Historical encyclopedia of Illinois, Part 1

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn; Selby, Paul, 1825-1913; Gale, W. Shelden
Publication date: 1899
Publisher: Chicago : Munsell Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 1388


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Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org.


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98 | Part 99 | Part 100 | Part 101 | Part 102 | Part 103 | Part 104 | Part 105 | Part 106 | Part 107 | Part 108 | Part 109 | Part 110 | Part 111 | Part 112 | Part 113 | Part 114 | Part 115 | Part 116 | Part 117 | Part 118 | Part 119 | Part 120 | Part 121 | Part 122 | Part 123 | Part 124 | Part 125 | Part 126 | Part 127 | Part 128 | Part 129 | Part 130 | Part 131 | Part 132 | Part 133 | Part 134 | Part 135 | Part 136 | Part 137 | Part 138 | Part 139 | Part 140 | Part 141 | Part 142 | Part 143 | Part 144 | Part 145 | Part 146 | Part 147 | Part 148 | Part 149 | Part 150 | Part 151 | Part 152 | Part 153 | Part 154 | Part 155 | Part 156 | Part 157 | Part 158 | Part 159 | Part 160 | Part 161 | Part 162 | Part 163 | Part 164 | Part 165 | Part 166 | Part 167 | Part 168 | Part 169 | Part 170 | Part 171 | Part 172 | Part 173 | Part 174 | Part 175 | Part 176 | Part 177 | Part 178 | Part 179 | Part 180 | Part 181 | Part 182 | Part 183 | Part 184 | Part 185 | Part 186 | Part 187 | Part 188 | Part 189 | Part 190 | Part 191 | Part 192 | Part 193 | Part 194 | Part 195 | Part 196 | Part 197 | Part 198


Dinois


and Knox County


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GENEALOGY COLLECTION


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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY


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Gc 977.301 K77b Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. Historical encyclopedia of Illinois


GENEALOGY 977.301 K77B


Jales 2 7


Jel 2998 Red


A. Lincoln


HISTORICAL


ENCYCLOPEDIA


OF


ILLINOIS


EDITED BY


NEWTON BATEMAN, LL. D.


PAUL SELBY, A. M.


STALE SOVEREIGNTY


AND


KNOX COUNTY


EDITED BY


W. SELDEN GALE. GEO. CANDEE GALE.


ILLUSTRATED.


CHICAGO AND NEW YORK : MUNSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 1899.


Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the years 1894 and 1899, by WILLIAM W. MUNSELL, in the office of the Librarian of Congress at WASHINGTON.


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PAYETTE


PREFACE.


Why publish this book? There should be many and strong reasons to warrant such an undertaking. Are there such reasons? What considerations are weighty enough to have indneed the publishers to make this venture? and what special claims has Illinois to such a distinction? These are reasonable and inevitable inquiries, and it is fitting they should receive attention.


In the first place, good State Histories are of great importance and valne, and there is abundant and cheering evidence of an increasing popular interest in them. This is true of all such works, whatever States may be their subjects; and it is conspicnonsly true of Illi- nois, for the following, among many other reasons: Because of its great prominence in the early history of the West as the seat of the first settlements of Europeans northwest of the Ohio River-the unique character of its early civilization, due to or resulting from its early French population brought in contact with the aborigines-its political, military, and educa- tional prominence-its steadfast loyalty and patriotism-the marvelous development of its vast resources-the number of distinguished statesmen, generals, and jurists whom it has furnished to the Government, and its grand record in the exciting and perilons conflicts on the Slavery question.


This is the magnificent Commonwealth, the setting forth of whose history, in all of its essential departments and features, seemed to warrant the bringing out of another volume devoted to that end. Its material has been gathered from every available source, and most carefully examined and sifted before acceptance. Especial care has been taken in collecting material of a biographical character; facts and incidents in the personal history of men identi- fied with the life of the State in its Territorial and later periods. This material has been gathered from a great variety of sources widely scattered, and much of it quite inaccessible to the ordinary inquirer. The encyclopedie form of the work favors conciseness and com- pactness, and was adopted with a view to condensing the largest amount of information within the smallest practicable space.


And so the Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois was conceived and planned in the belief that it was needed; that no other book filled the place it was designed to occupy, or fur- nished the amount, variety and scope of information touching the infancy and later life of Illinois, that would be found in its pages. In that belief, and in furtherance of those ends, the book has been constructed and its topics selected and written. Simplicity, perspicuity, conciseness and accuracy have been the dominant aims and rules of its editors and writers. The supreme mission of the book is to record, fairly and truthfully, historical facts; facts of the earlier and later history of the State, and drawn from the almost innumerable sources connected with that history; facts of interest to the great body of our people, as well as to scholars, officials, and other special classes; a book convenient for reference in the school, the office, and the home. Hence, no attempt at fine writing, no labored, irrelevant and


3


4


PREFACE.


long-drawn accounts of matters, persons or things, which really need but a few plain words for their adequate elucidation, will be found in its pages. On the other hand, perspicuity and fitting development are never intentionally sacrificed to mere conciseness and brevity. Whenever a subject, from its nature, demands a more elaborate treatment-and there are many of this character-it is handled accordingly.


As a rule, the method pursued is the separate and topical, rather than the chronological, as being more satisfactory and convenient for reference. That is, each topic is considered separately and exhaustively, instead of being blended, chronologically, with others. To pass from subject to subject, in the mere arbitrary order of time, is to sacrifice simplicity and order to complexity and confusion.


Absolute freedom from error or defect in all cases, in handling so many thousands of items, is not claimed, and could not reasonably be expected of any finite intelligence; since, in complicated cases, some element may possibly elude its sharpest scrutiny. But every statement of fact, made herein without qualification, is believed to be strictly correct, and the statistics of the volume, as a whole, are submitted to its readers with entire confidence.


Considerable space is also devoted to biographical sketches of persons deemed worthy of mention, for their close relations to the State in some of its varied interests, political, gov- ernmental, financial, social, religions, educational, industrial, commercial, economical, mili- tary, judicial or otherwise; or for their supposed personal deservings in other respects. It is believed that the extensive recognition of such individuals, by the publishers, will not be disapproved or regretted by the public; that personal biography has an honored, useful and legitimate place in such a history of Illinois as this volume aims to be, and that the omission of such a department would seriously detract from the completeness and value of the book. Perhaps no more delicate and difficult task has confronted the editors and publishers than the selection of names for this part of the work.


While it is believed that no unworthy name has a place in the list, it is freely admitted that there may be many others, equally or possibly even more worthy, whose names do not appear, partly for lack of definite and adequate information, and partly because it was not deemed best to materially increase the space devoted to this class of topics.


And so, with cordial thanks to the publishers for the risks they have so cheerfully assumed in this enterprise, for their business energy, integrity, and determination, and their uniform kindness and courtesy; to the many who have so generously and helpfully promoted the success of the work, by their contributions of valuable information, interesting reminis- cences, and rare incidents; to Mr. Paul Selby, the very able associate editor, to whom especial honor and credit are due for his most efficient, intelligent and scholarly services; to Hon. Harvey B. Hurd, Walter B. Wines, and to all others who have, by word or act, encouraged us in this enterprise-with grateful recognition of all these friends and helpers, the Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois, with its thousands of topics and many thousands of details, items and incidents, is now respectfully submitted to the good people of the State, for whom it has been prepared, in the earnest hope and confident belief that it will be found instructive, convenient and useful for the purposes for which it was designed.


MitonBater Editor-in- chief.


Paul Selly


PREFATORY STATEMENT.


Since the bulk of the matter contained in this volume was practically completed and ready for the press, Dr. Newton Bateman, who occupied the relation to it of editor-in-chief, has passed beyond the sphere of mortal existence. In placing the work before the public, it therefore devolves upon the undersigned to make this last prefatory statement.


As explained by Dr. Bateman in his preface, the object had in view in the preparation of a "Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois" has been to present, in compact and concise form, the leading facts of Territorial and State history, from the arrival of the earliest French explorers in Illinois to the present time. This has included an outline history of the State, under the title, "Illinois," supplemented by special articles relating to various crises and eras in State history; changes in form of government and administration ; the history of Consti- tutional Conventions and Legislative Assemblies; the various wars in which Illinoisans have taken part, with a summary of the principal events in the history of individual military organizations engaged in the Civil War of 1861-65, and the War of 1898 with Spain ; lists of State officers, United States Senators and Members of Congress, with the terms of each; the organization and development of political divisions; the establishment of charitable and educational institutions ; the growth of public improvements and other enterprises which have marked the progress of the State; natural features and resources; the history of early newspapers, and the growth of religious denominations, together with general statistical information and unusual or extraordinary occurrences of a local or general State character- all arranged under topical heads, and convenient for ready reference by all seeking informa- tion on these subjects, whether in the family, in the office of the professional er business man, in the teacher's study and the school-room, or in the public library.


While individual er collected biographies of the public men of Illinois have not been wholly lacking or few in number-and those already in existence have a present and con- stantly increasing value-they have been limited, for the most part, to special localities and particular periods or classes. Rich as the annals of Illinois are in the records and character of its distinguished citizens who, by their services in the public councils, upon the judicial bench and in the executive chair, in the forum and in the field, have reflected honor upon the State and the Nation, there has been hitherto no comprehensive attempt to gather together, in one volume, sketches of those who have been conspicuous in the creation and npbuilding of the State. The collection of material of this sert has been a task requiring patient and laborious research ; and, while all may not have been achieved in this direction that was desirable, owing to the insufficiency or total absence of data relating to the lives of many men most prominent in public affairs during the period to which they belonged, it is still believed that what has been accomplished will be found of permanent value and be appreciated by those most deeply interested in this phase of State history.


The large number of topics treated has made brevity and conciseness an indispensable feature of the work; consequently there has been no attempt to indulge in graces of style or


5


6


PREFATORY STATEMENT.


elaboration of narrative. The object has been to present, in simple language and concise form, facts of history of interest or valne to those who may choose to consult its pages. Absolute inerrancy is not claimed for every detail of the work, but no pains has been spared, and every available authority consulted, to arrive at complete accuracy of statement.


In view of the important bearing which railroad enterprises have had upon the extraor- dinary development of the State within the past fifty years, considerable space has been given to this department, especially with reference to the older lines of railroad whose history has been intimately interwoven with that of the State, and its progress in wealth and population.


In addition to the acknowledgments made by Dr. Bateman, it is but proper that I should express my personal obligations to the late Prof. Samuel M. Inglis, State Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, and his assistant, Prof. J. H. Freeman; to ex-Senator John M. Palmer, of Springfield ; to the late Hon. Joseph Medill, editor of "The ('hicago Tribune"; to the Hon. James B. Bradwell, of "The Chicago Legal News"; to Gen. Green B. Raum, Dr. Samuel Willard, and Dr. Garrett Newkirk, of Chicago (the latter as author of the prin- cipal portions of the article on the "Underground Railroad") ; to the Librarians of the State Historical Library, the Chicago Historical Library, and the Chicago Public Library, for special and valuable aid rendered, as well as to a large circle of correspondents in different parts of the State who have courteously responded to requests for information on special topics, and have thereby materially aided in securing whatever success may have been attained in the work.


In conclusion, I cannot omit to pay this final tribute to the memory of my friend and associate, Dr. Bateman, whose death, at his home in Galesburg, on October 21, 1897, was deplored, not only by his associates in the Faculty of Knox College, his former pupils and immediate neighbors, but by a large circle of friends in all parts of the State.


Although his labors as editor of this volume had been substantially finished at the time of his death (and they included the reading and revision of every line of copy at that time prepared, comprising the larger proportion of the volume as it now goes into the hands of the public), the enthusiasm, zeal and kindly appreciation of the labor of others which he brought to the discharge of his duties, have been sadly missed in the last stages of prepara- tion of the work for the press. In the estimation of many who have held his scholarship and his splendid endowments of mind and character in the highest admiration, his con- nection with the work will be its strongest commendation and the surest evidence of its merit.


With myself, the most substantial satisfaction I have in dismissing the volume from my hands and submitting it to the judgment of the public, exists in the fact that, in its prepara- tion, I have been associated with such a co-laborer-one whose abilities commanded nni- versal respect, and whose genial, scholarly character and noble qualities of mind and heart won the love and confidence of all with whom he came in contact, and whom it had been my privilege to count as a friend from an early period in his long and useful career.


Paul Selly, Associate Editor


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.


Abraham Lincoln, (Frontispiece).


1


Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, Lincoln. 237


Asylum for Incurable Insane, Bartonville.


Bateman, Newton (Portrait). 85


3


Board of Trade Building, Chicago. 277


Chicago Drainage Canal.


94


Comparative Size of Great Canals. 95


Early Historic Scenes, Chicago.


Early Historic Scenes, Chicago, (No. 2) 170


171


Engineering Hall, University of Illinois 280


Experiment Farm, University of Illinois. 12


Experiment Farm, University of Illinois-The Vineyard. 13


Experiment Farm, University of Illinois-Orchard Cultivation. 13


Home for Juvenile Female Offenders, Geneva 236


Illinois Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Quincy 438


Illinois State Building, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. 601


Illinois State Capitol, Springfield. 240


Illinois State Normal University, Normal 504


Illinois State Penitentiary, Joliet .. 306


Illinois State Penitentiary-Cell House and Women's Prison. 307


Illinois State Reformatory, Pontiac. 493


Institution for Deaf and Dumb, Jacksonville 300


Institution for the Blind, Jacksonville.


301


Library Building, University of Illinois 334


Library Building-Main Floor-University of Illinois 335


- Map of Burned District, Chicago Fire, 1871 276


Map of Grounds, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893 60€


Map of Illinois. Following Title Page


Map of Illinois River Valley.


McCormick Seminary, Chicago. 362


7


PAGE


Annex Central Hospital for Insane, Jacksonville. 84


8


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.


PAGE


Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago.


90


Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago .. 206


Monuments in Lincoln Park, Chicago. 207


Natural History Hall, University of Illinois. 151


Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin. 402


Selby, Paul (Portrait)


5


Soldiers' Widows' Home, Wilmington.


439


Southern Illinois Normal, Carbondale. 505


Southern Illinois Penitentiary and Asylum for Incurable Insane, Chester 492


University Hall, University of Illinois


150


University of Chicago. 363


University of Illinois, (Group of Buildings) 540


University of Illinois, (Group of Buildings) 541


View from Engineering Hall, University of Illinois. 281


Views in Lincoln Park, Chicago. 91


Western Hospital for the Insane, Watertown 403


Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois.


ABBOTT, (Lieut .- Gov.) Edward, a British officer, who was commandant at Post Vincennes (called by the British, Fort Sackville) at the time Col. George Rogers Clark captured Kaskas- kia in 1778. Abbott's jurisdiction extended, at least nominally, over a part of the "Illinois Country." Ten days after the occupation of Kas- kaskia, Colonel Clark, having learned that Abbott had gone to the British headquarters at Detroit, leaving the Post without any guard except that furnished by the inhabitants of the village, took advantage of his absence to send Pierre Gibault. the Catholic Vicar-General of Illi- nois, to win over the people to the American cause, which he did so successfully that they at once took the oath of allegiance, and the Ameri- can flag was run up over the fort. Although Fort Sackville afterwards fell into the hands of the British for a time, the manner of its occupa- tion was as much of a surprise to the British as that of Kaskaskia itself, and contributed to the completeness of Clark's triumph. (See Clark, Col. George Rogers, also, Gibault. Pierre.) Gov- ernor Abbott seems to have been of a more humane character than the mass of British officers of his day, as he wrote a letter to General Carleton about this time, protesting strongly against the employment of Indians in carrying on warfare against the colonists on the frontier, on the ground of humanity, claiming that it was a detriment to the British cause, although he was overruled by his superior officer, Colonel Hamilton, in the steps soon after taken to recap- ture Vincennes.


ABINGDON, a city and railway junction in Knox County, 10 miles south of Galesburg and 85 miles northeast of Quincy. It is the center of a rich agricultural region and has two banks, some flourishing manufactures, including heavy wag- ons, working men's clothing and mouse-traps. Hedding College, under the auspices of the


Methodist Episcopal Church, is located here. Abingdon Normal College, formerly a separate institution, located here, has been united with Hedding College. Population (1890), 1,321 ; (1899) estimated, 3,000.


ACCAULT, Michael (Ak-ko), French explorer and companion of La Salle, who came to the "Illinois Country" in 1780, and accompanied Hennepin when the latter descended the Illinois River to its mouth and then ascended the Mis- sissippi to the vicinity of the present city of St. Paul, where they were captured by Sioux. They were rescued by Greysolon Dulhut (for whom the city of Duluth was named), and having dis- covered the Falls of St. Anthony, returned to Green Bay. (See Hennepin.)


ACKERMAN, William K., Railway President and financier, was born in New York City, Jan. 29, 1832, of Knickerbocker and Revolutionary ancestry, his grandfather, Abraham D. Acker- man, having served as Captain of a company of the famous "Jersey Blues," participating with "Mad" Anthony Wayne in the stormning of Stony Point during the Revolutionary War, while his father served as Lieutenant of Artillery in the War of 1812. After receiving a high school edu- cation in New York, Mr. Ackerman engaged in mercantile business, but in 1852 became a clerk in the financial department of the Illinois Central Railroad. Coming to Chicago in the service of the Company in 1860, he successively filled the positions of Secretary, Auditor and Treasurer. until July, 1876, when he was elected Vice-Presi- dent and a year later promoted to the Presidency. voluntarily retiring from this position in August. 1883, though serving some time longer in the capacity of Vice-President. During the progress of the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago (1892-93) Mr. Ackerman served as Auditor of the Exposition, and was City Comptroller of Chicago under the administration of Mayor Hopkins


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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.


(1893-95). He is an active member of the Chicago Historical Society, and has rendered valuable service to railroad history by the issne of two bro- chures on the "Early History of Illinois Rail- roads," and a "Historical Sketch of the Illinois Central Railroad."


ADAMS, John, LL.D., educator and philan- thropist, was born at Canterbury, Conn., Sept. 18, 1772; graduated at Yale College in 1795; taught for several years in his native place, in Plain- field, N. J., and at Colchester, Conn. In 1810 he became Principal of Phillips Academy at An- dover, Mass., remaining there twenty-three years. In addition to his educational duties he participated in the organization of several great charitable associations which attained national importance. On retiring from Phillips Academy in 1833, he removed to Jacksonville, Ill., where, four years afterward, he became the third Prin- cipal of Jacksonville Female Academy, remaining six years. He then became Agent of the Ameri- can Sunday School Union, in the course of the next few years founding several hundred Sunday Schools in different parts of the State. He re- ceived the degree of LL. D. from Yale College in 1854. Died in Jacksonville, April 24, 1863. The subject of this sketch was father of Dr. William Adams, for forty years a prominent Presbyterian clergyman of New York and for seven years (1873- 80) President of Union Theological Seminary.




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