USA > Illinois > St Clair County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of St. Clair County, Volume II > Part 57
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"The latter account is the most probable. For if there had been a mission among the Cahokia Indians prior to that time, their near neighbors, the Tammarais, would have known it. Then, too, it is generally conceded that Fathers Bineteau and Pinet established the mission of St. Sulpice, at Cahokia. Father Pinet, we find, had officiated at the Peoria mission, and, as Father Bineteau was offi- ciating at the Kaskaskia mission, then upon the Illinois River, in 1698, the founding of St. Sulpice must be placed a little later. Also, Kaskaskia was still on the Illinois River in 1699, when Father Marest was the officiating priest. And it was not moved till the fall of 1700, when the Indians moved south with Father Marest. It may be that Cahokia was established on the trip a few days earlier than
(1) The date here given (1699), as that of Tonty's search for La Salle, is possibly a typographical er- ror, as La Salle was asssasinated by some of his followers in what is now the State of Texas in 1687, and Tonty's expedition down the Mississippi in search of his great leader was made in the early part of the previous year. Some writers have claimed that the first settlement at Cahokia was made by the French as early as 1686-or even two years earlier-but in the light of researches made by Shea, Parkman and others on the basis of the "Jesuit Relations," this claim has generally been abandoned, and it is now commonly conceded that the first settlement at Cahokia was made in the early part of 1700, or, at the very earliest, in 1699.
Joseph Reichert.
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
Kaskaskia; or, if the year before, in either event, it is, next to Peoria, the oldest town in Illinois, Peoria having been established in 1680. The settlement of Cahokia and Kaskas- kia, therefore, dates from the year 1700, or earlier. Soon after the year 1700, other French settlements sprang up in Southwest- ern Illinois, through what are now St. Clair, Randolph and Monroe Counties. In 1718, Fort Chartres was commenced, which, for half a century, was the headquarters for the French government in the West, and which is now a heap of ruins. A year later, almost within the shadow of this great military fort, the village of St. Phillippe was begun. Of this there is now no vestige left. In 1722, Prairie du Rocher was established, and at that time, Kaskaskia boasted of a monastery and a college. Prairie du Pont, in this county, commenced in 1760, and about that time Cahokia boasted a mill for corn and planks. All through the Bottom, there are yet some traces of these early estab- lishments of water-mills and wind-mills, and churches and forts. They remain as the silent reminders of an age gone by and a hardy pioneer people who laid the foundation for the great commonwealth of Illinois.
"The French pioneers traded with their kins- men in the North and in the South, and used the great water-ways for their traffic. They were a simple people with but few wants and easily gratified. Their heroic virtues have left a grander heritage to their descendants than the royal heirlooms. Many of their descend- ants are still living in the old domain, fol- lowing the habits and the customs of their an- cestors, though it should be said to their eternal credit that they render constant hom- age to this country's flag and constitution. Of late years, they have had their annual re- unions on the 14th day of July, on which oc- casion they come together and renew their friendships, while commemorating the taking of the Bastile, in which some of their ances- tors participated in 1789. On these occasions, too, they sing the Marsellaise. . The lives of the French pioneers were full of sim- plicity and hospitality." [Here Mr. Perrin compared them with the Arcadians as pic- tured in "Evangeline."]
"In this manner, the French settlements grew and, indeed, flourished till 1675, when the British unfurled their banner here, and those
happy homes with all their tenants who re- mained, passed to another sovereign. They were not destined, however, to remain long under British occupation. . During the Revolutionary War, in 1778, Virginia, under the leadership of the immortal Patrick Henry, sent her soldiers beyond the Ohio to wrest the dominion from the English, under the com- mand of George Rogers Clark. . In
. July, 1778, they took the forts of old Kas- kaskia and Cahokia, and on the ramparts planted the flag of the 'Old Dominion.' All this country west of the Ohio then became Virginia property, with John Todd as com- mandant. Then came an influx of Americans to the American Bottom. In 1781, care Moore and Bond, and Rutherford and Kidd, and set- tled at the Beautiful Fountain in Monroe. Later on, the Lemens, Ogles, Pulliams, and Whitesides came. In 1784, the Illinois country was ceded to the United States by Virginia, and it was erected into the North- west Territory by the Ordinance of 1787, with Gen. Arthur St. Clair as the Territorial Gov- ernor until 1802. . . During this time oc- curred the famous Andrews massacre, which illustrates the mode of Indian warfare, and in which Andrews was shot through a hole in his log cabin, his wife and baby girl taken prisoners, the wife killed and the baby taken to Prairie du Chien, from where she was aft- erward brought back by the French traders. She was raised in the American Bottom, and married Henry Mace. As appropriate to the occasion, her grandson, R. H. Mace, is acting as Marshal of the Day. By virtue of a provision of the Ordinance of 1787, the Gov- ernor (among other powers quoted) was author- ized to proceed from time to time, as cir- cumstances might require, to lay out the parts of the district in which the Indian titles should have been extinguished, into counties and townships, subject, however, to such al- terations as might thereafter be made by the Legislature. By virtue of this authority was issued the proclamation dated on the 22d day of April, 1790, organizing the County of St. Clair, so named after the Governor. It was the first county organized within the pres- ent limits of our State, of which it embraced
nearly one-half. . . In the very year when this county was erected. the belief in witch- craft was prevalent, and two instances are re-
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
corded of negroes being executed. Judge Wil- liam H. Snyder remembers a conversation had in his youth, with a very aged French- man who had witnessed the execution of some negroes for witchery, and also witnessed the flying of some crows overhead immediately aft- erwards, and believed that the bad spirit had gone into the crows and was taking its flight.
"The organization of the State Government, with Kaskaskia as its capital, gave a stim- ulus to immigration. The tide poured in. All parts of the Union contributed. . In 1827, John M. Peck established a college at Rock Springs (half way between Lebanon and O'Fallon), the first educational institution in the West, which has since been transferred to Upper Alton and grown to be Shurtleff College. The Rock Springs Seminary was es- tablished before the day of railroads in the Mississippi Valley.
"The creaking of the wheels of Reynolds' train has ceased ,and the grand projector, too, has ceased from toil; and, after many busy years, now sleeps beneath the shade of Wal- nut Hill. A few years before the building of this railroad occurred the Black Hawk War, which will be recalled by the living survivors of the struggle, one of whom, Col. John Thom- as, who is here with us today on this plat- form, is living in our midst, hale and hearty at the age of ninety. After the close of this war commenced the first substantial German settlement of this county. Today a large part of our population is of German birth, origin and descent. . Other nationali- ties, too, have contributed their representa- tives, and in our county's borders may be found the industrious Englishman, sons of the Emerald Isle, and others; and, side by side, the natives and adopted people live in peace and smile upon this county's growth."
At the close of Mr. Perrin's address, Chair- man Thomas read a letter written by Gov- ernor Koerner, from La Salle, Ill., expressing his regret at not being able to be present. (This letter was printed in full in "The Ad- vocate," and extracts from it are here repro- duced) :
"Many came here quite young, many others have made themselves known to the public in this county, and, though they may afterwards have cast their lots elsewhere, may still be
claimed as St. Clair County men. They all be- . came more or less tinctured with the spirit of tolerance, liberality and enlightenment, which has, from early times, been a marked feature of our county.
"One of the earliest and best writers of the Western country was a life-long citizen of St. Clair. The late Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey came here as a boy and received his education here. Some other men of literary merit are still living among us. But it is in the walks of political and military life that the sons of St. Clair have acquired most distinction, and have given this county-though it is now surpassed in territory and population by a few other coun- ties-an enviable name and a great prestige. .
"St. Clair has given to the State two Gov- ernors and two Lieutenant-Governors; to the Senate of the United States two members, and to the House of Representatives seven mem- bers, some of whom have served several terms. Two citizens of St. Clair County held foreign missions; one was Commissioner of the Gen- eral Land Office at Waashington; one Secre- tary of State; two others State Treasurers; two State Superintendents of Common Schools; one Chairman of the Board of Railroad Com- missioners; one speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives. The Supreme Court of our State has counted two members from St. Clair County (including myself). Of the Judges of our judicial circuit, one was, for several terms, and one has been for a number of years and is now, from this county.
"In the Black Hawk War, we had Col. John Thomas, still surviving; in the Mexican War, General Shields and Colonel Bissell; in the War of Secession, I believe St. Clair County turned out more men in proportion to the num- ber of its population than any other county in the State, perhaps in the United States. . Major-General Osterhaus had made St. Clair County his first home in this country. Brigadier-Generals Kueffner and Engelmann are our fellow-citizens. Col. Julius Raith fell at Shiloh. Col. Mersy commanded most of the time a brigade. Col. Hecker was a citizen, and Col. Niles is still a resident of St. Clair County. I may have omitted some who were also staff officers."
Mr. Thomas then said he had another let- ter, written by a gentleman well known to the
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
whole country, George Washington, which he desired to read. It was the property of Dr. William St. Clair, a great-grandson of Gov. Arthur St. Clair, to whom it was addressed. Mr. Thomas said the letter would show a won- derful contrast in the manner in which men sought office at the time the letter was writ- ten and the way it is done now. The letter is as follows:
"Sir: Mr. Edward Tiffin solicits an appoint- ment in the Territory North West of the Ohio. The fairness of His Character in private and public life, together with a knowledge of law resulting from close application for a consid- erable time, will, I hope, justify the liberty I now take in recommending him to your at- tention; regarding with due attention the del- icacy, as wel as importance of the charac- ter in which I act; I am sure you will do me the justice to believe, that nothing but a knowledge of the Gentleman's merits founded upon long acquaintance could have induced me to trouble you upon this occasion.
"With sincere wishes for your happiness and welfare, I am, etc.,
"George Washington.
"May 5th, 1788."
"Governor St. Clair."
Mr. Thomas then introduced the Hon. Ly- man Trumbull to the audience, with many of whom Mr. Trumbull was personally acquainted, he having been a resident of St. Clair County for many years previous to his removal to Chicago. Mr. Trumbull was glad to meet the people of Old St. Clair, many of whom were his old friends and neighbors, and it gave him pleasure to speak to them. His address, though brief, was very interesting and full of remi- niscences. Among other things he said:
"The fathers and grandfathers of many who are on the stand today were my first clients, and from them I received my first support and the first money I ever earned. Among the members of the bar fifty years ago were
Governor
Koerner,
Gen.
James
Shields,
Gov. John Reynolds, Adam W. Snyder and Matthias Cole, who died recently in Cal- ifornia, after having celebrated his hundredth birthday. Among the early settlers whom I call to mind were the Whitesides, the Pulliams, Scotts, Badgleys, Wests, and a host of others, and, no doubt, I am now addressing some of their descendants. There have been many and great improvements in St. Clair County during the past fifty years, and it is possible that there are many more in store. In those days, little they dreamed that a man in Belleville would be able to converse vocally with a man in Chicago."
Mr. Trumbull closed his remarks by inviting all the people of St. Clair to "come up to Chi- cago in 1893, and see the biggest World's Fair that the mind of man can conceive."
Governor Oglesby was then introduced and made a brief but happy address. He said it seemed to be a great day for old men, and that there were several more on the platform, all of them older than himself, who would address them. He paid Mr. Perrin a high compliment for the excellent address that he had made. He also indulged in reminiscences, and alluded in a very happy way to the times when he and Judge Trumbull were campaigning, how they always made it a point to visit St. Clair County, and how the people always supported them. His remarks were well received and he was repeatedly cheered.
This concluded the exercises for the day.
THE FIREWORKS .- As it had been announced that there would be a fireworks exhibition on the square in the evening, at the hour ap- pointed the square was filled with people to witness the excellent display in front of the court-house, under the management of Mr. Vic Lavaux, an expert in such displays.
This closed the celebration, and truly it can be said that, taken altogether, the day's exercises and events were a most fitting com- memoration of the Centennial of Old St. Clair.
7
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
SECRET AND SOCIAL ORDERS.
FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS, CHURCH AND TEMPER- ANCE SOCIETIES - MASONS, ODD FELLOWS AND KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS-MODERN WOODMEN, ORDER OF ELKS, AND OTHER SOCIAL ORDERS-GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC, WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS -MISCELLANEOUS ASSOCIATIONS-CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT CHURCH SOCIETIES-YOUNG MEN'S CITRISTIAN ASSOCIATION-SALVATION ARMY.
ORGANIZATIONS PRIOR TO 1880 .- The High Prairie Debating and Literary Society was or- ganized in 1835, and held regular sessions. It has kept records from 1842 to the present time. At first the society held its weekly sessions at the Potter, the Nat. Smith, and the Thomp- son school-houses. The first question for de- bate recorded in the records of 1842 was: "Re- solved, That the present tariff is oppressive to a majority of the people of the United States." Among the members of the society were: Hon. Amos Thompson and Hon. B. J. Smith, mem- bers of the State Legislature; Jacob Eyman, County Treasurer; John McCully, member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1847; Herbert Patterson, a noted Methodist minis- ter, and others. The records show that this society has held its regular meetings, with the exception of a few short intermissions, up to within the last two years, when the literary work was transferred to High Prairie Grange. It is still carried on by the latter organization.
High Prairie Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, was organized at the Tate school-house, June 23, 1874, with twenty charter members and the following officers: W. M .- Samuel Smith; O .- Joseph Phillips; S .- George R. Tate; Asst. S .- R. B. Smith; C .- D. D. Miller; Secy .- Mat- thew Potter; Treas .- Michael Smith; G. K .- Lewis McGuire; P .- Mrs. M. J. Tate; Ceres .- Mrs. S. C. Tate; Flora-Mrs. Mary Smith; L. A. S .- Mrs. Mary Phillips. It has since held two regular meetings monthly on the first and third Saturdays, has built a good hall, and has thirty-five active members. The officers are: Master-Miss Adda Miller; Overseer-Miss Anna Grommet; Steward-George Rapp; Asst. St .- Arthur Johnson; Cap .- Amelia Schaeffer;
Lecturer-N. O. Phillips; Treas .- Hallie M. Tate; L. A. S .- Mildred A. Tate; Secy .- Dosia Tate; Pomona-Annie Bell; Flora-Orpha Smith; Ceres-Jane Smith. At each meeting of this society, a literary program is presented. Of the original members of this society but two have held membership uninterruptedly to this time, as the others have all died or moved away.
St. Clair Lodge, No. 24, A. F. & A. M., of Belleville, was organized December 14, 1843. John C. Thiel was its first W. M .; Peter W. Randle, its first S. W .; Seth Catlin, its first J. W. Lebanon Lodge No. 110, A. F. & A. M., was organized October 6, 1851. The member- ship is forty-five. St. Clair Lodge, No. 119, I. O. O. F., of Lebanon, was organized March 23, 1853. Its present membership is eighty. It owns property valued at $7,000. Lebanon Chap- ter, No. 62, R. A. M., was organized October 9, 1860. Masonic Lodge, No. 342, was organized at Summerfield in 1860. Its membership is 160.
Smithton Lesen Verein .- A notice announc- ing the purpose to organize this society invited the public to attend a meeting to be held at Keim's place, May 21, 1860, and was signed by Heinrich Keim, Hermann Teuker, Valentin Graf, Friedrich Brandenburger, Frederich Phein, George Brenner, and George Stoerger. At the meeting, G. Brenner was chosen chairman, and H. Keim secretary. It was resolved to meet June 11, to adopt a constitution and elect offi- cers. At the meeting on June 11, the George- town Lesen Verein was organized, a constitu- tion adopted, and the following officers elected : G. Brenner, President; G. Stoerger, Treasurer; H. Keim, Secretary and Librarian. Meetings were held September 9, 1860, and December 16, 1860. Owing to poor crops, stagnation of business all over the country, and the fact that many of the patriotic members responded to the country's call for soldiers to put down the Southern rebellion, the society was inactive until January 26, 1863, when it was reorgan- ized and prospered. The library contains 906 volumes, nearly all German, books of the best authors in science, literature, prose fiction, his- tory, travel and philosophy. In 1879, the so- ciety numbered fifty members; but now there are but twenty-five. The outlook is not very fa- vorable, as the young people cannot be induced to study and keep up the language and sacred traditions of their forefathers. When the vil-
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
lage was incorporated under the name of Smith- ton, the society changed its name to Smith- ton Lesen Verein. The present officers are: John Ros, Sr., President; George Daab, Treas- urer; Heinrich Keim, Secretary and Librarian. Mr. Keim has held his position ever since the organization of the society in 1860. Mas- coutah Central Turnverein was organized about 1862. Humboldt Lodge, No. 286, I. O. O. F., of Mascoutah, was organized about 1863. Archimides Masonic Lodge, No. 377, was char- tered October 8, 1863. Theodore Joerg was its first W. M. Douglas Lodge, No. 361, A. F. & A. M., was instituted at Mascoutah about 1865, and Mascoutah Encampment, No. 90, I. O. O. F., about the same time. Millstadt Union Aid Society was organized September 23, 1866.
East St. Louis Lodge, No. 504, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, was constituted Oc- tober 3, 1866, with Anson Gustin W. M., H. C. Pococke, S. W., and Richard Cox, J. W. The present officers are: H. L. Browning, W. M .; C. M. Musgrave, S. W .; J. M. Perryman, J. W .; D. A. Beeken, Treas .; R. A. Paschal, Secy .; A. P. Harris, S. D .; J. C. Harris, J. D .; Rev. W. E. Archibald, Chaplain; Thomas G. Springall, Tyler.
The Georgetown Turnverein was organized September 5, 1867, with thirty-two members. The first officers were: Edward Berghaus, Erster Sprecher; Charles Moxter, Zweiter Sprecher; Theodore Muench, Erster Turnwart; Nic. Daesch, Erster Schriftwart; Jacob Thress, Zweiter Schriftwart; Jacob Oldendorf, Kassen- wart; Louis Forcade, Zeugwart. The Verein steadily grew in membership and strengthened financially, so that in 1879 it was able to buy a building on the corner of Julia and Fischer Streets, which had formerly been used as a brewery, and occupied it as a hall. The Verein so prospered that in 1891 it increased the ca- pacity of the hall by building an addition thirty-eight by fifty feet, to be used as a dance hall. Then, as the hall was still inadequate for all entertainments and the like, in 1894 the old building was torn down and a two-story one erected in its stead. In 1901, another ad- dition of eighteen by forty feet was added for a stage, which has recently been equipped with new scenery. This hall, which is one of the largest and best equipped in the county, has outside dimensions of sixty by one hundred
and three feet. It is surrounded by a fine park, in which a new pavilion was erected in 1904. The Turnverein is in a prosperous con- dition, both in finances and in membership. It now has a membership of over 100, con- stantly being added to. The present officers are: George Daab, Erster Sprecher; Nicholas Daesch, Zweiter Sprecher; F. C. Daab, Erster Turnwart; F. Daesch, Zweiter Turnwart; Wil- liam Brenner, Erster Schriftwart; George H. Lannert, Zweiter Schriftwart; Henry Gross- mann, Kessenwart; Ferdinand Roebling, Zeug- wart; John Daab, Karl Hausmann, Fritz Pfeif- fer, Trustees; G. G. Bock, William Press, Bei- sitzer. Of the organizers of the Turnverein, the following six are still members: John Rie- del, George Daab, Nicholas Daesch, John Daab, Fritz Pfeiffer and Jacob Thress.
Belleville Lodge, No. 338, I. O. O. F., was in- stituted November 9, 1866. Belleville Chapter, No. 106, R. A. M., was instituted in 1867.
Enterprise Lodge, No. 369, I. O. O. F., of Belleville, was instituted March 28, 1868. O'Fallon Lodge, No. 576, A. F. & A. M., was chartered October 6, 1868. Golden Rule Lodge, No. 374, I. O. O. F., of East St. Louis, was in- stituted June 6, 1868, and chartered October 13, 1868. Harmony Encampment, No. 102, I. O. O. F., of East St. Louis, was chartered October 12, 1868. O'Fallon Lodge, No. 431, I. O. O. F., was chartered in 1869. Crescent Lodge, No. 426, I. O. O. F., of Caseyville, was instituted July 1, 1870. Naomi Rebekah Degree, Lodge No. 5, of East St. Louis, was chartered Octo- ber 11, 1870.
Pride of the Valley Lodge, No. 435, I. O. O. F., of East St. Louis, was chartered October 11, 1870. A Treu Bund of the U. O. T. B. was organized at O'Fallon, May 6, 1871. Treu Bund, No. 15, of Darmstadt, was organized November 9, 1871. Harmonia Lodge, No. 13, U. O. T. B., of Marissa, was instituted February 6, 1872. The East St. Louis Saengerbund was instituted March 23, 1872. Helvetia Lodge, No. 480, I. O. O. F., of East St. Louis, was instituted Feb- ruary 22, 1872, and chartered October 8, 1872. Hermann Lodge, No. 286, D. O. H., of Belle- ville, was organized September 25, 1872. Its first officers were: Franz F. Metschan, O. B .; Theodore Bosch, W. B .; Gustav Rande, F. Sec .; Henry Damm, Sec .; Adam Schaubert, Treas. Names of present officers are: Melcher Atzing- er, O. B .; John P. Heck, U B .; Henry Heine-
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
mann, Sec .; John Schuff, F. Sec .; Martin Heinemann, Treasurer; German Lodge, No. 463, I. O. O. F., of O'Fallon, was organized in 1872.
East St. Louis Chapter, No. 156, R. A. M., was chartered in October, 1873. Treu Bund, No 267, of Millstadt, was organized January 10, 1875. Millstadt Lodge, No. 567, was insti- tuted in April, 1875. Belleville Encampment, No. 169, I. O. O. F., was instituted October 12, 1875. St. Clair Lodge, No. 40, K. of P., of O'Fallon, was chartered in 1875.
New Athens Lodge, No. 558, I. O. O. F., or- ganized October 16, 1875, has a membership of thirty. The Modern Woodmen, Royal Neigh- bors, U. M. W. of A .; Rebeccas, Treibund Singer Society, G. A. R., and Farmers' Union have local organizations. Mascoutah Arbeiter, Unterstruetzungsverein, was organized about 1875. Morrison Lodge, No. 602, I. O. O. F., was organized September 21, 1876. Illinois Lodge, No. 268, K. of H., of East St. Louis, was char- tered December 5, 1876
Lessing Lodge, No. 71, K. of P., was insti- tuted at Belleville, June 7, 1877. Names of first officers: Frank Kretschmer, P. C .; Samuel Neuburger, C. C .; Henry Thebus, G. C .; Joseph Wiesmann, Pr .; Charles Born, M. of E .; Thom- as Challenor, M. of F .; Alfred Mayer, K. of R. and S .; H. C. Hoppe, M. of A .; William Ditt- mann, I. G .; George Eisenberg, O. G. Names of successive presiding officers : Henry The- bus, Alfred Mayer, G. W. Schmisler, Joseph Wiesmann, Jacob Leiner, Hugo C. Hoppe, N. Weiss, C. L. Weber, James Spies, Rich. Her- mann, J. Ackermann, Daniel Fischer, J. Wink- ler, Charles Steiner, Sr., Charles Heine- mann, Thomas Hunt, Henry Laut, Hugo Moehrl, Michacl Frees, Adolph Keil, Wil- liam Steiner, Adolf Klein, William M. Hoppe, A. T. Halstead, Henry Viehmann, Jr., Henry Dintelmann, A. C. Spies, Edward W. Spies, Au- gust Ebel, Henry Millitzer, Henry Dewald, E. R. Schildroth, J. T. Caulfield, L. Tiedemann, Henry Dietrich, Jr., Frank Weiss, Henry Meek, (\V. F. Martin), R. Spies. Names of present of- ficers: William F. Martin, C. C .; August Kne- felkamp, V. C .; Henry C. Hesse, Pr .; R. Spies, M. of W .; William C. Gaerdner, K. of R. and S .; Adolph Kiel, M. of F .; Alex Winkelmann, M. of E .; J. R. Medlecoff, M. of A .; Al. De- Boer, I. G .; Henry Conrath, O. G .; Al. S. Halstead, H. Millitzer, Henry Meek, Trustees. There were thirty members June 30, 1877; there are 246 now.
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