Historical encyclopedia of Illinois, Part 69

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn; Selby, Paul, 1825-1913; Gale, W. Shelden
Publication date: 1899
Publisher: Chicago : Munsell Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 1388

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LOGAN COUNTY, situated in the central part of the State, and having an area of abont 620 square miles. Its surface is chiefly a level or moderately undulating prairie, with some high ridges, as at Elkhart. Its soil is extremely fertile and well drained by numerous creeks. Coal- mining is successfully carried on. The other staple products are corn, wheat, oats, hay, cattle and pork. Settlers began to locate in 1819-22, and the county was organized in 1839, being originally cut off from Sangamon. In 1840 a portion of Tazewell was added and, in 1845, a part of De Witt Connty. It was named in honor of Dr. John Logan, father of Senator John A. Logan. Postville was the first county-seat, but,

in 1847, a change was made to Mount Pulaski, and, later, to Lincoln, which is the present capi- tal. Population (1880), 25,037; (1890), 25,489.

LOMBARD, a village of Dupage County, on the Chicago & Great Western and the Chicago & Northwestern Railways. Population (1880), 378; (1890), 515.

LOMBARD UNIVERSITY, an institution at Galesburg under control of the Universalist denomination, founded in 1851. It has prepara- tory, collegiate and theological departments. The collegiate department includes both classical and scientific courses, with a specially arranged conrse of three years for young women, who con- stitute nearly half the number of students. The University has an endowment of $200,000, and owns additional property, real and personal, of the value of $100,000. In 1898 it reported a fac- ulty of thirteen professors, with an attendance of 191 students.

LONDON MILLS, a village and railway station of Fulton County, on the Fulton Narrow Gauge and Iowa Central Railroads, 19 miles southeast of Galesburg. The district is agricultural; the town has a bank and a weekly newspaper. Population (1890), 661.

LONG, Stephen Harriman, civil engineer, was born in Hopkinton, N. H., Dec. 30, 1784; gradu- ated at Dartmouth College in 1809, and, after teaching some years, entered the United States Army in December, 1814, as a Lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers, acting as Assistant Professor of Mathematics at West Point; in 1816 was trans- ferred to the Topographical Engineers with the brevet rank of Major. From 1818 to 1823 he had charge of explorations between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, and, in 1823-24, to the sources of the Mississippi. One of the highest peaks of the Rocky Mountains was named in his honor. Between 1827 and 1830 he was employed as a civil engineer on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and from 1837 to 1840, as Engineer- in-Chief of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, in Georgia, where he introduced a system of curves and a new kind of truss bridge afterwards gener- ally adopted. On the organization of the Topo- graphical Engineers as a separate corps in 1838, he became Major of that body, and, in 1861, chief, with the rank of Colonel. An account of his first expedition to the Rocky Mountains (1819-20) by Dr. Edwin James, was published in 1823, and the following year appeared "Long's Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River, Lake of the Woods, Etc." He was a member of the Ameri- can Philosophical Society and the author of the

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first original treatise on railroad building ever published in this country, under the title of "Railroad Manual" (1829). During the latter days of his life his home was at Alton, Ill., where he died, Sept. 4, 1864. Though retired from active service in June, 1863, he continued in the discharge of important duties up to his death.

LONGENECKER, Joel M., lawyer, was born in Crawford County, Ill., June 12, 1847; before reaching his eighteenth year he enlisted in the Fifth Illinois Cavalry, serving until the close of the war. After attending the high school at Robinson and teaching for some time, he began the study of law and was admitted to the bar at Olney in 1870; served two years as City Attorney and four (1877-81) as Prosecuting Attorney, in the latter year removing to Chicago. Here, in 1884, he be- came the assistant of Luther Laflin Mills in the office of Prosecuting Attorney of Cook County, retaining that position with Mr. Mills' successor, Judge Grinnell. On the promotion of the latter to the bench, in 1886, Mr. Longenecker succeeded to the office of Prosecuting Attorney, continuing in that position until 1892. While in this office he conducted a large number of important crimi- nal cases, the most important, perhaps, being the trial of the murderers of Dr. Cronin, in which he gained a wide reputation for skill and ability as a prosecutor in criminal cases.

LOOMIS, (Rev.) Hubbell, clergyman and edu- cator, was born in Colchester, Conn., May 31, 1775; prepared for college in the common schools and at Plainfield Academy, in his native State, finally graduating at Union College, N. Y., in 1799-having supported himself during a con- siderable part of his educational course hy manual labor and teaching. He subsequently studied theology, and, for twenty-four years, served as pastor of a Congregational church at Willington, Conn., meanwhile fitting a number of young men for college, including among them Dr. Jared Sparks, afterwards President of Har- vard College and author of numerous historical works. About 1829 his views on the subject of baptism underwent a change, resulting in his uniting himself with the Baptist Church. Com- ing to Illinois soon after, he spent some time at Kaskaskia and Edwardsville, and, in 1832, located at Upper Alton, where he became a prominent factor in laying the foundation of Shurtleff Col- lege, first by the establishment of the Baptist Seminary, of which he was the Principal for several years, and later by assisting, in 1835, to secure the charter of the college in which the seminary was merged. His name stood first on

the list of Trustees of the new institution, and, in proportion to his means, he was a liberal con- tributor to its support in the period of its infancy. The latter years of his life were spent among his books in literary and scientific pursuits. Died at Upper Alton, Dec. 15, 1872, at the advanced age of nearly 98 years .- A son of his-Prof. Elias Loomis-an eminent mathematician and natural- ist, was the author of "Loomis' Algebra" and other scientific text-books, in extensive use in the colleges of the country. He held professorships in various institutions at different times, the last being that of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in Yale College, from 1860 up to his death in 1889.

LORIMER, William, Member of Congress, was born in Manchester, England, of Scotch parent- age, April .27, 1861; came with his parents to America at five years of age, and, after spending some years in Michigan and Ohio, came to Chi- cago in 1870, where he entered a private school. Having lost his father by death at twelve years of age, he became an apprentice in the sign-paint- ing business; was afterwards an employé on a street-railroad, finally engaging in the real-estate business and serving as an appointee of Mayor Roche and Mayor Washburne in the city water department. In 1892 he was the Republican. nominee for Clerk of the Superior Court, but was. defeated. Two years later he was elected to the Fifty-fourth Congress from the Second Illinois District, and re-elected in 1896, as he was again. in 1898. His plurality in 1896 amounted to 26, 736- votes.

LOUISVILLE, the county-seat of Clay County ; situated on the Little Wabash River and on the Springfield Division of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad. It is 100 miles south- southeast of Springfield and 6 miles north of Flora. It has a court house, three churches, a high school, a savings bank and two weekly newspapers. Population (1880), 514; (1890), 637.

LOUISVILLE, EVANSVILLE & NEW AL- BANY RAILROAD. (See Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis (Consolidated) Railroad.)

LOUISVILLE, EVANSVILLE & ST. LOUIS (Consolidated) RAILROAD. The length of this. entire line is 358.55 miles, of which nearly 150. miles are operated in Illinois. It crosses the State: from East St. Louis to Mount Carmel, on the. Wabash River. Within Illinois the system uses: a single track of standard gauge, laid with steel rails on white-oak ties. The grades are usually light, although, as the line leaves the Mississippi bottom, the gradient is about two per cent or 105.6 feet per mile. The total capitalization

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(1898) was $18,236,246, of which $4,247,909 was in stock and $10,568,350 in bonds. - (HISTORY.) The original corporation was organized in both Indi- ana and Illinois in 1869, and the Illinois section of the line opened from Mount Carmel to Albion (18 miles) in January, 1873. The Indiana division was sold under foreclosure in 1876 to the Louis- ville, New Albany & St. Louis Railway Com- pany, while the Illinois division was reorganized in 1878 under the name of the St. Louis, Mount Carmel & New Albany Railroad. A few months later the two divisions were consolidated under the name of the former. In 1881 this line was again consolidated with the Evansville, Rockport & Eastern Railroad (of Indiana), taking the name of the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis Railroad. In 1889, by a still further consolidation, it absorbed several short lines in Indiana and Illi- nois-those in the latter State being the Illinois & St. Louis Railroad and Coal Company, the Belleville, Centralia & Eastern (projected from Belleville to Mount Vernon) and the Venice & Carondelet-the new organization assuming the present name-Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis (Consolidated) Railroad.

LOUISVILLE & NASHVILLE RAILROAD, a corporation operating an extensive system of railroads, chiefly south of the Ohio River and extending through Kentucky and Tennessee into Indiana. The portion of the line in Illinois (known as the St. Louis, Evansville & Nashville line) extends from East St. Louis to the Wabash River, in White County (133.64 miles), with branches from Belleville to O'Fallon (6.07 miles), and from McLeansboro to Shawneetown (40.7 miles)-total, 180.41 miles. The Illinois Divi- sion, though virtually owned by the operating line, is formally leased from the Southeast & St. Louis Railway Company, whose corporate exist- ence is merely nominal. The latter company acquired title to the property after foreclosure in November, 1880, and leased it in perpetuity to the Louisville & Nashville Company. The total earnings and income of the leased line in Illinois, for 1898, were $1,052,789, and the total expendi- tures (including $47,198 taxes) were $657,125.

LOUISVILLE & ST. LOUIS RAILWAY. (See Jacksonville & St. Louis Railway.)

LOVEJOY, Elijah Parish, minister aud anti- slavery journalist, was born at Albion, Maine, Nov. 9, 1802-the son of a Congregational minis- ter. He graduated at Waterville College in 1826, came west and taught school in St. Louis in 1827, and became editor of a Whig paper there in 1829. Later, he studied theology at Princeton

and was licensed as a Presbyterian minister in 1833. Returning to St. Louis, he started "The Observer"-a religious weekly, which condemned slave-holding. Threats of violence from the pro-slavery party induced him to remove his paper, presses, etc., to Alton, in July, 1836. Three times within twelve months his plant was de- stroyed by a mob. A fourth press having been procured, a number of his friends agreed to pro- tect it from destruction in the warehouse where it was stored. On the evening of Nov. 7, 1837, a mob, having assembled about the building, sent one of their number to the roof to set it on fire. Lovejoy, with two of his friends, stepped outside to reconnoiter, when he was shot down by parties in ambush, breathing his last a few minutes later. His death did much to strengthen the anti-slavery sentiment north of Mason and Dixon's line. His party regarded him as a martyr, and his death was made the text for many impassioned and effective appeals in oppo- sition to an institution which employed moboc- racy and murder in its efforts to suppress free discussion. (See Alton Riots.)

LOVEJOY, Owen, clergyman and Congressman, was born at Albion, Maine, Jan. 6, 1811. Being the son of a clergyman of small means, he was thrown upon his own resources, but secured a collegiate education, graduating at Bowdoin College. In 1836 he removed to Alton, Ill., join- ing his brother, Elijah Parish Lovejoy, who was conducting an anti-slavery and religious journal there, and whose assassination by a pro-slavery moh he witnessed the following year. (See Alton Riots and Elijah P. Lovejoy.) This tragedy induced him to devote his life to a crusade against slavery. Having previously begun the study of theology, he was ordained to the minis- try and officiated for several years as pastor of a Congregational church at Princeton. In 1847 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Constitu- tional Convention on the "Liberty" ticket, but, in 1854. was elected to the Legislature upon that issue, and earnestly supported Abraham Lincoln for United States Senator. Upon his election to the Legislature he resigned his pastorate at Princeton, his congregation presenting him with a solid silver service in token of their esteem. In 1856 he was elected a Representative in Congress by a majority of 7,000, and was re-elected for three successive terms. As an orator he had few equals in the State, while his courage in the support of his principles was indomitable. In the campaigns of 1856, '58 and '60 he rendered valuable service to the Republican party, as he

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did later in upholding the cause of the Union in Congress. He died in Brooklyn, N. Y., March 25, 1864.

LOVINGTON, a village of Moultrie County, at the intersection of the Terre Haute & Peoria Railroad, with the Bement & Altamont Division of the Wabash Railway, 23 miles southeast of Decatur. The town has a bank and a newspaper. Considerable grain and live-stock are shipped here. Population (1880), 557; (1890), 767.

LUDLAM, (Dr.) Reuben, physician and author, was born at Camden, N. J., Oct. 11, 1831, the son of Dr. Jacob. Watson Ludlam, an eminent phy- sician who, in his later years, became a resident of Evanston, Ill. The younger Ludlam, having taken a course in an academy at Bridgeton, N. J., at sixteen years of age entered upon the study of medicine with his father, followed by a course of lectures at the University of Pennsyl- vania, where he graduated, in 1852. Having removed to Chicago the following year, he soon after began an investigation of the homoeopathic system of medicine, which resulted in its adop- tion, and, a few years later, had acquired such prominence that, in 1859, he was appointed Pro- fessor of Physiology and Pathology in the newly established Hahnemann Medical College in the city of Chicago, with which he continued to be connected for nearly forty years. Besides serving as Secretary of the institution at its inception, he had, as early as 1854, taken a position as one of the editors of "The Chicago Homoeopath," later being editorially associated with "The North American Journal of Homoeopathy, " published in New York City, and "The United States Medical and Surgical Journal" of Chicago. He also served as President of numerous medical associ- ations, and, in 1877, was appointed by Governor Cullom a member of the State Board of Health, serving, by two subsequent reappointments, for a period of fifteen years. In addition to his labors as a lecturer and practitioner, Dr. Ludlam was one of the most prolific authors on professional lines in the city of Chicago, besides numerous monographs on special topics, having produced a "Course of Clinical Lectures on Diphtheria" (1863); "Clinical and Didactic Lectures on the Diseases of Women" (1871), and a translation from the French of "Lectures on Clinical Medi- cine" (1880). The second work mentioned is recognized as a valuable text-book, and has passed through seven or eight editions. A few years after his first connection with the Hahne- mann Medical College, Dr. Ludlam became Pro- fessor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and, on the

death of President C. S. Smith, was chosen President of the institution. Died suddenly from heart disease, while preparing to perform a surgi- cal operation on a patient in the Hahnemann Medical College, April 29, 1899.

LUNDY, Benjamin, early anti-slavery journal- ist, was born in New Jersey of Quaker par- entage; at 19 worked as a saddler at Wheeling, Va., where he first gained a practical knowledge of the institution of slavery; later carried on business at Mount Pleasant and St. Clairsville, O., where, in 1815, he organized an anti-slavery association under the name of the "Union Humane Society," also contributing anti-slavery articles to "The Philanthropist," a paper pub- lished at Mount Pleasant. Removing to St. Louis, in 1819, he took a deep interest in the con- test over the admission of Missouri as a slave State. Again at Mount Pleasant, in 1821, he began the issue of "The Genius of Universal Emancipation," a monthly, which he soon removed to Jonesbor- ough, Tenn., and finally to Baltimore in 1824, when it became a weekly. Mr. Lundy's trend towards colonization is shown in the fact that he made two visits (1825 and 1829) to Hayti, with a view to promoting the colonization of emanci- pated slaves in that island. Visiting the East in 1828, he made the acquaintance of William Lloyd Garrison, who became a convert to his views and a firm ally. The following winter he was as- saulted by a slave-dealer in Baltimore and nearly killed; soon after removed his paper to Washing- ton and, later, to Philadelphia, where it took the name of "The National Enquirer," being finally merged into "The Pennsylvania Freeman." In 1838 his property was burned by the pro-slavery mob which fired Pennsylvania Hall, and, in the following winter, he removed to Lowell, La Salle Co., Ill., with a view to reviving his paper there, but the design was frustrated by his early death, which occurred August 22, 1839. The paper, however, was revived by Zebina Eastman under the name of "The Genius of Liberty, " but was re- moved to Chicago, in 1842, and issued under the name of "The Western Citizen." (See Eastman, Zebina.)

LUNT, Orrington, capitalist and philanthro- pist, was born in Bowdoinham, Maine, Dec. 24, 1815; came to Chicago in 1842, and engaged in the grain commission business, becoming a mem- ber of the Board of Trade at its organization. Later, he became interested in real estate oper- ations, fire and life insurance and in railway enterprises, being one of the early promoters of the Chicago & Galena Union, now a part of the

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Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. He also took an active part in municipal affairs, and, during the War, was an efficient member of the "War Finance Committee." A liberal patron of all moral and benevolent enterprises, as shown by his cooperation with the "Relief and Aid Soci- ety" after the fire of 1871, and his generous bene- factions to the Young Men's Christian Association and feeble churches, his most efficient service was rendered to the cause of education as repre- sented in the Northwestern University, of which he was a Trustee from its organization, and much of the time an executive officer. To his noble benefaction the institution owes its splendid library building, erected some years ago at a cost of $100,000. In the future history of Chi- cago. Mr. Lunt's name will stand beside that of J. Young Scammon, Walter L. Newberry, John Crerar, and others of its most liberal benefactors. Died, at his home in Evanston, April 5, 1897.

LUSK, John T., pioneer, was born in South Carolina, Nov. 7, 1784; brought to Kentucky in 1791 by his father (James Lnsk), who established a ferry across the Ohio, opposite the present town of Golconda, in Pope County, Ill. Lusk's Creek, which empties into the Ohio in that vicinity, took its name from this family. In 1805 the sub- ject of this sketch came to Madison County, III., and settled near Edwardsville. During the War of 1812-14 he was engaged in the service as a "Ranger." When Edwardsville began its growth, he moved into the town and erected a house of hewn logs, a story and a half high and containing three rooms, which became the first hotel in the town and a place of considerable historical note. Mr. Lusk held, at different periods, the positions of Deputy Circuit Clerk, County Clerk, Recorder and Postmaster, dying, Dec. 23. 1857.

LUTHERANS, The. While this sect in Illi- nois, as elsewhere, is divided into many branches, it is a unit in accepting the Bible as the only in- fallible rule of faith, in the use of Luther's small Catechism in instruction of the young, in the practice of infant baptism and confirmation at an early age, and in acceptance of the Augsburg Confession. Services are conducted, in various sections of the country, in not less than twelve different languages. The number of Lutheran ministers in Illinois exceeds 400, who preach in the English, German, Danish, Swedish, Fin- nish and Hungarian tongues. The churches over which they preside recognize allegiance to eight distinct ecclesiastical bodies, denomi- nated synods, as follows: The Northern, South-

ern, Central and Wartburg Synods of the General Synod; the Illinois-Missouri District of the Synodical Conference; the Synod for the Norwegian Evangelical Church; the Swedishi- Augustana, and the Indiana Synod of the General Council. To illustrate the large proportion of the foreign element in this denomination, reference may be made to the fact that, of sixty-three Lutheran churches in Chicago, only four use the English language. Of the remainder, thirty- seven make use of the German, ten Swedish, nine Norwegian and three Danish. The whole num- ber of communicants in the State, in 1892, was estimated at 90,000. The General Synod sustains a German Theological Seminary in Chicago. (See also Religious Denominations.

LYONS, a village of Cook County, 12 miles southwest of Chicago. Population (1880), 486; (1890), 732.

MACALISTER & STEBBINS BONDS, the name given to a class of State indebtedness incurred in the year 1841, through the hypothe- cation, by John D. Whiteside (then Fund Com- missioner of the State of Illinois), with Messrs. Macalister & Stebbins, brokers of New York City, of 804 interest-bearing bonds of $1,000 eaclı, payable in 1865, upon which the said Macalister & Stebbins advanced to the State $261,560.83. This was done with the understanding that the firm would make further advances sufficient to increase the aggregate to forty per cent of the face value of the bonds, but upon which no further advances were actually made. In addi- tion to these, there were deposited with the same firm, within the next few months, with a like understanding, internal improvement bonds and State scrip amounting to $109,215.44-making the aggregate of State securities in their hands $913,- 215.44, upon which the State had received only the amount already named-being 28.64 per cent of the face value of such indebtedness. Attempts having been made by the holders of these bonds (with whom they had been hypothecated by Macalister & Stebbins), to secure settlement on their par face value, the matter became the sub- ject of repeated legislative acts, the most impor- tant of which were passed in 1847 and 1849-both reciting, in their respective preambles, the history of the transaction. The last of these provided for the issue to Macalister & Stebbins of new bonds, payable in 1865, for the amount of princi- pal and interest of the sum actually advanced and found to be due, conditioned upon the sur- render, by them, of the original bonds and other

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evidences of indebtedness received by them in 1841. This the actual holders refused to accept, and brought the case before the Supreme Court in an effort to compel the Governor (who was then ex-officio Fund Commissioner) to recognize the full face of their claim. This the Supreme Court refused to do, on the ground that, the executive being a co-ordinate branch of the Gov- ernment, they had no authority over his official acts. In 1859 a partial refunding of these bonds, to the amount of $114,000, was obtained from Governor Bissell, who, being an invalid, was probably but imperfectly acquainted with their history and previous legislation on the subject. Representations made to him led to a suspension of the proceeding, and, as the bonds were not transferable except on the books of the Funding Agency in the office of the State Auditor, they were treated as illegal and void, and were ulti- mately surrendered by the holders on the basis originally fixed, without loss to the State. In 1865 an additional act was passed requiring the presentation, for payment, of the portion of the original bonds still outstanding, on pain of for- feiture, and this was finally done.

MACK, Alonzo W., legislator, was born at More- town, Vt., in 1822; at 16 years of age settled at Kalamazoo, Mich., later began the study of medi- cine and graduated at Laporte, Ind., in 1844. Then, having removed to Kankakee, Ill., he adopted the practice of law; in 1858 was elected Representative, and, in 1860 and '64, to the Senate, serving through five continuous sessions (1858-68). In 1862 he assisted in organizing the Seventy-sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, of which he was commissioned Colonel, but resigned, in January following, to take his seat in the Senate. Colonel Mack, who was a zealous friend of Governor Yates, was one of the leading spirits in the establishment of "The Chicago Repub- lican," in May, 1865, and was its business mana- ger the first year of its publication, but disagreeing with the editor, Charles A. Dana, both finally retired. Colonel Mack then resumed the practice of law in Chicago, dying there, Jan. 4, 1871.

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Historical encyclopedia of Illinois, Part 69

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn; Selby, Paul, 1825-1913; Gale, W. Shelden Publication date: 1899 Publisher: Chicago : Munsell Pub. Co. Number of Pages: 1388

Author: Bateman, Newton, 1822-1897. cn; Selby, Paul, 1825-1913; Gale, W. Shelden
Publication date: 1899
Publisher: Chicago : Munsell Pub. Co.
Number of Pages: 1388