USA > Illinois > White County > History of White County Illinois > Part 33
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In 1866 this farm was sold, and other land was purchased, abont two miles west of Carmi. This comprised 120 acres, and upon it a log structure was built sufficient for the accommodation of twenty- five or thirty paupers, and since that time probably an average of eighteen have been cared for at the public expense. Besides hese unfortunates, of course a number of others scattered through- out the county, and not in a condition to be removed to the poor-
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house, have had appropriations from the public treasury from time to time. Sometimes, especially in extremely cold weather, as great a number as thirty or forty have been admitted at the poor-house. The great "tramp " raid of 1873-'9 of course struck White County, and every resident was tested as to his principles or disposition toward those unprincipled wretches known by that modern name. Many dwellings were visited by several beggars each day, claiming to have been discharged from some factory, mill, or other establish - ment, or to have been burned out, drowned out, or driven out by strikes, caught sick far away from home, etc. So many stout- looking engaged in this style of itinerant beggary as to overdo the business; and the resident citizens became so exasperated as to change their policy, turn a " cold shoulder " to them, and thus starved out the suspicious fraternity. It was thought that they had secret meetings and communications, sufficient at least to indicate the places where one had been treated hospitably, for example, by a ring marked on the gate-post or fence in front of the house with red chalk or " keel," etc.
The present superintendent in charge of the poor-farm is Robert J. Thomas, who receives as compensation 18 cents per day for each pauper cared for by him, for clothing, food, etc. Medical attend- ance is provided by the county separately. Formerly the allowance was 11 and 12 cents a day.
In conclusion we may say that although the present poor-house is not very large or showy, it is sufficient under the careful manage- ment of the present Board of Supervisors, for the accommodation of all who should be sent to it, except on a few extreme occasions.
MARRIAGES.
As itis a matter of interest to know who were the first parties married in the county, we copy from the records all the licenses issued from the beginning, in 1816, to the close of 1818, and then give a table of the number of licenses issued, year by year, from the first to date.
1816 .- April 8, John Stom, Patsey Poole; June 11, Caleb Dick- erson, Rachel Morgan; July 10. James Taylor, Nancy Lune; Aug. 12, Michael Dickerson, Nancy Veach; Aug. 13, Benjamin Carmon, Nancy Carmon; Aug. 16, Alexander Roberts, Sallie Hedgewood; Aug. 26, John Stone, Anna Mayberry; Aug. 28, William Brown, Susannah Hobbs; Sept. 18, James Trousdale, Polley Pearce; Sept. 27, Jacob Slankard, Nancy Hauks; Oct. 3, William Whetford,
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Polley Davidson; Nov. 4, Carter Smith, Ruth Dagley; Nov. 17, Asa Ross, Ann Lee.
1817 .- Jan. 1, John Mitchell, Polley Tyner; Jan. 11, Robert Watson, Delila Stone; Jan. 20, Lewis Dickerson, Elizabeth Dodge; Mar. 29, Samuel Lunsford, Polly Ritchey; April 3, David Shelby, Orpha Carlock; April 16, Archibald Brown, Rachel Starkey; April 19, Edward Owin, Leffy Lunsford; June 5, Ahvia Jones, Dovey Un #: ; June 16, Daniel Brown, Patsey Graves; June 30, Thomas Tanner, Polly Martin; July 21, John Dunn, Mary Holland; Aug. 4, Richard Maulding, Elizabeth Griffith; Aug. 5. James Martin, Tamer Holeman; Aug. 15, Barney Chambers, Pat- sey Robinson; Sept. 10, Edward Covington, Betsey Davis; Sept. 23, James Dunlap, Peggy Roach; Sept. 24, Aaron Williams, Polly Hannah; Oct. 14, Barney Chambers, Nancy Jacobs; Dec. 15, Dan- iel Boultinghouse, Salley Brown; Dec. 31, Isaac Duggers, Amy Hawkins.
1818 .- Jan. 10, John Baker, Polly McAllester; Jan. 14, Will- iam Daniel, Patsey Morris; Jan. 15, Mathew Moss, Jane Lyon; Feb. 22, Hosea Pearce, Nancy O'Neil; March 1, John Holland, Lucy Dungey; March 7, John Daniels, Polly Morris; March 9, William Stanley, Rachel Charles; March 14, Stephen Parker, Pat ey Hogg; April 2, William Jorden, Polley Jones; Wa »ce Rowan, Betsey Madcalf; April 17, Robert Holderley, - Cato; April 23, Seth Hargrave, Polly Pumroy; March 29, John D. Cal- vert, Elizabeth Farmer; April 6, Elijah Randolph, Rebecca Elliott; April 8, Zachariah Cook, Lyddia Watson; April 17, Alfred Hall, Jane Robinson; April 21, Michael Row, Barbra Newman; April 22. William Hobbs, Milley McDanniel; April 30, Charles Williams, Polly Green; May 26, James H. Simpson, Susan Farr; June 1, Samuel Barker, Rachel Cook; June 16, James Stanley, Gelley IIar- ris; June 29, Sanford Violet, Betsey Madcalf; July 18, Samuel Miller, Polly Madcalf; Ang. 1, Edward Collier; Jane Thread. Aug. 3,' Samuel D. Hefton, Elizabeth Davidson; Ang. 11, Daniel Ellidge, Elizabeth Jameson; Aug. 13, Isaac Martin, Lydia Line; Sept. 2, John Allen, Catherine Clark; Sept. 8, John Eastis, Dicy M. Jorden ; Oct. 27, Eli Waller, Polly Standifer; Oct. 27, James Johnston, Susannah Honn; Oct. 27, Edmond Jackson, Edy Anderson; Oct. 28, Robert R. Smith, Eliza Conner; Oct. 28, Michael Dickerson, Jane Rutledge; Nov. 10, John R. Smith, Polly Myers; Nov. 10, John Cook, Hannah Debard; Nov. 16, James E. Throckmorten, Sally F. Spilman; Nov. 24, William Council, Polly
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Graves; Dec. 23, Esquire Stovall, Elizabeth Lannan; Dec. 28, Will- iam Nash, Peggy James.
NO. OF MARRIAGE8.
1816.
1839
90
1862.
118
1817.
20
1840
86
1863.
125
1818.
42 1841.
78
1864.
181
1819.
42
1842
92
1865.
183
1820.
79
1848
100
1866 237
1821.
37
1844.
88
1867.
192
1822.
34
1845.
83
1868.
186
1829.
34
1846
96
1869.
209
1824.
48 1847.
95
1870.
198
1825
65
1848
117
1871.
.248
1826
52
1849
129
1872.
252
1827
63
1850.
115
1873.
227
1828.
54
1851
118
1874.
133
1829
62
1852.
75
1875.
281
1830
79
1853.
136
1876.
196
1891.
60
1854.
135
1877.
250
1882
61
1855
144
1878.
.807
1883.
76
1856.
. 133
1879.
285
1834.
66
1857
.170
1835
63
1858.
150
1881.
252
1836
65
1859.
113
1882 to Sept. 28.
170
1887
97
1860
138
1838.
88 1861.
168
THE FIRST WILL.
The following is a copy of the first will recorded in White County, ante-dating the admission of Illinois as a State into the Union by two years.
"In the name of God, Amen, I, Needham Stanley, of Illinois Territory, White County, farmer, being very sick and weak in body, but of perfect mind and memory, thanks be given unto God, calling into mind the mortality of my body, and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die, do make and ordain this, my last will and testament.
" And first of all, I give and recommend my body to the earth, etc., and my soul I recommend to the hand of God, etc., and as touching such worldly estate wherewith it has pleased God to bless me in this life, I give, devise and dispose of the same in the fol- lowing manner and form:
"Item 1st. I give and bequeath to my beloved son, William Stanley, one chestnut, sorrel mare, two cows and calves, one rifle- gun, two sows and fourteen shoats, and a pen of corn, at Lucase's Prairie, receiving for my estate $20.00 thereof.
"Item 2d. I also give and bequeath to my beloved wife, Mary Stanley, one bay mare, one feather-bed and furniture, one cow, one yearling and two calves.
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282
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HISTORY OF WHITE COUNTY.
"Item 3d. I give and bequeath to my beloved daughter, Ma- tilda Stanley, one feather-bed and some furniture, one heifer year- ing, three plates.
"Item 4th. I give and bequeath to my two daughters, Mary and Hica Stanley, one feather-bed and some furniture, one cow, and her increase to be equally divided between them.
"Item 5th. I desire and bequeath and will that the quarter section of land whereon I now live, be entered immediately after my decease, with the money I now have, in the name of, and for my son, Mark Stanley, and that my beloved wife and my said son Mark may use and occupy the improvement thereon for the main- tenance and support of my family during the widowhood of my said wife.
"Item 6th. I further desire and will to my son, Mark Stanley, three head of horses, four head of cattle, and thirteen head of sheep, and all my stock of hogs, and all my farming utensils, and one saddle.
"Item 7th. I desire and bequeath to my said wife, one saddle, one loom, and all my household and kitchen furniture not hereto. fore bequeathed.
"I do hereby revoke and disannul all and every other wills or bequeaths by me in any wise before named, ratifying and confirm- ing this and no other to be my last will and testament, in witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal the fifteenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
Signed, sealed and acknowledged - in the presence of Isaac Stanley, - NEEDHAM STANLEY. [SEAL.] Stephen Stanley.
"N. B. I do hereby nominate, constitute and appoint Stephen Stanley and Mary Stanley executors to this my last will and testa- ment."
A codicil follows the above document, signed by Stephen Stan- ley and Daniel Boultinghouse, and also an affidavit, signed by James Ratclift.
Following the above are wills made by Joseph Calvert, James Hobbs, Rachel Dickerson, John Nowlin, Robert Bruce, Simon Newman, John Hanna, Lock Phipps, Elizabeth Stephens, etc., the latter closing with the year 1822.
MAP OF WHITE COUNTY.
A correct and satisfactory wall map of White County was pub- lished in 1871, by J. B. Westbrook, Civil Engineer and Map Pub-
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HISTORY OF WHITE COUNTY.
lisher. Its size is about three and a half feet by four and a half, and it gives the "voting precincts " of the county, as they existed before the present township system was adopted. These precincts are described in Chapter V .- " Organic." Its price was $8.
POSTOFFICES.
Below is a list of all the postoffices in White County, by town- ships, and other named points are indicated, where there are no postoffices :
Burnt Prairie .- Burnt Prairie (at Liberty), School (at Center- ville).
Carmi .- Carmi, Trumbull, Stokes Station.
Emma .- Emma (at Concord), Marshall's Ferry (at Wabash Sta- tion). Other points-Elm Grove and Rising Sun (or "Dogtown").
Enfield .- Enfield. Other point, Parkhurstville.
Gray .-- Grayville.
Hawthorne .- Hawthorn. Other point, Brownsport.
Indian Creek .- Norris City, Roland, Gossett, Middle Point, Sacramento. Other point, Shadsville.
Mill Shoals .- Mill Shoals, Springerton (or Springerville), Fra- ser's.
Phillips .- Crossville, Phillipstown, Calvin. Other point, Har- per.
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TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. CARMI, TOWNSHIP AND CITY.
CARMI TOWNSHIP.
The township of Carmi, being almost wholly absorbed in the history of Carmi as a village, town and city, has but little left to be said here. Nearly all the earliest residents of this township have been so identified with the town of Carmi that their names ap- pear either under that head or in the more general chapters of White County's history, as "Early Settlements " of the county, "Legal," "Political," "Eminent Dead," etc. Their names are too numerous to repeat in this place.
Among the oldest living residents of Carmi Township, as it now exists, is Ninian W. Young, who came to this county in 1822, at the age of thirteen years. IIe was brought here by his parents from Butler County, Ky., who settled near Liberty, in Burnt Prai- rie Township. Two years and a half afterward they moved to the place still occupied by the subject of this paragraph, just west of the fair-ground. Mr. Young was in the Black Hawk war, in Captain Haynes's company, and was present at the capture of the old Indian chief himself. April 12, 1833, Mr. Young married Martha Ward, a native of Virginia, who died about 1854, leaving the following children: Ellen, who married James Hardin and is now living near the old homestead west of Carmi; Thomas, who died about 1865; Lucinda, who died about 1874. Mr. Young afterward mar- ried Mrs. Alpha Newman, a native of Kentucky, and their chil- dren are Frank, Leora and Sherman. By her former husband Mis. Young has one son living, Monroe, on the old homestead.
Mr. Young is a living monument of the very ancient past of White County, and is therefore one of those who have passed through all the experiences of pioneering. He is one of the tallest men in the county, being six feet and one inch in height. His reminiscences of early life are substantially the same as those re- lated in the chapter on " Pioneer Life" (Chap. III.) in this work. He has killed manv a deer, wild turkey, etc. One time, between Carmi and Burnt Prairie, he chased a bear to an occupied house,
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into which he was about to break, when Mr. Young hastened up and knocked him down with a piece of fence rail and killed him, thus preventing him from entering the dwelling.
To Mr. Young are we indebted for many items given in Chapter I. of this work, under the head of " Zoology." Among the curiosities not elsewhere noticed in this work were a link and spike discov- ered by Mr. Y., in 1832, high up in a tree, which had been grown over for many years. They were evidently placed there by In- dians in order to secure some article in a place of safety.
Dempsey Brashier was one of the earliest settlers of the present Carmi Township, whose name may not appear elsewhere in this volume. Descendants of his are still residents here.
Carmi Precinct, as an election district and jurisdiction of the jus- tice of the peace and constable, existed for many years, up to 1872, with the following boundaries: On the north by Burnt Prairie Precinct, which lay altogether north of the Skillet Fork; on the east by Fox River and Prairie precincts; on the south by Herald's Prairie Precinct, which lay altogether south of Lick Creek; and on the west by Enfield. The town of Carmi was almost at the cen- ter of its precinct. On the adoption of township organization in 1872, Carmi Township was made coincident with Congressional township 5 sonth, 9 east, and is thus but half the size of the former Carmi Precinct, and the city of Carmi touches the east line.
The land of Carmi Township, in respect to its topographical and agricultural character, is about the average of what White County is west of the Little Wabash. No stream of water of any impor- tance runs through it; the land at the central and southern portions is generally flat, while the western, northern and eastern portions are broken respectively by Seven-Mile Creek, the tributaries of Skillet Fork, and the Little Wabash. Seven-Mile Prairie touches the west side, and excepting this the township was originally very heavily timbered. No barrens and no sandy places were ever within the present bounds of Carmi Township.
IMPORTANCE OF FARM DRAINAGE.
Modern drainage of farms, by tilling and otherwise, has proved so beneficial that many farmers till even gravelly hills, averring that it pays. How much more important is it then to put such drains through low and flat lands! Nearly all the swamp lands which are now considered useless could in a few years, and will
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CARMI TOWNSHIP.
ultimately, be made the best productive land in the country. This system alone will add millions annually to the wealth of White County.
Among the first systematically surveyed and excavated ditches ever made in White County for the sake of farm improvement, was surveyed and excavated in November, 1882, just as this book goes to press. It is on the Storms' estate between one and two miles south of Carmi, and extends from north to south across sec- tion 25, one-fourth of a mile west of its east line. The work is the enterprise of Mr. Sidney M. Rogers, the proprietor in trust, who employed ex-County Surveyor John Mills to lay out the ditch and draft the work on paper. This draft is on a scale of 100 feet to the inch, and shows the line of the bottom of the ditch to reach from 7.8 inches above the surface of the ground to 10.6 feet below-the latter being a high point near the river. The fall is one inch per 100 feet, and the southern terminus, or mouth, is at the river. A stake is set for the workmen every 100 feet, with the depth of excavation indicated on each. This ditch will not only drain a large portion of the farm, but also carry off that immense amount of water which collects on the bottom lands above, between the high ground next the river and the higher general level. It will also render practicable a good road-way near it, and, when the river is bridged on this line, a good road will be made through to points south much more direct than any now existing. To the first school-house south of the river here, for instance, the road will be only three miles, where now it is seven.
This ditch promises to be of so great public benefit that the Highway Commissioners, Messrs. James Renshaw and Lewis Reap. indorse it and render public assistance.
MINERAL SPRINGS.
There are several mineral springs within the bounds of Carmi Township. At two places have buildings been erected for the accommodation of visitors and invalids, namely, the "Logan Springs," now owned by Elias Robinson, and located abont four miles southwest of Carmi, and the " Hill Springs," a half mile for- ther from Carmi, owned by Edward Hill.
Mineral springs abound along the banks of the Little Wabash. One man avers that he was cured of an inveterate disease by drink- ing from a spring on section 25, near the center of the south side of the Storms estate.
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HISTORY OF WHITE COUNTY.
SCHOOLS.
The following, compiled from the county superintendent's re- port, shows the progress of schools in the township since 1860, including the city:
1860 .- Number of scholars, 340; average attendance, 57; number of schools, 6; number of male teachers, 5; female, 1; person in town- ship under twenty-one, 797; average number of months school, 8; number of log school-houses, 4; frame 1; brick, 1; teachers' wages, $12 to $60 a month; average, $36.33 to male teachers, and $21 to female; township fund $600; State fund, $812; tax, $3,- 315.26; whole amount paid teachers, $2,137; total amount received for school purposes, $4,580,88; expended, $4,180.88.
1882 .- Number of males under twenty-one, 1,000; females, 1,041; total, 2,041; number of males over six years of age, 692; females, 707; number of graded schools, 2; ungraded, 7; number between twelve and twenty-one, unable to read and write, 35; total number of months of school, 533; average number of months, 6; number of pupils enrolled, 1,008; number of male teachers, 9; female, 7; total days' attendance of pupils, 89,638; number of brick school-houses, 2; frame, 6; log, 1; number of private schools, 12; number of pupils in private schools, 184; teachers, 10. Highest monthly wages paid to male teachers, $75; female $40; lowest monthly wages paid any male teacher, 822; female, $35; amount earned by male teachers, $2,591.36; female, $2,290 .- 07; amount of district tax levied for the support of schools, $6, 125; estimated value of school property, $22,980; amount of bonded school debt. $9,448; income of township fund received during the year $68.99; received from county superintendent, $1,780,41; compensation of treasurers, $265; amount distributed to districts reported in this county, 81,589.65; total amount received by the township treasurer during the year ending June 30, 1882, $14- 755.92; expenditures during the year, $9,170.72.
TOWNSHIP OFFICERS SINCE 1872.
Supervisors .- Orlando Burrell, 1873; Christian Cook, 1874; F. J. Foster, 1575-'6-'7-'8-'9; Christian Cook, 1880; Jacob Zeigler. 1881; Joseph Pfister, Assistant Supervisor, 1881; Elvis Stinnett, 1882; J. P. Newman, Assistant Supervisor, 1882.
Clerks .- William JI. Phipps, 1873-'4-'5-'6; Richard Spicknall, Jr., 1877; John Boyer, 1878; Nathaniel Holderby, 1879; J. T. R. Bozeman, 1880-'1-' 2.
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CARMI TOWNSHIP.
Assessor8 .-- Samuel R. Jones, 1873; James B. Allen, 1874-'5-'6; James H. Mason. 1877; James T. R. Bozeman, 1878; James B. Allen, 1879; G. R. Little, 1880; Herman F. W. Fisher, 1881; A. L. Bingman, 1882.
Collectors .- George Zeigler, 1873; Jacob Bruder 1874-'5-'6; Wm. H. Phipps, 1877-'8, 1880-'1-'2.
Commissioners of Highways .- Alfred Hadden, 1873; David Youngs, 1874; John Lamp, 1875; Christian Cook and Wm. A. St. John, 1876-'7; B. F. Howell, 1878; James B. Renshaw, 1879; Lewis Reap, 1880; Deitrich Freibergher, 1881; James B. Ren- shaw, 1882.
Justices of the Peace .- James S. Boyd and Calvin Cushman, 1873; James S. Boyd, Richard L. Organ and Michael Anderson, 1877; Richard L. Organ, Thomas G. Parker, George Lamp and Thomas W. Hay, 1881.
Constables .-- Sanford Cochran and Phineas L. Bozeman, 1873; Win. F. Miller, Geo. St. John and Frank Mitchem, 1877; Walter Blount, 1880; Sanford Cochran, Walter Blount, Lucius D. Cush- man and Frederick Williams, 1881.
School Trustees .- Robert F. Stewart, 1873-'5; George S. Staley. 1877; B. B. Graham, 1878; Jacob Lichtenberger, 1879; George S. Staley, 1880; N. D. Brockett, 1881; Jacob Lichtenberger, 1S32.
Overseers of Highways .- District No. 1. - A. J. Brashier, 1874: Chris. Roser, 1875; Joseph Pfister, 1876-'7; Chris. Roser, 1SS0-'1: Chris. Lichtenberger, 1882.
District No. 2 .- George Zeigler, 1874; Win. Zeigler, 1873; Jacob, Burkhard, 1876; Wmn. Zeigler, 1877-'80; Jacob Lichtenberger. 1881; Mike Venters. 1SS2.
District No. 3 .- Abraham Land, 1874; George Hays. 1875: Fieldon Miller, 1876-7; Thomas Newman, 1850-12.
District No. 4 .- William A. Miller, 1874; L. D. Cushman, 1875-'6; James Pryor, 1877-'S; John Lamp. 1881-'2.
District No. 5 .- John S. Cochran, 1874; B. F. Howell. 1873: E. C. Binginan, 1876-'7; John C. Sanders, ISS0; A. L. Bingman. 1881; Sol. Renshaw, 1582.
District No. 6 .- A. J. Sholtz, 1874; Orlando Burrell, 1ST5; A. J. Ratley, 1876; Chris. Barringer, 1877, 1ss0; Jacob Maurer. 1881-'2.
District No. 7 .- Walter Hood, 1874-'7; Theodore Rhine, 1$30: Walter Hood, 18S1; Fielding Miller, 1882.
District No. 8 .- John Gaines, 1874-'5; Charles W. Harvey, 1876-'7, 1880; Wright Hayes, 1SS1-'2.
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HISTORY OF WHITE COUNTY.
District No. 9 .- Milo Smith, 1874; Geo. W. Hughes, 1875; George Logan, 1876-'7; Geo. W. Hughes, 1880-'1; John Colton, 1882.
District No. 10 .- John A. Duncan, 1874-'6; Ira Martin, 1877, 1880-'2.
FINANCIAL.
The amount levied by the Township Board for township par- poses each year since the organization of the township is as follows: 1873, 8300; 1874, 8400; $1875, 8500; 1876, 8300; 1877, 8300; 1878, 8300; 1879, 81,000; 1880, 8700; 1881, 81,200; 1882, $2,300. On the 16th of October, 1878, the township incurred a bonded in- debtedness of $3,000, the proceeds of which were to aid in the con- struction of the iron bridge at Carmi across the Little Wabash River. These bonds were made payable in three years, and due in five years. The large levy of $2,300 for 1882 was made for the purpose of enabling the township to pay $1,000 of this indebted- ness, besides paying its current expenses. This is the only in- debtedness of the township.
CARMI.
Y. LAND'S REMINISCENCES.
My first recollections of Carmi are, that in 1814 or the spring ot 1815 I was at the mill now owned by Mr. Staley, but then by Lowry Hay and Leonard White. It was a small frame building with two run of stones, grinding only corn. It stood about where the present mill is, but a little further into the river. The dam was a sort of frame structure. Mr. Hay lived in a double cabin, on the bank northeast of the mill. Immediately around the mill there were no houses, and none where Carini now is. The town was laid ont the following February, and in the spring James Graham moved to Carmi and built the house now standing on the west bank of the river, just below the bridge, and owned by Depnty- Sheriff Harsha, and established a ferry where the bridge now stands.
James Ratcliff, the first County Clerk, built a cabin on the lot where Thomas Wilson now owns, and also a store where George Steiger lives, which was kept by George Hargrave. This was the first store in Carmi. About the same time Leonard White moved up from the Saline Lick and built the house now occupied by the widow of George Patrick, and also the Ready house, now occupied
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OARMI TOWNSHIP.
by George McHenry. James Gray came in 1816 or 1817, and lived in the rear portion of Ratcliff's store. He soon built a cabin on a lot now owned by Hester McCoy, and afterward a store near the corner of Main and Walnut. Dr. Josiah Stewart arrived soon after the war of 1812, and located near Graham's. Dr. Shannon came about 1818, and erected the building now occupied by the bank of Hay & Webb.
Simeon Smith came from Boston, Mass., in early day, and resided where F. E. Hay's mansion now stands. He was a carpenter by trade and built the old jail. He returned afterward to Boston.
CARMI-WHEN PLATTED.
Carmi was platted in 1816 and became the county seat. Around this were many good and worthy families. There were Daniel Hay, a most excellent gentleman; James Gray, the founder of Grayville; Thomas Gray, his brother, universally beloved by all who came in contact with him; Colonel Asa Ross, aplain, old-fashioned>> meantjust what he said; Dr. Thomas Shannon, a very eminent physician, and a man of sterling integrity; Dr. Josiah Stewart, a good physician, and much loved by the entire community; Lowry Hay, who was well respected by his neighbors; John Storms, County Surveyor for over thirty years, and was admired and re- spected by the entire community for his noble qualities of head and heart; these, with many others, were the early settlers in the neighborhood of Carmi. They had a fearful contest in the battle of life. Isolated from any highway of travel, the only chance for transportation for person, produce or merchandise was the common dirt road, by wagon, or wait for the tide of the Little Wabash.
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