USA > Illinois > St Clair County > Historical encyclopedia of Illinois and history of St. Clair County, Volume II > Part 56
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In the Constitutional Convention of 1847 the
(1) In 1833 this act was extended to include future violators of this provision. The amendment of 1825 was passed during the administration of Governor Coles, and expressly for his relief.
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
questions of citizenship and the right of suf- frage, the "underground railway" and the im- migration of free negroes played a large part in the proceedings. The delegates in that convention from St. Clair County were Wil- liam C. Mckinney, William W. Roman, George Bunsen and John McCulley. The discussion of negro immigration was acrimonious. Rather than endanger the acceptance of the constitu- tion it was deemed wise to submit the immi- gration clause to the people in a separate ar- ticle. Both the Constitution and the immi- gration clause were adopted, though the lat- ter was strongly opposed in the northern counties, notably in Cook. The new Constitu- tion prohibited slavery, but under its provi- sions free negroes were to be prevented from settling in the State by a law which was to have been passed by the Legislature at its next session. If the negro was no longer sub- ject to bondage, he still was subject to ill- treatment even to oppression. There had been no repeal of the "black laws." In 1853 it was enacted that any one aiding a negro, bond or free, to settle in Illinois, should be fined $100 to $500 and jailed not longer than one year. Any negro remaining in the State ten days, with a purpose of becoming a resident, was to be fined $50, and, failing to pay his fine, he was to be arrested, advertised by the Sheriff and sold to the person who would pay the fine and costs for the shortest term of his service. The prosecuting witness was to receive half the fine imposed. It was even attempted to make this law more stringent. A more effective law was asked for by a vote in the House of sixty-five to seven in 1861. The Constitutional Convention of 1862 decided that "no negro or mulatto" should migrate to or settle in this State "after the adoption of the Constitution then formulated, and, while the people re- jected the Constitution, they ratified that clause of it. In 1863 a final effort to make the law more effective was indorsed by the House, but failed in the Senate. Meanwhile the Civil War was in progress. The public view was clearing and broadening. February 1, 1865, Illi- nois, first of all the States, ratified the Thir- teenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. February 7, 1865, it repealed the "black laws." It is claimed that, with the exception of the act of 1853, these laws were long practically dead. It has been suggested
that they would have been repealed years be- fore they were had it not been likely that any man proposing such a measure would have been branded as an abolitionist. It is true that the adoption of the Constitution of 1848 sounded the death-knell of slavery in Illinois.
The earliest known record of slavery in St. Clair County attests that, on September 25, 1751, Paul Bizet gave to Francoise Dizie, the wife of Josephus Braseau (a cousin of Bizet's), at whose house he had been sick, for her serv- ices, an Indian slave named Marianne.
November 18, 1751, Mr. and Mrs. Bourbon- nais gave to Pierre Aubuchon, their son-in-law, an old negro slave, who, in the language of the transfer, could do only ordinary kitchen work and chores.
June 15, 1755, Francois Lacroix gave his property to his children on condition that they would maintain him. He enumerated his slaves as one Indian man, two Indian women and one Indian girl aged seven years.
March 14, 1757, Joseph Guignon willed to Mr. Forget his house and negroes, except a little negro named Francois, aged about ten years. The following is a deed of freedom granted to a slave woman in 1793:
"Know all whom it may concern, that Jean- ette, a negro woman, heretofore my slave, is now free and mistress of herself, she having paid me a price for her freedom, with which I am satisfied. February 23, 1793."
(Signed) "B. TARDIVEAU."
Following is a copy of a more formal "free- ing deed" executed by William Musick:
"Know all men by these presents, that I, William Musick, at present at Kaskaskia, in the County of St. Clair, in the Territory of the United States Northwest of the River Ohio, have remised, leased and forever quitted claim, and by these presents do of my own free will and accord, remise, release and forever quit claim, unto a certain negro man named George and unto a certain negro girl named Phebe, all and all manner of interest, 'claim and de- mand, which I now have or hereafter shall or may pretend to have, in or to the future serv- ices of them, the said George and Phebe, and each and everyone of them. And I do hereby liberate them and each of them from any state of servitude or slavery in which, according to the laws of the State of Kentucky, I formerly held them, while residing in that State. And I
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
do further declare them free and absolute mas- ters of theirs and each of their persons, and of all property they may hereafter acquire.
"In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal, the 22d day of November, 1794.
[SEAL.] "WILLIAM MUSICK.
"Sealed and delivered in the presence of Bartholomai Chard and John R. Jones."
On page 180, County Record A, is "a minute of a sale" of a negro by himself, November 28, 1794. John Marney, the purchaser, paid $200.
Old "public sale bills" prove that, about that time, not only negroes but Indians were bought and sold. A squaw was sold at auction by the administrator of the estate of Michael Girardin, for 327 francs ($65.40), in February, 1774.
Following is a copy of an advertisement of- fering a reward for the apprehension of a run- away slave, which appeared in the Louisiana Gazette (St. Louis, Mo.), July 4, 1811:
"FORTY DOLLARS REWARD!
"Ran away from the subscriber, living near Six Mile Prairie, Illinois Territory, on the 27th of June, a negro man named George, about 40 years old, six feet, or upwards, high, coarse features, large beard and whiskers, speaks plain and with assurance, has a large vacancy be- tween his front teeth, but not with the loss of a tooth; yellow complexion; sorrily clothed, having none but those on him, viz: A big coat of plain dyed brown, the under part of his sleeves of a drab color. The public are hereby cautioned against dealing or harboring him at their peril. The above reward will be paid to any person who shall deliver the said negro to me, near the Six Mile Prairie, Illinois Territory. June 27, 1811.
"JOHN HUMPHRIES."
On May 14, 1815, John Reynolds advertised as follows:
"Fifty dollars reward will be given to any person who will deliver to me in Cahokia a negro boy named Moses, who ran away from me in Cahokia about two months since. He is about sixteen years old, well made, and did belong to McKnight and Brady in St. Louis, where he had been seen frequently, and is sup- posed to be harbored there or about there. He had on a hunting shirt when he left me."
On October 1, 1815, Ninian Edwards, then Territorial Governor, and later third Governor of the State, advertised:
"NOTICE: I have for sale twenty-two slaves; among them are several of both sexes between the years of ten and seventeen. If not shortly sold, I shall wish to hire them in Missouri Territory. I have also for sale a full-blooded horse, a very large English bull, and several young ones."
CHAPTER XXXVI.
ST. CLAIR COUNTY CENTENNIAL.
CELEBRATION OF THE ONE HUNDREDTH ANNIVER. SARY OF THE FOUNDING OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY -INTERESTING EXERCISES HELD AT BELLEVILLE MAY 17, 1890-THE PROGRAM - FLOATS AND OTHER EXHIBITS - LIST OF DISTINGUISHED
GUESTS-EXTRACTS FROM HON. J. N. PERRIN'S ADDRESS - SOME REMINISCENCES BY GOVERNOR KOERNER-A LETTER OF GEORGE WASHINGTON'S --- SPEECHES OF SENATOR TRUMBULL AND GOVERNOR OGLESBY - FIRE-WORKS DISPLAY CLOSES THE EXERCISES.
(From the Belleville (Ill.) Advocate, May 23, 1890.)
The people of "Old St. Clair" can feel proud of the manner in which they celebrated, on the 17th inst., the one hundredth anniversary of its organization as a county. It was a red- letter day, indeed, for Belleville. Fair weather and a beautiful, clear sky, combined with a large attendance of visitors from far and near, all went to make the celebration a great suc- cess in every respect. The people of the city, mindful of the great event which was being commemorated, decorated their houses and places of business with the national colors, until the city, especially the main thorough- fares, presented a gala appearance.
The morning trains brought in from the neighboring towns large crowds of visitors; and by noon the city was filled with strangers, all come to celebrate the anniversary of the oldest county in the State. A large platform had been erected in the public square, in the northeast angle, to be used as a reviewing stand from which the addresses were deliv- red. During the morning hours this was oc- cupied by the Bavarian Band, which gave an
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
open-air concert for the crowds that were gath- ered in the square.
Thus passed the morning hours until 1:30 o'clock, when came the grand feature of the celebration. The following well known citi- zens composed executive committe: Charles W. Thomas, Chairman; C. P. Fleisch- the bein, Secretary; Richard Wangelin, Treasurer; Joseph Fuess, Hon. H. G. Weber, Capt. William White, Jeff. Rainey.
The committee of the County Board consist- ed of the following: Frank Perrin, Mascoutah; John Reimann, Lebanon; Nicholas Boul, French Village; H. G. Boughan, East St. Louis; Charles Probstmeyer, Millstadt; J. P. Hill, Freeburg; S. W. Campbell, Marissa; J. R. Miller, Casey- ville. The following constituted the Reception Committee: Joseph Penn, Chairman; Capt. John S. Doyle, Secretary; Gen. W. H. Powell, M. T. Stookey, W. J. Underwood, Jacob Krill, John Kloess, L. D. Turner, Jefferson Rainey, Ernst Hilgard, Frederick Sunkel, George De. tharding, Edward Abend, William T. Crouch, Richard Wangelin, W. W. Waugh, Hugh W. Harrison, F. J. Brueggemann, Charles Drees, Dr. Julius Kohl, Dr. L. P. Stookey, B. J. West, John Gross, Michael Reiss, A. T. Primm, How .. ard Elliott, D. Bowes, F. Chandler, H. F. Lyttle, John M. Chesbrough, W. H. Snyder, John Eberle, H. E. Morris, John W. Mass, George E. Lary. Dr. P. H. Mase was the Grand Mar- shal, and Mr. Herman Oster, Assistant Marshal.
THE TRADES DISPLAY .- The trades parade was appointed to start at 1 o'clock from East Main Street, but was delayed somewhat by difficul- ties experienced in getting some of the floats in position. At about 1:15 everything was ready and the start was made, proceeding; west on Main Street, past the reviewing stand to Silver Street in West End, and then back to the square. Through the courtesy of the managers of Sells & Barrett's circus, which was exhibiting in the city, the procession was headed by the band wagon of the com- pany, and the rear topped off by the steam calliope of the same company. The order of the parade was as follows:
Squad of mounted police.
Sells & Barrett wagon containing Bavarian Band.
Young men in Continental uniform, and mounted : Ed Rogers, Julius Bischof, Harry
Wangelin, Clarence Hill, T. M. Phillips, Frank Bux, Charles A. Grossart, Carl Bux, Julius Feickert, William P. Merck, George P. Roth, H. Christopherson, Louis Wagner, Henry Schoet- tler, H. C. Deobald, Albert Funsch, Henry Kuntz, Thomas Mueller, Henry Nolde, Charles Born, Jr., Henry Schellkopf and W. Holdener. Grand Marshal -- R. H. Mace.
Assistant Marshal-Herman Oster.
Aids-Julius Heinemann, William Siefert, Louis Stroh, M. Neuberger, Jacob Schwind, Gus Baer, Jacob Jung, Ed. Huff, George Knob- loch, John Bader, F. Von Pommer.
Moving in early times, represented by an old- time wagon, containing a family and house- hold effects, spinning wheel, etc., preceded by a hunter in deer-skin suit and coon-skin cap, carrying his rifle.
A float representing the log cabin of the early settler, hive upon the roof, and deer and coon-skins tacked on the side of the house. Inside could be seen colored women engaged in carding and spinning wool. The float be- longed to Mr. G. W. Shipman.
A float from Caseyville Township, represent- ing the method of planting corn one hundred years ago, the men in the field working with hoes, their rifles conveniently near in case of attack from Indians. On this wagon was also an old wooden plowshare, which was made and used in Caseyville Township sixty years ago; also two sickles owned by Mr. War- ren Beedle used in his family over fifty years ago. The men on the float were Mr. Johnson and Aaron Dowler, dressed as early pioneers, together with their hired help. The float was designed by Hon. J. P. Miller and arranged under his supervision.
The next float was contributed by Cahokia Township, which is the oldest settled part of the county, and was decidedly an interesting exhibit. On the wagon was an arm from which swung the Old Mission Bell, which was used to call the faithful to worship as early as 1776. It was labeled "An Independence Vet- eran," and it was in charge of Joseph Bashant, the veteran bell-ringer of Cahokia, who has rung it faithfully for the past forty-two years. Along with the bell was an ancient stone that had been plowed up in Nick McCracken's field in 1870, and which bore the following inscrip- tion : "Aug., 1776, I. N. L. Y." The relic is now owned by Judge W. H. Snyder.
952
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
Following this float and forming part of Ca- lokia's contribution was an old-style French cart, such as was commonly used by the early French settlers of the American Bottom one hundred years ago. It was driven by Mr. Pal- mier. A banner bearing a picture of the first court-house in St. Clair County was also dis- played. The exhibit of Cahokia was got up and arranged by Dr. W. H. Renois, and was the most interesting of the parade.
Stites Township came with a float repre- senting farming one hundred years ago. Hitched to an old mold-board plow was a dimin- utive "jack," with an old pioneer holding the plow handles. Notwithstanding the novelty of his position, perched up on a wagon, the "jack" did his duty nobly, and contributed much to the interest of the parade.
A schooner wagon, the inscription on which stated that it had been made in 1846, came next, and was one of the floats contributed by C. A. Monk, of the McCormick agency. In the wagon was an old plow made in 1820. The wagon was manufactured in this city in 1846, by Phillip Medart, father of our Justice Martin Medart, and was ironed by Adam Blum. It is the property of Mr. Balthasar Knobloch. The other part of Mr. Monk's display consisted of a McCormick binder on a truck, mowers and other farm machinery, the whole illustrating old and new methods in agriculture.
Another' illustration of improved farm ma- chinery was a Buckeye mower contributed by Mr. J. J. Esler.
Kircher & Son also had an exhibit of mod- ern farm implements, embracing a Walter A. Wood harvester in full operation, a Stude- baker wagon, etc .; also a second float, car- rying a Wood mower surrounded by lads and lasses dressed as hay-makers, while a mon- key, perched on the mower, distributed pea- nuts and advertising matter.
Joseph Schwarz & Son, Milwaukee, exhibited a Junior Harvester.
A wagon transporting a machine in opera- tion making wire picket fencing.
William Borgmeyer, steel harvester and farm- ing machinery.
A float of Schubert & Shannon, of the Belle- ville Tobacco Works, illustrating the various stages of the manufacture of tobacco.
The Harrison Mills, represented by a wagon loaded with the product of this old and well known mill.
A. Hertel, manufacturer of carriages and buggies, had a fine display of the work of his shops.
The Crown Roller Mills had a large wagon upon which was a pyramid made of sacks of flour, the top surmounted by a large gilded crown. Miss Laura Free, wearing a costume, made of flour sacks, was seated on the top, representing the miller's daughter.
W. P. Merck, the East Main Street lumber dealer made a very neat and effective exhibit in his line, with a float upon which was erected a light, airy structure, containing samples of building material.
William Eckhardt, Jr., wagon delivering groceries and provisions.
O'Fallon Band.
A. C. Hucke, the hardware merchant and dealer in vehicles, had a very neat float rep- resenting this latter branch of his business, in the shape of a handsome surrey, to which was harnessed a very life-like and full-sized figure of a horse. In the surrey were some young ladies.
Mr. G. L. Rauch, agent for the Domestic Sewing Machine, had two wagons bearing sam- ples of his machines.
The Western Brewery Company had two wagons, one bearing "Grambinus" and his court. Both wagons were highly decorated.
The County Ambulance came next, bearing on its sides the motto, "For Charity and Hu- manity.'
1
P. M. Gundlach, grain drill, illustrating the improved method of sewing grain.
An old wagon, driven by William Hinderlite, illustrating the manner in which families moved in early times. The wagon contained many old-time fixtures, such as a spinning- wheel, etc., articles that are not generally found in the households of today.
Concordia Band.
Mr. E. W. Guy had a floral display, a float representing a beautiful garden of flowers.
The James Jones Manufacturing Company Brass Foundry had a very neat and attractive float, upon which was displayed, worked up into beautiful designs, the various products of these works. The name, "Belleville Brass Foundry," was very neatly worked out in brass washers and rings on a black background.
The Star Brewery, a decorated wagon.
Merker & Wirsing, carriage-makers, a sur- rey on a float.
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953
HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
Gustave Fuchs, nursery man and gardener, a float representing a garden laid out in beds, showing growing vegetables of all kinds.
The Maule Coal Company, a float bearing a huge block of bituminous coal, the product of the Maule mines, which was said to con- tain sixty bushels.
Louis Kloess & Brothers, float representing the different processes of making brick.
G. W. Shipman, keg factory, represented by a float containing workmen engaged in turning out nail-kegs.
M. Knoebel, boiler-maker, float with men riv- eting a boiler.
E. J. Badgley, architect and builder, float with model cottage surrounded by lawn.
St. Clair Foundry, float with men engaged in making molds and castings. This float dis- tributed little horse-shoes as souvenirs.
Karr Brothers, two wagons with their plumb- ing displays.
A. G. Fehr, float representing a flower-gar- den with growing plants and flowers.
G. A. Sahlender, harness-maker and dealer, two floats, one representing the old-time method of harnessing animals with yokes and chains, the other the modern way, with harness such as he manufactures.
The New Athens Foundry Company, float drawn by three yoke of oxen. On the front of the float was built an old-fashioned fire- place, and seated at the sides of the chimney corners were an old man and an old woman, apparently waiting patiently for their dinner, which was suspended over the fire by a crane, to cook. To the rear of this was one of the modern and improved cook stoves, with a young woman baking biscuits in the oven and dis- tributing them as souvenirs.
The Adams Express Company's contribution to the parade was a large, elegant wagon sent from St. Louis for the purpose, and drawn by four bay horses. The drivers were John Brady and Robert Burson, two old employes of the company. The wagon was loaded with boxes of merchandise just thirty-six hours from New York, and was an excellent illustration of the improvement over the old way of transporting goods, when it took six months to make the same distance.
Fuess, Espenhain & Fischer, dry-goods mer- chants, had a float representing the exterior and interior of their big dry-goods and carpet
house. In the interior numerous salesmen were busy waiting upon customers and handing out souvenirs of the Centennial.
Following this float came Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Miller and Mr. and Mrs. Charles Hertel, in road carts, heading a procession of the mem- bers of Turkey Hill Grange No. 1390, all in road carts. The horses made a good show- ing of the fine stock that is owned and bred by St. Clair County farmers.
The Sucker State Drill Company had two floats displaying samples of the farm machin- ery that is turned out at its establishment.
The Reichert Milling Company, of Freeburg, had a finely decorated wagon on which was arranged a scene representing the interior of a mill in operation.
The Singer Sewing Machine Company was represented by a wagon carrying samples of the machines manufactured by this company. two of which were operated by young women.
The Pump and Skein Works had two splen- did floats upon which were displayed numerous examples of the product of this immense es- tablishment, including stoves, mining machin- ery, etc.
Nick Reeb & Sons, manufacturers of brick, had a gaily decorated float representing their industry
Schlinger & Brothers, flour and feed, had a float upon which they made a neat display of corn, oats and other grains.
Millstadt Band.
Millstadt Fire Department pulling the hand- engine, "Little Giant," and its hose reel.
Freeburg Fire Department with hand fire- engine and reel.
Belleville Fire Department with tliree steamers, two reels, and hook and ladder, truck, under command of Chief John Ebel.
An old-style wagon, containing the Lenzburg band, and bearing placards inscribed "1790- 1890," the top of which was embellished with wooden shoes of various sizes, was a contribu- tion from Lenzburg Township.
Following this came the floats of the Harri- son Machine Works, illustrating the old and the new way of threshing out grain. One float was filled with old-time farmers, threshing their wheat with flails, when the product of a day's work was only five bushels. The next float, one of the new and complete threshing ma- chines built at the Harrison Machine Works,
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HISTORY OF ST. CLAIR COUNTY.
drawn by a portable engine, built at the same works, illustrated the new way by showing the wonderful improvement that had been made in threshing grain.
Fayetteville Band.
A further display of farm machinery manu- factured by the Harrison Machine Works.
The steam calliope with its resonant notes playing "Sweet Bye and Bye," topped off one of the finest parades and displays this city ever witnessed, and we challenge our descendants in 1900 to beat it if they can.
IN THE PUBLIC SQUARE .- At the close of the parade, the people began to gather around the speakers' stand in the square to listen to the addresses. Seats had been arranged on the north side to accommodate many hun- dreds, by placing a plank on the tops of nail kegs provided for the purpose. These seats were all filled and the immense platform was also crowded with people.
Among the prominent persons on the stand were: Ex-Gov. Richard Oglesby, Hon. Lyman Trumbull, of Chicago; Isaac 'N. Pearson, Secre- tary of State; Gen. C. W. Pavey, State Auditor; Hon. Richard Edwards, Superintendent of Pub- lic Instruction; Charles Becker, State Treas- urer; Gen. Wesley Merritt, U. S. A .; Dr. John Rauch, of the State Board of Health; Dr. Wil- liam St. Clair, great-grandson of Gov. Arthur St. Clair: Hon. Jehu Baker; Gen. W. H. Pow- ยท ell; Judge George Vernor, of Nashville, Ill .; Hon. N. S. Hill, of Pontiac, Ill .; Dr. J. S. Hughes, of Springfield, Ill .; Judge B. R. Bur- roughs, Edwardsville; E. A. Burke, Sheriff of Madison County; Hon. J. M. Dill; Col. John Thomas; C. W. Thomas; Joseph Fuess; Jeffer- son Rainey; Joseph Penn; Hon. H. G. Weber; F. A. McConaughy; H. M. Stephens, Mayor of East St. Louis; Joseph Ogle; M. Funk, of Clin- ton, Mo .; William Way, Venice, Ill .; Fred Sun- kel; T. D. Shoupe, of the "Carlyle Constitution;" Hon. Edward Rutz, Chicago; Judge W. H. Sny- der; Judge William J. Underwood; Hon. Henry Raab; Hon. James P. Slade, Greenville, Ill .; and G. C. Eisenmayer, Mascoutah.
After all were seated, Hon. C. W. Thomas, Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, called the assembly to order and, making a few remarks explanatory of the celebration, in- troduced Hon. J. N. Perrin, the orator of the day. (The "Advocate" printed Mr. Perrin's ad-
dress in full, from which some extracts are here presented. )
The speaker began by reviewing briefly the settlement of America, paying tribute to men prominent in early events of importance and dwelling on the different nationalities repre- sented. Beginning with general history, he came down to local history thus:
"After this, came the voyage of La Salle, down the Mississippi to its mouth, in 1682. On the return trip up river, it is supposed by some that some of his companions, who were left along the rounte to occupy the country, founded Cahokia. The date of the founding of this an- cient village has been arbitrarily fixed by most writers and accepted by others without ques- tion, while another theory gives the credit of this founding to La Salle's lieutenant, Tonti, when, in 1699,1 with his men in search of La Salle, he came down the Illinois and Missis- sippi Rivers to a Tammarais village, where nothing was known of priests except Father Gravier, who had visited them while he was in charge of the mission of the Kaskaskia In- dians upon the Illinois River.
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