USA > Illinois > Cook County > Chicago > Historical review of Chicago and Cook county and selected biography, Volume I > Part 31
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The officers: J. S. Mitchell, president; Chas. Adams, secretary and treasurer; Albert G. Beebe, business manager. The college had its private hospital advantages and its corps of clinical professors in connection with Cook County Hospital. With the necessary changes
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in the faculty incident to the deaths and removals, it continued its annual sessions with gratifying success for thirty-three years, when. in 1904, by mutual agreement, it was merged with Hahnemann Col- lege, in which a portion of its faculty is represented.
BENNETT COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. Bennett College of Eclectic Medicine was founded by a special act of the state legisla- ture in 1868. It was thus named in honor of J. Hugh Bennett, of Edinburgh, Scotland. His views as to use of the lancet and especially his objection to the use of mercurial preparations in the treatment of diseases were so fully in accord with the Eclectic physicians in this country that when an Eclectic college was to be established in Chicago, it seemed to its projectors most fittingly appropriate to give it the name of this distinguished teacher. Its first location was on the cor- ner of Kinzie and North LaSalle streets. The corporate members were Drs. L. S. Major, W. D. Achinson, H. C. French, H. D. Garri- son, William M. Dale, H. J. Whitford, A. L. Clark, John Foreman, W. M. Teegarden, R. A. Gunn, A. L. Brower and J. F. Cook. Dr. L. S. Major was elected president and held that office for four years, when, in 1872, he was succeeded by Dr. A. L. Clark, who has been president of the institution for thirty-five years. The first course of lectures commenced November 1, 1868. There were thirty students registered, and at the close of the term there were ten graduates. A more eligible location was secured and the second course was given in rooms specially fitted up at 180 Washington street, where they were destroyed by fire in 1871. A building was purchased at 461 South Clark street. After three years this property was disposed of and a college building and hospital, well suited to its needs, was erected at 511-513 State street. Business began so to encroach upon this location that in 1889 it was deemed expedient to dispose of this property also and seek a location in proximity to some of the large hospitals, where better clinical instruction could be secured. A lot was purchased and the present spacious building was erected on the corner of Ada and Fulton streets. It has all the appointments need- ful to meet the requirements of a modern college and its classes of students well sustained the institution. It ranks as the leading Eclec- tic school in this country. Its courses of study have been enlarged and the length of the college extended. In 1879 the length of the course was extended to six calendar months, and in 1898 it was again
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extended to eight months. Ladies are admitted on equal footing with gentlemen, many of whom have made especially good records. The college faculty, which, at the first, numbered only seven members, now numbers over thirty. It has on its ground a fine hospital in which, in addition to the general hospital, special advantages are se- cured for clinical instruction. Its college faculty includes thirty-seven professors and twelve associates and instructors.
Post-Graduate Medical Schools and Hospitals.
The time had come when large numbers of medical men were desirous of leaving their fields of practice for a little time and, while enjoying temporary respite, availing themselves of a thorough re- view of the branches of medicine and surgery in which they were specially interested. For several years the colleges had attempted to meet their wants by instituting short special courses at the close of the regular sessions. While these were, in a measure, satisfactory, it was evident to both instructors and physicians that they did not meet the requirements. More and more it was apparent that col- leges and hospitals adapted to the needs of graduated physicians must be developed and conducted. The result has been the organiza- tion of two such schools in Chicago, each of which has achieved emi- nent success.
THE CHICAGO POLYCLINIC SCHOOL AND HOSPITAL was at first lo- cated in a rented building on the corner of Chicago and LaSalle ave- nues. It began its first course of lectures in July, 1886. To name its professors is to indicate the ability of its faculty. Dr. Truman Miller, its president, was professor of general urinary surgery. Its active surgeons were Drs. Nicholas Senn, Christian Fenger and Malcolm T. Harris. Active physicians, Dr. John H. Chew, treasurer, and Dr. Joseph T. Patton; gynecologists, Dr. Fernand Henrotin, secre- tary; orthopedic surgery, Dr. A. E. Hoadley ; obstetrics, Dr. Henry Hooper; diseases of skin and venereal diseases, Dr. R. D. McArthur ; dermatology, Dr. Henry G. Anthony; neurology, Dr. Archibald Church. To this faculty numerous additions were soon made. Three years had hardly elapsed until, in 1889, the school and hospital had so outgrown their quarters as to compel removal. The strength to which the institution had attained is evident from the fact that it was able to enter a building of its own, situated at 174-176 Chicago
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avenue, at a cost of $70,000. Still later it has been greatly enlarged and its facilities perfected at a total cost of $100,000. The numbers in attendance and the satisfaction expressed by physicians emphasize the fact that post-graduate schools and hospitals have been developed to meet an imperative need. The Chicago Polyclinic is complete in its appointments. Its schools, its hospital, its chemical, biological. physiological and pathological laboratories, with its anatomical de- partment and its clinical advantages offer exceptional facilities for general review and for original research.
THE POST-GRADUATE MEDICAL SCHOOL AND HOSPITAL OF CILI- CAGO. In 1889 a portion of the faculty of the Polyclinic School, hav- ing resigned from that institution, united with others in forming a second school known as the Post-Graduate Medical School and IIos- pital of Chicago. It first occupied rooms fitted for the purpose on Washington street, where the annex of Marshall Field and Com- pany's store now stands. Here a number of beds were installed where clinical lectures were given. In 1890, leaving this business center, a fine building was erected in Plymouth place. Business encroaching here also, a location was secured adjoining the City Hospital, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons. The latter, desiring the building for clinical purposes, purchased it and the Post-Graduate School proceeded immediately to erect a fine five-story hospital build- ing at 2400 Dearborn street, where clinical instruction could be af- forded not only in its own ward but in the Charity Hospital and Wesley Hospital, each in close proximity. Its appointments embraced the latest improvements and its private rooms suited to the needs of patients most fastidious are at command when vacancies occur. Full courses in all the specialties in medicine and surgery are given, and physicians from all parts of the Union are found in its classes. Its active staff on duty is composed as follows: Present board of trustees, W. Franklin Coleman, president ; Arthur R. Elliott, vice president ; Franklin H. Martin, secretary; W. L. Baum, treasurer, and Frederick A. Beasley. The faculty is constituted as follows :
Medicine-Arthur R. Elliott, M. M. Porter, George F. Butler, A. A. Goldsmith and H. H. Goodwin.
Surgery-F. A. Beasley, J. T. Sullivan, .A. E. Halsted, W. R. Cubbins, A. B. Kanavel and H. M. Richter.
Pathology and Bacteriology-E. Robert Zeit.
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Orthopedic Surgery-Robert Hardon.
Gynecology-Franklin H. Martin, M. L. Ries, Albert Goldspohn and A. McDermid.
Diseases of the Rectum-Stuart Johnstone.
Stomach and Intestines-Fenton B. Turck, Milton H. Mack and G. F. Pierce.
Eye-W. Franklin Coleman, George F. Suker, C. W. Hawley, R. S. Patillo.
Ear, Nose and Throat-Otto J. Stein, James T. Campbell, G. P. Head, George P. Marquis.
Nervous Diseases-Julius Grinker.
Obstetrics-C. E. Paddock.
Diseases of Children-J. T. Cook, T. G. Allen and Joseph Bren neman.
Skin and Venereal Diseases-William L. Baum.
Anatomy-William R. Cubbin.
Electro-Physics-Charles A. Neiswanger.
An able corps of lecturers is associated with each department.
Hospitals.
We are not to infer from the fact that Chicago has eighty-fiv. accredited hospitals that it is not the healthiest city of its size in the world. It is rather to its credit that it makes such abundant provi sion for the care of its sick. A large number are private hospitals, well furnished and in which the best of treatment is at command, and where every possible comfort is assured. Our limits permit only brief reference to a few of the older public hospitals which, in part at least, are dependent upon the benevolent contributions of a gen- erous public.
MERCY HOSPITAL. Mercy Hospital deservedly stands first in the list of those which our limits permit us to mention. It merits priority as to the date of its organization and also by reason of the successful manner in which it has been developed from feeble begin- nings to its present magnificent proportion. The first movement for the organization of a public hospital in Chicago originated with Dr. Evans, then a professor in Rush Medical College. In connection with some of his associates he procured a charter granting the power tc organize a board of trustees and create a public hospital to be named
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the Illinois General Hospital of the Lakes. The trustees named in the act of incorporation were John Evans, Mark Skinner and Hugh Dickey. The matter remained dormant two years, when a movement was successfully made in 1850 for its development. Dr. Nathan S. Davis, now transferred to the chair of principles and practice of medi- cine in Rush Medical College, gave a series of lectures, the pro- ceeds of which were to be devoted to this purpose. A number of small donations from private individuals was added to this sum, and furnished the means for beginning a hospital in a small way. The glory of the old "Lake House" had long since departed, and a por- tion of it was leased for hospital purposes, and in the fall of 1850, equipped with twelve beds and a medical staff consisting of Drs. Brainard as surgeon and N. S. Davis as physician, the first public hospital in Chicago was opened for the reception of patients. The citizens of Chicago having failed to meet the expenses necessary for its permanent support during the following year, its control was transferred to the Sisters of Mercy, and in 1852 its name was changed to Mercy Hospital. Its accommodations were immediately enlarged, and by agreement at the time of transfer, facilities for clinical in- struction were secured to the college, in return for which free medi- cal and surgical attendance by members of the faculty were secured to the hospital. After three years of successful experiment, the Sis- ters of Mercy transferred the hospital to premises under their con- trol situated on Wabash avenue, near Van Buren street. Here it remained for about ten years, when a further enlargement of its quarters became necessary. It had now acquired a valuable property, securing the south half of the block bounded by Prairie, Calumet, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth streets. For a number of years a portion of this ground was leased to the Chicago Medical College. Upon the expiration of that lease it covered nearly the whole of its ground with its present extensive buildings, in which it provides three hundred beds.
COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL. When the sanitary condition of the city passed under the control of the county commissioners it became neces- sary to provide hospital care for those who were a public charge, and especially those suffering from contagious diseases. Until the year 1849, this work had been but imperfectly accomplished. During that year a severe epidemic of cholera prevailed and another followed
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in 1854. It was evident that provision for a permanent public hos- pital could no longer be delayed, and to further its construction, the sum of $80,000 was appropriated by the city, and the first county hospital was erected at the corner of Arnold and Eighteenth streets. For some time after the disappearance of the cholera scourge it ceased to be occupied by patients and was finally utilized by the United States government as an eye and ear infirmary for the treat- ment of the United States soldiers. In 1866, Dr. George K. Ammer- man, then a member of the board of supervisors, seconded by the aid of his successor, Dr. J. P. Ross, induced the board to assume the control of the building as a county institution, in which the sick who were the legitimate charge of the county should be cared for, and it became the Cook County Hospital. It was duly organized as the County Hospital in 1866, and the following is the list of the first medical and surgical staff :
Attending surgeons, Dr. George K. Ammerman, Dr. R. G. Bogue, and Dr. Charles Gilman Smith; consulting surgeons, Dr. Joseph W. Freer and Dr. William Wagner; attending physi- cians, Dr. Thomas Bevan, Dr. Joseph Ross and Dr. H. W. Jones; consulting physicians, Dr. Hosmer A. Johnson and Dr. R. T. Hamill; eye and ear surgeon, Dr. Joseph S. Hildreth; pathologist, Dr. Henry M. Lyman.
When the building of the Rush Medical College was destroyed by fire, the lectures for four successive years were given in the ampi- theater of the hospital and in temporary structures on the same grounds. In 1874, the county commissioners determined upon a permanent location for a hospital commensurate with the need of the rapidly growing city. It purchased the entire block bounded by Harrison, Polk, Lincoln and Wood streets, at a cost of $145,000, and upon this location they have built the present magnificent struc- tures; the first two pavilions were constructed in 1875. In 1875 these were connected by a corridor and surgical ampitheater. In 1882 the institution was greatly enlarged by the addition of two more pavilions and an administration building. The cost of construction at this date (1907) exceeds one million dollars.
AUGUSTANA HOSPITAL. The Augustana Hospital was incorporated by the Swedish Lutheran church in 1882. It has always been located on Cleveland and Lincoln avenues. Until 1893 it occupied a wooden
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house containing eighteen beds. At this time the south half of the present structure was completed, providing accommodations for one hundred and twenty-five patients. This capacity was again increased in 1904, to two hundred and twenty beds, which are constantly full. The hospital consists of a thoroughly modern, absolutely fireproof structure, built entirely of stone, brick, steel and tile. The building is six stories in height, so placed that every room and ward is exposed to the sunlight during some portion of the day. The first floor contains the office, waiting room, exam- ining room, a large laboratory and a library, as well as the rooms for the matron and the resident staff. The second and third stories contain wards for one hundred and sixty beds, and the fourth and fifth stories contain fifty private rooms. The top story is divided into three departments ; first, operating and dressing rooms ; second, obstet- rical department ; third, kitchen and dining room. The medical staff is organized on the German University Hospital plan, with one chief at the head of each department. The following physicians and surgeons comprise the staff :
John Bartlett, M. D., consulting physician; Richard Dewey, A. M., M. D., consulting neurologist; Albert J. Ochsner, B. S., F. R. M. S., M. D., chief of staff, surgeon in chief; Henry B. Favill, A. B., M. D., department of internal medicine ; James Nevin Hyde, A. M., M. D., dermatologist; Oscar Dodd, M. D., opthalmologist and Otologist ; Rudolph W. Holmes, M. D., obstetrician; Thor. Roth- stein, A. B., M. D., neurologist; Alfred Hakanson, M. D., rhinolo- gist and laryngologist ; Edward H. Ochsner. B. S., M. D., attending surgeon; AAnders Frick, M. D., attending physician; Charles E. Blom- gren, M. D., junior attending physician ; Emanuel O. Benson, A. B., M. D., children's diseases; Cornelius Larson Lenard, B. S., M. D., junior attending surgeon: Carl W. Johnson, M. D., advisory sur- geon ; Joseph E. Rehnstrom, M. D., department of dentistry.
WESLEY HOSPITAL. The project of a Chicago Methodist hospital had previously been discussed, but to Drs. I. N. Danforth and M. P. Hatfield belong the credit of its existence. In the fall of 1888, in connection with a few of his personal friends, Dr. Danforth issued a call for a meeting of representative Methodists to consider the project. The meeting was held in the Sherman House on the Vol. I-21.
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evening of September 8th, and a committee appointed to procure a charter and select trustees.
On September 29, 1888, the legal organization of Welsey Hos- pital was completed, its first board of trustees elected and sufficient money pledged to begin hospital work in four rooms generously tendered by the Methodist Deaconesses Training School then located on Ohio and Dearborn streets. The first patient received in Wesley Hospital was on Thanksgiving Day, 1888. Its first staff was com- posed of Drs. I. N. Danforth, Charles W. Earle and M. P. Hatfield; its earliest superintendent Rev. J. S. Meyer, and its nursing was at first exclusively in the hands of the Methodist deaconesses.
As its work soon outgrew the possibilities of the deaconesses' rooms, a three-story building (335 E. Ohio street) was leased and shortly after an adjoining house was found necessary to accommo- date the rapidly increasing number of patients.
In less than two years the two buildings became inadequate, and in April, 1890, Mr. William Deering presented the hospital with its present location, Twenty-fifth and Dearborn streets. A temporary. brick, at a cost of $8,000, was erected thereon, and nurses and pa- tients moved to the south side early in 1891.
Under the efficient management of Supt. J. S. Harvey, Wesley Hospital outgrew its quarters, and R. D. Sheppard, William Deering, N. W. Harris, G. T. Swift and J. B. Hobbs undertook the task of providing a hospital building commensurate with the needs of Methodism and the Northwestern University Medical School.
The result is the present magnificent fireproof structure of brick and steel, erected at a cost of $300,000, caring comfortably for two hundred patients. The hospital is at present under the control of the Northwestern University and appointments to the staff are lim- ited to members of the faculty of the Northwestern University Medical School.
ILLINOIS CHARITABLE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY. This prominent state institution was developed from small beginnings. With the first six years it was conducted as a public dispensary, and was located on North Clark street, with Dr. E. L. Holmes as attending surgeon. He was the first physician in the city as a specialist to devote himself solely to the treatment of the eye and ear. The first board of trustees of the dispensary was composed of the following prominent
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citizens: Dr. Charles Volney Dyar, Luther Haven, Samuel Stone, Wm. H. Brown, Rev. Wmn. Barry, Philo Carpenter, J. H. Kedzie, E. B. McCagg, Flavel Moseley, Rev. N. L. Rice and Mark Skinner. Dr. Holmes was appointed active surgeon and Drs. Daniel Brainard and Joseph W. Freer were consultants. When, during the Civil war, provision needed to be made for the treatment of disabled soldiers, the sanitary commission came to the relief of the dispensary and in a building the use of which was donated by Mr. Walter Newberry, increased facilities were secured for the treatment of both citizens and soldiers. Othe states made provision for their soldiers which were lodged here for special treatment. For defraying the expenses of our own troops here under treatment, the state voted an annual appropriation of $5,000. In the fire of 1871 the building was en- tirely destroyed. As a result the state took the institution in hand, purchased a lot on the corner of Peoria and West Adams and erected a fine commodious building at a cost of $80,000. To the incessant labors of Dr. Holmes the city and the state are indebted for this valuable institution. As associates upon the staff from time to time, the names of a number of prominent oculists and aurists appear, such as those of Dr. F. C. Holtz, E. J. Gardiner, Lyman Ware, W. T. Montgomery, Borne Bettman, C. H. Barnes, S. S. Bishop and Ira E. Marshall.
ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL. This hospital has a history of small beginnings, heroic struggles and ultimate success. It owes its incep- tion to an appeal by Rev. Dr. Clinton Locke of Grace Episcopal church in 1864, which met with hearty response from a noble band of lady parishioners, who had just terminated their labors in caring for the Confederate soldiers by reason of the closing of Camp Douglas. At a meeting convened in the home of Mrs. B. F. Haddock, the formal organization was effected, and the following officers were elected : Rev. Clinton Locke, president ; Mrs. W. Frank- lin and Mrs. Henry W. Hinsdale, vice presidents; Mrs. B. F. Had- dock, treasurer, and Mrs. Aaron Hayden, secretary. At first a small wooden house on State street was rented and seven beds were in- stalled. By special effort the sum of $1,500 for its furnishings and supplies was secured. A year had not yet elapsed when a better build- ing was obtained and eighteen beds were furnished. The charter first obtained in 1864 not being sufficiently ample, a new one was secured in
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1894, and to it was given the name of St. Luke's Free Hospital, at which time it contained one hundred and ten patients, of whom sixty- three occupied free beds. In its later history the hospital has been exceedingly fortunate in securing subscriptions from a large number of wealthy men and women, and has been the recipient of a number of liberal bequests. Fifty-one beds have been permanently endowed by as many contributors, at an average cost of $5,500 per bed. In addition to its first location, corner of Indiana and Fourteenth street, it has secured a most desirable frontage on Michigan avenue. The bequest of Mrs. Stickney gave a splendid building for the nurses, of whom eighty-one are on duty and in process of training "The George Smith Memorial," in memory of Mr. George Smith, Chicago's first great banker, is a princely contribution of half a million dollars, and was contributed by his near relative, Mr. James Henry Smith. With this fund in hand, the trustees are now erecting a befitting memorial building fronting on Michigan avenue, which is designed for paying patients, exclusively, the revenue from which is to be applied exclusively for the current expenses of the general hospital, thus serving as far as it may for a perpetual endowment. The present active staff is as follows :
Attending surgeons, Drs. John E. Owens, Lewis L. McArthur, W. H. Allport, E. A. Halsted; attending physicians, Drs. Frank Billings, Henry B. Favill, Francis X. Walls, Robert B. Preble; at- tending gynecologists, Drs. E. C. Dudley, T. J. Watkins, L. E. Frankenthal, William Cuthbertson; attending obstetricians, Drs. Frank Carey and J. C. Hoag; opthalmologists and otologists, Drs. Frank Allport, Casey Wood, Thor. A. Woodruff and Paul Guilford; orthopedic surgeons, Frederic Medler, John L. Porter; neurologists, Drs. Archibald Church, Sanger Brown; laryngologists, Drs. W. E. Casselberry, T. Melville Hardy, Norvil Pierce ; attending pathologist, T. L. Dagg.
CHICAGO BAPTIST HOSPITAL. It was first organized in 1891, and occupied a frame building on North Halsted street, with only twenty- five beds, but soon gained more ample accommodations at the corner of Racine and Center avenues, and at that time was under Homeop- athic administration. In 1896 the management was fortunate in securing the extensive buildings on the corner of Rhodes avenue and Thirty-fourth street, originally built for the Baptist Theological
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Seminary. It was completely remodeled, its dormitories being trans- formed into private rooms and the whole building made complete in all its appointments, and contains one hundred beds. It is man- aged by a board of twenty-one directors, selected from all the Baptist churches in Chicago. The medical staff is appointed by this board. One of the special features of this hospital is its fine training school for nurses. Practitioners of every school of medicine recognized by law can treat their patients here. With reference to the admis- sion of patients no sectarian lines are drawn. The hospital is in a prosperous condition, and free beds are accorded to the full limits which its finances will permit.
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