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The reapportionment following the census of 1840 was made by Act of March 1, 1843, and the first election of Representatives thereunder occurred on the first Monday of the following August. Forty-one new counties had been cre- ated (making ninety-six in all) and the number of districts was increased to seven as follows: First - Alexander, Union, Jackson, Monroe, Perry, Randolph, St. Clair, Bond, Washington, Madison; Second - Johnson, Pope, Hardin, Williamson, Gallatin, Franklin, White, Wayne, Hamilton, Wabash, Massac, Jefferson, Edwards, Marion; Third - Lawrence, Richland, Jasper, Fayette, Crawford, Effingham, Christian, Mont- gomery, Shelby, Moultrie, Coles, Clark, Clay, Edgar, Piatt, Macon, De Witt; Fourth-Lake,
McHenry, Boone, Cook, Kane, De Kalb, Du Page, Kendall, Will, Grundy, La Salle, Iroquois, Livingston, Champaign, Vermilion, McLean, Bureau; Fifth- Greene, Jersey, Calhoun, Pike, Adams, Marquette (a part of Adams never fully organized), Brown, Schuyler, Fulton, Peoria, Macoupin; Sixth - Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Winnebago, Carroll, Ogle, Whiteside, Henry, Lee, Rock Island, Stark, Mercer, Henderson, Warren, Knox, McDonough, Hancock; Seventh -Putnam, Marshall, Woodford, Cass, Tazewell, Mason, Menard, Scott, Morgan, Logan, Sangamon.
The next Congressional apportionment (August 22, 1852) divided the State into nine districts, as follows-the first election under it being held the following November: First - Lake, McHenry, Boone, Winnebago, Stephenson, Jo Daviess, Car- roll, Ogle; Second -Cook, Du Page, Kane, De Kalb, Lee, Whiteside, Rock Island; Third - Will, Kendall, Grundy, Livingston, La Salle, Putnam, Bureau, Vermilion, Iroquois, Cham- paign, McLean, De Witt; Fourth - Fulton, Peoria, Knox, Henry, Stark, Warren, Mercer, Marshall, Mason, Woodford, Tazewell; Fifth -Adams, Calhoun, Brown, Schuyler, Pike, Mc- Donough, Hancock, Henderson; Sixth-Morgan, Scott, Sangamon, Greene, Macoupin, Montgom- ery, Shelby, Christian, Cass, Menard, Jersey ; Seventh-Logan, Macon, Piatt, Coles, Edgar, Moultrie, Cumberland, Crawford, Clark, Effing- ham, Jasper, Clay, Lawrence, Richland, Fayette; Eighth - Randolph, Monroe, St. Clair, Bond, Madison, Clinton, Washington, Jefferson, Mar- ion; Ninth-Alexander, Pulaski, Massac, Union, Johnson, Pope, Hardin, Gallatin, Saline, Jack- son, Perry, Franklin, Williamson, Hamilton, Edwards, White, Wayne, Wabash.
The census of 1860 showed that Illinois was entitled to fourteen Representatives, but through an error the apportionment law of April 24, 1861, created only thirteen districts. This was com- pensated for by providing for the election of one Congressman for the State-at-large. The districts were as follows: First-Cook, Lake; Second- McHenry, Boone, Winnebago, De Kalb, and Kane; Third-Jo Daviess, Stephenson, White- side, Carroll, Ogle, Lee; Fourth-Adams, Han- cock, Warren, Mercer, Henderson, Rock Island; Fifth-Peoria, Knox, Stark, Marshall, Putnam, Bureau, Henry; Sixth-La Salle, Grundy, Ken- dall, Du Page, Will, Kankakee; Seventh - Macon, Piatt, Champaign, Douglas, Moultrie, Cumberland, Vermilion, Coles, Edgar, Iroquois, Ford; Eighth-Sangamon, Logan, De Witt, Mc- Lean, Tazewell, Woodford, Livingston; Ninth-
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
Fulton, Mason, Menard, Cass, Pike, McDonough, Schuyler, Brown; Tenth - Bond, Morgan, Cal- houn, Macoupin, Scott, Jersey, Greene, Christian, Montgomery, Shelby; Eleventh - Marion, Fay- ette, Richland, Jasper, Clay, Clark, Crawford, Franklin, Lawrence, Hamilton, Effingham, Wayne, Jefferson; Twelfth-St. Clair, Madison, Clinton, Monroe, Washington, Randolph ; Thirteenth-Alexander, Pulaski, Union, Perry, Johnson, Williamson, Jackson, Massac, Pope, Hardin, Gallatin, Saline, White, Edwards, Wabash.
The next reapportionment was made July I, 1872. The Act created nineteen districts, as fol- lows: First-The first seven wards in Chicago and thirteen towns in Cook County, with the county of Du Page; Second-Wards Eighth to Fifteenth (inclusive) in Chicago; Third-Wards Sixteenth to Twentieth in Chicago, the remainder of Cook County, and Lake County; Fourth- Kane, De Kalb, McHenry, Boone, and Winne- bago; Fifth-Jo Daviess, Stephenson, Carroll, Ogle, Whiteside; Sixth - Henry, Rock Island, Putnam, Bureau, Lee; Seventh-La Salle, Ken- dall, Grundy, Will; Eighth-Kankakee, Iroquois, Ford, Marshall, Livingston, Woodford; Ninth- Stark, Peoria, Knox, Fulton; Tenth - Mercer, Henderson, Warren, McDonough, Hancock, Schuyler; Eleventh - Adams, Brown, Calhoun, Greene, Pike, Jersey; Twelfth-Scott, Morgan, Menard, Sangamon, Cass, Christian; Thirteenth- Mason, Tazewell, McLean, Logan, De Witt; Four- teenth-Macon, Piatt, Champaign, Douglas, Coles, Vermilion; Fifteenth-Edgar, Clark. Cumber- land, Shelby, Moultrie, Effingham, Lawrence, Jasper, Crawford; Sixteenth - Montgomery, Fayette, Washington, Bond, Clinton, Marion, Clay; Seventeenth - Macoupin, Madison, St. Clair, Monroe; Eighteenth - Randolph, Perry, Jackson, Union, Johnson, Williamson, Alex- ander, Pope, Massac, Pulaski; Nineteenth- Richland, Wayne, Edwards, White, Wahash, Saline, Gallatin, Hardin, Jefferson, Franklin, Hamilton.
In 1882 (by Act of April 29) the number of dis- tricts was increased to twenty, and the bound- aries determined as follows: First-Wards First to Fourth (inclusive) in Chicago and thirteen towns in Cook County; Second-Wards 5th to 7th and part of 8th in Chicago; Third-Wards 9th to 14th and part of 8th in Chicago; Fourth -The remainder of the City of Chicago and of the county of Cook; Fifth - Lake, McHenry, Boone, Kane, and De Kalb; Sixth-Winnebago, Stephenson, Jo Daviess, Ogle, and Carroll;
Seventh - Lee, Whiteside, Henry, Bureau, Put- nam; Eighth-La Salle, Kendall, Grundy, Du Page, and Will; Ninth - Kankakee, Iroquois, Ford, Livingston, Woodford, Marshall; Tenth- Peoria, Knox, Stark, Fulton; Eleventh-Rock Island, Mercer, Henderson, Warren, Hancock, McDonough, Schuyler; Twelfth -Cass, Brown, Adams, Pike, Scott, Greene, Calhoun, Jersey; Thirteenth - Tazewell, Mason, Menard, Sanga- mon, Morgan, Christian; Fourteenth - McLean, De Witt, Piatt, Macon, Logan; Fifteenth - Coles, Edgar, Douglas, Vermilion, Champaign; Sixteenth - Cumberland. Clark, Jasper, Clay, Crawford, Richland, Lawrence, Wayne, Edwards, Wabash; Seventeenth - Macoupin, Montgomery, Moultrie, Shelby, Effingham, Fayette; Eight- eenth-Bond, Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, Wash- ington; Nineteenth - Marion, Clinton. Jefferson, Saline, Franklin, Hamilton, White, Gallatin, Har- din; Twentieth - Perry, Randolph, Jackson, Union, Williamson, Johnson, Alexander, Pope, Pulaski, Massac.
The census of 1890 showed the State to be entit- led to twenty-two Representatives. No reap- portionment, however, was made until June, 1893, two members from the State-at-large being elected in 1892. The existing twenty-two Con- gressional districts are as follows: The first seven districts comprise the counties of Cook and Lake, the latter lying wholly in the Seventh dis- trict; Eighth - McHenry, De Kalb, Kane, Du Page, Kendall, Grundy; Ninth - Boone, Winne- bago, Stephenson, Jo Daviess, Carroll, Ogle, Lee; Tenth-Whiteside, Rock Island, Mercer, Henry, Stark, Knox; Eleventh - Bureau, La Salle, Livingston, Woodford; Twelfth-Will, Kanka- kee, Iroquois, Vermilion; Thirteenth-Ford, Mc- Lean, De Witt, Piatt, Champaign, Donglas; Four- teenth - Putnam, Marshall, Peoria, Fulton, Tazewell, Mason; Fifteenthı-Henderson, War- ren, Hancock, McDonough, Adams, Brown, Schuyler; Sixteenth - Cass, Morgan, Scott, Pike, Greene, Macoupin, Calhoun, Jersey ; Seventeenth-Menard, Logan, Sangamon, Macon, Christian; Eighteenth-Madison, Montgomery, Bond, Fayette, Shelby, Moultrie; Nineteenth- Coles, Edgar, Clark, Cumberland, Effinghanı, Jasper, Crawford, Richland, Lawrence; Twenti- eth - Clay, Jefferson, Wayne, Hamilton, Ed- wards, Wabash, Franklin, White, Gallatin, Hardin; Twenty-first-Marion, Clinton, Washı- ington, St. Clair. Monroe, Randolph, Perry ; Twenty-second - Jackson, Union, Alexander, Pulaski, Johnson, Williamson, Saline, Pope, Massac. (See also Representatives in Congress. )
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
ARCHER, William B., pioneer, was born in Warren County, Ohio, in 1792, and taken to Ken- tucky at an early day, where he remained until 1817, when his family removed to Illinois, finally settling in what is now Clark County. Although pursuing the avocation of a farmer, he became one of the most prominent and influential men in that part of the State. On the organization of Clark County in 1819, he was appointed the first County and Circuit Clerk, resigning the former office in 1820 and the latter in 1822. In 1824 he was elected to the lower branch of the General Assembly, and two years later to the State Senate, serving continuously in the latter eight years. He was thus a Senator on the breaking out of the Black Hawk War (1832), in which he served as a Captain of militia. In 1834 he was an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant-Governor ; was appointed by Governor Duncan, in 1835, a member of the first Board of Commissioners of the Illinois & Michigan Canal; in 1838 was returned a second time to the House of Repre- sentatives and re-elected in 1840 and '46 to the same body. Two years later (1848) he was again elected Circuit Clerk, remaining until 1852, and in 1854 was an Anti-Nebraska Whig candidate for Congress in opposition to James C. Allen. Althoughi Allen received the certificate of elec- tion, Archer contested his right to the seat, with the result that Congress declared the seat vacant and referred the question back to the people. In a new election held in August, 1856, Archer was defeated and Allen elected. He held no public office of importance after this date, but in 1856 was a delegate to the first Republican National Convention at Philadelphia, and in that body was an enthusiastic supporter of Abraham Lincoln, whose zealous friend and admirer he was, for the office of Vice-President. He was also one of the active promoters of various railroad enterprises in that section of the State, especially the old Chicago & Vincennes Road, the first projected southward from the City of Chicago. His con- nection with the Illinois & Michigan Canal was the means of giving his name to Archer Avenue, a somewhat famous thoroughfare in Chicago. He was of tall stature and great energy of char- acter, with a tendency to enthusiasmn that com- municated itself to others. A local history has said of him that "he did more for Clark County than any man in his day or since, " although "no consideration, pecuniary or otherwise, was ever given him for his services." Colonel Archer was one of the founders of Marshall, the county-seat of Clark County, Governor Duncan being associ-
ated with him in the ownership of the land on which the town was laid out. His death oc- curred in Clark County, August 9, 1870, at the age of 78 years.
ARCOLA, an incorporated city in Douglas County, 158 miles south of Chicago, at the inter- section of the Illinois Central and the Paris & Decatur Railways. Its principal manufacturing plants are a broom factory and brick and tile works. It also has manufactures of flour, car- riages, and agricultural implements. Arcola is lighted by electricity, and contains a handsome city hall, nine churches, a high-school and two newspapers. Population (1880), 1,515; (1890), 1,733.
ARENZ, Francis A., pioneer, was born at Blankenberg, in the Province of the Rhein, Prussia, Oct. 31, 1800; obtained a good education and, while a young man, engaged in mercantile business in his native country. In 1827 he came to the United States and, after spending two years in Kentucky, in 1829 went to Galena, where he was engaged for a short time in the lead trade. He took an early opportunity to become naturalized, and coming to Beardstown a few months later, went into merchandising and real estate; also became a contractor for furnishing supplies to the State troops during the Black Hawk War. Beardstown being at the time a rendezvous and shipping point. In 1834 he began the publi- cation of "The Beardstown Chronicle and Illinois Bounty Land Register," and was the projector of the Beardstown & Sangamon Canal, extending from the Illinois River at Beardstown to Miller's Ferry on the Sangamon, for which he secured a special charter from the Legislature in 1836. He had a survey of the line made, but the hard times prevented the beginning of the work and it was finally abandoned. Retiring from the mercantile business in 1835, he located on a farm six miles southeast of Beardstown, but in 1839 removed to a tract of land near the Morgan County line which he had bought in 1833, and on which the present village of Arenzville now stands. This became the center of a thrifty agricultural com- munity composed largely of Germans, among whom he exercised a large influence. Resuming the mercantile business here, he continued it until about 1853, when he sold out a considerable part of his possessions. An ardent Whig, he was elected as such to the lower branch of the Four- teenth General Assembly (1844) from Morgan County, and during the following session suc- ceeded in securing the passage of an act by which a strip of territory three miles wide in the north- ern part of Morgan County, including the village
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
of Arenzville, and which had been in dispute, was transferred by vote of the citizens to Cass County. In 1852 Mr. Arenz visited his native land, by appointment of President Fillmore, as bearer of dispatches to the American legations at Berlin and Vienna. He was one of the founders of the Illinois State Agricultural Society of 1853, and served as the Vice-President for his district until his death, and was also the founder and President of the Cass County Agricultural Soci- ety. Died, April 2, 1856.
ARLINGTON, a village of Bureau County, on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, 92 miles west of Chicago. Population (1880), 447; (1890), 436.
ARLINGTON HEIGHTS (formerly Dunton), a village of Cook County, on the Chicago & North- western Railway, 22 miles northwest of Chicago; is in a dairying district and has several cheese factories, besides a sewing machine factory, hotels and churches, a graded school, a bank and one newspaper. Population (1880), 995; (1890), 1,424.
ARMOUR, Philip Danforth, packer, Board of Trade operator and capitalist, was born at Stock- bridge, Madison County, N. Y., May 16, 1832. After receiving the benefits of such education as the village academy afforded, in 1852 he set out across the Plains to California, where he re- mained four years, achieving only moderate suc- cess as a miner. Returning east in 1856, he soon after embarked in the commission business in Milwaukee, continuing until 1863, when he formed a partnership with Mr. John Plankinton in the meat-packing business. Later, in conjunc- tion with his brothers-H. O. Armour having already built up an extensive grain commission trade in Chicago-he organized the extensive packing and commission firin of Armour & Co., with branches in New York, Kansas City and Chicago, their headquarters being removed to the latter place from Milwaukee in 1875. Mr. Armour is a most industrious and me- thodical business man, giving as many hours to the superintendence of business details as the most industrious day-laborer, the result being seen in the creation of one of the most extensive and prosperous firms in the country. Mr. Armour's practical benevolence has been demon- strated in a munificent manner by his establish- ment and endowment of the Armour Institute (a manual training school) in Chicago, at a cost of over $2,250,000, as an offshoot of the Armour Mission founded on the bequest of his deceased brother. Joseph F. Armour.
ARMSTRONG, John Strawn, pioneer, born in Somerset County, Pa., May 29, 1810, the oldest of a family of nine sons; was taken by his parents in 1811 to Licking County, Ohio, where he spent his childhood and early youth. His father was a native of Ireland and his mother a sister of Jacob Strawn, afterwards a wealthy stock-grower and dealer in Morgan County. In 1829, John S. came to Tazewell County, Ill., but two years later joined the rest of his family in Putnam (now Marshall) County, all finally removing to La Salle County, where they were among the earli- est settlers. Here he settled on a farm in 1834, where he continued to reside over fifty years, when he located in the village of Sheridan, but early in 1897 went to reside with a daughter in Ottawa. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk War, has been a prominent and influential farm- er, and, in the later years of his life, has been a leader in "Granger" politics, being Master of his local "Grange," and also serving as Treasurer of the State Grange .- George Washington (Arm- strong), brother of the preceding, was born upon the farm of his parents, Joseph and Elsie (Strawn) Armstrong, in Licking County, Ohio, Dec. 9, 1812; learned the trade of a weaver with his father (who was a woolen manufacturer), and at the age of 18 was in charge of the factory. Early in 1831 he came with his mother's family to Illinois, locating a few months later in La Salle County. In 1832 he served with his older brother as a soldier in the Black Hawk War, was identified with the early steps for the construc- tion of the Illinois & Michigan Canal, finally be- coming a contractor upon the section at Utica, where he resided several years. He then returned to the farm near the present village of Seneca, where he had located in 1833, and where (with the exception of his residence at Utica) he has resided continuously over sixty-five years. In 1844 Mr. Armstrong was elected to the lower branch of the Fourteenth General Assembly, also served in the Constitutional Convention of 1847 and, in 1858, was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Congress in opposition to Owen Lovejoy. Re-entering the Legislature in 1860 as Representative from La Salle County, he served in that body by successive re-elections until 1868, proving one of its ablest and most influential members, as well as an accomplished parliamen- tarian. Mr. Armstrong was one of the original promoters of the Kankakee & Seneca Railroad .- William E. (Armstrong), third brother of this family, was born in Licking County, Ohio, Oct. 25, 1814; came to Illinois with the rest of the
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
family in 1831, and resided in La Salle County until 1841, meanwhile serving two or three terms as Sheriff of the county. The latter year he was appointed one of the Commissioners to locate the county-seat of the newly-organized county of Grundy, finally becoming one of the founders and the first permanent settler of the town of Grundy -later called Morris, in honor of Hon. I. N. Mor- ris, of Quincy, Ill, at that time one of the Com- missioners of the Illinois & Michigan Canal. Here Mr. Armstrong was again elected to the office of Sheriff, serving several terms. So ex- tensive was his influence in Grundy County, that he was popularly known as "The Emperor of Grundy." Died, Nov. 1, 1850 .- Joel W. (Arm- strong), a fourth brother, was born in Licking County, Ohio, Jan. 6, 1817; emigrated in boyhood to La Salle County, Ill .; served one term as County Recorder, was member of the Board of Supervisors for a number of years and the first Postmaster of his town. Died, Dec. 3, 1871 .- Perry A. (Armstrong), the seventh brother of this historic family, was born near Newark, Lick- ing County, Ohio, April 15, 1823, and came to La Salle County, Ill., in 1831. His opportunities for acquiring an education in a new country were limited, but between work on the farm and serv- ice as a clerk of his brother George, aided by a short term in an academy and as a teacher in Kendall County, he managed to prepare himself for college, entering Illinois College at Jackson- ville in 1843. Owing to failure of health, he was compelled to abandon his plan of obtaining a col- legiate education and returned home at the end of his Freshman year, but continued his studies, meanwhile teaching district schools in the winter and working on his mother's farm during the crop season, until 1845, when he located in Mor- ris, Grundy County, opened a general store and was appointed Postmaster. He has been in pub- lic position of some sort ever since he reached his majority, including the offices of School Trustee, Postmaster, Justice of the Peace, Supervisor, County Clerk (two terms), Delegate to the Con- stitutional Convention of 1862, and two terms as Representative in the General Assembly (1862-64 and 1872-74). During his last session in the Gen- eral Assembly he took a conspicuous part in the revision of the statutes under the Constitution of 1870, framing some of the most important laws on the statute book, while participating in the preparation of others. At an earlier date it fell to his lot to draw up the original charters of the Chicago & Rock Island, the Illinois Central, and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads. He
has also been prominent in Odd Fellow and Masonic circles, having been Grand Master of the first named order in the State and being the old- est 32d degree Mason in Illinois; was admitted to the State bar in 1864 and to that of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1868, and has been Master in Chancery for over twenty consecutive years. Mr. Armstrong has also found time to do some literary work, as shown by his history of "The Sauks and Black Hawk War," and a num- ber of poems. He takes much pleasure in relat- ing reminiscences of pioneer life in Illinois, one of which is the story of his first trip from Ottawa to Chicago, in December, 1831, when he accompanied his oldest brother (William E. Armstrong) to Chicago with a sled and ox- team for salt to cure their mast-fed pork, the trip requiring ten days. His recollection is, that there were but three white families in Chicago at that time, but a large number of Indians mixed with half-breeds of French and Indian origin.
ARNOLD, Isaac N., lawyer and Congressman, was born near Cooperstown, N. Y., Nov. 30, 1813, being descended from one of the companions of Roger Williams. Thrown upon his own resources at an early age, he was largely "self-made." He read law at Cooperstown, and was admitted to the bar in 1835. The next year he removed to Chicago, was elected the first City Clerk in 1837, but resigned before the close of the year and was admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1841. He soon established a reputation as a lawyer, and served for three terms (the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Twentieth) in the lower house of the Legisla- ture. In 1844 he was a Presidential Elector on the Polk ticket, but the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, with the legislation regarding Kan- sas and Nebraska, logically forced him, as a free- soiler, into the ranks of the Republican party, by which he was sent to Congress from 1861 to 1865. While in Congress he prepared and delivered an exhaustive argument in support of the right of confiscation by the General Government. After the expiration of his last Congressional term, Mr. Arnold returned to Chicago, where he resided until his death, April 24, 1884. He was of schol- arly instincts, fond of literature and an author of repute. Among his best known works are his "Life of Abraham Lincoln" and his "Life of Benedict Arnold."
ARRINGTON, Alfred W., clergyman, lawyer and author, was born in Iredell County, N. C., September, 1810, being the son of a Whig mem- ber of Congress from that State. In 1829 he was
.
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HISTORICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ILLINOIS.
received on trial as a Methodist preacher and became a circuit-rider in Indiana; during 1832-33 served as an itinerant in Missouri, gaining much celebrity by his eloquence. In 1834 he began the study of law, and having been admitted to the bar, practiced for several years in Arkansas, where he was sent to the Legislature, and, in 1844, was the Whig candidate for Presidential Elec- tor. Later he removed to Texas, where he served as Judge for six years. In 1856 he removed to Madison, Wis., but a year later came to Chicago, where he attained distinction as a lawyer, dying in that city Dec. 31, 1867. He was an accom- plished scholar and gifted writer, having written much for "The Democratic Review" and "The Southern Literary Messenger," over the signature of "Charles Summerfield," and was author of an "Apostrophe to Water," which he put in the mouth of an itinerant Methodist preacher, and which John B. Gough was accustomed to quote with great effect. A volume of his poems with a memoir was published in Chicago in 1869.
ARROWSMITH, a village of McLean County, on the Lake Erie & Western Railway, 20 miles east of Bloomington; is in an agricultural and stock region; has one newspaper. Population
(1890), 420.
ARTHUR, a village of Moultrie County, at the junction of the Chicago & Eastern Illinois and the St. Louis, Vandalia & Terre Haute Railroad, 9 miles west of Arcola. The region is agricul- tural. It has a bank and a weekly newspaper. Population (1890), 536.
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