. While a large proportion of the data was in hand at the time of his decease, some of it had not been placed in manuscript form for printing. With redoubled energy and intensified interest, I have, therefore, sought, in the completion of this history-which may well be regarded as my father's last great life- work-to bring it, with well rounded proportions, to a reasonable degree of completeness and, as nearly as practicable, up to date. In the performance of this task I have been ably assisted by some of my father's life-long and intimate friends, a number of whom have furnished contributions, which appear in the body of the work under their respective names.
My intimate association, from the outset, with my father in the task which he had undertaken, allied me very closely to the motives which in- spired him to the assumption of his duties in connection therewith. It was his belief that a debt due not only to the past and present, but also to future generations, could be best discharged by a competent and lasting record, which might serve, in the future, as a mile-stone in history. This history has been undertaken and has been written in the belief that it is needed; that man's immortal instincts revolt at the thought of past virtues and achievements being buried in oblivion-that the fruitage of lives which have accomplished results, epitomized in the word "History," should be forgotten -that lessons of faithful doing, of self-sacrifice, zealous faith and daring courage should fail of their high accomplishment by way of example and inspiration to others, because no one has recorded them-or that present and future generations should be deprived of these teachings, examples and educational forces, simply for the want of a proper and available published record of many facts, now having an existence only in the memory of a few individuals who cannot long remain, and whose passing away will place them beyond the reach of those who come after.
Hence. this history, with the deficiencies, imperfections and shortcom- ings always incident to human authorship, is submitted in the belief that it will have a value, not only to the citizens of St. Clair County, but to many others interested in State history.
I desire to express the sincere thanks not only of myself but of our family, to my father's many friends for their helpful assistance rendered in
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
the compilation of this work, and also express the hope that the finished volumes will meet the wishes and expectations of the patrons, and have for them an interest commensurate with the labor and expense incurred in their preparation. In closing, I feel impelled to recognize the credit that is due to the publishers for the pecuniary outlay which they have necessarily borne in issuing it from the press, as well as the great care evidently taken in the preparation of the whole work and the placing it in completed form before its readers.
1 truly augenta a. Wilde Assistant Editor.
INDEX.
CHAPTER I.
PREHISTORIC RACES.
Evidence of the Presence of Two Races Before the Coming of the Indians-The Moundbuilders and Their Monuments in St. Clair County-Cahokia, or "Monks' Mound," in the American Bottom-Description of These Prehistoric Works by Mc- Adams, Breckenridge, Squier and Davis-Other Remnants of This Famous Group-Their Estimated Number and Extent- Nature as a Moundbuilder 649-651
CHAPTER II. INDIAN OCCUPANTS.
The Algonquin Confederacy-Location of Tribes in the Latter Part of the Seventeenth Century-Destructive Campaigns of the Iroquois-Origin of the Villages of Cahokia and Kaskaskia- Fate of Pontiac-The Story of Chief Du Quoin-Turkey Hill an Indian Camping Ground-Reminiscences of Mrs. La Compt and Her Influence on the Indians-William Biggs-Graphic Story of His Experience as a Prisoner-The Whitesides and Other Early Indian Fighters-Appeal of the Early Settlers to the President for Protection in 1809-Conditions at the Begin- ning of the War of 1812-"The Red Man's Last Roll Call" 651-659
CHAPTER III. NATURAL CONDITIONS.
Topography-Location, Dimensions and Boundaries of St. Clair County-Soil and Streams-Natural Springs-Fauna: Native Wild Animals, Birds, Fishes and Reptiles-Flora: Grasses, Trees, Fruits and Other Plants. 659-662
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
CHAPTER IV.
FIRST WHITE SETTLEMENT.
Early French Missions-Apocryphal Character of Their History- Kaskaskia on the Upper Illinois-Removal to the Second Kas- kaskia and Cahokia-Permanent Occupation Begins about 1700-Decadence of French Settlements-Occupation by the English Under Treaty of 1763-First Land Speculations-The George Rogers Clark Conquest-The Brady Expedition Against Fort St. Joseph-A Double British and Indian Attack on Ca- hokia and St. Louis-The Former Defeated by Prompt Action of . .. 662-667 Col. Clark-Characteristics of the Early French Settlers. .
CHAPTER V. A NOTABLE COUNCIL.
A Sequel to the Clark Expedition-Bloodless Capture of Kaskaskia and Cahokia-Col. George Rogers Clark's Council With the Cahokias-His Policy of Grim and Silent Determination-A Gathering of Tribesmen-Clark's Effective Speech-A Murder Plot Foiled-The Intended Murderers Sue for Peace and Become Allies 667-671
CHAPTER VI. COUNTY ORGANIZATIONS.
Illinois County Organized in 1778-Embraced the Region North- west of the Ohio and East of the Mississippi-Col. John Todd Military Commandant-Territory Ceded by the States to the General Government-Ordinance of 1787-Gov. St. Clair's Proclamation Organizing St. Clair County-The County as Part of Indiana Territory-Present Boundaries and Area. 671-673
CHAPTER VII. AMERICAN SETTLEMENTS.
Turkey Hill the Location of the First American Settlement in St. Clair County-List of Notable Pioneers-Whence They Came, Where They Located and the Part They Played in Founding a New Commonwealth-The Scotts, Shorts, Quicks, Whitesides. Ogles, Lemens, William Biggs, John Messinger, the Bradleys and Others Who Came Before the War of 1812-Some Later Comers-The Moores, Beairds, Wests, Mitchells, Harrisons, John Reynolds, John M. Peck and Others Who Have Left Their Impress on the County's History
673-676
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
CHAPTER VIII.
LIFE OF THE PIONEERS.
Whence the First Settlers Came-Primitive Conditions-Early Homes and Methods of Construction-Furnishings, Fashions and Social Customs-The Pioneer Pastimes-Agricultural Methods-Stories of Indian Troubles-Punishment of Criminals -Lynch Law-Early Roads-Milling Trips-Life in the Amer- ican Bottom-First Naturalized Citizens-German Immigration Sets In-List of Naturalized Citizens-Immigration Statistics .. 676-683
CHAPTER IX. POLITICAL.
Part Borne by Citizens of St. Clair County in Early Territorial and State Governments-Territorial Officers-Constitutional Conventions and County Delegates-State Officers: Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, Secretaries of State, State Treasurers and Superintendents of Public Instruction-United States Sen- ators Who Were Citizens of St. Clair County-Representatives in Congress-Presidential Electors-Congressional Apportion- ments-General Assembly-List of State Senators and Repre-
683-688 sentatives-Speakers and other Officers.
CHAPTER X. COUNTY GOVERNMENT.
Civil Government Organized in St. Clair County-Justices of the Court of Common Pleas-First County Court Organized in 1813-County Commissioners-List of County Judges and As- sociates-Circuit Judges, Clerks and Prosecuting Attorneys- Sheriffs and Other County Officers-Town Officers and County Subdivisions 688-692
CHAPTER XI. PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
First St. Clair County Court House at Cahokia-First Court of Common Pleas-Territorial Law Relating to Public Buildings- County-seat Located at Belleville in 1814-First Court House Building There-Enlargement in 1831-Hon. Charles P. John- son's Description of Building-Noted Men Who Have Spoken There-Present Court House Erected in 1861-Addition Built in 1893-Other County Buildings-Belleville and East St. Louis City Halls-Public Libraries 692-695
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
CHAPTER XII.
COURTS.
Courts Under French and English Jurisdiction-Under Virginia Laws-Col. John Todd Lieutenant Commandant-First Judges at Cahokia-Early Territorial Laws-Some Fragmentary Rec- ords-Organization Under Governor St. Clair-Court of Com- mon Pleas and Quarter Sessions-First Prosecuting Attorneys- Territorial Judges-A Justice's Address-First Grand Jury Re- port-Odd Punishments-A Grand Jury of 1796-First Coro- ner's Inquest-Imprisonment for Debt-The Early Bar-Early . Courts at Belleville-Supreme and Circuit Judges Who Officiated in St. Clair County-Prosecuting Attorneys, Circuit Clerks and Early Sheriffs-Reynolds' Reminiscences of Early Courts-A Notable Murder Case-Enforcement of the Anti-dueling Law- Judicial Circuits-United States Court-County Courts, Jus- tices and County Commissioners.
696-706
CHAPTER XIII.
CIVIL SUBDIVISIONS.
Precincts First Organized Subdivisions-Township Organization Adopted in 1884-The Precinct System Under Different Con- stitutions and State Laws-Board of County Commissioners- Last List of Precincts-List of Townships Organized in 1884- Township Supervisors Assume Jurisdiction Over County Af- fairs-Addition to Townships-Members of Present County Board (1906) 706-708
CHAPTER XIV.
PRECINCTS AND TOWNSHIPS (WESTERN.)
Old Precincts of Cahokia, Caseyville, Centerville, East St. Louis, French Village, Prairie du Pont and Richland-Pioneer History -Early Settlements and First Land Entries-Coal Deposits and a Silver Mine Story-Township Organization and Present List of Town Officers-Caseyville, Centerville Station, East St. Louis, Millstadt, Prairie du Long, Stites, Sugar Loaf and Stook- ey Townships-Location and Area-Present Officers. . 708-716
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
CHAPTER XV.
PRECINCTS AND TOWNSHIPS (NORTHEASTERN.)
Precinct History-O'Fallon, Lebanon, Summerfield, Belleville, Shiloh and Mascoutah Precincts-Some Noted Pioneers-The Ogles, Lemens, Bradsbys, Thomas Higgins, Rev. John M. Peck and Others-Some Later Comers to Lebanon Precinct-Promi- nent Citizens of German Birth-General Hecker, the Engel- manns and Others-Items of Local History-Present Township Organizations and Officials-Smithton, St. Clair, O'Fallon, Leb- anon, Mascoutah, Engelmann, Shiloh Valley and Belleville Townships. 717-728
CHAPTER XVI.
PRECINCTS AND TOWNSHIPS (SOUTHEASTERN.)
Early Local History-Fayetteville, St. Clair and Athens Precincts- Location and Boundaries-First Settlers-An Old Witch Story- First Land Entries-Personal Reminiscences-Mills, Churches and School-houses-Coming of European Emigrants-A Kas- kaskia River Steamer-Early Methods of Water Transportation -Present Township Organization-Fayetteville, New Athens, Lenzburg, Freeburg and Marissa Townships-Present Township Officers. 728-733
CHAPTER XVII. CITY OF BELLEVILLE.
Removal of Seat of Justice From Cahokia-Compton Hill Becomes the Site of the New County Seat and Receives the Name of Belle- ville-Site Selected in 1813-Some Early Settlers-Other Early Events and Conditions-Business Beginnings-Mills and Millers -Commercial History-City Incorporated in 1850-Mayors and Other Municipal Officers-Fire Department-Postmasters-New Federal Building-Belleville Newspapers-Some Notable Events -The Bennett and Stuart Duel-Cholera Visitations-Charles Dickens' Visit-Public Library. 733-751
CHAPTER XVIII. EAST ST. LOUIS.
General History-Richard McCarty the First Settler-Captain Pig- gott and Other Early Comers-Wiggins Ferry Established in
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
1816-Lafayette's Visit-"Bloody Island" and Some Notable Duels-Floods and Tornadoes-Jacksonville and Illinoistown Early Villages-Commercial and Industrial Development-Rail- roads, Manufactures, and Live-stock Trade-City Incorporated -Municipal Officials-Postmasters-Prospective Federal Build- ing-Business Men's Organizations-The Eads Bridge-Other Local Improvements-National Stock Yards-Churches and Schools-Press and Public Library-Lawyers and Physicians -To Whom Honor is Due.
752-768
CHAPTER XIX. TOWNS, VILLAGES AND HAMLETS.
Mascoutah - Lebanon - O'Fallon - Caseyville - Millstadt - Marissa-New Athens-Summerfield-Fayetteville-Lenzburg -Freeburg-Darmstadt-East Carondelet-Cahokia and its Early History-Prairie du Pont-French Village-Smithton- Other Villages, Hamlets and Railway Stations-Places of Com- mercial or Historic Interest-Rural Newspapers of To-day- Freeburg Tribune-Lebanon Journal and Lebanon Leader- Marissa Messenger-Der Mascoutah Anzeiger, Mascoutah Her- ald and Mascoutah Times-Millstadt Enterprise-O'Fallon Progress-New Athens Journal. 768-791
CHAPTER RAILROADS-STEAM AND ELECTRIC.
Retrospective-River Navigation-First Railroad in the Mississippi Valley-Railroad from Caseyville to Brooklyn-Illinois & St. Louis Coal Company's Road-The Ohio & Mississippi-Terre Haute & St. Louis-Cairo Short Line-Chicago, Alton & St. Louis-St. Louis, Vandalia & Terre Haute-Decatur & East St. Louis-Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis-Cairo & St. Louis- St. Louis & Southeastern-Belleville & O'Fallon Line-East St. Louis & Carondelet Railroad-Other Railway Enterprises-The Great Railway Systems of Today-East St. Louis as a Railroad Center-The Eads Bridge-Street Railways, Past and Present Development of the East St. Louis & Suburban System-The Mc- Kinley Electric Line-Other Interurban Enterprises-Telegraph and Telephone Systems. 791-801
CHAPTER XXI. MANUFACTURES.
The Early Mills-First Methods of Manufacturing Corn Meal- The Tin Grater-Days of the Hand-mill and Hominy Mortar-
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
The Horse-power Saw-mill-The First Water Mill-A Primitive Wind Mill-The McCarty, Shook, Jarrot, Chapman, Quick, Riggs, Alexander and Other Pioneer Mills-Milling and Other Manufacturing Enterprises of a Later Period-Number of Man- ufactories in East St. Louis and Belleville-Factory Statistics of 1900. 801-804
CHAPTER XXII. COAL DEPOSITS, MINES AND QUARRIES.
St. Clair County as a Coal-mining Region-Reynold's Account of the First Discovery-Uses of Coal, and its Influence on Manufactur- ing Enterprises-Extent and Quality of the Coal Measures- Principal Mining Localities-Mines and Mine Operators of 1880 and 1904-Oil Discovery-Lime and Building Stone-Cement- Fire and Potter's Clays. 804-808
CHAPTER XXIII. LAND GRANTS-GOVERNMENT SURVEYS.
Land System of Early French Settlers-Village Communities- French Commons System-No Land Grants Made Under Eng- lish Dominion-American Land Grants-Military and Other Grants by Virginia and by Acts of Congress-Grants to Set- tlers by Territorial Governors-Militia and Head Right Grants Under Act of Congress of 1791-Land Title Litigation-Gov- ernment Land Surveys. 808-810
CHAPTER XXIV. AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE.
St. Clair County Soil and Products-History of Farming Methods- Early Shipments of Corn to New Orleans by Flat-boat-Develop- ment of the Country as a Grain Producing Region-Wheat the Leading Agricultural Industry-Grains, Fruits Grasses and Vegetables-Statistics of Crops According to the Census of 1900. 811-814
CHAPTER XXV. INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITIONS.
St. Clair County Agricultural Society Organized in 1853-Earlier Attemps to Effect an Organization-M. T. Stookey's History of Fairs from 1854 to 1882-Men Who Were Prominent in Effect- ing an Organization and in the Management of Fairs-List of Officers-Varying Success of Different Periods-Fairs of 1882 to 1905-Belleville the Seat of Principal Exhibitions-Street Fairs.
814-820
1
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
CHAPTER XXVI.
FINANCIAL.
Banking Institutions of St. Clair County-Trust and Loan Associa- tions-Banks of East St. Louis: First National; Southern Illi- nois National; Citizens' Savings and Trust Company; Illinois State Trust Company ; Union Trust and Savings; and National Stock Yards Bank-Belleville Banks: Belleville Savings; First National; Belleville Bank and Trust Company-First National Bank of Marissa-Banks of O'Fallon and Lebanon-Other Loan Organizations. 820-826
CHAPTER XXVII. THE PROFESSIONS.
Pioneer Lawyers-John Rice Jones, William Mears, David Black- well, John Reynolds, Adam W. Snyder and Other Early Mem- bers of the Bar at Cahokia and Belleville-Judge Joseph Gil- lespie's Reminiscences of Governor Reynolds-Lawyers of a Later Period: Lyman Trumbull, James Shields, The Morrisons, William H. Underwood and Others-The Bar of 1870 and 1880 -Early Physicians-Some Notable Men Who Have Practiced Their Professions in St. Clair County-Drs. Saugrain, Estes, Goforth, Roman, Claypole, Reuss, Illinski, Perryman, Rubach, Washington West, Booth and Others Whose Names Have Been Inscribed on the County's History. 826-848
CHAPTER XXVIII. JOURNALISM.
First Half Century of Newspaper History of St. Clair County- Early Papers and Their Founders-Some Quaint, Old-fashioned Advertisements-Newspapers of Belleville, East St. Louis, Leba- non, Mascoutah, New Athens and Marissa-The Men Who Established, Edited and Printed Them-Long List of Men Who Led in Public Opinion During the Last Century 848-858
CHAPTER XXIX. EDUCATIONAL.
Early Colleges and Seminaries-First Colleges Chartered by the Illinois Legislature-History of McKendree College-Belleville Academy and Rock Springs Seminary-Catholic Schools- Belleville Kindergarten-Early French Schools at Cahokia- The District Schools-Introduction of Free Schools-Schools of the Present Day-History of Belleville Schools-School Bonds at a Premium-Present Teaching Force-East St. Louis Schools-Libraries.
859-886
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
CHAPTER XXX.
CHURCH HISTORY.
The Beginning of Christianity in St. Clair County-First Mission Established at Cahokia-Early Catholic and Protestant Mission- aries-Churches of Later Periods-First Methodist Church Founded at Shiloh in 1795-Some Notable Church Workers- The Ogles, Bishop McKendree, The Lemens, Rev. Salmon Gid- dings and Others-Names of Distinguished Pastors-Rev. John M. Peck, a Leader in Baptist Church Work-Presbyterian and Lutheran Organizations-Churches of the Present Day-Pastors and Other Officers 886-909
CHAPTER XXXI.
SUNDAY SCHOOLS-TEMPERANCE WORK.
Something of the Origin and Early History of Sunday Schools in St. Clair County-Fiftieth Anniversary of the Presbyterian Sun- day School at Belleville-Gov. Reynolds Moralizes on the Sub-' ject of Sunday Schools-Organized Sunday School Work- The St. Clair County Sunday School Association-Statistics of Membership and Attendance-Union Sunday School Work in East St. Louis Township-The Woman's Christian Temperance Union-History of the Lebanon and Belleville Unions-Other Temperance Organizations and Their Work. 910-917
CHAPTER XXXII.
PHILANTHROPIC INSTITUTIONS.
Hospitals and Homes-St. Agnes Infirmary for Old People-St. Vincent and St. Elizabeth Hospitals-St. John's Orphanage of Glen Addie-Belleville Contagion Hospital-St. Mary's and Henrietta Hospitals-Contagion Hospital and Stock Veterinary Institution at East St. Louis 917-918
CHAPTER XXXIII. MILITARY HISTORY.
War of 1812-Illinois Pioneers Prepare for the Struggle-Gov. . Edwards' Expedition Against Peoria-List of Early Militia Men -Winnebago and Black Hawk Wars-St. Clair County Citizens Who Took Part in Those Events-The Lincoln-Thompson Wrestling Match-Mexican War and the Part Borne in it by St.
-
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
Clair County Soldiers-Col. William H. Bissell, the Whitesides, Moores and Others-The Civil War-Numerous Organizations of Which St. Clair County Formed a Prominent Part-Long List of Important Battles-Spanish-American War. 918-939
CHAPTER XXXIV.
DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS.
Citizens of St. Clair County Who Have Won Distinction in the Army and Navy-Revolutionary War Pensioners-Soldiers Under Col. George Rogers Clark-Officers and Soldiers of the War of 1812-14-Participants in the Black Hawk War-Men Who Won Fame in the Mexican War-Heroes of the Civil and Spanish-American Wars 939-945
CHAPTER XXXV. THE SLAVERY ISSUE IN ILLINOIS.
St.Clair County in the "Irrepressible Conflict"-Negro Slavery In- troduced by the French and is Continued Under British Rule- The Ordinance of 1787-Attempt to Set it Aside in Illinois Ter- ritory-Remnants of the Institution-The "Black Laws" of 1819 -The Struggle of 1822-Some Reminiscences of Slavery Days in Illinois 945-950
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