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HISTORY
of WHITE COUNTY ILLINOIS
the Google
12319
TOR
STATE
S
THE
CIETY
FOUNDED 1846
MARY STUART FOSTER FUND
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HISTORY of WHITE COUNTY ILLINOIS
Together with sketches of its cities, villages and townships, educational, religious, civil, military and political history ; portraits of prominent persons. and biographies of representa- tive citizens.
Inter-State Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois. 1883
Digitized by Google
PREFACE
For the second time in eight years the White County Historical Society republishes the History of White County, Illinois.
The 1883 edition was republished in 1965, just in time for Carmi's sesquincentennial celebration in 1966. The entire edition - 750 copies - sold out in about two years.
Because orders still come in, the Society has brought out this expanded edition, with ten more pictures, a list of all county officials since 1816, names of Carmi mayors and members of the White County Historical Society.
Republication was made possible by
M. PAULINE POMEROY,
of Carmi, who gave her copy of the 1883 history so that it might be issued by the offset printing process. This she did in memory of an ancestor, The Rev. John Charles Slocumb, a Methodist minister who was one of the founders of Carmi and White County.
Presidents of the White County Historical Society
J. Robert Smith 1957-1960, 1964-1965
James Robert Endicott
1961, 1962
Kent F. P. Boeger
1963
Dr. Edwin Stocke
1966
Allen Ball
1967
Albert Bramlet
1968
Maxwell C. Chapman 1969, 1970
Roy Kisner
1971
Pauline Cunningham Saunders
1972
Digitized by
NOV 1 3 1974 F 547 w3
H57 1973
CONTENTS.
HISTORY OF ILLINOIS.
FORKER OCCUPANTS.
17 17
Grammar and Cook Contrasted
INDIAN TROUBLES.
MonDd-Batidere Galsos Mounde
18
19
Large Cities ..
INDIANS
Illinois Confederacy
Starved Rock ...
Racs and Fixes ...
87
Internal Improve ments
EARLY DISCOVERIES
81
Illinois and Michigan Canal
Nichols. Perrot ...
31 31
PRAIRIE PIRATES
103
La Balle's Explorations ..
35
MORMON WAR ..
104
Great Battle of the Illinois
41
La Salle's Acasasination
48
THE WAR FOR THE UNION
19%
FRENCH OCCUPATION
44
Staten Needing ....
183
First Settlements
The Mississippi Company
Cull for Troops Promptly Answered.
187
Gen. Clark's Exploits
51
The War Ended-The I'ni 'n Restored. Schedule of Regiments.
18
ILLINOIS
55 55
DRKAN AND MANNERS.
140
NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY Ordinance of 1787 ..
56
150
St Clair Governor of N. W. Territory
59
167
ILLINOIS TERRITORY
Lieutenant-Governors
100
WAR OF 1818-THE OUTBREAK Massacre of Fort Dearborn
Expedition. up the Mississippi.
71
ILLINOIS AS A STATE.
74
CHICAGO ...
170
OrgsLivation .... ...
74
The Great Fire 172
178
State Bank ..
La Fayette's Vielt
HISTORY OF WHITE COUNTY.
CHAPTER J.
NATURAL HISTORY 189
Topography ..
189
Geology
190
Economical Geology
199
Botany.
¥00
Tan Trees
201
Low Trees
203
Rushes and Shrubs Vives ...
905
Native Herbe.
en6
Weeds ..
507
Soology.
208
Archeology.
818
Meteorology.
215
Earthquake ..
816
Weather Record.
217
Temperature, 1880.
CHAPTER TI.
BARLY SETTLEMENT 221
Yearby Land. 221
Other Early Settlers 221
The Indians. 227
First Land Entries
Old Bettlers' Amanciation
281
Old Bettlern' Reunion 281
Address of Daniel Berry ....
CHAPTER III.
PIONEER LIFE.
840) The Log Cabin
240
Home made
61
Trade ..
Money.
Milling.
Agricultural Implementa
Rog Filling.
Prairie Fires
Wild Hoge
Native Animale
Wolf Hunts
Bee-Hunting.
Snakes
Shakes.
Education
" Past the Pictures.
Spelling-school-
Singing.Achoo) -
Guarding Acainst Indians
The Bright Side
What the Pioneer- Have Done
CHAPTER IV.
REMINISCENCES. By Hon. S. II. Martin
Cold Winter of 1890-'1
Early Market Prices
Winnebago War BLACK HAWK WAR. Stillman'e Run .... Battle of Bad Axe.
Black Hawk Captured.
Manners and Customs ..
Biographical Sketch of Black Hawk FROM 1844 TO 1818. ...
Stagi-bend:d Comhat with the Indians
.Vartyr for Liberty
Joliet and Marquette.
MEXICAN WAR Battle of Buena Vista.
116
Tonti Safe at Green Bay.
119
The Fall of Sumter
ENGLISH RULE.
DUELS.
141
County of Illinois.
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ILLINOIS. AGRICULTURE.
164
59 59
State Ofcia'e. t. S. Senators. Representatives in Congress
163
Derivation of the name " Tilinote
Commerce of Chicago.
DIGEST OF STATE LAWS 117
Sleeping Accommodations M
Cooking ..
Women's Work.
Dress and Manners
Family Worship
Hospitality
GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS
161 163
Digitized by Google
CONTANTE.
Les By-gomes be Dy-gones. Romaatle, but True ...
Fabiie Men .... ....
Railroads
Agricultural
Societies
The White County Agricultural
Patrons of Husbandry
CeDens.
CHAPTER XI.
THE PRESS.
Weekly White County Advocate ...
Carmi Weekly Courier ..
Carmi Weekly Times.
White County Democra.
The Grayville Weekly News
Grayville Weekly Journal.
The Grayville Weekly Democrat
The Grayville Republican
Grayville Independent
Endeld Republican.
The Open Door
Our Church Worker
CHAPTER XII.
MUSICAL AND LITERARY +1
Flow Gently, Sweet Afton .. 491 "In My Father's House Are Many Man- MODA,".
"By Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them,
It's Better Higher Up 400 Queen of May Festival .. 400 That's What I've Told my Emily 001
The Brigade ...
CHAPTER XIII.
EMINENT DEAD
Hun. John M. Robinson 508
Hon. William Wilson 504
James Ratcliff.
Willie Hargrave 506
Hon. Edwin B. Webb. 507
Bonj. Franklin 8piiman. 505
Daniel Hay .
509
Dr. Thomas Shannon 611
Samuel Snowdon Hayen BLI
Ool. John E. Whiting. ...
518
John Storme.
Hoses Pearce.
Capta.n James Fuckney
514
CHAPTER XIV.
MISCELLANEOUS
515
Achoole.
518
Schools of 1800.
516
Schools of 1882. 615
White Conuty Bible Society.
817
Early Minister of the Gospel
Wabash Valley Medical Amociation
The Cold Plague. 500
Cholera ..
Poor Farm and House.
Marringen
The First Will.
Map of White County
Postoffices
TOWNSHIP HISTORIEN
Carmi. Towoship and City 329 | Gray Township and Gray.
| Indian Creek
Yill Sbosle
Emma ... 678 Hawthorne 800 Phillip ...
Bnfeld
800 : Herald's Prairie.
817
GALLATIN COUNTY.
New Haven
| Bear Creek Towarhip.
PORTRAITA.
Binde, J. D ..
Powell, J. G. Shipley, J. B. ...... ...
004 Wurd, W. c .. ............
Millirea, Joseph.
Breda ....
Miscellaneous De
First Events ..
CHAPTER V.
LEGAL.
Organization and General Division.
Voung Precincts ..
Townships ..
299
Legislative ... 800 County Commissiondr's Courts. Illinois Territory, White County.
801 $12
Probate Court. 818
Circuit Court 818
First Circuit Court
814
Personal Sketches.
815
The Bar of the Part
$18
The Present Bar
$25
The Court-House
827
The Jail ..
CHAPTER VI.
POLITICAL ....
Miscellaneous Noten
886
Election Notes ...
County Officers and Representatives. .. Delegates to Constitutional Conven- tions, etc ..
858
CHAPTER VII.
CRIMINAL
857
The First, Murder Case 857
Mer dith and Martin, 1881. 86₺
William B. Ledbetter, 1884.
James Stanley, 1845.
HADry Voltg, 1908. 844
866
Willis Kershaw, 1868
304
Lewis Thomas La Neuve, 1870
375
Jefferson Brown, 1879.
375 876
Robert Battery, 1880.
877
Newton Faulkner, 1880.
$78
Alexander Travelstead, 180
878
Sliba Rnasell, 1881 $79
Briefer Mention.
8A0
381
CHAPTER VIII.
THE GREAT WAR.
882
Regimental Historiey 899
Roll of Honor
482
CHAPTER IX.
MINOR WARS
469
The War of 1812
45 !
Block Honres. 452 White County Medical Noclety 51P
Black Hawk War. 453
CHAPTER X.
MATERIAL PROGRESS
The Great Wabash 459
458
The Lit le Wabash 464
Skillet Fork 465
Fox River.
465
John Aiken, 1864 ...
375
John Hooser, 1871.
.James O'Connor, 1880.
.all Committels, 1874-1882
.....
durat Prairie ville. 185
Digitized by Google
-
Congressional Districts
CONTENTS.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKSTONES.
Absher, Damel
678 ; Brockett, M. S.
715 | Edwards. Chas. W
Ababer, Henry F. ..
679 Brockett, Wm. W.
716
Elliott, Cyrus.
Absher, John.
680 Brown, G. M.
578
Elis, Lou'sa J.
Abshier, Jackson
946 Brown, M. L.
716
Emerson, E. B ..
88
Arama, John G.
629
Bruce, R. J. Bruce, Wm. L.
961
Bpley, Mathias. Eply, John ..
Aldridge, W. P.
947
Bruce, Wm. M. Brumblay. J. 8
681
Farley, James.
Allen, J. B.
564
Bryant, Daniel.
827
Fearn, Francis.
Amon, H
680
Bryant, Daniel
882
Fearn, Thomas.
Anderson, J. N
712
Bryant, Jackson
828 682 Felker, Phil. J.
578
Appel, Jobn ...
630
Buck, Marmaduke.
910
Felty, Albert 8
578
Aniustrong, J. W
924
Bulkley, Daniel
759
Ferrell, W. E.
970
Armstrong, J. W
960
Burdick, Loron
759 Fields, Christopher
:18
Ary, Thon. 8.
Butler, Caleb.
760 Fields, Rev. J. W.
Asb-ry, I. M.
948
Butler, T. P.
761
Fielde, Wm. M
718
Aud, Rev. T. J
825
Calvin, G. P.
92 Files, Benj. F.
911
Austin, Alexander.
825
Callvert, Alex
828
Files, James.
911
Austin, Benjamin
712
Carey, Abner.
Finley, J. W ..
579
Austin, Cherles
825
Carothers, Wm Carter, J. M. G.
762
Floyd, Hiram S.
718
Austin, William
8:47
Chance. J. M.
717
Ford, James ..
461
Bacon. A. H.
488
Chapman, S ..
Ford, T. K.
952
Bacon, D. H.
Charles, Daniel
Foster, Archie G.
719
Bacon, M. H.
Charles, F. M.
768
Foster, Elijah
885
Bailey, J. W.
Charles; John ..
998
Foster, F. J.
BOD
Bain, Geo. W.
680 Clark, A. A. B.
765
Foster, Sam. J
719
Bair. Mra. A. C.
566 Clark, Geo. W
688 Franks, Grandchain
Baird, Wm. H
Clark, James A.
68% Franer, J. H.
911
Ball, W'm. J.
Clark, John W.
829 Freibergen, D ..
581
Baker, Alfred
Clarke, J. E. O. Clarke, Joel
688
Fulkerson, H. C ..
840
Barter, J. H.
499 Fulkerson, Wm. J.
641
Barth, Jacob.
928
Funkhouser, Jas. T. Funkhouser, V ..
642
Barth, Mrs. M.
567
Coale, R. 8 ...
685
Galloway, C. R.
971
Barth, Wm. M.
56. Cochran, Wm. R
578
Gardner, D. W.
681
Bean. Joshua C.
926 Coles, J. F ..
Garrett, J. M.
719 881
Beck, Francis
682 Conger, Hon. E. J
817 Garrison, T. B.
885
Beck, M. C.
Conner. G. H.
909
Garrison, Wm. R.
886
Beck, William
508
Cook, Charles.
962
Garrison, Joseph
Becker, O. F.
568
Cook, Christian
578
Gaston, k. W.
Behymer, Nath
909
Cook, Jobn
Gentry, W. C ..
Bell, David A.
718
Cook, R. H.
Gilbert, Wm. H.
Benham, Stewart Bennett, Wm. T.
688
Cook, Bilas
Glover. Robert
Berry, Chas. P.
406
Coulter. J. 8
707
Gossett, Abram
886
Berry, Wm. H.
Coulter, F. M.
768
Goesett, Thos. D.
888
Black, A. G.
Craver, H. E.
574
Gossett, Wm. J
720
Blegg, Leonard
755
Cross. Thomas.
980 Gowdy. Wm. M.
790
Bisir. H. D.
756
575
Grabam, Dan H.
588
Bleakley, Alleu
828 757 684
Crowder, Jus. R. Corhman, Calvin Dagley, Henry 8 Dagley, J. B. Dagley, Samuel
829
Graham, John.
806
Boehringer. Chris
880
Graham, Smiley. Grant, Joseph R.
791
Boor, T. E ..
869
Danner, Fred.
768
Grant, Robert.
889
Boord, L. D.
758
Davenport, C. R.
696
Gravitt, Wm
584
Bowers, Rev, E. '"
570
Davis, Wm ..
Gray, Wm. H. Greene, O. O.
887
Boyce. P. R.
881
Dawsey, James
684
Gregg. Hugh C.
968
Boyd Bros
Dawson, Jas. F.
576 Gregg, Wm. E ..
971
Boyd, Jaa. A
487 680 570
Dean. Marvin O. De Lap, John.
888 Grow, John B
884
Royer.
570 De Lap, William.
888 Hadden, Alfred
584
Boys . L.A
571
Dewiera, Chas
687 Hadden, J. L .. .
648
Sorterth. H. P.
969
Dietz, John
Haefele. John
644
Bozaman, J. R
571
Dobbs, Henry
717 Hale, Franklin
Brandt, Henry Brechner, John
688 Hale, Wilson
887
Brill, John H
881 Durley, Lowin.
806 Hall, John W
DrIJI, S. 8 .. edett, A. D. F. 901 Eastwood. J. R
770 | Hall. William
Digitized by
588
Bolejack. J. K.
880 Dain. Wm. 8
949
Gray, William
648
Bowman, Frank
685
Davis, Wm. N
709
769 Greer, Wm. R
888
Boyd, B. W
714 880 880
Crawford, T. F.
929
Crebe, Col. J. M
818
Gowdy, John H
720
IsJafr, H. A.
575 Graham, Jas. R.
Blood. S. H.
880
Graham, R 8
Bohlever, David.
Cook, J. M.
Gidcumb, Chas
766 970 688
Goodrich, H. L.
640
Barnett, Elisha
718 879 948 Clarke. V. J. B 631 Cleaveland, Wm. T
489
Fulkerson, R. J.
641
Barth, Karl F.
Clifford, J. E ..
998
765 814 Garrison, B. L.
Beard, E. U.
568 Conger, Hon. C. S.
578 927
761 762 Fisher, H. F. W.
Austin, Hugh.
826
Bryant, Solomon
882
962
Bubanke, D. P.
Alleu, Geo. L.
805
679 Bruce, Geo. W
Abshler, Joel ..
961 Emerson, M. I.
Aldridge, F. M.
946
Anderson. Michael
563
566
486 925 8:27
718 908
Corcoran, J. J.
Berry, D. P ...
Black, James.
Gowdy, Jas. H.
990 Grant, R. R.
Boultinghouse. JDo
758 716 Davis, Rev. R. M.
969 578
Hatte, John, Jr
Dolan, Patrick.
871 760 Dosher, John 881 Downen, D. R.
688 Hall, Abraham
884
Davis, B. F ..
888 888
Feebrer, Maurice
CONTENTS.
Hallan, Samuel
774 | Kissall, M. D.
Howtos. Wa. ...
Banks, William
Kirk, Frederick.
Natter, Creo .....
Hsamore, C. B.
Kisner, Jobn H. Kronmiller, J. H
Odell. J. R.
Harrell, J. C ...
Kaykendall, G. G
809 Odell, W. A.
Harrell, W. F.
966 Kaykendall, P. C.
721
Oliver, Wm ...
Barris, Jarrett
808
Lamoot, Samuel.
O' Neill, James
Harris, P. B ..
884
Land, Boni ..
Orange. U. J
Barris, R. M
835 Langford, J. H .... Lanterman, F. M
800
Organ, R. L.
Harrison, G. W Harsh:, Arthur
808 Lutham, S. C. ..
784 Orr. R. B. ..
Hart, Henry F.
836
Latimer, J. B ....
OTT. R. F.
Haak, Jobn ....
645
Lasster, J. M ...
Hawthorn Jas.
721
Leathers, J. M.
Hay, F. & Hay, T. W.
586
967
Hay. W .. S.
887
Parkbarat, J. H
Hayes, C. L. 478
788
Payne, W. L. &
910
Pearce, Alfred.
Haynio, Geo. W Headey. Jobn. Healy, Geo. C
775
Lindsay, J. S. Logan, Goo. H. Logan. S. L. Lowe, W. H. Majore, Issac
801 658
726
Henson, Jesre C.
MaloDe, G. A.
Herring, B. F ..
856 932
Mann, Wm. P. Maricle, Henry Mariclo, R. H.
808 Marin, Joba.
Marlin, Joba M.
Mureball, Jobs
888
Martin, Ass. Martin, Daniel.
840
Poul, Thomas.
Popo. George.
Hinch, J. A ..
Martin, Gro. W
Hinch, Lowry ....
Martin, John C.
Hinde, J. B ..
Martin, John D.
Holderby, Nath
Martin, Hon. S. H.
$54
Hollister, A. A
Martin, Thos.
971
Price, W. F.
818
Holmes, J. B.
645
Martin, Western
Hon, Carson
Matbowe, Thos
Hon. Lewis.
Hoskins, R. C.
837 680
Mcclintock, J. I.
Puntney, Jus. A
Habele, Joha.
500
McCracken, R. D
595
Pyle, Leopard.
848
Radgino, O. M.
Mccreery, M. H.
785
Pyle. Nicholas
Hunsinger, Esekiel.
647
McHenry, L. M. McIntorh, Jeffry
Hansinger, Jeremiah.
Hunsinger, Joseph
Hunsinger, Mitchell.
Hansinger. Wm. D.
McMurtry, W. P
690 Randolph, R .... 691 Randolph, Thos 596 Randolph, T. W
Hunter, C. T.
918 691
Melvin, Chas
Meritt, Wm
915
Reab, Lowla ...
Jackson. Jao. M.
Miller, Goo. W.
Redman, A. R. Reed, Walter ..
Jarrell, Martha ... Jeesnp, Richard.
592
Miller, Jobn M
725
Rettig, Henry
Jolly, John B.
779 650
Miller, P. W.
727 7:27
Rice, Edward Rice, R. G.
Jones. .. R
593
Miller, S. B.
Jones, W. B.
889
Miller, N. B. F.
72% 723
Rice, Will S ..
Jordan, M. T
728
Milliron, J.
785
Rickenbach, D. K.
966
Joy. A. P'.
483
Minick, W. A Mitchell, W. J
$16
Joy, Thos. L.
Montgomery, Rev. A. S :28 729
Robinson, Wm
Kollo, Isaac ... Kenner, B. W Keruey. T. M
483 650 780 594
Montgomery, M. A. Moore, J. H
967 892 Roeselot, F.
Kerr. W. J
890
781
Kere :aw, Edward.
Nation, M. T
893
Saunders, J. C.
Kingall, Beej.
Nowman, A. A
Schansle, F.
Digitized by
846 846 601 658 816 M7 783
Hiil. Hugh J. Hill, Jobs F .. HIIL, Thos. M.
888
859
Martin, Henry.
Porter, D. M .. Porter, T. I ...
Pryor. Jonas Puckett, P. 3 Pamroy, Guo. R. Pumroy, Jns. Y.
Purvis, J. L.
Hughes, U ... .... Hughes, Geo. W.
887
McDowell, C. E.
McHenry, Geo. M.
Questel, Lowia Quigley, L. B. Quigley, P. C.
Hunsinger, Geo. T ...
648 648 649 Mckenzie, Wm. 649 Mc.Mallen, H. H McMallen, Nath.
690
Hunter, Lafayette
Meckel, C. C. Modlin, B. F
848 Randolph. Wm Rawlinson, Gou 844
Hust, Henry H Hotebi.ou, Wm. D Ivey, D. M ...
591 501 809
Meyerbox, H. W
810 Rebstock, Jobn
725 596 726
Rees, C. L ..
Johnson, J. M Johnson, W. H
Miller, Mark A.
7:26 891
Rhein, D. ... Rice, Carey ...
Rice, Toliver
Jordan, Elias
Miller, Wm. R.
Jordan, R. W
Millepagh, M.
892 Robinson, G. W .. Robinson, J. N ..
Joy, Epbraim
48%
592 843 Robinson, J. S .. Robinson, M. N.
Roser. Frederick
597 Ruckle, R. W Rudd, Clifford
Kerebaw, Boone
Morris, J. A. Morris, Tos 654 Morrison, Jas. Myers, W. R 654 Rudolph, A. J Sallee. N. J
Sershaw, Joseph King. Theo. C. :
788 681 Nelson, J. L.
692
667 Pearce, G. .... Pearce, H. J .. Pearce, Homes. Pearce, Jur. M .. 478 801 918 018 Poarco, P. A ... Petty Jool, F. C. PAster. Joseph. Phillips, Wosky Phipps, Luck. 89 | Phipps, Taylor. Poippe. W. H. Plock. Martin. Pool, Jamon W
Hick, Thos. B ..
Hick. Thos. 8
Hickling, Ches
Higdon, Philip. 58 % 931
Higginson, Goo. W
885
Losthere, Joka. Lowie, Bam. D Lindeay, G. B.
Parker, Theo Parker, V. H.
912 887 776
Helm, J. J.
Hendrix, Tho«. 8% Henson, Goo. R Males, Wm. P. M.Jone, A ....
808 888
783 841 858 Powell, Juo. G Preber, Ford
McCallister, Jarrett McCallister, Wesley
Honghteling, Chas
Howell, Bonj. F
McClare. J. A ..
818 784 689 682 819 658
819 596 810 891 914 Raglin, W. A. Ramsey, 8. N Randolph, K. W
Miller, Jas. A
776 Miller, Rev. J. M
Miller, Michael.
Jones, James.
Odell, J. B .. .....
Hanna, Goo. L.
UFF, J. H ..
OFT, R. P. Palmer, Wm. F
CONTENTS.
Schwaner, Louise.
606 | Stewart, R. L.
611 Walters, W. H
Soals, R. Coleman
Stine, Caspar.
Ward, Elizabeth
Shannon, A. R.
816 St. John, W. A.
612 Ward, Joseph
Sheridan, Thos .. 781 Stokes, A. W.
794 Ward, Leonard.
Shipley, Harriet M 607 Stokes, J. G ..
794 Ward. W. W. C
Shipley, J. H.
Stokes, Wm. H.
803
Warren, A. C ...
Sholta, A. J ..
Storm-, Hail ..
608
Storms, North
14
Wease, Boston 8.18
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James Ratcliff, one of the founders of White County
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Jo hore eth Robinson SENATOR FROM ILCANDYS.
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The Old Court House Built 1828.
Carmi Til
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Residence built in late 1820's by Leonard White on North Main Cross Street, two blocks north of courthouse. Senator John M. Robinson lived here until 1835.
AMS
In 1835, Senator Robinson bought the John Craw log house, erected in 1814, and remodeled it to look like this. The house at 110 South Main Cross Street and its antique furnishings, dating back to 1797, were given to the White County Historical Society by the Senator's granddaughter, Miss Mary Jane Stewart (1873-1966) to be used as a museum.
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Partial view of living room in Robinson-Stewart House museum.
Dining room in Robinson-Stewart House. This room was the kitchen of the Robinson family.
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·· DO NUT SHOP
Neglected, abused, dilapidated, 132-year-old Ratcliff Inn looked like this in 1960 when the White County Historical Society saved it from destruction, purchased and restored it. The inn was built in 1828 by James Ratcliff.
Ratcliff Inn in 1972, the year it was nominated for the National Register of Historic Places. Abraham Lincoln lodged here in 1840. The second floor is a museum. On the first floor is the Carmi Artists Guild gallery and an office occupied by Circuit Judge Henry Lewis.
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One view of Ratcliff Inn museum, showing one of four original fireplaces.
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P
HISTORY OF WHITE COUNTY.
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CHAPTER I. NATURAL HISTORY. TOPOGRAPHY.
White County has a geographical area of about 480 square miles, is situated in the southeastern portion of the State of Illinois, and is bounded on the north by Wayne and Edwards counties, on the east by the Wabash River, on the south by Gallatin County, and on the west by Hamilton County. Its latitude is 37° 54' to 38° 15' north of the equator, and its longitude about 11º to 11° 20' west of Washington. The county is twenty-four miles north and south by an average of twenty east and west.
The county is mostly drained by the Little Wabash and its trib- utaries, which river traverses the territory from north to south a little east of the middle. The second stream in size within White is Skillet Fork, which enters the county at the extreme northwest corner and flows southeasterly through Mill Shoals and Burnt Prairie townships into the Little Wabash. In the southwestern extremity of White County, and in the southern portion of Indian Creek Township, Bear Creek and Indian Creek unite to form Prai- rie Creek, flowing southward in section 8, of township 7 south, 8 east Lick Creek rises in the northern part of Indian Creek Township and flows southeasterly into the Little Wabash. Seven-Mile Creek rises in the southern part of Enfield Township and flows north by east into Skillet Fork. It is a stream of considerable size, and drains all the west central portion of the county. Beaver and Lost creeks drain the southern part of Mill Shoals Township into Skillet Fork. French Creek is a small stream near Grayville, in the northeast corner of the county. Fox River is a bayon of the Big Wabash, in the eastern portion of Phillips Township, leaving about six square miles of territory between it and the river. Little Fox 13
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HISTORY OF WHITE COUNTY.
River comes into this bayou from a point in the river about three miles above.
Other streams in the county are smaller than any of those mentioned.
The land east of the Little Wabash is more level and sandy than that lying west. Hills prevail along the streams, especially in the northern and western portions of the county. The southeastern part of White County, namely, Hawthorn and Emma townships, s characterized by a considerable area of flat land, intersected by a chain of ponds extending nearly due north and south, which proba- bly marks the course of an old river channel.
Most of White County was originally covered with tall "tim- ber," the exact character of which is described under the head of " Botany," a few pages further on. A small prairie existed here and there, which is now obliterated by farms, and gave rise to such names as "Burnt Prairie," " Herald's Prairie," "Seven-Mile Prai- rie," the " Big Prairie," etc.
Agriculturally, the soil of this county is good for all the products of the farm, orchard and garden that are raised anywhere in the West. Wheat, oats, corn, timothy, red-top, blue grass, clover, ap- ples, peaches, pears, cherries, small fruits, melons, sweet and Irish potatoes, and all the common garden products, find a home here, limited only by some of the vicissitudes of the climate. (See Me- teorology, on a subsequent page.)
Smaller details concerning the topography of the county will be found in the respective township histories, toward the latter part of the volume.
GEOLOGY.
The following description of the geological character of White County is taken mainly from the report of the State Geologist, A. H. Worthen:
Superficial Deposits .- The alluvium, loess and drift, the three principal divisions of the quaternary, or most recent of the geological systems, are well developed in this county. Alluvial bottoms of considerable extent skirt the courses of the main and Little Wabash and Skillet Fork, but being subject to annual over- flow, the land is only valued at the present time for the fine body of timber which it sustains. The soil, however, is a rich sandy loam, and when cleared and brought under cultivation will prove the most fertile land in the county.
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HISTORY OF WHITE COUNTY.
The loess is very heavily developed along the bluffs of the Wabash from Phillipstown to Grayville, and ranges from thirty to sixty feet or more in thickness. It comprises a bed of brown clay immediately below the surface, of variable thickness, which is underlaid by the usual ash-gray and buff marly sands, containing the characteristic fresh-water and land shells usually found in this deposit.
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