Hazzard's history of Henry county, Indiana, 1822-1906, Volume I, Part 13

Author: Hazzard, George, 1845-
Publication date: 1906
Publisher: Newcastle, Ind., G. Hazzard, author and publisher
Number of Pages: 1000


USA > Indiana > Henry County > Hazzard's history of Henry county, Indiana, 1822-1906, Volume I > Part 13


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71


Undoubtedly there were other regiments, Federal and Confederate, the statistics of which are imperfect, whose losses were fully fifty per cent., or per- haps more; but the average per cent. of killed and died of wounds was far below that of the regiments above mentioned. It was about 4.7 per cent. of Colonel Fox's total of 2,326,168, and about 7 per cent. of Colonel Livermore's total of 1,556,698.


The figures given in the foregoing tables do not fully represent the fighting in campaigns such as those of Grant and Sherman in the Spring and Summer of 1864. The battles beginning with the first day's fight in the Wilderness, May 3, 1864, and ending with that of Spottsylvania, May 12, were really parts of one continuous battle in which the Federal loss, according to Colonel Livermore, was 26,815 in killed and wounded, and 4,183 missing. So the battles of the Atlanta campaign in the month of May, 1864, were really parts of one continuous battle in which the Federals, with an effective force of 110,123, lost in killed and wounded 10,528 and in missing, 1,240, and the Confederates, with an effective force of 66,089, lost in killed and wounded 9,187. Even these figures do not convey an accurate idea of the desperate fighting and the enormous losses in the last year of the war. Charles A. Dana, Assistant Secretary of War, in his "Recol- lections of the Civil War," p. 211, has compiled from the official reports a table showing the losses in the Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James in Grant's Richmond campaign, from the beginning, May 3, 1864, to the surrender at Appomattox, April 9, 1865. It shows the following totals :


Killed. 15,139


Wounded. 77,748


Captured and Missing. 31,503


Total.


124,390


Some idea may be formed of these enormous losses if we consider that they far exceed the great army with which Sherman began his Atlanta campaign, and that they more than twice outnumber the army with which Rosecrans started on


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HAZZARD'S HISTORY OF HENRY COUNTY.


his Chattanooga campaign. They also outnumber all the American troops engaged in the whole of the Mexican War. And yet these figures represent only the Federal losses and do not take into account those of the Confederates.


The magnitude of the battles of the Civil War, compared with those of the Revolution, will be seen by comparing the following summary of the losses at Chickamauga and Gettysburg with the summary given of the Revolutionary losses.


LOSSES AT CHICKAMAUGA.


Killed.


Wounded.


Missing.


Total.


Federals


1,657


9,756


4,757


16,170


Confederates


2,312


14,674


1,468


18,454


Total


3,969


24,430


6,225


34,624


Killed, wounded and missing:


Confederates


18,454


34,624


Killed and wounded :


Federals


16,170


Federals


11,413


Confederates


16,986


28,399


LOSSES AT GETTYSBURG.


Killed.


Wounded.


Missing.


Total.


Federals


3,155


14,529


5,365


23,049


Confederates


3,903


18,735


5,425


28,063


Total


7,058


33,264


10,790


51,112


Killed, wounded and missing:


Federals


23,049


Confederates


28.063


Killed and wounded:


Federals


17,684


Confederates


22,638


40,322


51,112


The statistics give us only a hint of the development of a citizen into a soldier, and, to understand this fully, we must read such books as General Humph- reys's Virginia Campaign and General Cox's Atlanta Campaign. These are not mere eulogies, such as are found in regimental histories and memorial day ad- dresses. They are careful statements of facts by men fully conversant with them. They tell of such heroic fighting on both sides as was never surpassed in any war in the world. The men of the North and the South that fought in 1864 in the Richmond and Atlanta campaigns were veteran soldiers, whose training and ex- perience had raised them to the highest grade of efficiency. We read of repulses but of few panics. The men on both sides went where they were ordered, stood as long as they were commanded to stand, and retreated only when it was apparent to their officers that to stand longer would result in useless slaughter.


8


CHAPTER VII.


THE STORY TOLD BY THE STATISTICS CONTINUED-INDIANA STATISTICS.


SUMMARY OF TROOPS FURNISHED TO THE U. S. SERVICE-THE SAME REDUCED TO A THREE-YEAR BASIS-STATE TROOPS ADDITIONAL TO THE VOLUNTEER FORCE -NUMBER OF MILITARY COMMISSIONS ISSUED-WAR EXPENDITURES- KILLED AND DIED OF WOUNDS-CALL FOR TROOPS-INDIANA'S BATTLE RECORD-COMMANDERS OF THE MILITARY DISTRICT OF INDIANA-COMMAND- ERS OF DEPARTMENTS WHICH HAVE EMBRACED THE STATE OF INDIANA- NATIVITY OF INDIANA SOLDIERS-HEIGHT AND AGES OF INDIANA SOLDIERS- DELEGATES TO THE PEACE CONVENTION OF 1861-GRAND TOTAL OF ENLIST- MENTS BY STATES, DURING THE CIVIL WAR-ANOTHER VIEW OF GOVERNOR OLIVER P. MORTON.


TROOPS MUSTERED INTO THE SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES.


Infantry .- Officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates 175,776


Cavalry .- Officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates. 21,605


Artillery .-- Officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates. 10,986


Grand total U. S. volunteers from Indiana .208,367


Reduced to a three-year basis. 153,576


TERMS OF SERVICE.


For the term of three years 165,717


For the term of one year. 21,642


For the term of nine months. 742


For the term of six months. 4,082


For the term of one hundred days 7,415


For the term of three months


6,308


For the term of sixty days. 587


For the term of thirty days


1,874


Grand total. 208,367


. SUMMARY OF TROOPS FURNISHED.


Commissioned officers at original organization. 6,293


Non-commissioned officers and musicians at original organization 1,112


Enlisted men, privates, at original organization.


Recruits, privates. 137,401


35,836


Re-enlisted, veterans. 11,718


Unassigned recruits, regular army, etc. 16,007


Grand total, troops furnished for U. S. service. 208,367


Add State troops, ( Indiana Legion), see statement below 51,400


Grand total of troops furnished for U. S. and State service. 259,767


115


HAZZARD'S HISTORY OF HENRY COUNTY.


ACCOUNTED FOR AND UNACCOUNTED FOR.


Officers and enlisted men accounted for officially. .194,588 Enlisted men not accounted for on the returns, (including those who died in dis-


tant hospitals, by the wayside, stragglers, etc., never heard from) 13,779


Grand total. . 208,367


STATE TROOPS ADDITIONAL TO THE VOLUNTEER FORCE.


The Indiana Legion, 1861-65.


Enlisted for home service and organized into companies, battalions and regiments employed in repelling rebel raids, guarding the Ohio River Border against Confederate invasion, etc .; 735 companies; aggregate number of men. 51,400


NUMBER OF MILITARY COMMISSIONS ISSUED, 1861-65.


To officers of volunteers, U. S. service. 15,430


To officers of the Indiana Legion, State service. 3.159


To enrolling officers, draft of 1862. 295


Total number of commissions issued during the war 18,884


WAR EXPENDITURES.


Paid by Counties, Townships, Cities and Towns: $ 4,566,898


For relief of Soldiers' families.


For miscellaneous military purposes. 198,866


For local bounties to Soldiers. 15,492,876


Paid by voluntary contributions :


For relief of Soldiers through State sanitary commission 606,570


State appropriation, Act of March 4, 1865:


For relief of Soldiers' families 1,646,809


Paid by the State:


For expenditures on account of the war, charged to the United States 4,373,593


Total amount expended. $26,885,612


KILLED AND DIED OF WOUNDS.


Commissioned officers of volunteers. 652


Non-commissioned officers and enlisted men. 23,764


Death of men returned as missing (estimated) 5,500


Discharged for wounds and died after reaching home (estimated) 5,500


Grand total. 35,416


CALLS FOR TROOPS.


First Call-75,000 men-Three months service, April 15, 1861.


Second Call-42,034 men-Three years service, May 3, 1861.


Third Call-300,000 men-Nine months service, August 4, 1862.


Fourth Call-100,000 men-Six months service, June 15, 1863.


Fifth Call-300,000 men-Three years service, October 17, 1863.


Sixth Call-500,000 men-One, Two or Three years service, July 18, 1864.


Seventh Call-300,000 men-One, Two or Three years service, December 19, 1864.


INDIANA'S BATTLE RECORD.


TOTAL NUMBER OF ENGAGEMENTS IN WHICH INDIANA TROOPS PARTICIPATED.


Virginia 90


Tennessee 51


I16


HAZZARD'S HISTORY OF HENRY COUNTY.


Georgia


41


Mississippi


24


Arkansas 19


Alabama 18


Kentucky


16


Louisiana


15


Missouri


9


North Carolina


8


Maryland


7


Texas


3


South Carolina.


2


Indian Territory


2


Pennsylvania


1


Ohio


1


Indiana


1


Total engagements.


308


Total States, 17.


COMMANDERS OF THE MILITARY DISTRICT OF INDIANA.


(IN THE CIVIL WAR.)


Brigadier General Henry B. Carrington, from March 23, 1863, to April 15, 1863.


Brigadier General Milo S. Hascall, from April 15, 1863, to June 8 ,1863.


Brigadier General Orlando B. Willcox, from June 8, 1863, to September 11, 1863. Colonel John S. Simonson, from September 11, 1863, to May 23, 1864.


Brigadier General Henry B. Carrington, from May 23, 1864, to August 25, 1864.


Brevet Major General Alvin P. Hovey, from August 25, 1864, to September 25, 1865. Brigadier General Thomas G. Pitcher, from September 25, 1865, to August 17, 1866. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas J. Wood, United States Army, was Chief Muster- ing Officer and Post Commander at Indianapolis, from May -, 1861, until October 11, 1861.


Colonel John S. Simonson, United States Army, succeeded Colonel Wood as Post Commander, which position he retained until August, 1862.


Colonel Henry B. Carrington, United States Army, reported at Indianapolis as Chief Mustering Officer for Indiana, and Commander of the Post at Indianapolis, August 18, 1862, and continued to discharge the duties of those positions until he, as Brigadier General, was assigned to command the District of Indiana, March 23, 1863.


MILITARY COMMANDERS OF DEPARTMENTS WHICH HAVE EMBRACED THE STATE OF INDIANA. (In the Civil War.)


DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO.


Major General George B. McClellan, from May 3, 1861, to September 19, 1861. Brigadier General Ormsby M. Mitchell, from September 19, 1861, to November 9, 1861.


Brigadier General Don Carlos Buell, from November 9, 1861, to August 19, 1862. Major General Horatio G. Wright, from August 19, 1862, to March 25, 1863. Major General Ambrose E. Burnside, from March 25, 1863, to November 16, 1863.


NORTHERN DEPARTMENT.


Major General Samuel P. Heintzelman, from February -, 1864, to October 1, 1864. Major General Joseph Hooker, from October 1, 1864, to July 5, 1865.


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HAZZARD'S HISTORY OF HENRY COUNTY.


DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO.


Major General Edward O. C. Ord, from July 5, 1865, to August 6, 1866.


DEPARTMENT OF THE LAKES.


Major General Joseph Hooker, from August 6, 1866.


NATIVITY OF INDIANA SOLDIERS. (In the Civil War.)


THIS TABLE SHOWS ALL THE FACTS THAT IT HAS BEEN POSSIBLE TO GATHER, EITHER FROM THE RECORDS OR FROM ESTIMATES MADE BY LATE OFFICERS.


There is no record of the nativity of about one-fourth of the soldiers who served from this State during the Civil War. A partial list is as follows:


Place of Birth.


Shown by Rolls.


Estimated.


Total.


Indiana


58,204


Ohio


22,911


New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.


9,228


Kentucky and Tennessee.


7,677


Other Slave States


5,947


Michigan, Illinois and Wisconsin


2,124


....


. .


. .


Other Free States


146


Total American born


107,139


33,499


140,638


Germany


5,242


1,214


6,456


Ireland


2,985


112


3,097


England


1,084


29


1,113


Foreign Countries not designated.


948


2,461


3,400


Canada


611


9


620


Scotland


245


245


Total Foreign born.


11,115


3,825


14,940


Grand Total reported and estimated.


118,254


37,324


155,578


HEIGHT AND AGES OF INDIANA SOLDIERS. (In the Civil War.)


EXHIBIT SHOWING THE HEIGHT AND AGES OF 118,254 INDIANA SOLDIERS IN THE UNITED STATES SERVICE, CIVIL WAR.


There is no record of the descriptions of about 88,000 soldiers from this State.


Height.


No. of men.


Age-Years.


No. of men.


Under 61 inches


501


Under 17 years


270


At 61 inches


293


At 17 years


634


At 62 inches.


971


At 18 years


21,935


At 63 inches


2,503


At 19 years. 10,519


At 64 inches.


5,387


At 20 years


9,435


At 65 inches.


9,171


At 21 years.


9,705


At 66 inches.


14,373


At 22 years.


7,835


At 67 inches


15,328


At 23 years


6,789


...


New England States


902


118


HAZZARD'S HISTORY OF HENRY COUNTY.


At 68 inches


19,140


At 24 years 6,013


At 69 inches


15,472


At 25 years.


4,891


At 70 inches.


15,047


At 26 years


4,283


At 71 inches


8,706


At 27 years 3,738


At 72 inches.


6,679


At 28 years


3,929


At 73 inches


2,614


At 29 years


2,769


At 74 inches


1,357


At 30 years


3,001


At 75 inches.


406


31 to 34 years


8,361


Over 75 inches


336


35 years and over


14,127


Total reported


118,254


Total reported 118,254


DELEGATES TO PEACE CONVENTION, 1861.


Held at Washington, District of Columbia, in February, 1861, to prepare a plan of adjustment of the difficulties between the national government and certain revolted States in the South.


In pursuance of a joint resolution of the Indiana Legislature, passed January, 1861, the following delegates to said convention were appointed by Governor Morton, February 1, 1861: Caleb B. Smith of Indianapolis, Pleasant A. Hackleman of Rushville, Godlove S. Orth of Lafayette, Thomas C. Slaughter of Corydon, Erastus W. H. Ellis of Goshen.


GRAND TOTAL OF ENLISTMENTS.


Summary of the number of men called for by the President of the United States, and furnished by, and credited to, the States and Territories during the Civil War.


Men


Men paid


Aggregate reduced to a three years'


States and Territories.


Quota.


Furnished. Commutation.


Total.


standard.


Maine


73,587


70,107


2,007


72,114


56,776


New Hampshire


35,897


33,937


692


34,629


30,349


Vermont


32,074


33,288


1,974


35,262


29,068


Massachusetts


139,095


146,730


5,318


152,048


124,104


Rhode Island


18,898


23,236


463


23,699


17,866


Connecticut


44,797


55,864


1,515


57,379


50,623


New York


507,148


448,850


18,197


467,047


392,270


New Jersey


92,820


76,814


4,196


81,010


57,908


Pennsylvania


385,369


337,936


28,171


366,107


265,517


Delaware


13,935


12,284


1,386


13,670


10,322


Maryland


70,965


46,638


3,678


50,316


41,275


West Virginia


34,463


32,068


32,068


27,714


District of Columbia


13,973


16,534


338


16,872


11,506


Ohio


306,322


313,180


6,479


319,659


240,514


Indiana


199.788


196,363


784


197,147


153,567


Illinois


244,496


259,092


55


259,147


214,133


Michigan


95,007


87,364


2,008


89,372


80,111


Wisconsin


109,080


91,327


5,097


96,424


79,260


Minnesota


26,326


24,020


1,032


25,052


19,693


Iowa


79,521


76,242


67


76,309


68,630


Missouri


122,496


109,111


109,111


86,530


Kentucky


100,782


75,760


3,265


79,025


70,832


Kansas


12,931


20,149


2


20,151


18,706


Tennessee


1,560


31,092


31,092


26,394


Arkansas


780


8,289


8,289


7,836


North Carolina


1,560


3,156


3,156


3,156


I19


HAZZARD'S HISTORY OF HENRY COUNTY.


California


15,725


15,725


15,725


Nevada


1,080


1,080


1,080


Oregon


1,810


1,810


1,773


Washington Territory


964


964


964


Nebraska Territory


3,157


3,157


2,175


Colorado Territory


4,903


4,903


3,697


Dakota Territory


206


206


206


New Mexico Territory


6,561


6,561


4,432


Alabama


2,567


2,567


1,611


Florida


1,290


1,290


1,290


Louisiana


5,224


5,224


4,654


Mississippi


545


545


545


Texas


1,965


1,965


1,632


Indian Nation


3,530


3,530


3,530


Colored Troops


93,441


93,441


91,789


Total


.2,763,670


2,772,408


86,724


2,859,132


2,320,272


ANOTHER VIEW OF GOVERNOR OLIVER P. MORTON.


*


*


*


*


×


*


-X


.


At the outbreak of the war the attitude of Kentucky was uncertain. The sympathies of the governor, Beriah Magoffin, were wholly with the seceding states, and to President Lincoln's call for troops he had answered that "Kentucky will furnish no troops for the wicked purpose of subduing her sister southern states." It was Magoffin's purpose to force Kentucky to secede, or, failing in that, to assume the position of "armed neutrality." The farce planned by Magoffin was not successful in the land of Henry Clay and soon ran its course, but, while it lasted, Indiana was practically a border state. It was fortunate for the state and for the Union cause that at this time there was in the office of governor a man of unquestioned loyalty, of tremendous energy, and of indomitable will. In the four years that followed, the name of Oliver P. Morton became a household word throughout the United States. No governor in any northern state met with more bitter opposition ; none worked for the success of the Union cause with more untiring energy, or looked after the welfare of the soldiers of his own state with more watchful and careful solicitude.


Morton was then in the prime of vigorous manhood-a man of far-seeing sagacity, of great endurance, of dauntless courage; a man who could have taken Cromwell's place in England, and who needed all of Cromwell's force of character to fill the place of governor of Indiana. Clearly foreseeing from the beginning the magnitude of the Rebellion and the tremendous efforts that must be made to suppress it, he often chafed under what he thought to be the puny and tardy measures of the Federal government. When the Federal authorities were too slow in supplying arms for the Indiana troops, he bought them on his own respon- sibility. When the government became short of ammunition, he established at Indianapolis an arsenal for its manufacture, soon having 600 men employed, and ammunition enough for the Indiana troops and some to spare to the government. When the legislature in 1863 adjourned, after refusing to make any appropriation to carry on the state government, he borrowed money sufficient for two years without closing a single state institution and without stopping the organization of a single regiment.


I20


HAZZARD'S HISTORY OF HENRY COUNTY.


The President's proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers was issued April [5 and six three-months' regiments with 4,683 men were required of the state of Indiana. Within a week 12,000 men had responded-twice as many as could then be armed. The four three-year regiments required under the President's call of May 3 were raised at once, and ten more besides in advance of the call in July, and before January 1, 1862, Indiana had 60,000 troops in the field.


The Morgan raid found Indiana almost destitute of armed soldiers, but within twenty four hours after Morgan had touched her borders 15,000 men were hastening to Indianapolis; and before two days had passed Morton had 30,000 assembled to repel the invaders.


No orator ever lived in Indiana whose speeches had such weight as those of Morton. He never attempted to be funny ; he never indulged in the "spread-eagle" style of oratory; he never resorted to the tricks practiced by the modern pro- fessional "spell-binder." But under his sledge-hammer logic all opposition went down as the gates of Torquilstone went down under the blows of Richard the Lion-hearted. Probably no one speech ever delivered in America left such a deep impress upon the public mind as Morton's Masonic Hall speech in 1866.


Morton's care for the Indiana troops in the field was proverbial throughout all the armies. Surgeons and nurses were sent by him to every battle-field. Often he went himself to give his personal attention to the care of the wounded. His strong hand was the chief support of the Indiana Sanitary Commission, whose special business it was to care for the sick and wounded soldiers in the hospitals. No regiment passed through Indianapolis, either going to or returning from the front, that did not enjoy the fruits of his provident hospitality. His kind and sympathetic feeling for his suffering fellow men was not limited to soldiers of the Union armies. It extended to the Confederate prisoners confined at Indianapolis, and nowhere in the North were they more humanely treated.


He was omnipresent; now buried in the details of the work of carrying on the state government, or preparing troops for the field; now going about the state making speeches and infusing into the people some of his own enthusiasm; now visiting battle-fields and camps at the front-wherever he was most needed during the war he was always to be found. It was chiefly to his untiring efforts that Indiana enjoyed the distinction of having furnished to the Federal armies over seventy four per cent of the entire fighting population of the state. No obstacles stopped him ; his tremendous energy overcame them all; no disasters dismayed him -they only strengthened his courage and inspired him with renewed determination. He will live in history as the greatest war governor of his time.


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CHAPTER VIII.


BRIEF MILITARY HISTORY OF EVENTS OF THE CIVIL WAR.


SUMMARY OF THE CIVIL WAR-THE CIVIL WAR BY CAMPAIGNS-CORRESPOND)- ENCE BETWEEN GRANT AND LEE.


At twenty minutes after four o'clock, on Friday morning, April 12, 1861, the first gun was fired that inaugurated the Great American Civil War. The cause leading up to this event was not of recent origin ; almost from the foundation of the government the slavery question had been a disturbing element in the politics of the Nation, and as early as 1820 so bitter had the feeling grown that when Missouri asked admission to the Union as a slave State, a threatened disruption was only prevented by the passage of an act through Congress known as the "Missouri Compromise." This bill, which was introduced by Henry Clay, of Kentucky, provided for the admission of Missouri as a slave State, but forever prohibited slavery north of a certain latitude named in the measure. The passage of this law, for a time, satisfied the extreme men of both sections; but in 1850, California demanded admission to the Union with a constitution forbidding slavery. The contest was re-opened with more determination and bitterness than had existed thirty years before. The trouble was again allayed by a series of compromise measures, carried through Congress by Clay.


For many years prior to 1860, the South had practically controlled legislation in Congress, and the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law, and the rendition by the Supreme Court of the Dred Scott Decision, created great indignation at the North, many declaring the acts unchristian and unworthy of a civilized nation, and some of the free States retaliated by passing what were known as Personal Liberty Acts, and when, in 1853, a bill introduced in Congress by Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, was passed by that body, repealing the Compromise of 1820 and re- opening the slavery question north of the line described in that act, and giving to the settlers the right to determine for themselves whether slavery should exist within the boundaries of their state when admitted, the excitement became intense and created such a diversity of political opinion that no less than four distinct political parties appeared in the field in 1860 and asked for the suffrages of the people at the national election, to be held in November of that year.


One party nominated as its candidate for President John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, then Vice-President of the United States, and Joseph Lane of Oregon for Vice-President, and declared in their platform of principles, that the constitu- tion, of its own force, carried slavery into the territories, and that it was the duty of Congress to sanction and maintain the same by appropriate legislation.


Another party, led by Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, and Herschel \. John-


122


HAZZARD'S HISTORY OF HENRY COUNTY.


ston of Georgia, its nominees for President and Vice-President, declared that Congress had neither the right to sanction or forbid slavery in the territories, but that the people thereof should determine the question for themselves.


A third party presented Abraham Lincoln of Illinois, as its leader, with Han- nibal Hamlin of Maine for Vice-President, and denounced as false the doctrine that the constitution carried slavery into the territories; denied that they desired to interfere with the domestic relations of any state, but avowed their determination to resist the extension of slavery by congressional legislation.


Still a fourth party, with John Bell of Tennessee as its candidate for President and Edward Everett of Massachusetts for Vice-President, adopted the rather vague and indistinct platform of "The Union, the Constitution and the Enforcement of the Laws."


The contest for the supremacy was determined and bitter, and resulted in the election of Mr. Lincoln by a decided majority. As soon as the result was declared by the electoral college, South Carolina passed an ordinance of secession and withdrew from the Union, declaring that a sectional President had been elected, whose views were hostile to the institutions of the South. The action of South Carolina was followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas, in the order named, and later by Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina.


In February, 1861, delegates from the six first named states met at Mont- gomery, Alabama, and organized a new government under the name of the "Con- federate States of America," adopted a constitution and elected Jefferson Davis of 'Mississippi, President, and Alexander H. Stephens of Georgia, Vice-President. After the secession of Virginia the seat of government was removed from Mont- gomery to Richmond, and remained there until the close of the war and the col- lapse of the Confederacy.




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